Practical Research 2: The Research Title and Its Background

NIRojasSY2020-2021
rojasnick525@gmail.com
09555683029
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Name: __________________________________ Grade Level: ______________
Date: ___________________________________ Score: __________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

The Research Title and Its Background
Background Information
Have you ever speculated how a research title or a research problem was
formulated? How to established the background of the study in a scholarly manner?
How do you determine the limitations of the study? And a lot more to enumerate about
how to develop of a study (preliminaries). Do you have sufficient and accurate
information regarding the development of a research problem and its background?
How do you start making a research manuscript, to be specific?
All of these queries will be enlightened, as you pursue with your learning journey
on the concept: ‘The Research Problem and Its Background.’ You are given two (2)
weeks to undergo with this learning activity sheet, and you are tasked to complete
eleven (11) interesting performance tasks that may surely enhance your skills in
writing research title and its appropriate research problems.
The first week shall be mainly focusing on determining research topics;

developing the research problem and title; and developing the research background
with four (7) learning activities. The second week contains concept on problem
statement; stating the research questions; and indicating the scope and delimitation
of the study with four (4) learning activities.
Learning Competency:
At the end of your learning venture, you should be able to enthrall and
comprehend the following:
1. Design a research useful in daily life;
2. Writes a research title;
3. Describe background of research;
4. State the research questions;
5. Indicate the scope and delimitation of the study; and
6. Present written statement of the problem.
(CS_RS12-Id-e-1-7, Quarter 1, Week 4-5)
Objective/s:
1. Identify research topic/s relevant to the learner’s chosen strand/trach;
2. Develop an appropriate research title;
3. Craft the main problem statement and enumerate specific research questions;
4. Determine the coverage and limitation of the study;
5. Identify some related concepts to substantiate the background of the study; and
6. Put into practice the lessons acquired from this learning module.
Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)
“Research is what I’m doing when I don’t know what I’m doing”
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
LET’S RECALL
It’s nice to see you again! Once more, I am teacher Nick.

I know that you already have exercises on problem statement
in your Practical Research 1 class, however, let’s enrich your
knowledge with quantitative approaches.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Oops…Before you continue, please finish this exercise,
which shall serve as the pre-assessment for this learning
module. Good luck!
A. Directions (Matching Type):

Match Column A with Column B. Items in Column A pertain to basic concepts
designing a research, choose the best letter from Column B that would best define the
said concepts in Column A. Write your answers in the spaces provided before each
item.
Answers Column A Column B

1. Background A. This is usually presented by a paradigm
of the Study showing the interplay between and among the
research variables. It is considered as the
blueprint of the study.
2. Operational B. One of the main concepts of the research,
Definition of which is considered as the effect variable.
Terms
3. Conceptual C. This includes discussions of the selected
Framework research variables in terms of how they are
being used in the study.
4. Research D. This includes discussions of theories, facts,
Problem concepts and empirical knowledge surfacing
the foundation of the study.
5. Secondary E. One of the main concepts of the research,
Source which is considered as the cause variable.
6. Primary F. It states the main objectives of the study.
Source
7. Delimitation G. This involves group of people, who may take
advantage on the findings of the study.
8. Beneficiaries H. Sources of data are derived from direct
observation.
9. Independent I. The processes involved in narrowing the
Variable scope of the study.
10. Dependent J. Sources of data may be derived from books,
Variable internet search and others.
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
B. Directions (Multiple Choice):
Select the best letter of your choice in each of the following items. Write the letter of
your choice in space provided in each item.
_______11. Marvin is studying on the perceived cookery practices among Grade 10
students. Which statement best describe the factors affecting their perceived
cookery practices?
A. The lack of the laboratory room and place to conduct cookery class is not
evident.
B. The respondents believe that their problems and issues is limited knowledge
on measurement and interpretation of data.
C. The lack of book and teacher guide in Cookery.
D. All of the above
_______12. Which of the following research titles best describe the study on
“Problems and Issues of Grade 11 Students in UCSC”?
A. Problems and Issues of Grade 11 Students in UCSC
B. Problems and Issues as Perceived by Grade 11 Students in UCSC
C. Perceived Factors of Grade 11 Students in UCSC
D. All of the above
_______13. Which of the following statements best describe statement of the problem
in question #2?
A. What is perceived problems and issues of Grade 11 Students in UCSC?
B. What are the factors and issues of Grade 11 Students in UCSC?
C. What is the problems in UCSC?
D. What are the issues in UCSC?
_______14. Which of the following is TRUE about research title and its usefulness in
the daily life?
A. An existing problem in the classroom can be considered as research study.
B. The research title must summarize the main idea of the study.
C. The research title must contain the main idea and supported by its sub idea.
D. The research title must cite relevant past researchers.
_______15. Online selling is a broad topic, which of the following statement best
describe specific title?
A. The nature of online selling in the Philippines
B. The Ups and downs of selling online by SME entrepreneurs.
C. Letter A only
D. None of the above
_______16. Bien was assigned on Theater Arts and how it may influence the country’s
economic status. He wanted to know your opinion on what specific title he may
adopt?
A. Assessment of the Theater Arts of the Philippines: Its Economic Effect in
the Country.
B. The Relationship of Stage Actors and the Film Actors in Performing Theater
Arts.
C. The Theater Arts of the Philippines: Assessment and Impact Towards the
Lives of Marginalize of the Community.
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
_______17. Kenji wanted to determine the ideas of his students about Teleseryes
and its impact to our present values, what title best relates in his study?
A. Teleseryes: Mirrors of Positive and Negative Filipino Values?
B. Teleseryes: Social effects on the lives of the viewers
C. Teleseryes of the Past, Present and the Future: Mirror of Filipino Values
For items #18-20. Carefully read the condition below.
Poverty has been considered a major problem of society since time
immemorial. Poverty exists when a person lacks the basic necessities for living such
as food, shelter, and other survival needs.
Traditional social protection programs have been implemented for years and
each government is still searching for a better approach of eradicating poverty. Part of
this continuing search, a poverty reduction strategy similar to that of Latin America,
which aims at breaking intergenerational transmission through the 4Ps of DSWD.
This study is to assess the outcome of the conditional cash transfer, 4P’s being
administered by the government under the DSWD, through human capital investment,
towards greater aim of poverty alleviation that reduces intergenerational transmission
of poverty.
_______18. What is all about the article describe?

A. Poverty alleviation as a major problem of the society.
B. The 4Ps program of the DSWD
C. Social protection program of the DSWD
D. All of the above
_______19. Which of the following best describe the main objective of the study?
A. Assess the outcome of the conditional cash transfer program being
administered by the government under the DSWD.
B. Assess the intervention of the government about the conditional cash
transfer program
C. Assess the beneficiaries of the cash transfer program towards their lives.
_______20. Which of the following best describe the background of the study?
A. Poverty as considered major problem of the society.
B. Poverty experiences of individual such as food, shelter and other survival
needs.
C. Poverty reduction introducing 4Ps program of the DSWD
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
ACTIVITY #1: DESCRIBE A CONCEPT
You were already provided with some information on
the purpose of conducting a research. I hope by this time; you
already have something in mind for your own research
manuscript. Please continue with your learning tasks.
Directions:
Put a check under the column of the right descriptive word for each item and write your
brief description (justification) about this topic on the last column (labeled as Remarks).
Controversial Vague Narrow Technical Broad Hard Remarks
Research Topics -to-
Investigate
Example: Cases of Interesting
Covid19 in Nueva / - / / - - topic but,
it’s a
Vizcaya delicate
issue.
1. Common Health
Problems of the
Gaddang Farmers
2. Analysis of
Selected Isinay
Words and their
Cultural Implications
3. The Rise and Fall
of All Kings and
Queens
4. Advantages and
Disadvantages of
Social Media
5. Learning
Modalities to be Used
during the Covid19
Pandemic
6. Mathematics and
Language Anxieties
of SHS Students
7. The Extent of
Filipinos’ Faith in God
8. Ethical
Considerations of
Genetically Mutated
Products
9. Acceptability of
‘Dippeg” as
Substitute Ingredient
for Leche Flan
10. Common
Household Needs
being Considered by
Mothers in Grocery
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
LESSON A: THE RESEARCH TITLE
Hello once again! Do you know the difference

between a research title and a research problem? These two
(2) may confuse you, but somehow, there is a difference
between them, even though most of the times they are being
used interchangeably. Let’s take a look at this…
THE PURPOSE OF CONDUCTING A RESEARCH
Figure 1. Why do we
conduct research?
(Waymire, 2013)
Research must serve and function as one or more of the subsequent tenacities as
presented by Waymire (2013).:
1. To advance some area of scientific knowledge; to dent some other area of scientific
knowledge.
2. Because the researchers are really concerned and interested in that area of
knowledge, think it’s interesting, cool, or even valuable and practical for humanity.
3. Because the researcher enjoys the people in that community of researchers and
wants to be all over the place for them.
4. Because doing research is a good cause to do other things the researcher likes,
such as wayfaring to bizarre locations, trekking around in the forest observing for
snails, or digging up ceramic and artifacts in the desert.
5. To obtain consciousness and experience essential to be a better professional
academic teacher.
6. To get knowledge indispensable to develop a merchandise, to sell it, to make money,
or whatsoever that’s in turn good for…
7. To make a name/reputation for the distinctive and special concepts and approaches
used in your own professional community. To lead the world to think your approach
is genuine and authentic, worth public notice.
8. To accrue “evidence” that a certain product is effective and operational or on the
other hand, possibly injurious.
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
ACTIVITY #2: NARROWING A CONCEPT

The activity enables you to run-through your research
skills in terms of using ‘inquiry’ to analyze and understand
existence of phenomena, which everyone should possess in
order to deal with life and changes. The next activity requires
you to explain the features of practical research. Keep going!
A. Directions (Ranking):
Check the title that appears to be the best in terms of narrowing down a broad topic.
Rank them according to the most narrowed topic as 1 and 5 as the broadest topic.
Write your answers on the spaces provided in each item.
1. Topic: Covid19
_______A. The Covid19 Pandemic
_______B. History of Covid19
_______C. Origin of Covid19
_______D. Cases of Covid19 in the Philippines
_______E. Health-Seeking Behavior of Covid19 Patients
2. Topic: Personality
_______A. Man’s Personality
_______B. The Right Lobe of the Brain
_______C. The Five Aspects of Personality
_______D. The Intellectual Aspect of a Person
_______ E. Brain Components
3. Topic: Literature
_______A. Prose and Poetry
_______B. Fiction
_______C. The Legend of Mayon Volcano
_______D. Philippine Literature
_______E. Legends
4. Topic: Marriage
_______A. Advantages and Disadvantages of Teenage Marriage
_______B. Teenage marriage
_______C. The Advantages of Early Marriage
_______D. Marriage
_______E. Human Relationships
5. Topic: Kalanguya Tribe

_______A. The Kalanguya Tribe in the Philippines
_______B. The Kalanguya Tribe in Kayapa, Nueva Vizcaya
_______C. The Indigenous People’s Culture
_______D. Kalanguya Fashion and Clothes
_______E. Hakbat – A Kalanguya Native Attire
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
B. Directions (Narrowing):
Narrow down each of the following general subjects to make it a good research topic.
Write your answers on the spaces provided in each item. Pick the specific topic
appropriate for your strand/track.
1. FOR STEM Students: BIOLOGY
NARROWED: _______________________________________________
Narrowed further: _______________________________________________
2. FOR ABM Students: BUSINESS
NARROWED: _______________________________________________
3. FOR HUMSS Students: SOCIOLOGY
NARROWED: _______________________________________________
Certainly, the preceded learning activities have enhanced your

techniques in simplifying a concept, which you will be needing in the
formulation of your research problems and research title.
By description, the research title recapitulates the chief idea/s,
concept/s or variable/s of your study. A good and
considerable title encompasses the fewest possible words that sufficiently
describe the substances and/or purpose of your research paper
Meanwhile, a research problem is a declaration about an area of
concern, a situation to be upgraded, a trouble to be eradicated, or a
disconcerting question that exists in academic and scholarly literature, in
theory, or in practice that points to the need for meaningful understanding and
careful investigation.
Please keep moving on your journey…
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
B. DEVELOPING THE RESEARCH TITLE
For you to develop your research title, you should be
familiar with the different kinds of research variables. You
were introduced to this concept in the learning activity sheet
for “Nature of Inquiry and Quantitative Research”. Hence,
evaluate the steps on how to craft your research title as you
continue with your learning journey.
WRITING THE RESEARCH TITILE

The research title is without uncertainty the portion of a paper that is read
the most, and it is commonly read first. If the title is too long, it characteristically
encloses too many unnecessary and excessive words, e.g., "An Inquiry on the
Association...." On the other hand, a title which is too short and squat, it frequently
uses words which are too universal. For example, "Philippine Tourism Industry"
could be the title of a book, but it does not deliver any evidence on the emphasis of
a research paper (Balch, 2012).
The introductory purpose of a title is to capture the reader’s attention and to
pull his or her attention to the research problem being explored. Thus, the working
title should be established primary in the research method because it can help
anchor the importance of the study like in research problem. Indicating back to the
working title, it can help you reorient yourself back to the chief drive of the study.
As presented by Balch (2012), the following strictures can be used to help
you formulate a proper research paper title: (1) The purpose of the research; (2)
The narrative and historical tone of the paper (typically defined by the type of the
research); and (3) The methods being used.
Bustos (2016), on the other hand, presented five (5) key important
elements of the research title. This included the following: aim (the purpose); topic
(research variables); place (research setting); period (time-frame for completion of
the study); and population (target participants/respondents).
Figure 2. Research Proposal

Writing Model
Retrieved from Mextipedia
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
EXAMPLE ACTIVITIES IN DEVELOPING A RESEARCH TITLE
Figure 3. Research Title Model
SHIELA (2015)
Benchmarking on the presented five (5) key elements of Bustos (2016), the
following examples would help you craft your title (if not, your working title).
Satisfying the said elements:
Aim: To enhance the reading comprehension skills.

Topic: 30-Minute Reading Habit
Place: Nueva Vizcaya General Comprehensive High School
Period: School Year 2020-2021
Population: Grade 12 HUMSS Students
The probable titles may be the following:
1. Imploring 30-Minute Reading Habit to Enhance the Comprehension Skills
of Grade 12 Students in Nueva Vizcaya General Comprehensive High School for
the SY 2019-2020
2. Enhancing the Comprehension Skills of Grade 12 Students in NVGCHS
(spell-out) Through a 30-Minute Reading Habit During the School Year 2020-2021
On the other hand, given the title: “Integration of Biological Concepts in

Teaching Statistics and Probability Through Localized Games Among Selected
Grade 11 Students of NVCGHS (spell-out) for the School Year 2020-2021, we can
determine the elements as:
Aim: Teaching Statistics and Probability

Topic: Integration of Biological Concepts
Place: Nueva Vizcaya General Comprehensive High School
Period: School Year 2020-2021
Population: Selected Grade 11 Students
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
ACTIVITY #3: IDENTIFYING KEY ELEMENTS
Get your pen and start practicing writing the research
title. I am so glad you can follow the steps in developing a
title. Complete the given exercise below and proceed with
your learning journey. Stay inspired!
Directions:
Identify the KEY elements of the following research titles. Write your answers on the
spaces provided in each item. In case, there are no specified answer for a particular
element, write N/A to the corresponding element.
1. Problems Met by Science and Mathematics’ Teachers in Public High Schools in

Nueva Vizcaya for the School Year 2016-2017 to School Year 2019-2020
Aim: ______________________________________________________
Topic: _____________________________________________________
Place: _____________________________________________________
Period: ____________________________________________________
Population: ________________________________________________
2. Relationship of Perceived Stress and Self-Esteem among Grade 12 STEM

Students in Nueva Vizcaya General Comprehensive High School for the School
Year 2019-2020
Aim: ______________________________________________________
Topic: _____________________________________________________
Place: _____________________________________________________
Period: ____________________________________________________
Population: ________________________________________________
3. Impact of the EL Nino to the Lives and Farming Practices the Kalanguya Farmers
in Nueva Vizcaya for the last 10 years
Aim: ______________________________________________________
Topic: _____________________________________________________
Place: _____________________________________________________
Period: ____________________________________________________
Population: ________________________________________________
4. Stress and Coping Mechanisms of Student Athletes of Saint Mary’s University –

Senior High School Department for the School Year 2018-2019
Aim: ______________________________________________________
Topic: _____________________________________________________
Place: _____________________________________________________
Period: ____________________________________________________
Population: ________________________________________________
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
5. Covid19 Prevention Practices among Mothers in the National Capital Region,
Philippines for the Last Three Months of the Current Year
Aim: ______________________________________________________
Topic: _____________________________________________________
Place: _____________________________________________________
Period: ____________________________________________________
Population: ________________________________________________
6. Health Benefits of Organically Grown Vegetables to IP Elders in the Province of
Nueva Vizcaya for the past Five Years
Aim: ______________________________________________________
Topic: _____________________________________________________
Place: _____________________________________________________
Period: ____________________________________________________
Population: ________________________________________________
7. Struggles of Healthcare Practitioners during the Covid19 Pandemic in Metro Manila
Aim: ______________________________________________________
Topic: _____________________________________________________
Place: _____________________________________________________
Period: ____________________________________________________
Population: ________________________________________________
8. Bicolano Fishermen’s Adjustment Mechanisms to the El Nino Phenomenon for the
Last Decade
Aim: ______________________________________________________
Topic: _____________________________________________________
Place: _____________________________________________________
Period: ____________________________________________________
Population: ________________________________________________
9. Characterization of the Different Behaviors of Pre-School LSEN Children Listening
to a Particular Music Genre: The Case in Bayombong Central School (SPED
Center) for the School Year 2017-2018
Aim: ______________________________________________________
Topic: _____________________________________________________
Place: _____________________________________________________
Period: ____________________________________________________
Population: ________________________________________________
10. Behavioral Traits and Business Skills of Balot Vendors in Nueva Vizcaya
Aim: ______________________________________________________
Topic: _____________________________________________________
Place: _____________________________________________________
Period: ____________________________________________________
Population: ________________________________________________
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
TIPS IN DEVELOPING THE RESEARCH TITLE
Crafting the research title may come in varied
techniques, depending on the discretion and writing skills of
the proponent. You may also consider the kinds of variables
to draft the title. The succeeding readings will discuss you
some steps in writing the research title. Keep your spirit of fire!
GUIDELINES IN WRITING A RESEARCH TITLE

Bustos (216) underscored the following features of a good and worthy
research paper title:
(1) Abridges the paper’s content in a few words;
(2) Arrests the readers’ attention; and
(3) Distinguishes the paper from other papers of the same subject area
Basic tips to keep in mind while writing a title:
1.
2. a. Keep it simple, short, and striking:
The chief function of a title is to provide a precise summary of the paper’s
content. So keep the title brief and clear. Use dynamic verbs instead of complex
noun-based phrases, and avoid unnecessary details. Furthermore, a good title for
a research paper is typically around 10-12 words long. A long title may seem
unfocused and take the readers’ attention away from an important point.
b. Avoid: Treatment ABC shows effect on the growth along number and
color of leaves in ‘pechay’ production.
Better: Treatment ABC is an effective growth inducer for ‘pechay’
production.
3.
4. c. Use suitable descriptive words.
5. A good research paper title must contain vital words used in the manuscript
and should define the nature of the study. Think about terms and variables people
would use to search and explore for your study and include them in your title.
d. Avoid: Effects of Drug Z on schizophrenia patients: an analysis of a

multicenter mixed group
Better: Psychosocial properties of drug A on schizophrenia patients: a
multicenter randomized controlled experiment
e. Do not use abbreviations and jargon.

Known abbreviations and acronyms such as AIDS, NATO, and so on can
be used in the title. Nonetheless, other lesser known or definite abbreviations and
jargon that would not be directly familiar to the readers should not be left out.
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
ACTIVITY #4: TITLE MAKING
Let’s reverse the process, the next learning activity will
enable you to look on another details in writing the research title.
Please complete the next activity.
Directions:
Construct titles based on the given elements. Write your answers on the spaces
provided in each item.
1. Topic 1: Teenage Pregnancy
Aim: To determine the causes and effects of teenage
pregnancy
Topic: Teenage Pregnancy
Place: Malabing Valley National High School
Period: In the last 5 years
Population: High School Students
Title:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. Topic 2: Cyberbullying
Aim: To determine the causes of cyberbullying
Topic: Cyberbullying
Place: Nansiakan National High School
Period: S.Y. 2019-2020
Population: Grade VII High School students
Title:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. Topic 3: Computer Literacy
Aim: To determine the level of awareness and practice on
computer
Topic: Computer Awareness and Literacy
Place: Secondary Schools in Bayombong
Period: S.Y. 2019-2020
Population: Senior High School Students
Title:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
ACTIVITY #5: IDENTIFY MY SYNTONYMS!
In developing a research, you should consider an
evidence-based background to establish the need to
conduct the study. Are there underlying theories and
concepts to support your problem? Here’s another learning
task to help you understand the next topic in this module.
Directions:
There are ten (10) general topics enlisted in the table below. Your task is to give at
least two (2) similar terms; and two (2) opposite words for each topic. Write you
answers in the corresponding cells before each item. Note, the terms asked of you are
not necessarily the synonyms and antonyms of the given topics.
No. TOPICS SIMILAR TERMS OPPOSITE TERMS
E.g. Virus a. Covid19 a. Healthy
b. Infection b. Vaccine
1. a. a.
Inclusive Education
b. b.
2. a. a.
Online Selling
b. b.
3. a. a.
Physical Fitness
b. b.
4. a. a.
Language Anxiety
b. b.
5. Academic a. a.
Performance
b. b.
6. a. a.
Self-Esteem
b. b.
7. a. a.
Family Problems
b. b.
8. a. a.
Social Distancing
b. b.
9. a. a.
Critical Thinking
b. b.
10. a. a.
Physical Literacy
b. b.
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
LESSON C. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
How are you doing buddies? I hope you are still on
the track for your learning journey. Let’s now begin the
concept on how you will establish the background of your
study. Hats off!
THE BACKROUND STUDY
Figure 4. Expectations in Writing the

Background of the Study (Adu, 2017)
One of the initial paces in finishing a research is the background

study. The background study for a research embraces an evaluation of
the expanse being investigated, existing information adjoining the subject,
preceding studies on the problem, and pertinent history on the matter.
Preferably, the study should effectually set into view the history and
contextual information on your research problem. The purpose of a
background study is to support you to prove and verify the significance of
your research question/s and to auxiliary in the development your study
(Allyene, 2020).
Allyene (2020) presented the following significant steps in
drafting the background of your study: (1) conduct initial research in
the beginning stages of articulating a study; (2) read the evidence and
develop a research problem or thesis statement; (3) formulate a thesis
statement or research question; (4) start your research by means of your
thesis statement and research question as your guide; (5) develop
appropriate segments or sections as you inscribe the background study;
(6) clinch by recognizing any additional study that needs to be done in
that area, or offer potential resolutions to the issue that haven't been
reflected before; and (7) review, revise, edit, reedit, and rewrite your
background study.
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
ACTIVITY #6: FACT OR OPINION?
Designing your research requires you to determine the
sources and/or types of your data. I believe you were already
taught with this concept. Let’s refresh your knowledge on this
by completing the first learning activity. Be enthused always!
Directions:
Determine whether each of the following items convey factual concepts or opinionated
only. Write the word FACT for true statements, otherwise write the term OPINION.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in each item. Provide a short explanation
to support your answer.
Number TOPICS/STATEMENTS ANSWERS EXPLANATIONS
Example I am beautiful. Opinion Beauty is relative
1. 3x + 2 = 5, if x is 0.
The center of a cell is the
2.
nucleus.
3. Covid19 is dangerous.
4. Online class is effective.

Farming is indeed a relaxing
5.
activity.
6. I love Mathematics.
7. Catriona Grey is beautiful.
8. Research is a difficult subject.

Summation of x and y is 10, if
9.
both are equal to 5.
Jose P. Rizal was the brain of
10.
the KKK.
The Philippines was under the
11.
Spanish Colony.
12. Socrates is a great Scientist.
Know thyself is a philosophical
13.
concept from Aristotle.
14. Dance is an Art.
15. All snakes have deadly venom.
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
IMPORTANCE OF THE BACKGROUD OF THE STUDY
According to Bustos (2016), the following are the importance in

crafting and/or developing the background of your study.
1. A well-written introduction is vital because, quite simply, you never
get a second chance to make a good first impression.
2. The introductory paragraphs of your paper will provide your readers
with:
a. the lucidity of your argument,
b. your writing chic,
c. the general quality of your research, and,
d. the validity and cogency of your findings and conclusions.
3. An imprecise, disorganized, or error-filled introduction will generate
a negative impression, whereas, a concise, engaging, and well-
written introduction will lead your readers to think highly of your
analytical skills, your writing style, and your research approach.
Figure 5. Conceptual Background Study Model

(BSGStudio, 2020}
Although the findings of your study form the center of your

research, it is likewise important to institute the background of your study.
A well-written background will offer your study with a background and shall
impact and/or prompt the readers to read the rest of your paper.
Nevertheless, most authors tussle with inscription of the background of
the study. An additional-yet-common problem authors may thump into is
determining between the background and the literature review, which are
critical features of any research paper (Sachdev, 2018).
-Wernher von Braun-
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09555683029
Presentation of the Introduction
GUIDELINES IN MAKING THE BACKROUND OF THE STUDY

More
specific
More
general
aspects
information
Context of
the study
Research problem Figure 7. Strategy in Writing the Background Model
. (Rojas, 2018)
Alongside with its importance, Bustos (2016) also underscored the

following guides in writing the background of your study.
1. Presenting of the research problem;
2. The existence of unsatisfactory circumstance, a felt problem that
needs a solution;
3. Foundation of the study;
4. Historical context of the problem;
5. A desire to have a deeper and clearer understanding of a condition,
circumstance, or occurrence;
6. A desire to look for a better way of doing something or cultivating a
product or service;
7. An aspiration to ascertain something;
8. Topographical conditions of the research setting; and
9. An association between the introduction and the statement of the
problem.
Rojas (2016), in his research class, also presented this simple tips
in doing the introduction of the study:
a. Establish the international setting of research concepts/variables
by selecting relevant global theories and studies.
b. Discuss national issues and concerns of the main research
concepts/areas.
c. Evaluate some local literatures and studies about the research
concepts.
d. Discuss your empirical knowledge on the main research
concepts.
e. Explain the main purpose of the study.
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
ACTIVITY #7: ESTABLISHING MY BACKGROUND!
The next activity will complete your lesson in
constructing the background of your study. I am so very
excited to learn about your learning development, especially
on how you will write your research manuscript.
Directions:
Complete the needed background information in each of the following items. Give at
least two (2) background literatures/concepts in the corresponding sections
(international, national and local); and one justification for empirical knowledge and
purpose of the study as presented by Rojas (2016). Consider the example given below
and start with the activity. Write your answers in the spaces provided in each item.
Example Topic:
Academic Performance and Language Anxiety of Grade 12 HUMSS Students
1. International Setting
a. Students’ Academic Performance as Mediated by Students’ Academic Ambition
and Effort in the Public Senior High Schools (Ampofo and Osei-Owosu, 2015).
b. The study of Indiantry (2016), entitled “Students’ Anxiety in Speaking English,
revealed two findings. First, two types of anxiety were evidenced, i.e. trait anxiety
and state/situational anxiety. Second, the students’ anxiety in English speaking
class was derived from three main sources of anxiety, i.e. communication
apprehension, test anxiety and fear of negative evaluation.
2. National Background
a. Philippines is a linguistically, culturally, socially and religiously diverse country
which is composed of 7,107 islands. In 2017, the Philippine Ethnologue reported
that the country is the home of 187 individual languages. Of these Philippine
languages, 183 are said to be living while the other 4 are already extinct (Lewis,
Fennig & Simons, 2017).
b. The Philippines has already 41 languages, which are institutionalized, 72 are
developing, 45 are vigorous, and 14 are sadly in trouble while 11 are already dying.
From all these Philippine languages, the Department of Education (DepEd)
identified 12 major languages to be used as a medium of instruction in the currently
implemented Mother-Tongue Based Multilingual Education (MTBMLE) policy in the
educational system of the country particularly in public schools.
3. Local Concepts
a. Language apprehension was evident among the Grade 11 and 12 HUMSS
students in NVGCHS, as shown in the results of the study by Tallungan, Mark
Lander (2020).
b. Language apprehension was also examined by Rojas et al. (2016) among the
Grade 5 and 6 pupils in selected upland elementary schools in Bayombong and
Quezon districts of Nueva Vizcaya. They found out that language anxiety was also
be related to the pupils’ math-word problem skills.
4. Empirical Knowledge
-Wernher von Braun-
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09555683029
As observed by the research proponent, most of the students are getting
nervous if they are in their English subjects and/or they are to recite and discuss in
specific subjects that use the English language as main Language in the teaching
process. Hence, the more anxious they might have toward language learning, the
more that they get low performance.
5. Purpose of the Study

Benchmarking on the said related concepts, literatures, studies and theories,
the study is proposed to assess the level of language anxiety among the Grade 12
HUMSS students of NVGCHS for the school year 2020-2021. Hence, the study would
also like to evaluate possible relationship of their language anxiety to their academic
performance in language subjects.
Topic 1: Academic Performance of Grade 12 HUMSS Students in NVGCHS for the

School Year 2020-2021
1. International Setting:
(a)_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(b)_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. National Background:
(a)_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(b)_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Local Concepts:
(a)_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(b)_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. Empirical Knowledge:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. Purpose of the Study:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
LESSON D. THE PROBLEM STATEMENT
After you have learned about the characteristics of
Quantitative Research, the next concepts will give you some
information on the commonly used kinds/types of quantitative
research, which you may adapt later, when you start to make
and complete your study.
WHEN SHOULD WE WRITE A PROBLEM STATEMENT?
There are various situations in which you might have to write a problem
statement. The following steps were given by McCombes (2019).
Step 1. Contextualize the Problem: The problem statement should mount your
research problem in its specific and precise context and give some circumstantial
information on what is previously known about it.
Step 2: Show Why It Matters: The problem statement should also ought to
address the significance of the study; why is it imperative that the problem is solved and
explained?
This doesn’t mean you have to do somewhat groundbreaking or revolutionary or
world-changing or to invent a technology. It’s more essential that the problem is
researchable, feasible, and clearly addresses some pertinent concerns in your learning
field.
Step 3: Set Your Aims and Objectives: Lastly, the problem statement must
frame how you anticipate to address or resolve the problem. Your objective should not be
to discover a categorical solution, but to pursue with the motives and details behind the
problem and recommend more operative methods to undertaking or understanding it.
Figure 6. Problem Statement Image
(Daube, 2019)
-Wernher von Braun-
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09555683029
ACTIVITY #8: DETERMINE MY PROBLEM
Great day! The next learning activity will enable you to
decide or evaluate the possible problems in given conditions.
Keep on with your motivated spirit to learn!
Directions:
Evaluate the following research conditions/situations. From these, you have to identify
the most appropriate problem in each of the following topics. Write your answers in
the spaces given before each item. Refer to the given example below.
Example: Neil and Kade would like to solicit and analyze the perception of mothers in
riverside communities in Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya about the use of herbal plants
versus synthetic drugs as a homecare remedy to address minor health conditions. The
research tandem would also like to determine if their knowledge on these two types of
home medications, is linked with their socio-economic and academic background.
Problem Statement:
The study aims to evaluate the knowledge level of selected mothers in the
riverside communities of Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya about the use of herbal plants
and synthetic drugs as a homecare remedy for minor health conditions during the
academic year 2020-2021. Hence, the study also targets to assess if the mothers’
knowledge on the said two sets of medications, is significantly linked with their socio-
economic and academic background.
1. Case 1: Rupert and Justin wanted to learn about the effects of synthetic fertilizers
on the propagation of ‘Baguio Beans’ as compared with the effects of using organic
fertilizer. Give a specific problem statement that shall embody the intent of the
researchers. The project shall be for their Capstone class for the school year 2020.
Problem Statement:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
2. Case 2: A group of student-researchers has scheduled an ocular survey/visit to
their target research setting (selected upland communities of Northern Nueva Vizcaya)
for the school year 2020-2021. Part of this survey, is to solicit some point-of-view of
50 selected out-of-school youth about the impact of online learning; and their
knowledge on several technologies (like the use of social media, learning apps for
both online and offline modes, and the likes). Develop a logical problem statement
based on the stated condition.
Problem Statement:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. Case 3: Hannah and Yvanna are having difficulties on deciding which topic would
they consider in developing their research problem. Hannah wanted to explore on the
reading comprehension skills of Grade 12 HUMSS students of Bambang National HS
for the present school year, while, Yvanna wanted to investigate the Mathematics
performance of the same group of students. If they wish to converge their concepts,
both may have good topics for their research. As such, construct a problem statement
that shall combine the ideas of Hannah and Yvanna.
Problem Statement:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
LESSON E.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
Research problem launches the resources by which you must

answer the "So What?" question. This question raises to a research
problem surviving the relevancy test (the quality of a measurement
procedure that provides repeatability and accuracy). Note that answering
the "So What?" question requires an assurance on your part to not only
show that you have reviewed the literature, but that you have thoroughly
considered the implication of the research problem and its implications
applied to creating new knowledge and understanding (Bryman, 2007).
Bryman (2007) also underscores the following purposes of problem

statement:
1. Introduce the reader to the importance of the topic being
studied. The reader is concerned with to the significance of the
study.
2. Anchors the research questions, hypotheses, or assumptions
to follow. It offers a concise statement about the purpose and
tenacity of your paper.
3. Place the topic into a particular context that outlines the
parameters and restrictions of what is to be investigated.
4. Provide the framework for reporting the results and specifies
what is undoubtedly necessary to conduct the study and explain
how the findings will present this information.
There are two specific types of research problem, which can help
the researcher as well in determining what type of research design and
statistical tools to be employed. These are descriptive problems and
inferential problems.
Refer to examples below for you to understand how to determine

the types of research problem and how to write specific research
questions out from these types of research problem (Rojas, 2016).
-Wernher von Braun-
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09555683029
EXAMPLES OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS

Bryman (2017) highlighted the following examples of research
problems:
A. Descriptive Research Problem

Usually asks the question, "what is...?" with the fundamental
purpose to describe the significance of a situation, state, or existence of a
specific phenomenon. This problem is often associated with revealing
hidden or understudied issues.
Example: What is the mastery level of the participants before and after
the implementation of a lesson exemplar in teaching random variables?
B. Inferential Research Problem

This usually starts with the question, “is there a significant...?” with
the purpose of determining possible variations and/or linkages between
and among the variables of the study. This is further categorized into two:
a. Difference Research Problem. Basically asks the question, “Is
there a difference between two or more groups or treatments?” This
type of problem statement is used when the researcher compares
or contrasts two or more phenomena. This a common approach to
defining a problem in the clinical social sciences or behavioral
sciences.
b. Relational Research Problem. It suggests a relationship of some
sort between two or more variables to be investigated. The
underlying purpose is to investigate specific qualities or
characteristics that may be connected in some way.
Given the subsequent research title: “Academic Performance and
Nutritional Status of Grade 12 TVL Students of NVGCHS for the SY 2019-
2020,” the following may be crafted as problem statements for this.
1. DESCRIPTIVE: What is the level of academic performance and
nutritional status of Grade 12 TVL students of NVGCHS for the SY
2019-2020?
2. DIFFERENCE: Is there a significant difference on the participants’
academic performance when grouped according to their nutritional
status?
3. RELATIONAL: Is there a significant relationship between the
participants’ academic performance and nutritional status?
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
ACTIVITY #9: LISTING MY PROBLEMS
You are so lucky for reaching this so far. I am now
assuming you are now ready to write research problems out
of research title/s. This shall be the purpose of the next
learning activity. Good luck!
Directions:
From the given research titles, you will now write 3 specific research problems out of
each topic. You have to write a descriptive problem, and difference and relational
problems. Write your answers on the spaces provided in each item.
Title/Topic 1: Business Skills and Strategies of Ambulant Vendors in

Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya
1. Descriptive Problem:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Difference Problem:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Relational Problem:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Title/Topic 2: Variations on the Academic Performance of Grade 12 STEM

Students according to their Profile Groupings (Age and BMI)
1. Descriptive Problem:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Difference Problem:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Relational Problem:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
ACTIVITY #10: SPECIFY MY PROBLEMS
Additional activity is given below to develop your writing
skills toward statement of the problem and enumerating your
specific research questions. Stay motivated guys!
Directions:
Based from the conditions given in Activity 8 (DETERMINE MY PROBLEM), your task
now is to state one (1) descriptive problem and another one (1) inferential question –
depending on the stated conditions. Write your answers on the provided spaces in
each item. Refer to example below.
Example: Neil and Kade would like to solicit and analyze the perception of mothers in
riverside communities in Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya about the use of herbal plants
versus synthetic drugs as a homecare remedy to address minor health conditions. The
research tandem would also like to determine if their knowledge on these two types of
home medications, is linked with their socio-economic and academic background.
This shall be conducted for the academic year 2020-2021.
Specific Research Problems:
a. Descriptive Problem: What is perception of selected mothers in riverside
communities of Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya about the use of herbal plants and
synthetic drugs as a homecare remedy to address minor health conditions
during the academic year 2020-2021?
b. Inferential Problem: Is there a significant relationship between the mothers’
perception about the use of herbal plants and synthetic drugs as a homecare
remedy to address minor health conditions; and their profiles along socio-
economic and academic background?
1. Case 1: Rupert and Justin wanted to learn about the effects of synthetic fertilizers
on the propagation of ‘Baguio Beans’ as compared with the effects of using organic
fertilizer. Give a specific problem statement that shall embody the intent of the
researchers. The project shall be for their Capstone class for the school year 2020.
(a) Descriptive Problem
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
(b) Inferential Problem

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
2. Case 2: A group of student-researchers has scheduled an ocular survey/visit to
their target research setting (selected upland communities of Northern Nueva Vizcaya)
for the school year 2020-2021. Part of this survey, is to solicit some point-of-view of
50 selected out-of-school youth about the impact of online learning; and their
knowledge on several technologies (like the use of social media, learning apps for
both online and offline modes, and the likes). Develop a logical problem statement
based on the stated condition.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. Case 3: Hannah and Yvanna are having difficulties on deciding which topic would
they consider in developing their research problem. Hannah wanted to explore on the
reading comprehension skills of Grade 12 HUMSS students in Bambang National HS
for the present school year, while, Yvanna wanted to investigate the Mathematics
performance of the same group of students. If they wish to converge their concepts,
both may have good topics for their research. As such, construct a problem statement
that shall combine the ideas of Hannah and Yvanna.
Problem Statement

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
LESSON F. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
You are now ready to determine the specific coverage of
your study. The process of limiting the scope of your study is
indeed important for you to determine the boundaries or your
research work, thus, giving you specific guides in the completion
of your research.
Indicating the Scope and Delimitation of the Study

What are delimitations?
 Delimitations refer to those characteristics that limit the scope and define the
conceptual boundaries of your research (Velasco, 2016).
 This is determined by the conscious exclusionary and inclusionary decisions you
make about how to investigate the research problem.
 Not only should you tell the reader what it is you are studying and why, but you
must also acknowledge why you rejected alternative approaches that could have
been used for the topic.
 The first limiting step, is the choice of research problem itself. However, implicit
are other related problems that could be chosen, and be rejected later. These
should be noted in the conclusion of your introduction.
 For example, a delimitating statement could read, "Although many factors can
be understood to impact the likelihood young people will vote, this study will focus
only on socioeconomic factors related to the need to work full-time while in school."
 The point is not to document every possible delimiting factor, but to highlight why
obvious issues related to the research problem were not addressed.

Figure 7. Scope and Delimitation Model

(Romero, 2017)

-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
WRITING THE SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
During the division ‘writeshop’ for senior high school research teachers in the
division of Nueva Vizcaya in 2016, Rojas and Velasco agreed, together with other
teacher-writers that the following guidelines should be observed in developing the
scope and delimitation of the study.
1. A brief statement of the general purpose of the study;

2. The subject matter and topics studied and discussed;
3. The research questions addressed;
4. The variables/factors of the study;
5. The locale of the study, where data were gathered or entity to which the data
belong;
6. The method/s of investigation of the data gathering instrument or tool used;
7. The population from which the respondents were selected (and perhaps the
sampling process). This must be large enough to make generalizations significant;
and
8. The period of the study. This is the time, either weeks, months, or years
during the data were gathered.
Hence, the following strategies of delimitation was also offered by the said poor
of research writers.
(Give specific answers/information to the following KEY COMPONENTS):
1. What? Define and describe your research variables.
 2. Why? Discuss briefly-but-concisely the main purpose of you study.
 3. Who? Who will be you target population? How will you going to select your
samples? Discuss some qualifiers on the selection of your participants/subjects.
 4. Where? Discuss the setting of your study. Why did you choose the said
locale?
 5. When? The timeframe given to you in the completion of the study. You can
be more specific by determining the specific dates of completion.
 6. How? These are now the technical research processes you needed in order
to complete your study. These included but are not limited to the following: the
research design; research tools (including process of validation); data collection
procedures; asking permission in the conduct of the study; statistical analyses of
data; and ethical considerations.
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
ACTIVITY #11: DELIMIT MY STUDY
You are so lucky for having reached this far! The next
learning activity will hone your writing skills on delimiting the
coverage of your study. Keep it up!
Directions:
Based from the conditions given in Activity 1 (DETERMINE MY PROBLEM), your task
now is to discuss the key components of the scope and delimitation of your study.
Choose ONLY ONE (1) from the said topics/cases. Write your answers on the
provided spaces in each item. Refer to the given example below.
Example: Neil and Kade would like to solicit and analyze the perception of mothers
in riverside communities in Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya about the use of herbal
plants versus synthetic drugs as a homecare remedy to address minor health
conditions. The research tandem would also like to determine if their knowledge
on these two types of home medications, is linked with their socio-economic and
academic background. This shall be conducted during the academic year 2020-
2021.
1. What: (a) Perception of Mothers on the Use of Herbal Plants and Synthetic
Drugs as a Homecare Remedy towards Minor Health Conditions (b) Relationship
of the mothers’ perception with their socio-economic and academic background.
2. Why: The study aims to determine the perception of the mothers in the riverside
communities of Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya about the use of herbal plants and
synthetic drugs as a homecare remedy to some minor health conditions. Hence,
the study also wanted to determine if the mothers’ perception is significantly related
to their socio-economic and academic background.
3. Who? The participants of the study shall be among the mothers of the riverside
communities in Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya. The total population of the mothers
shall be collected from barangays: Vista Alegre, Salvacion, San Nicolas, and Don
Tomas Madella (Barangays within the Magat river). If the population is above 500,
10% of the said number shall accounted as the participants of the study, hence, if
its equals to 500 and below, 20% of the total shall be taken as the samples (Gay
(1997) as cited by Rojas, 2019). The sampling selection technique shall be fishbowl
technique from the list of all mothers per barangay to generate objectivity in the
process.
4. Where? The study shall be conducted among the riverside communities of
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, to include the following barangays: Vista Alegre,
Salvacion, San Nicolas, and Don Tomas Madella. These barangays are located
adjacent or near the Magat river, hence, may be part of the ‘poblacion’ barangays
of the town, where both technology and cultural practices are some of the opposing
views among its residents, especially among the mothers – who are considered as
the family’s first line of defense for maintaining healthy members of the family.
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
Thus, the use of both traditional way of healing (use of herbal plants) may still
interfere with the use of updated over-the-counter synthetic drugs – which both
bear the same purpose.
5. When? The study shall be conducted during the academic year 2020-2021.
Specifically, the researcher shall consider the months of August 2020 to June
2021.
6. How? The study will employ descriptive-correlational type of research approach.
The descriptive part shall be eliciting discussions on the perception of mothers
about the use of herbal plants versus synthetic drugs. The herbal plants shall only
include the approved 10 herbal plants by the Department of Health. On the other
hand, the selection of OTC drugs shall be based on the corresponding indications
of the specified 10 DOH-approved herbal plants. The description on the mothers’
socio-economic and academic performance shall also be made through frequency
and percentage distribution, and computations of mean. Computations of
Correlation Coefficient – Pearson r shall also be employed to elicit the relationship
between and among the selected research variables. Letters of permission shall
be made accordingly for ethical considerations.
It’s your turn!
Concept: Relationship between Selling Skills and Customer Service Services of
School Canteen Workers as Perceived by SHS Students of Lamo National High
School
1. What?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. Why?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
3. Who?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. Where?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
5. When?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
6. How?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
MY PERSONAL REFLECTION
Congratulations! For you to complete your lesson in

this module, please complete this activity that would require
you to reflect on the things/concepts that you have learned
from this learning module.
1. I believe that I have learned the…

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. First, I believe that…
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. Second, I believe this (from the first finding) means that…
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. Finally, I believe that I can apply the…
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
POST-ASSESSMENT
Let’s now check your learning retention on this learning
activity sheet for the lesson “The Research Title and Its
Background”. I do hope you have enjoyed your learning journey.
Good luck!
A. Directions (IDENTIFICATION):
Directions: Complete the given table below by writing the specific research
concept/process being discussed in the column marked as “DESCRIPTIONS”. Write
your answers the provided cells in each item.
ITEMS ANSWERS DESCRIPTIONS

It launches the resources by which
you must answer the "So What?"
1. question. This question raises to a
research problem surviving the
relevancy test.
Problem statement should also ought
2. to address the importance of the
study.
This has the purpose of determining
possible variations and relationship
3.
between and among the variables of
the study.
A problem statement, which is used
4. when the researcher compares or
contrasts two or more phenomena.
Usually asks the question, "what is...?"
5. with the basic purpose to describe the
relevance of a situation.
It can be in a form of some long
6. paragraphs, which serves as the
foundation for your research proposal.
Problem statement should support
7. your research problem in its definite
and precise context.
These are the characteristics that
8.
bound the range of a research study.
Problem statement must structure how
9.
you forestall to resolve the problem.
The purpose of this problem is to
10. investigate specific qualities that may
be connected in some way.
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
B. Directions (POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE?):

Evaluate the given items. Determine if each statement conveys true idea/s or not.
Write POSITIVE if the statement is true, otherwise, write the term NEGATIVE for every
false statement. Write your answers on the provided spaces before each item.
____________11. A good research title includes the aim, topic, locale, population, and
period.
____________12. A lengthy title captures the reader’s interest.
____________13. Specific abbreviations can be used in the title
____________14. The aim answers the question, “why do I want to conduct this
research study?”
____________15. A good research title should differentiate the paper from other
papers of the same subject area
____________16. A good title for a research paper is typically around 15-20 words
long.
____________17. The period implies the time allotted for the researcher to finish
his/her study.
____________18. Using active verbs instead of complex noun-based phrases should
be noted in writing a research title.
____________19. Any abbreviations cannot be used in the title.
____________20. A good research title should contain key words used in the
manuscript and define the nature of the study.
____________21. The introduction of a research, which is usually found in Chapter I
includes the rationale and results of the present study.
____________22. There are 2 specific types of research question, descriptive and
correlational questions.
____________23. Sometimes a content note or an acknowledgment of permission
granted may be called for in paper using parenthetical references.
____________24. A parenthetical reference should be placed just after a mark of
punctuation.
____________25. In the citation, if the author’s name is part of the sentence, only the
date is enclosed in parentheses.
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
C. Directions (MULTIPLE CHOICE):
Directions: Each statement/question is followed by four options lettered A, B, C,
and D. Choose the best letter that corresponds to the correct/best answer, write
your answer (CAPITAL LETTER) on the line provided just before each item. Avoid
erasures.
_____26. Which of the following focusses on what the study is all about, usually
in a paragraph of 300 words or less?
A. Abstract C. Statement of the Problem
B. Introduction D. Statistical Treatment of Data
_____27. Which of the following is NOT included in Chapter I of a Research
Project?
A. Conceptual Framework C. Significance of the Study
B. Statement of the Problem D. Summary of Findings
_____28. Which of the following reviews and states in capsule from the
objectives, respondents and methods or methodologies used in the study?
A. Conclusions C. Recommendations
B. Introduction D. Summary of the Findings
_____29. The who, what, why, and how of your research study are determined by
your research _________________.
A. data C. question
B. design D. title
_____30. Designing a research is thinking __________.
A. critically C. literally
B. imaginatively D. skillfully
_____31. These are aspects of your research: research objectives, topic,
questions, hypotheses, and methodology. You come to think of quantitative
research design __________________.
A. before finalizing your mind on these aspects of your research
B. after thinking of these aspects of your research
C. as you formulate hypotheses about these parts
D. as you ponder on your research problem
_____32. Your sister plans to remodel her closet. She hired a carpenter to do the
task. What should your sister do so that the carpenter can accomplish the task
according to what she wants?
A. Show a replica of a closet.
B. Download a picture from the internet.
C. Leave everything to the carpenter.
D. Provide the layout drawn to scale.
_____33. Which of the following standards would best apply in checking the
carpenter’s work in item number 7?
A. accuracy of measurements and wise utilization of materials
B. accuracy of measurements and workmanship
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
C. workmanship and artistic design
D. workmanship and wise utilization of materials
_____34. Suppose there is a harvest shortage in your farm because of
malnourished soil. What will you do to ensure a bountiful harvest in your farmland?
A. Hire number of workers to spread fertilizers in the farmland.
B. Buy several sacks of fertilizers and use them in your farmland.
C. Find the area of the farmland and buy proportionate number of sacks
of fertilizers.
D. Solve for the number of sacks of fertilizers proportionate to the
number of workers.
_____35. The Punong Barangay in your place noticed that garbage is not properly
disposed because the garbage bins available are too small. As the chairman of the
health committee, you were tasked to prepare garbage bins which can hold 24 ft3
of garbage. However, the location where the garbage bins will be placed is limited.
How will you maximize the area?
A. Find the dimensions of the planned bin according to the capacity
given.
B. Make trial and error bins until the desired volume is achieved.
C. Solve for the volume and use it in creating bins.
D. Find the area of the location of the bins.
-Wernher von Braun-
NIRojasSY2020-2021
09555683029
REFERENCES
Adu, P. (2017). Writing the background of your study. Retrieved at

https://www.slideshare.net on May 25, 2020.
Alleyene, S. (2020). The format for a high school thesis paper. Retrieved at
Photos.com/AbleStock.com on June 5, 2020.
Balch, R. (2012). The research title and problem. Retrieved at https://www.quora.com
on June 1, 2020.
BSGStudio (2020). Knowledge background studying boy books speech bubbles.
Retrieved at https://all-free-download.com/free-vector on May 25, 2020.
Bustos, K.F.M. (2016). Compiled instructional materials for Practical Research 2.
Outputs in the Division Research Writeshop 2016.
Mextipedia (2020). Retrieved at file:///C:/Users/UsEr/Desktop/download.htm on June
3, 2020.
Rojas, N.I. (2016). Compiled instructional materials for Practical Research 2. Outputs
in the Division Research Writeshop 2016.
Sachdev, R. (2018). How to write the background of your study? Retrieved form
https://www.editage.com/insights on May 28, 2020.
Waymire, G. (2013). Why is research conducted? Creativity & Innovation in Research
Personal Observations for Junior Scholars. Retrieved at
https://www.quora.com on May 28, 2020.
Prepared by:
NICK INFANTE ROJAS
Teacher II, NVGCHS
-Wernher von Braun-

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NIRojasSY2020-2021

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

The first week shall be mainly focusing on determining research topics;

It’s nice to see you again! Once more, I am teacher Nick.

A. Directions (Matching Type):

Answers Column A Column B

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

_______18. What is all about the article describe?

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

Hello once again! Do you know the difference

THE PURPOSE OF CONDUCTING A RESEARCH

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

ACTIVITY #2: NARROWING A CONCEPT

5. Topic: Kalanguya Tribe

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

1. FOR STEM Students: BIOLOGY

2. FOR ABM Students: BUSINESS

3. FOR HUMSS Students: SOCIOLOGY

Certainly, the preceded learning activities have enhanced your

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

WRITING THE RESEARCH TITILE

Figure 2. Research Proposal

Retrieved from Mextipedia

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

EXAMPLE ACTIVITIES IN DEVELOPING A RESEARCH TITLE

Figure 3. Research Title Model

Aim: To enhance the reading comprehension skills.

On the other hand, given the title: “Integration of Biological Concepts in

Aim: Teaching Statistics and Probability

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

1. Problems Met by Science and Mathematics’ Teachers in Public High Schools in

2. Relationship of Perceived Stress and Self-Esteem among Grade 12 STEM

4. Stress and Coping Mechanisms of Student Athletes of Saint Mary’s University –

GUIDELINES IN WRITING A RESEARCH TITLE

d. Avoid: Effects of Drug Z on schizophrenia patients: an analysis of a

e. Do not use abbreviations and jargon.

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

THE BACKROUND STUDY

Figure 4. Expectations in Writing the

One of the initial paces in finishing a research is the background

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

4. Online class is effective.

7. Catriona Grey is beautiful.

8. Research is a difficult subject.

15. All snakes have deadly venom.

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

IMPORTANCE OF THE BACKGROUD OF THE STUDY

According to Bustos (2016), the following are the importance in

Figure 5. Conceptual Background Study Model

Although the findings of your study form the center of your

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

Presentation of the Introduction

GUIDELINES IN MAKING THE BACKROUND OF THE STUDY

Research problem Figure 7. Strategy in Writing the Background Model

Alongside with its importance, Bustos (2016) also underscored the

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)