ME681A Detailed Syllabus

ME681A
iitk.ac.in/me/ME681A
Mathematics For Engineers
Credits: 3L-0T-0L-0D (9 Credits)
Course Content:
Linear Algebra: Vector space and its basis; Matrices as coordinate-dependent

linear transformation; null and range spaces; Solution of linear algebraic
equations: Gauss elimination and Gauss-Jordon methods, LU Decomposition and
Cholesky method, Gauss-Seidel/ Jacobi iterative methods; Condition number;
Minimum norm and least square error solutions; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of
matrices and their properties; Similarity transformation; Jordon canonical form and
orthogonal diagonalization; Mises power method for finding
eigenvalues/eigenvectors of symmetric matrices. Tensor Algebra and Index
Notation. Vector and Tensor Calculus: Curves and surfaces; Gradient, divergence
and curl, Line, surface and volume integrals; Gauss (divergence), Stokes and
Green’s theorems. Topics in Numerical Methods: Solution of a non-linear
algebraic equation and system of equations; Interpolation methods, Regression;
Numerical Integration. Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs): Techniques of the
separation of variable and the integrating factor for 1st order ODEs; Solutions of
linear, 2nd order ODEs with constant coefficients and Euler-Cauchy ODEs;
System of 1st order ODEs; Numerical methods for solving ODEs, Homogeneous,
linear, 2nd order ODEs with variable coefficients: power series and Frobenius
methods; Sturm-Louville problem; Laplace transform method for non-
homogeneous, linear, 2nd order ODEs: discontinuous right-hand sides
Lecturewise Breakup (based on 50min per lecture)

I. Introduction (1 Lecture)
Introduction to the course. [1 Lecture]
II. Linear Algebra (12 Lectures)
Vector spaces: definition, linear independence of vectors, basis, inner

product and inner product space, orthogonality, Gram-Schmidt procedure,
subspaces. [2 Lectures]
Matrices: coordinate-dependent linear transformations, null and range

spaces. [1 Lecture]
1/3
Linear algebraic equations: existence and uniqueness of solution,
elementary row/column operations, Gauss elimination and Gauss Jordon
methods, Echelon form, pivoting, LU decomposition and Cholesky method,
Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi iterative methods, condition number, minimum
norm and least square error solutions. [4.5 Lectures]
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices: properties like multiplicity,

eigenspace, spectrum and linear independence of eigenvectors, similarity
transformation and Jordon canonical form, eigenvalues/eigenvectors of
symmetric matrices: orthogonal diagonalization. [3 Lectures]
Iterative methods to find eigenvalues/eigenvectors of symmetric matrices:

forward iteration and Mises power method, inverse iteration. [1.5 Lectures]
III. Tensor Algebra (4 Lectures)
Index Notation and Summation Convention. [1 Lecture]
Tensor algebra: tensor as a linear vector transformation, dyadic

representation, transformation of components, product of tensors,
transpose, decomposition into symmetric and antisymmetric parts,
invariants, decomposition into isotropic and deviatoric parts, inner product
and norm, inverse, orthogonal tensors, eigenvalues and eigenvectors,
square-root, positive definite symmetric tensor, polar decomposition, tensors
of higher order. [3 Lectures]
IV. Vector and Tensor Calculus (4 Lectures)
Review of multi-variable calculus. [0.5 Lecture]
Curves: parametric representation, tangent vector, arc length, curvature,

principal normal vector, osculating plane, bi-normal vector; Surfaces:
parametric representation, tangent vector and tangent plane. [1.5 Lectures]
Scalar fields: gradient, directional derivative, potential; Vector fields:

divergence, curl, solenoidal and irrotational vector fields; Line integral and
path independence; Surface and volume integrals; Gauss (divergence),
Stokes and Green’s theorems (without proof). [1.5 Lectures]
Tensor calculus: tensor derivative of a scalar field, gradient of a vector field,

divergence of a tensor field. [0.5 Lecture]
V. Topics in Numerical Methods (5 Lectures)
Solution of non-linear algebraic equations, Newton-Raphson method for a

system of non-linear algebraic equations. [1.5 Lectures]
Lagrange and Hermite interpolation methods. [1 Lecture]
Regression: linear least-square method. [1 Lecture]
Numerical integration: trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules, Gauss quadrature.

[1.5 Lectures]
VI. Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) (14 Lectures)
Initial value problem (IVP) of a 1st order ODE: existence, uniqueness and
continuity with initial conditions. [0.5 Lecture]
2/3
Methods of solving 1st order ODEs: separation of variable technique,
change of variable to make ODE separable; exact ODEs, integrating factor
to make ODE exact, linear 1st order ODEs. [1.5 Lectures]
Homogeneous, linear, 2nd order ODEs: existence and uniqueness, 2

fundamental (linearly independent) solutions and Wronskian, superposition
for obtaining general solution, fundamental solutions of ODEs with constant
coefficients, method of reduction of order to find 2nd linearly independent
solution, fundamental solutions of Euler-Cauchy ODEs. [2 Lectures]
Non-homogeneous, linear, 2nd order ODEs: existence and uniqueness,

methods of undermined coefficients and variation of parameters,
introduction to higher order ODEs. [1.5 Lectures]
System of 1st order ODEs: existence and uniqueness of IVP, solution of the
homogeneous system with constant coefficients, generalized eigenvector to
find other fundamental solutions, method of variation of parameters.[1.5
Lectures]
Numerical methods for solving IVP of ODEs: Euler and Runge-Kutta

methods, stability of numerical methods. [1.5 Lectures]
Homogeneous, linear, 2nd order ODEs with variable coefficients: power

series method, solution of Legendre equation; Frobenius method, solution of
Bessel equation; Sturm-Louville problem with regular, periodic and singular
(homogeneous) boundary conditions and use of its eigenfunctions as an
orthogonal basis for the representation of functions. [3.5 Lectures]
Laplace transform method for IV problem involving non-homogeneous,

linear, 2nd order ODEs, properties of transform, inverse transform using
tables, discontinuous right-hand sides involving unit step, impulse and
Dirac-delta functions, t-shifting theorem. [2 Lectures]
References:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig, John Wiley and Sons,
International 8th Revised Edition, 1999,
2. Applied Mathematical Methods by B. Dasgupta, Pearson Education, 2006.
3/3

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ME681A

Mathematics For Engineers

Credits: 3L-0T-0L-0D (9 Credits)

Linear Algebra: Vector space and its basis; Matrices as coordinate-dependent

Lecturewise Breakup (based on 50min per lecture)

Introduction to the course. [1 Lecture]

II. Linear Algebra (12 Lectures)

Vector spaces: definition, linear independence of vectors, basis, inner

Matrices: coordinate-dependent linear transformations, null and range

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices: properties like multiplicity,

Iterative methods to find eigenvalues/eigenvectors of symmetric matrices:

III. Tensor Algebra (4 Lectures)

Index Notation and Summation Convention. [1 Lecture]

Tensor algebra: tensor as a linear vector transformation, dyadic

IV. Vector and Tensor Calculus (4 Lectures)

Review of multi-variable calculus. [0.5 Lecture]

Curves: parametric representation, tangent vector, arc length, curvature,

Scalar fields: gradient, directional derivative, potential; Vector fields:

Tensor calculus: tensor derivative of a scalar field, gradient of a vector field,

V. Topics in Numerical Methods (5 Lectures)

Solution of non-linear algebraic equations, Newton-Raphson method for a

Lagrange and Hermite interpolation methods. [1 Lecture]

Regression: linear least-square method. [1 Lecture]

Numerical integration: trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules, Gauss quadrature.

VI. Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) (14 Lectures)

Homogeneous, linear, 2nd order ODEs: existence and uniqueness, 2

Non-homogeneous, linear, 2nd order ODEs: existence and uniqueness,

Numerical methods for solving IVP of ODEs: Euler and Runge-Kutta

Homogeneous, linear, 2nd order ODEs with variable coefficients: power

Laplace transform method for IV problem involving non-homogeneous,

2. Applied Mathematical Methods by B. Dasgupta, Pearson Education, 2006.

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