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    Assessment of Eyes and Ears

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    Shahmeer
    This document provides an overview of assessing the eyes and ears. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the eyes and ears. The objectives are to describe the anatomy, identify necessary health history, perform eye examinations, and document findings. The document outlines how to examine the external structures of the eyes and ears, as well as how to perform tests of vision, eye movement, and hearing. It emphasizes inspecting the internal structures of the eyes during an ophthalmoscopic exam and otoscopic exam of the ears. Findings should be documented concisely. Age-related changes to the eyes and ears are also reviewed.

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    Assessment of Eyes and Ears

    Uploaded by

    Shahmeer
    313 views31 pages
    This document provides an overview of assessing the eyes and ears. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the eyes and ears. The objectives are to describe the anatomy, identify necessary health history, perform eye examinations, and document findings. The document outlines how to examine the external structures of the eyes and ears, as well as how to perform tests of vision, eye movement, and hearing. It emphasizes inspecting the internal structures of the eyes during an ophthalmoscopic exam and otoscopic exam of the ears. Findings should be documented concisely. Age-related changes to the eyes and ears are also reviewed.

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    This document provides an overview of assessing the eyes and ears. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the eyes and ears. The objectives are to describe the anatomy, identify necessary health history, perform eye examinations, and document findings. The document outlines how to examine the external structures of the eyes and ears, as well as how to perform tests of vision, eye movement, and hearing. It emphasizes inspecting the internal structures of the eyes during an ophthalmoscopic exam and otoscopic exam of the ears. Findings should be documented concisely. Age-related changes to the eyes and ears are also reviewed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    313 views31 pages

    Assessment of Eyes and Ears

    Uploaded by

    Shahmeer
    This document provides an overview of assessing the eyes and ears. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the eyes and ears. The objectives are to describe the anatomy, identify necessary health history, perform eye examinations, and document findings. The document outlines how to examine the external structures of the eyes and ears, as well as how to perform tests of vision, eye movement, and hearing. It emphasizes inspecting the internal structures of the eyes during an ophthalmoscopic exam and otoscopic exam of the ears. Findings should be documented concisely. Age-related changes to the eyes and ears are also reviewed.

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    UNIT V:

    Assessment of the Eyes,


    & Ears
    PRESENTED BY: MS.SAMREEN NANJI
    ACKNOWLEDGE: AKUSON
    MS. KOMAL (NURSING INSTRUCTOR)
    OBJECTIVES
    Describe the anatomy of eyes and ear
    Identify the components of health history necessary for the
    examination of eye & ear
    Perform the examination of eye of a healthy patient.
    Document findings.
    List the changes in eye that are characteristics of aging
    process.
    ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF EYES

    EXTERNAL EYE STRUCTURE INTERNAL EYE STRUCTURE

    Eyelids and eyelashes Sclera Optic disc


    Conjunctiva Cornea Retinal Vessels
    Lacrimal apparatus Iris Anterior chamber
    Extraocular Muscles and cranial Pupil Vitreous humor
    nerves. Lens
    Chorioid layer
    Retina
    Assessment of the eye
    Present problem

    Past medical history

    Family history

    Personal and social history


    PRESENT HEALTH CONCERN
    HISTORY TAKING
    Past Health History Family History
    Trauma Vision/ eye problems in family
    eye surgery  color blindness
    chronic disease (HTN, DB) Lifestyle and Health Practices
    Eye or vision problem Employment (welding work,
    computer jobs etc)
    Eye surgery
    Use of lenses
    Sports
    Eye Examination
    Evaluating Vision(CN II)

    Test distant visual acuity: Use Snellen chart


    (Myopia)

    Test near visual acuity: Newspaper or


    Rosenbaum chart (Hyperopia)
    Eye Examination
    Eye Examination
    Visual fields (CNII)
    Objective: To test the visual defects

    Confrontation test
    EOM function (CN III, IV, VI)
    Full eye movement is controlled by integrated function of the cranial nerves and extraocular
    muscles.
    Six cardinal positions of gaze.
    (Nystagmus)
    Corneal light reflex.
    Cover- Uncover test.
    (strabismus)
    Sequence of Eye Examination
    Inspection

    Palpation

    Opthalmoscopic Examination
    External Eye Examination
    Eyelids and Eyelashes
    Position of eye in socket
    Edema
    Alignment of the Eyes
    Eye Brows Color
    Quantity
    Lesions
    Distribution
    Scaliness Condition of the eye lid

    Adequacy of the eyelid closure


    EXOPHTHALAMUS
    Conjunctiva and sclera
    Color
    Vascular pattern
    Swelling
    Nodules
    External Eye Examination
    Cornea Reaction to light
     Opacity Accommodation
    Iris and pupil PERRLA
    Color (Pupils equally round and reactive to light and
    accommodation)
    Shape
     Size
    Fluttering movements
    Palpation
    Eyelid
    Lacrimal ducts
    Swelling or redness
    Tenderness
    Ophthalmoscopic Examination
    Inspect Retinal background
    Lens clarity
     Regularity
     Color
    Red reflex
     Any microaneurysms, hemorrhage,
    exudates
    Optic disc
    Inspect Fovea Centralis & Macula
     Size and shape and Regularity
     Color

     Margins
    Documentation

    Vision 20/20 in each eye. Fields full by confrontation.


    Conjunctiva pink. Sclera clear. Pupils, equal, round,
    react to light (PERRLA). Extra-ocular movement
    intact. Disc margins sharp. No arteriolar narrowing.
    INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL EAR
    History
    Discharge
    Tinnitus
    Ear pain
    Vertigo
    Care habits
    Hearing ability (use of hearing aid)
    Examination of Ear
    Inspection Palpate
    Auricle Auricle
    Size Pain/ Tenderness
    Color Lumps
    Shape
    Deformity
    Lesions
    Otoscopic Examination
    Ear Canal Ear Drum
    Discharge Color
    Foreign body Short process of malleus
    Redness Handle of malleus
    Swelling Cone of light
    Color Perforation
    Contour
    Examination Test

    Whisper test (gross hearing)


    Weber test
    Rinnes test (AC>BC)
    Documentation
    Partial wax present in the right ear canal. Left canal clear. Acuity good (to whispered
    voice). Weber midline. Air conduction more than bone conduction (AC > BC)
    Changes with Age
    Fat around the eye
    Wrinkled eye lid/ Auricle
    Long sightedness
    Fewer lacrimal secretion
    Thick lenses
    Hearing loss
    REFERENCES
    Fuller, J. & Schaller Ayers, J. (2000). Health Assessment: A Nursing approach. (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: J.
    B. Lippincott.

    Bicklay, L. S. (2009). Bates’ guide to physical examination and history taking (10th ed). Philadelphia: J.
    B. Lippincott.

    Weber, J. R. (2005). Nurses' handbook of health assessment (5th ed). Philadelphia: Lippincott.

    Linpincott.W. (2011). Health Assessment; Made Incredibly visual (2nd ed). Philadelphia.

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