Fajar Secondary School 2018 Preliminary Examinations Secondary 4 Express/5 Normal (Academic)

FAJAR SECONDARY SCHOOL
2018 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS

SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS/5 NORMAL
(ACADEMIC)
CANDIDATE
NAME
CLASS INDEX NUMBER
SCIENCE (BIOLOGY) 5077/5078

Paper 1 Multiple Choice
Date: 13 September 2018
Setter: Ms Seah AH Duration: 1 Hour
Additional Materials: OTAS Sheet
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name and index number on the Question Paper and OTAS Sheet in the spaces
provided.
There are twenty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are
four possible answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate
OTAS Sheet.
Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.
Do not open this document till permission is given.
This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.
www.KiasuExamPaper.com
123
2
1 The diagram below shows the initial diameter of a potato disc.
1 cm
1 cm
potato disc
The potato disc was placed in distilled water for one hour.
Which diagram correctly shows the change in the diameter of the potato disc?
A B
C D
2 The diagram shows part of a plant root in the soil. The root is absorbing water.
At which labelled point is the water potential highest?
D
A C soil particle
B
xylem
root hair cell
124
3
3 A solution gives the following results when tested.
test observations
biuret test solution changed from blue to violet
Benedict’s test solution changed from blue to brick red precipitate
iodine solution solution remained yellow
ethanol emulsion test solution remained clear
What does the solution contain?
A fat and protein

B protein and reducing sugar
C protein and starch
D reducing sugar and starch
4 The graph shows how temperature affects the rate at which an enzyme works.
rate of
enzyme
activity
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
temperature / oC
What does the graph show about this enzyme?
A The enzyme is denatured by temperatures above 65 oC.

B The enzyme is denatured by temperatures below 8 oC.
C The enzyme works fastest at 55 oC.
D The enzyme works fastest at 61 oC.
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125
4
5 Which processes are functions of the liver?
helping with digestion

absorbing food assimilating food
of food
A 3 3 3
B 3 3 × key
C 3 × 3 3 = is a function
D × 3 3 × = is not a function
6 The diagram shows the digestive system of a rabbit.

In which structure is lipase produced?
B C
diaphragm
7 On a sunny day, how does water vapour move through the stomata of a leaf?
A into the leaf by diffusion

B into the leaf by respiration
C out of the leaf by diffusion
D out of the leaf by respiration
126
5
8 A plant was placed in a bell-jar in a brightly lit area. The air in the bell-jar contains carbon dioxide that
has been radioactively labelled.
After an hour, a cross-section of the plant’s stem was placed on photogenic film which turns black
when exposed to radioactivity.
Which diagram shows the area where the film becomes black?
A B
C D
9 The graph below shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
high carbon dioxide concentration

rate of Y
photosynthesis medium carbon dioxide concentration
X
low carbon dioxide concentration
light intensity
What is the factor that is limiting the rate of photosynthesis at points X and Y?
X Y
A carbon dioxide concentration light intensity

B light intensity carbon dioxide concentration
C temperature carbon dioxide concentration
D temperature light intensity
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6
10 The following statements are the characteristics of blood transported by a blood vessel in the human
body.
x High concentration of oxygen

x Low concentration of carbon dioxide
x Low blood pressure
What is this blood vessel?
A aorta
B vena cava
C pulmonary vein
D pulmonary artery
11 After finishing a race, an athlete still continues to breathe more quickly and deeply than normal
for several minutes.
Which statement correctly explains this observation?
A to remove carbon dioxide produced during anaerobic respiration

B to remove urea produced from the breakdown of amino acids
C to take in extra oxygen to break down lactic acid
D to replace stored glycogen in muscles
128
7
12 The diagram shows the main components involved in coordination and response towards stimulus.
integrating centre
X Y
stimulus response
What are represented by X and Y?
X Y
A effector receptor
B receptor effector
C brain spinal cord
D spinal cord brain
13 The graph shows the changes in the size of the pupil of the eye as the light intensity of the
surroundings is changed.
12
10
8
diameter
of pupil / 6
mm
4
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
time / seconds
Which time period shows the light intensity increasing?
A 5 to 10 seconds
B 10 to 15 seconds
C 25 to 35 seconds
D 35 to 40 seconds
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8
14 Four people had the following descriptions with regards to their body and dietary conditions.
x Normal, has not eaten for 24h

x Normal, before lunch
x Normal, 3h after lunch
x Diabetic, 3h after lunch
They were then tested for their blood glucose levels.

The graph shows the blood glucose levels of the 4 people.
blood glucose level (mg/dL)
1 2 3 4
Which row correctly describes the graph?
1 2 3 4
normal;
normal; normal; has not eaten for 24 diabetic;
A
before lunch 3 hours after lunch hours 3 hours after lunch
normal;
normal; diabetic; has not eaten for 24 normal;
B
before lunch 3 hours after lunch hours 3 hours after lunch
normal;
has not eaten for diabetic; normal; normal;
C
24 hours 3 hours after lunch before lunch 3 hours after lunch
normal;
normal; diabetic; has not eaten for 24 normal;
D
3 hours after lunch 3 hours after lunch hours before lunch
130
9
15 The diagram shows the female reproductive system.
What is the function of the part labelled X?
A gamete production and hormone secretion

B gamete production only
C hormone secretion only
D zygote production and hormone secretion
16 What would be the result of cutting the tubes marked X?
X X
A Male sex hormones could not reach blood.

B The flow of urine would be prevented.
C The production of sperm would stop.
D The sperm could not be transported out of the urethra.
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10
17 A gene of a particular organism contains 29% thymine (T).

Which row would best represent the percentage distribution of the other nucleotides in this
gene?
adenine (A) cytosine (C) guanine (G)

A 21 % 29 % 21 %
B 21 % 21 % 29 %
C 29 % 21 % 21 %
D 29 % 21 % 29 %
18 The diagram shows a food web in a woodland.
In this food web, a lizard is _________________.
A a carnivore
B a decomposer
C a herbivore
D a producer
132
11
19 A farmer sprays insecticide on his crops for a year. The insecticide washes off into a lake where it is
absorbed by the producer to enter the food chain.
unicellular freshwater small fish-eating

green plants crustaceans fish birds
Which row correctly represents the levels of insecticide in these organisms at the end of the year?
ppm = parts per million
unicellular green freshwater fish-eating birds /

small fish / ppm
plants / ppm crustaceans / ppm ppm
A 0.05 0.5 0.05 0.05
B 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
C 0.05 0.5 5.0 25.0
D 25.0 5.0 0.5 0.05
20 The diagram shows the carbon cycle.
What are processes P, Q, and R?
P Q R
A photosynthesis photosynthesis respiration

B respiration respiration photosynthesis
C photosynthesis respiration photosynthesis
D respiration photosynthesis respiration
--- END OF PAPER ---
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133
12
BLANK PAGE
134
FAJAR SECONDARY SCHOOL
2018 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS
SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS/5 NORMAL
(ACADEMIC)
CANDIDATE
NAME
CLASS INDEX NUMBER
SCIENCE (BIOLOGY) 5077/5078

Paper 4
Setter: Ms Seah AH Date: 29 August 2018
No Additional Materials Required Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your name, class and index number on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
Section B
Answer two out of three questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
In calculations, you should show all steps in your working, giving your answer at each
stage.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
Electronic calculators can be used in this paper.

The total of the marks for this paper is 65.
For Examiner’s Use
Paper 1 20
Paper 4
Section A 45
Section B 20
Total 85
Do not open this document till permission is given.
This document consists of 16 printed pages and 0 blank pages.
135
2
Paper 4 For
Examiner’s
Section A [45 marks] Use
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
1 Fig 1.1 shows a cell from the palisade mesophyll layer of a leaf.
chloroplast
A
Fig. 1.1
(a) Name the structures labelled A, B and C.
A ……………………………………………
B ……………………………………………
C …………………………………………… [3]
(b) Name the process carried out by the chloroplasts and explain why all animal cells
depend on this process.
name of process …………………………………………………………………………
explanation …………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(c) Suggest one link between the functions of chloroplasts and the function of
mitochondria.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
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3
(d) State one difference you would expect to see between this plant cell and For
Examiner’s
Use
(i) a root hair cell,
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(ii) a xylem cell.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
[Total: 9]
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4
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a mammalian heart with glass tubes, X and Y, securely attached to the For
Examiner’s
vena cava and the pulmonary artery. Use
Water was poured into tube X, and rose up tube Y until both tubes were filled to the level
shown.
X Y
water
level
pulmonary artery
vena cava
ventricles
Fig. 2.1
(a) When water was poured into tube X, two chambers in the heart were filled with water.
Name these two chambers.
1 …………………………………………………………………………………………..
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
(b) The ventricles were squeezed once by hand.
Suggest what would happen to the level of water in tube X and in tube Y when the
ventricles were squeezed.
X ……………….………………………………………………………………………….
Y ……………….…………………………………………………………………………. [1]
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5
(c) Fig. 2.2 shows the contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles during several For
Examiner’s
heartbeats. Use
Each square represents a time of 0.1 second.
= contraction
= relaxation
atria
ventricles
Fig. 2.2
(i) For how long do the ventricles contract during one heartbeat?
……………………………….. second [1]
(ii) How many heartbeats does the diagram show?
………………………..… heartbeats [1]
(iii) During exercise, the rate of blood flow to the heart muscles increase.
Explain the advantage of this increase in the rate of blood flow.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
[Total: 7]
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6
3 Fig. 3.1 shows changes in the hormones oestrogen and progesterone during a woman’s For
Examiner’s
menstural cycle. Use
15
hormone level
10
in blood in
arbitrary units
oestrogen
5
progesterone
0
days
Fig. 3.1
(a) On Fig. 3.1, indicate using
(i) a letter O, the day when ovulation is most likely to occur. [1]
(ii) a letter M, the day when menstruation is likely to start. [1]
(b) Describe the effect of oestrogen on the female reproductive system.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(c) Fertilisation normally takes place in the oviducts.
(i) State what happens to the level of progesterone if fertilisation occurs.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(ii) Describe the early development of the fertilised egg.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
[Total: 7]
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7
4 Fig. 4.1 shows part of a flower involved in sexual reproduction. For

Examiner’s
Use
It has been separated into three sections A, B and C.
Fig. 4.1
(a) Complete the table by giving the correct letter for the section that matches each
statement.
Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all.
The first one has been done for you.
Statement Section letter

This is the stigma A
This is where fertilisation occurs
This is where the pollen grains land at
pollination
This is where most pollen tube growth
occurs
This is where a seed will develop [2]
(b) The drawing shows a pollen grain from an insect-pollinated flower as seen using a
microscope.
Suggest how the structure of this pollen grain shows it is from an insect-pollinated
flower.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
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8
(c) In this plant, pollen is produced before the carpel has finished growing. For
Examiner’s
By the time the carpel is ready for pollination, pollen production has stopped. Use
(i) Suggest why this happens.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(ii) In what way is this an advantage to the plant?
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
[Total: 6]
5 A geneticist was asked to investigate the inheritance of acatalasia in dogs.
The normal allele is represented by B and the mutant allele is represented by b.
Fig. 5.1 to show the inheritance of acatalasia in a family of dogs. The shaded symbols
indicate the dogs with acatalasia.
normal male
normal female
male with acatalasia
female with acatalasia
Fig. 5.1
(a) Explain what is meant by the terms
(i) allele
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(ii) genotype
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
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9
(b) State the genotype of the dogs identified as 1, 2 and 3 in Fig. 5.1. For
Examiner’s
Use
1 …………………………………………..
2 …………………………………………..
3 ………………………………………….. [3]
(c) The geneticist crossed dog 4 with dog 5. Approximately half of the offspring had
acatalasia and half the offspring did not have acatalasia.
Draw a genetic diagram to show how this is possible. [4]
[Total: 9]
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10
6 The table shows the comparison of air breathed in and out of a person. For
Examiner’s
Use
% of air breathed
in out
carbon dioxide 0.03 4.03
nitrogen 78 78
oxygen 20 16
others 1.97 1.97
(a) Which two features of the alveoli help to bring about the changes?
1. ………..………………………………………………………………………………...
…..……………………………………………………………………………………...
2. …..……………………………………………………………………………………...
…..……………………………………………………………………………………... [2]
(b) (i) Name the reaction in the body which uses up oxygen and produces carbon
dioxide.
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(ii) Write a word equation for this reaction.
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(c) State and explain the effect on the concentration of oxygen carried in the red blood
cells when breathing in air containing tobacco smoke.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3]
[Total: 7]
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11
Section B [20 marks] For

Examiner’s
Use
Answer any two questions from this section.
7 Stoma is found mainly on the underside of leaves.
guard cells
stoma
An experiment is carried out to examine the effect of the size of stomata on the rate of
transpiration.
Table 7.1 shows the rate of transpiration in still air and in moving air.
size of stomata rate of transpiration in mg m-2 s-1

in ߤm stiil air moving air
0 0 0
4 22 70
8 46 140
12 48 165
16 50 210
20 50 248
24 50 264
Table 7.1
(a) Define the term transpiration.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]
(b) Water lilies float on the surface of ponds.

Stoma is found on the upper surface of a water lily rather than the lower surface.
Suggest a reason for this adaptation.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]
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12
(c) Plot a graph to show the effect of stomata on transpiration rate in still and moving air. For
Examiner’s
Use a ruler to join your points with straight lines. [3] Use
rate of transpiration
in mg m-2 s-1
300
250
200
150
100
50
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
size of stomata pore in ߤm
(d) Use the graph to compare the effect of increasing stomatal pore size on transpiration
rate in still and moving air.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(e) Explain the effect that moving air has on transpiration rate.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… [3]
[Total: 10]
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13
8 The brown plant hopper is a serious insect pest of rice. Spraying with pesticides is a common For
Examiner’s
way to control it. However, brown plant hoppers have become resistant to pesticides. Use
Fig. 8.1 shows the effect of spraying pesticides against populations of this insect pest.
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
mean number
of brown 600
plant hoppers
per m2 500
400
300
200
100
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
days after
transplanting rice
sprays with pesticide
Fig. 8.1
(a) Use Fig. 8.1 to describe the effect of pesticides on populations of the brown plant
hopper.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3]
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14
(b) (i) Rice growing has involved the destruction of forests. For
Examiner’s
Describe the long-term effects of deforestation on the environment. Use
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [4]
(ii) Suggest reasons for the importance of conservation of plant and animal
species in the forest.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3]
[Total: 10]
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15
9 Adam carried out an experiment on the fat content of a milk sample. For
Examiner’s
Fig. 9.1 shows a sequence of steps in the experiment. Use
The pH indicator used is colourless when the pH is 7 or less, and purple when the pH is
over 7.
2 drops of 1 cm3 lipase

pH indicator solution
thermometer added added
water
bath
5 cm3 milk with milk turns purple

added bile salts
timing started as timing stopped as

lipase is added purple colour
disappears
Fig. 9.1
The experiment was carried out at different temperatures.

The times taken for the pH indicator to lose its colour are shown in Table 9.1.
Table 9.1
temperature / ºC
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time taken for indicator
35 21 16 9 6 31 40
to lose its colour/min
(a) Based on table 9.1, describe and explain the effect of increasing temperature on the
activity of the enzyme, lipase.
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….………….. [6]
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16
(b) Describe the role of bile salts in the digestion of fats. For
Examiner’s
Use
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….………….. [2]
(c) Lipase will only act on fat molecules.

Use the lock and key hypothesis to explain why.
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
……………………………………………………………………………………….………….. [2]
[Total: 10]
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151
2018 4E Science Prelim Answer Scheme
Answers to Section A
Q1 A Q11
Q11 C
Q2 D Q12
Q1
Q12 B
Q3 B Q13
Q1
Q13 D
Q4 C Q14
4 B
Q5 D Q15
5 A
Q6 C Q16 D
Q7 C Q17 C
Q8 A Q18 A
Q9 B Q19 C
Q10
0 C Q20 D
152
1 (a) A – nucleus 3
B – cell membrane
C – vacuole
[1m each]
(b) Name of process – photosynthesis [1 m] 2
Explanation [Any suitable answer; 1 m]

x Produce oxygen for respiration
x Produce glucose / food
(c) x During photosynthesis, glucose will be made in the ch chlo

loro
lo ropl
ro plasts.
pl
chloroplasts. 2
x The mitochondria will break down the glucose to
o rrelease
elea
el ease
ea se energy
ene
n rgy
during respiration.
[1m each]
(d) (i) The root hair cell is elongated / has a pr

protrusion
p ottrru
o ussiion does
on / d
doo
oeess not
e not have
have
e 1
chloroplasts but the plant cell is not elongated/
elongate t d
te d// does
does not
noot have
ha a protrusion
pro
rottrusion
/ has chloroplasts
(ii) The plant cell contains chloroplasts/ nucleus

us but
nucleu b t the xylem
bu xyllem does not 1
contain chloroplasts/ nu
nucleus.
nucl
c eu
us.
s
2 (a) 1 – right atrium 2

2 – right ventricle
(b) X – remains
mains the
rema
re he same
th same level
lev
evel 1
Y – in
increase
increa
ase
e
(c) (i) 0.3

0.3 1
(ii) 3 1
(iii) x To transport more oxygen to the heart 2

x For respiration to release more energy
153
3 (a) (i) O 1
O from oestrogen peak to trough
(ii) 1
M from start until oestrogen line levels at start

sta rt of cycle /
tart
From where progester
progesterone
ron peaks
one pe aks to end
peak d of
of cycle
cycl
cy e [either one]
cle
(b) x Repairs and thicken the uterine

uter
ut erin
inee lining
lilini
ninng 2
x Increased level off oestrogen
oes
estr
trog en results
ogen res
esulultsts in ovulatio
[1m ea
each]
each
h]
1
(c) (i) Remains

m ins high
Rema high
(ii) x Fert
Fe rtililis
i ed egg divides to become embryo
Fertilised 2
x Travels
Tr to uterus and embedded into the uterine lining
[1m each]
154
4 (a) Statement Section letter 2
This is the stigma A
This is where fertilisation occurs C
This is where the pollen grains land at A
pollination
This is where most pollen tube growth B
occurs
This is where a seed will develop C
All correct – 2 m
2/3 correct – 1 m
(b) Has a rough surface / hair-like structures / spikess to sstick

tick
tick tto insect
o inse
secct
se 1
(c) (i) self-

f fertilisation
To prevent self-fertilisation 1
(ii) x Greater genetic variation 2

x Offspring can inherit beneficial qualities from both parents
parents
[1m each]
5 (a) (i) gen

ene
Different forms of the same genee 1
(ii) Geneti
tic make-up
Genetic make
ma ke-up
p of
of an
n organism
org
rganism inherited from the parents 1
(b) 1 – Bb 3
b
2 – bb
3 – Bb
m each]
[1m
155
(c) Parental Normal x Acatalasia 4
Phenotype
Parental Bb x bb
Genotype
Gamates
B b b b
x
F 1 Genotype Bb Bb bb bb
F 1 Phenotype Normal Normal Acatalasia

a Ac
Acatalasia
catalasia
F 1 Phenotypic Normal : Acata

Acatalasia
tala
ta lasi
la sia
si a
ratio
1:1
1m – genotype of parents
1m – crossing
1m – genotype of F1
1m – ratio
6 (a) x Surrounded by blood d 2

x One cell thick;
x moi
oist
stur
ure;
Has a thin film of moisture;e
(b) (i) Respiration 1
(ii) oxxyg
ygen
oxygenen + g luco
lu cose
glucosese Æ carbon
ca dioxide + water + large amounts of energy 1
(c) x T ba
To bacc
cco smoke contains carbon monoxide
Tobacco 3
x Carb
Ca rbon monoxide will combine with haemoglobin in red blood cells too
Carbon
x O ygen concentration in the red blood cells will thus decrease
Ox
Oxygen
[1m each]
156
7 (a) Loss of water vapour from the stomata 1
(b) x Allow carbon dioxide in 1

x Allow transpiration / water loss
[Any 1; ignore gas exchange]
(c) 3
1 – points
P1 ts p lott
lo tted
plotted ed ccorrectly
orrectly
L1 – lines
es drawn
line draw
dr awn n
K1 – Ke still
Keyy st illl air
stil a r and moving air
ai
(d) x Le
Level off in still air / continues to increase in moving air / more 2
increase in moving air
x Ref to data
[1m each]
(e) x Takes water vapour away / blows water vapour away / less water 3
vapour outside
x Increases / maintains concentration gradient
x Diffusion occurs
[1m each]
157
8 (a) x numbers of brown plant hoppers remain low, up to 40 days / 3
low numbers when spraying occurs (days 15 to 38)
x rapid increase when spraying stopped
x ref to numbers with unit; eg increase to maximum of over 1000 per m2
[1m each]
(b) (i) x soil erosion - loss of topsoil 4

x eroded soil resulted in flooding
x desertification occurs – due to absence of leave canopy
x climate change - effect on carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
x disruption to food chain ; loss of habitat
x extinction / loss of biodiversity
[1m each; any 4]
(ii) x As a food source 3

x Economic importance – eg rainforests are re
e a source
so
ouurrcce of
of raw
w materials
materials for
industries
x Maintenance of biodiversity
x Maintenance of a balanced ecosystem
x Scientific value – studies on wildlife gives insights onon human
huma an beings
be
x Preservation of natural scenery and wildlife
w ldlife
wi
[1m each; any 3]
9 (a) x At low temperature, more moore time

tim
me is needed
nee
eede
ded
d for indicator to change colour 6
x Because the enzymes are arre inactive;
inac
in accti
tive
ve;; Low kinetic energy
x As temperature iincrease,
ncre
nc reas
ase,
e, less
les
esss time
time is needed for indicator to change
colour
x Mo ore
More e kin
inet
e ic energy
kinetic ene
nerg
rgyy an
and higher chances of favourable collision
betwtw
wee
between een substrate
suubs
bstr
trat
atee and
and enzyme
x Unti
Un
Untilt l the
e optimum
opti
op timu
m m temperature (40°C), least time is needed for
indicacato
indicator torr to change
cha
hange colour as the enzymes are most active.
x tem
e pepera
As temperature ratu
ture increase, more time is needed for indicator to change
col
o ou
ourr because
colour be the enzymes are denatured.
[1m ea
[1m each]
(b) x Bile emulsify fats 2

x Increase surface area thus faster digestion of fats by lipase
[1m each]
(c) x Enzymes have an active site; 2

x Active site is complementary to its substrate; only the substrate is able
to fit into the active site for reaction
[1m each]
158
8
159

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FAJAR SECONDARY SCHOOL

2018 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS

CLASS INDEX NUMBER

SCIENCE (BIOLOGY) 5077/5078

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not open this document till permission is given.

This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.

1 The diagram below shows the initial diameter of a potato disc.

root hair cell

3 A solution gives the following results when tested.

biuret test solution changed from blue to violet

Benedict’s test solution changed from blue to brick red precipitate

iodine solution solution remained yellow

ethanol emulsion test solution remained clear

What does the solution contain?

A fat and protein

What does the graph show about this enzyme?

A The enzyme is denatured by temperatures above 65 oC.

5 Which processes are functions of the liver?

helping with digestion

6 The diagram shows the digestive system of a rabbit.

A into the leaf by diffusion

high carbon dioxide concentration

A carbon dioxide concentration light intensity

x High concentration of oxygen

What is this blood vessel?

A to remove carbon dioxide produced during anaerobic respiration

What are represented by X and Y?

Which time period shows the light intensity increasing?

x Normal, has not eaten for 24h

They were then tested for their blood glucose levels.

Which row correctly describes the graph?

15 The diagram shows the female reproductive system.

What is the function of the part labelled X?

A gamete production and hormone secretion

16 What would be the result of cutting the tubes marked X?

A Male sex hormones could not reach blood.

17 A gene of a particular organism contains 29% thymine (T).

adenine (A) cytosine (C) guanine (G)

18 The diagram shows a food web in a woodland.

In this food web, a lizard is _________________.

unicellular freshwater small fish-eating

unicellular green freshwater fish-eating birds /

20 The diagram shows the carbon cycle.

What are processes P, Q, and R?

A photosynthesis photosynthesis respiration

--- END OF PAPER ---

CLASS INDEX NUMBER

SCIENCE (BIOLOGY) 5077/5078

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Electronic calculators can be used in this paper.

This document consists of 16 printed pages and 0 blank pages.

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

(a) Name the structures labelled A, B and C.

name of process …………………………………………………………………………

(ii) a xylem cell.

(b) The ventricles were squeezed once by hand.