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Ilaj-bil-tadbeer (regimental therapy): a noble method of treatment in Unani

medicine: A review

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International Journal of Medicine Research

International Journal of Medicine Research

ISSN: 2455-7404
Impact Factor: RJIF 5.42
www.medicinesjournal.com
Volume 3; Issue 3; July 2018; Page No. 01-06

Ilaj-bil-tadbeer (regimental therapy): a noble method of treatment in Unani medicine: A review

Aliya Hamid
Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy (Tashri-ul-Badan), Kashmir Tibia College, Shilvat, Sonawari, Bandipora,
Jammu & Kashmir, India

Abstract
Unani system of medicine is the medicine of centuries. Four modes of treatment in Unani system are Ilaj-bil-Giza (Dietotherapy),
Ilaj-bil-Dawa (Pharmacotherapy), Ilaj-bil-Yad (Surgery) and Ilaj-bil-Tadbeer (Regimental therapy), these are important modalities
of Tibb for treating disease and maintenance of health. Among above said four modes Ilaj-bil-Tadbeer is very important, most of
regimes are used independently or in combination with medicines. Regimental therapies are physical mode of treatment,
improvement in body constitution is achieved by removing morbid material from body. Regimental therapy improves the quality
of health by improving the defense mechanism of the body. Asbab-e-satta zarooria (six essentials of life are very important for
maintaining healthy life, regarding this maintaining health and treating the disorders of body are achieved through modulating
Asbab-e-satta zarooria. Old nomenclature of Ilaj-bil-Tadbeer is Molijat-e-khususi. Therapies in Ilaj-bil-tadbeer are meant for
Istifraagh-e-akhlaat-e-radiya (expulsion or elimination of morbid material), as accumulation of morbid material are responsible for
causation of diseases. By application of regimental therapies normal health can be restored. Venesection, cupping, leeching,
massage and purgation are essential part of regimental therapies and are used for therapeutic and preventive purpose since
centuries by ancient Unani physicians.

Keywords: mawaad, imala, diversion, hijamat, dalak, leeching

1. Introduction and musculoskeletal disorders. In this maneuver friction or

Unani system is the medicine of centuries, basic principle of pressure, rubbing, stroking, kneading, pounding, tapping,
akhlat arba i.e. Dam (Blood) balgami (phlegm), safra (yellow vibrating or stimulating the external soft part of body with
bile), and sauda (black bile) was put forward by Hippocrate rough cloth or soft cloth or hands with or with medicated oils,
(460-370 BC). Any change in quality and quantity of humours creams, ointment. Different types [1, 2, 3] of dalak are given
changes the state of health [1]. Tadbeer mean regime or below:
“systemic plan” and Ilaj mean” treatment” meaning treatment 1. Dalak-e-layyin (soft massage) is sedative and makes body
with systemic plan. Old nomenclature of Ilaj-bil-tadbeer is relax.
Molijat-e-khosusi, Aim of regimes are ment for Istifraagh-e- 2. Dalak-e-sulab (Hard massage) for muffatheh-e-suda.
akhlaat-e radiya (evacuation of morbid humour) from body [2]. 3. Dalak-e-kaseer (prolonged massage) reduces body fats.
Ibn-e- sina known Unani scholar mentioned in his book Canon 4. Dalak-e-moatadil (moderate massage) Improves and
of medicine that there are 36 regimental therapies, some are maintain blood circulation of particular organ.
Fasad (venesection), Hijamat (cupping), Idraar-e-bul Purpose of dalak is Imala (diversion of material), dissolution
(diuresis), Tareeq ( sweating), Ishaal (purgation), Hamam of riyah-e-ghaleez (morbid gases), to relieve pain, to make
(Turkish bath), Dalak (massage), Kai (cauterization), body firm, to eliminate Mizaj-e-barida (cold temperament)
Qai(emesis), Riyazat (exercise), Taleeq (leeching), Huqna from body. Massage should be avoided after meals or empty
(enema), Inkebaab (inhalation), Tanfees (expectoration), stomach it is advisable during morning hours or during
Eilam (counter irritant), Aabzan (hydration therapy), Zimaad a evening 3-4 hours after meals. Timing of massage varies
tila(ointment and liniment), Natool (irrigation). Due to their depending on the weather like in mausam-e-rabee (spring
negligible adverse effect the special regimen are applied to season) and mausam-e-khareef (Autum) massage is advisable
treat the illness and to maintain good health [2, 3, 4]. at noon, in mausam-e-saif (summer) and mausam-e-shitta
(winter) massage timing is morning and afternoon respectively
[3, 4, 14]
2. Massage .
Dalak Is widely practiced method used for prevention,
restoration and all therapeutic purpose. According to 3. Fasad (Venesection)
Hippocrate (460BC-370BC) mentioned that massage, In this procedure body humours and temperament are
exercise, balanced diet, fresh air, rest are essential for corrected by elimination of morbid material from body
maintenance for health. According to Ibni Rushed, massage is (Tanqiya-e-mawad) for restoration and preservation of health.
a type of exercise for removal of toxins or waste metabolites Venesection or bloodletting can be carried out in vein or
from the body and is very important regimen for neurological artery, but rarely carried out in artery. Fasad is beneficial for

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International Journal of Medicine Research

various disorders like Waja-ul-mafasil (Rheumatoid arthritis), 5.2 Other types of exercise are:
Waja-e-Qalab (Angina pectoris), Niqras (gout), Zaat-ur- A. Riyazat-i-Zatiya (Khalisa)
Riya(pneumonia), Irqun Nisa (sciatica), sarsaam (meningitis), B. Riyazat-i-A’arziya (Gair Iridi).
Daval (varicocele), Warm-e-khasiya (orchitis), Ilthaab-i- a. Riyazat-I-A’arziya: It is a passive exercise, means
kuliya (Nephritis), Amraaz-e-kabid (Hepatic disease), Azm-e- exercise process is unintentionally duringoccupational
tahaal (splenomegaly). Fasad should be performed in aseptic activities like Iron smith.
conditions and should be avoided in two extremes of age i.e. b. Riyazat-i-Zatiya (Khalisa): It is an active exercise to
after 70 and before 14 years of age. Fasad is not advisable in gain its benefits which is further divided according to
febrile conditions, extremely cold and hot climate, after meals, strength, duration and mode of exercise.
during pregnancy, anemia, obesity, during diarrhea and any
acute abdominal conditions [1, 2, 11]. 5.3 Classification of Riyazat-i-Zatiya
1. According to strength three types:
4. Hijama (Cupping) a. Riyazat-i-Qaviya shaded (strenuous exercise).
Cupping has 5000 year old history and is widely practiced b. Riyazat-i-Motadil (Moderate exercise).
across the globe, aim is to treat the chronic and intractable c. Riyazat-i-Zaeefa (Mild exercise).
ailments. In this method specially designed cups are applied 2. According to duration:
and suction is created with or without bloodletting. Some a. Riyazat-i-Kaseera (prolonged exercise).
changes occur at the site of cupping like increase in blood b. Riyazat-i-Motadil (moderate duration exercise).
circulation and vascular dilation so to get rid of impure blood. c. Riyazat-i-Qaleela (short duration exercise).
Site of cupping is related to indication and condition of the 3. According to strength and Sura’at :
patient and best time for cupping is morning hours, but Al- a. Riyazat-i-Hasheeha (fast and strenuous exercise).
Mashie stated that afternoon is better time for cupping. Both b. Riyazat-i-Motadil (Moderate and strenuous exercise).
types of cupping is not advisable in begging and end of every c. Riyazat-i-Mutarakhiya (slow and strenuous exercise).
lunar month [2, 13].
5.4 Effect of Riyazat
4.1 Types of Hijama (Cupping) are (a) Riyazat has important role in maintaining health and
a. Dry cupping (cupping without scarification) or (Hijama- minimize the chance of ailment. (b) It inhibits the
bila-shurt) or (Hijamat Jaffa). accumulation of morbid material in body and help in tahleel of
b. (B) Wet Cupping (cupping with scarification) or (Hijama- toxins. (c) Riyazat protects the body from gair maadi and
bil-shurt) or (Hijamat rataba) or (Hijamat damiya). maadi disease. (e) Removal of waste products from body
through natural routes. (f) Stimulation of hararate gharizia. (g)
In dry Cupping cups are applied at cupping point and negative Strengthening of Quwate Dafia (power of evacuation) and
pressure is created without bloodletting, negative pressure in Quwate Hazima (power of digestion) [2, 3, 4, 9].
cup cause skin and superficial layer drawn lightly into the cup
[16, 13]
. 5.5 Hidayate Riyazat
In wet Cupping under all aseptic precaution superficial and According to age, occupation, temperament, timing and body
deep incision are given on surface of body proposed for conditions riyazat is advised which are as follows:
cupping, cups are applied and blood is sucked from capillaries (a) Urinary bladder and intestines should be empty before
and drawn into the cups. Around 20 ounces of bloodletting riyazat. (b) In summer and winter seasons, there should be
can be done at a site of cupping. Both types of cupping light diet (lateef ghiza) and heavy diet (thouse ghiza) during
Hijama-bil-shurt and Hijama-bila-shurt are indicated in riyazat respectively. (c) In case of excess burudat, yubusat and
following condition like: headache, sciatica, gout, pain in hararat exercise is not advisable. (e) Morning hours are best
knees, back pain, ankylosing spondylitis, migraine, time for exercise. (f) Riyazat should be avoided in two states
hemorrhoids, trigeminal neuralgia, etc [1, 2, 15]. that is, during empty and full stomach. (g) Riyazat should be
stopped gradually not at once. (h) Person should continue his
5. Riyazat (Exercise) or her Riyazat till body movements are performed easily and
Exercise has great significance for maintaining of good health shinny skin is apparent (i) If skin color goes dull or pale,
and for treating some diseases. Ibni sina states that person felling of fatigue or swelling of organs then riyazat should be
doing regular exercise will be safe from causation of humoral stopped immediately [1, 2, 5].
and temperamental disturbances which occur in body. There
are different ways and modes of exercise, depending on the 6. Leeching (Irsale Alaq) /(Hirudotherapy)
conditions, person can adopt different modes of Riyazat like It is a method in which leech are used for withdrawal of blood
wrestling, boxing, running, brisk walking, riding, jumping, from body. Leech were used in ancient Egypt times
fencing, swimming, jumping, pulling of chain etc [1, 2]. (3500years ago) for blood-letting purpose. Leech are
Carnivorous an annelid worm and are found all over world.
5.1 Types of exercise Leech used for therapeutic purpose are thin with small head
A. Riyazat-i-Juziya / Incomplete exercise. and round like rats tale and are found in moist places where
B. Riyazat-i-Haqeeqi / Kulli /Complete exercise. Frogs are present. Black, grey and large headed leeches are

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poisonous. Ibni sina mentioned one day prior to procedure 8. Nutool (Irrigation)
leeches should be collected [1, 2]. Natool is ancient Unani therapy, refers to continuous pouring
or dripping of medicated oil or decoction of herbs over
6.1 Mechanism of action different parts of body surface for a particular period of time.
Leech therapy work on Tanqiya mawaad means evacuation of Soothening warmth of oil allows the body, mind and nervous
morbid material and Imala mawaad means diversion of system to experience a state of rest. This procedure is carried
morbid material from body tissues. Saliva of leech has out fortnight or daily basis for particular period to achieve
musakin (sedative) and Muhalil (anti-inflammatory) action. results. Ibni sina states that natool is best treatment for
About 100 pharmacological active substances have been resolution of inflammation or altered body temperament.
found in saliva of leech, it includes anticoagulants, histamine, Natool is applied commonly for treatment of compromised
analgesic compounds. nervous system and can help to relieve symptoms of anxiety,
pain, depression, hypertension and nervousness [1, 3]. Term
6.2 Indication of leeching Sukoob is used synonymously with nutool, difference between
Chronic skin disease, Gynecological disorders, musculoskeletal sukoob and nutool is the distance from where medicated oil or
diseases, eye diseases like, Jarabul Ajfaain (blephiritis), water is poured, if dripped from close distance it is called
Dawali (varicose veins), warm (inflammation), Darde pindali sukoob and if distance is more it is termed as nutool,
(calf muscle pain), Daaul feel ( Elephantiasis), Qooba (ring procedure is done in supine position and proposed area should
worm), Baras (vitiligo), Waja-ul-mafaasil (rheumatoid arthritis), kept uncovered. At particular temperature warm medicated
Bawaseer (piles), Warm halaq (pharyngitis), Malankhoolia liquid is poured manually or with apparatus for about 20-45
(Mania), Tajaweful Anaf(sinusitis) etc [1,2, 10, 7]. minutes at variable height. If natool is done over forehead,
eyes should be covered by sterile gauze to prevent the spilling
6.3 Contraindications for leeching: of eyes from liquid. For body strengthening purpose nutool is
Blood disorders like hemophilia, pregnancy, severe anemia, initially done with warm drugs followed by cold nutool and in
hypotension, fatigue, immunocomprised patients, fear full case of inflammation nutool is done by cold drugs followed by
patients, pregnancy. warm drug nutool.

6.4 Adverse effect of leeching 8.1 Indication of natool

Local pain and itching, allergies, sepsis, vasovagal attack, This therapy is useful in treating various body ailments like
transmission of infectious diseases, slight fever [1, 4]. CNS disordersl like (headache, amnesia, melancholia,
epilepsy), joint problems, sleeplessness, sinusitis, cystitis,
7. Purgation (Ishaal) vertigo etc [1, 2, 6].
Ishaal is very essential tadbeer of excreting out of morbid
material i.e. Istifraagh Khilt. Purgative action of advia 9. Ta’areeq (Diaphoresis / sweating)
excretes the maada from vessels, deep and distal organs of Ta’areeq is one of the unique regimental therapies and is
body. Ishal work in three stages (a) Haijane maraz-Maraz applied to emit toxic moisture through skin pores and is
become exaggerated (b) Umoome maraz-maada spread commonly indicated for lowering body temperature (Taqlee-e-
through the body.(c) Takhfeefe maraz- maada excrete from haraarat), cleaning and evacuation of morbid material from
body by action of purgative. Usually Nujz is given before blood (Tanqiya-e-khoon). Abzan, massage, bathing with Luke
giving purgative so that morbid material will be out of body warm water, keeping patient in room and blowing hot air,
properly [1, 2, 3]. inhalation (baphara), all methods are applied to accelerate the
secretion of skin sweat glands and is natural means of
7.1 Mechanism of action of Ishaal excretion of body waste.
(a) Few kind of botanicals cause ishaal by stimulating nerves.
(b) Some purgatives cause watery stools by interfering with 9.1 Aim of Diaphoresis
water absorption by villus of intestines. (c) Some purgatives (a) To cure disease like catarrh, nazla. (b) For maintaining
absorb morbid material from vessels and excrete from body temperature by reduction of Haraarat-e-mufrit. (c) To
intestine. (d) Some purgatives cause irritation of intestinal provide nutrition to skin and enhancement of body texture. (d)
mucous membrane causing Ishaal. To treat different body ailment like, uremia and ascitis. (e)
Mawaad-e-faasida excretion from skin and blood. (f)
7.2 Timing for purgation Purification of blood. (g) To cure skin diseases like
Purgation should be avoided in both hot and cold leucoderma, eczema [1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 12].
temperament, Rabee and khareef are favorable seasons for
purgation, and during rabee season strong purgation is avoided 10. Hamam (Bathing)
contrary to it strong purgation is given during khareef season. Hamam is not included Asbab-e sata-zurria, but is commonly
Used regimental therapy. There are different types of bath like
7.3 Contraindication of purgatives cold bath, sea bath, vapour bath, electric bath, borax bath,
Purgation is avoided in weak and obese persons. Avoided in graduated bath, Turkish bath, acid bath(sodium bicarbonate is
two extremes of age i.e., above age 60 years and below age of added in Luke warm water), sand bath, medicated bath,
14 years [1, 5, 7, 9]. mustard bath, astringent bath, foot bath, and sun bath, among

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all baths cold, Turkish and sun bath are opted globally. In like mouth, nose or anus then pass the cauterization
normal and healthy person cold bath (Gusal-e barid) is instrument through catheter to Kai the specific site of organ.
preferable and hot bath is usually applied for cure of disease. Ibni-sina states in Al-canon that catheter (qalib) should be
This therapy (Turkish bath) involves series of water based applied with abrak and gaeru dipped in vinegar, followed by
treatment for body cleaning [1, 4]. To achieve good result wrapping with cloth and chilled with gulab khoora, then apply
patient is allowed to sweating in steam bath for 20 minutes to the area of cauterization. In modern surgeries Amal-e-kai is
followed by shifting of patient to massage room for massage used to stop hemorrhage or to seal blood vessels and is
therapy for specific duration, then patient enter in hamam frequently used to remove warts, moles, cancerous growth and
room where patient is supposed to sit in tub filled with fallopian tubes are served with electro-cautrey to achieve
medicated water of herbs for particular duration, if person female sterility. Razi in Al-hawi states that Kai is not
feels restlessness then procedure is stopped. Finally patient is advisable in extreme hot and cold weather, Jalinoos states that
moved to normal room for relax and is kept under observation gold is best for cautery as it heals rapidly and there is not
for 15-20 minute for recording vitals parameters [1, 3, 10]. blister formation [1, 3, 4].

10.1 Rules for Hamam 12.1 Types of Kai

(a) Hamam should be avoided in empty stomach and is strictly A. Kai –bil-Naar: Kai is done by using fire.
prohibited in persons having safravi mijaz, during pregnancy, B. Kai-bil-Hadeed: Kai is achieved by applying heated iron.
fever and asthenia. (b) It is advised 3 hrs after taking meals. C. Kai-bil-Dawa: Kai by caustic drugs (weak acids and strong
(c) Temperature of water used for hamam-i- har (hot bath) alkali).
should be between 92-97 ͦF and for Turkish bath temperature
should be 130 ͦF. (d) Prolong stay in hamam should be 12.2 Indication of Kai
avoided, as it causes restlessness. Derangement of phalgm maada like paralysis, melancholia,
depression, epilepsy, migraine, recurrent cold. Musculoskeletal
10.2 Indication of Hamam disorders like coxalgia, backache, sciatica. Hemorrhages such
Skin diseases, kidney diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, as epistaxis, vascular bleeding, other conditions like Non
sciatica, splenomegaly, and stomach problems, cervical and healing ulcers, gangrene, moles, polyps, skin out growth, piles
lumbar spondylitis, CNS disorders like paralysis, muscle etc [1, 2, 8, 10].
wasting. Aim of Hamam:(a) excess perspiration result in
resolving of waste matter.(b) To reduce the viscosity of 13. Eilam (Counter Irritant)
humours.(c) To improve the quality of health. (d) To eliminate This technique / therapy produce relief in pain, irritation and
waste products through skin. For pain relief like in spondylitis burning sensation. It also reduces inflammation and swelling.
[1, 2]
. Herbs used for this process result in vessel dilation and
increase in blood circulation and nerve end stimulation. Other
11. Qai (emesis or theurapeutic vomiting) forms of eilam are Massage, bandaging a specific part of
Is induced expulsion of gastric contents of stomach through body, to apply electric current. Eilam is indicated in following
Mouth. Aim of Qai is to eliminate the morbid material from conditions like syncope, paralysis, depressed function of lungs
GIT. Qai is ancient Unani method for treating body ailments, or heart and narcotic toxicity [1, 3, 10].
drugs used for Qai is called emetics (Muqiyat). Muqiyat
works by stimulating stomach or vomiting center or causes 14. Huqna (Enema /Clystr)
reverse peristalsis [1, 4, 7]. This is one of the known type of regimental therapies, in this
method medicated preparation are introduced in lower part of
11.1 Rules for Qai large intestine per rectum by instrument so to get superfluities
One day prior to Qai, light diet like Khidi is advised. Before out from stomach and intestine(1). For huqna medical
vomiting is induced exercise is beneficial so to produce haijan preparation like sesame oil is commonly used and is safest
in body humours. Qai is avoided in extreme hot and cold method for excretion of deranged humours and waste material
temperament, weak patients, pregnancy. It is not applicable from intestine. Aim of huqna is to get rid from morbid
for children of less than 14 years and after 60 year and person material and it help in the resolution of inflammatory
residing in those countries where weather is too hot or cold. condition of organs. Huqna is avoided in extreme hot and cold
Qai should be avoided in those persons who are not habitual weather, and in those persons having hot or cold temperament,
of Qai therapy. It is strictly avoided in patient with rectal and during pregnancy, fever and in weak persons [2, 3, 4].
uterine prolapsed or weak perineum. Best season for Qai is
mosum-i-garma (summer) and mosum-i-bahar (spring) and 14.1 Indication of Huqna
afternoon timing is best time aml-i-qai [1, 2, 3, 10]. Arthritis, gout, headache, muscular spasm constipation,
chronic fever, backache, sciatica, distention of stomach [1, 16].
12. Kai (Cauterization)
Kai is one of mode of regimental therapies in ancient Unani 15. Takmeed (Fomentation)
practice and is least practiced due to perception of pain and Takmeed is a therapeutic application of moisture and warmth
other side effect. Kai is application of hot or caustic drugs to relieve pain and stiffness it also keeps the body and parts of
over affected site for treatment purpose. Razi in his famous body warm. A poultice used for fomentation is made up of
book Al-Hawi stated that insert the catheter in hollow organ 50% blanket and 50% cotton stuff, so to retain heat and

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International Journal of Medicine Research

moisture respectively. Physiologically fomentation increases 18. Abzan (Sitz Bath)

the blood circulation, promotes the circulating WBC, reflexly Is cheapest, simplest and non-invasive method of regimental
relives the pain, promotes perspiration, stimulates or sedate as therapy. In this kind of bath only hips are immersed in plain or
per the application of temperature. Application of medicated water, level of water should not be above naval,
Fomentation is different for different sites of body parts. sometimes full body is immersed up to shoulders. This
Types of fomentation (a) Dry fomentation (b) Wet therapy is very common and is used to relive pain and
fomentation (c) Hot fomentation (d) Cold fomentation [1, 3, 10]. discomfort of lower and upper limbs. In famous book Kamil-
us-Sana, Ali-i-bni-Abbas majoosi, states that at time of
15.1 Hot fomentation parturition female is advised to take abzan har. Ibn-i-sina
In this method folded towel dipped and squeezed from hot mentioned in Al-canon that female with usr-e-wiladat is
water or made it hot by steaming and is applied over proposed advised to take abzan har [1, 2, 3].
site of body surface.
18.1 Types of Abzan
15.2 Wet fomentation a) Abzan har: temperature of water should be between 95-
Water is boiled with analgesic and anti-inflammatory herbs 105ͦ F
followed by dipping of towel in it and is applied the specific b) Abzan barid: Cold water is used in this type, to manage
body surface and patient gets immediate relief. chronic pain trauma, injury and edema.
c) Abzan motadil: temperature of water should be neutral,
15.3 Dry fomentation patient with diabetic neuropathy can use this type of abzan
In this method animal bladder is filled with hot water followed very safely.
by application over proposed site. d) Aabzan Murakab: Is alternate hot and cold sitz bath, that is
alternate cycle of har abzan for five minutes fallowed by
15.4 Cold fomentation barid abzan one minutes, this type has smoothening effect.
Squeezing the towel from ice water and is applied over body
surface. 18.2 Effect of Abzan
Vasodilatation, increase capillary permeability, increase blood
15.5 Aim of fomentation flow, increase metabolism, nerve end stimulation.
To enhance the diffusion of massage lotion via body surface,
to get relieve from generalized and localized pain, to get relief 18.3 Indication
from inflammatory conditions like joint pain, neurotic pain. Hemorrhoids, rectal prolapsed, uterine prolapsed,
Other conditions like chest congestion, insomnia, trauma, oligomenorrhoea, hysteria, dysentery, cystitis, uterine cramps,
injury etc [1, 10, 16]. vaginitis, IBS and Prostitis.

16. Idrar-E-Baul (Diuresis) 18.4 Contraindication

Is increase in production of urine, this therapy is used in Open wound, pressure sores, acute fever, skin infection,
regimental therapy for excretion and evacuation of toxic seizures, Reynaud’s disease, acute hemorrhagic state, diabetic
products of body through urine. To achieve diuresis specific neuropathy [1, 10, 12, 16].
diuretic herbs are used.
19. Imala (Diversion of Morbid Material)
16.1 Objective of Diuresis Diversion of morbid material from one site to another site of
For purification of blood, elimination of deranged humours, to body is called Imala mawaad. In this therapy diversion of
excrete toxic matter from body, if morbid material retains in matter flow to opposite side resulting in reduction of
body despite of purgation and venesecton therapy then congestion gradually in natural way. This method has
diuretic medicine can be given to get rid of retained toxins. significant role in hyperemia (Imala-e-damvi) and other
disorders of human body.
16.2 Indication
To treat pulmonary and renal ailments, ascitis, paralysis, 20. Aim of Imala (Diversion of morbid material)
rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory condition of liver, (a) To subside inflammatory disorders like swelling, tumors
nephrolithiasis [1, 2, 5]. and lipoma.(b) Absorbs fluid which is accumulated in cavities
and hypodermic spaces. (c) To relieve neurological symptoms
17. Zimaad/ Tila (Medicated Paste/Liniments) like burning sensation, pain and nerve irritability.(d) To cure
Tila: is a type of medicated oil used externally for massage of moles, flariasis, meningitis, pneumonia and ring worm [1, 2, 10].
body parts, it is lesser in viscosity then lotion.
Zimaad: It is a semisolid medicated preparation of botanicals 21. Conclusion
used for local application over body surface. Both zimaad and Ilaj-bil- Tadbeer has significant role in maintaining the health
tila has significant use in regimental therapy. of a human being, due to its negligible side effects it is gaining
Indication of zimaad and tila: To cure inflammation and popularity globally. Basic principal of Unani system was put
swelling, headache, arthritis, chest pain. To cure swelling of forward by Hippocrate. Hippocrate states that derangement of
body organs e.g. swelling of liver, stomach and spleen [10, 16]. four body humours are responsible for causation of disease

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and regimental therapies have vital role in evacuation of

morbid material out of the body and normal health is restored.
Leeching, venesection, enema, cupping, massage, exercise
fomentation, and Turkish bath are very popular regimes,
among 36 regimental therapies mentioned by Ibn-i-sina and
can be used independently or without medicines. All above
mentioned regimental therapies have significant role in
prevention of disease and delays degenerative changes in
addition to their therapeutic uses.

22. References
1. Hakeem Abdul Mubeen Khan. Ilaj-Bil-Tadbeer, Noor
kada Publishers,Vidiya Nagri Marg Mumbai. 2008;
400098:5-72.
2. The General Principals of Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine
by Mazhar H, Published by Idarar Kitab-ul-Shifa, New
Delhi. 2007: 220-245.
3. Firdous-ul-Hikmat. Urdu Translation Idarar Kitab-ul-
Shifa, Kucha Chelan, New Delhi, 2010.
4. Sena I. Al Qanoonfit-Tib (Urdu Translation by Kantoori
GH).Vol-1.New Delhi: Ejaz Publication House; 201:80-
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