CS502 Midterm Solved Mcqs With References by Moaaz

CS502- Fundamentals of Algorithms
Solved MCQS May- 24 - 2013

From Midterm Papers
Provide by VUAnswer.com
MC100401285 Moaaz.pk@gmail.com PSMD01

Mc100401285@vu.edu.pk
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Fall 2011
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Due to left complete nature of binary tree, the heap can be stored in
► Arrays (Page 40)

► Structures
► Link Lis
►Stack

What type of instructions Random Access Machine (RAM) can execute?
►Algebraic and logic

►Geometric and arithmetic
►Arithmetic and logic (Page 10)
►Parallel and recursive

For Chain Matrix Multiplication we can not use divide and conquer approach because,
►We do not know the optimum k (Page 86)

►We use divide and conquer for sorting only
►We can easily perform it in linear time
►Size of data is not given

What is the total time to heapify?
► Ο(log n) (Page 43)

► Ο(n log n)
► Ο(n2 log n)
1
► Ο(log2 n)

word Algorithm comes from the name of the muslim author ____________
►Abu Ja’far Mohammad ibn Musa al-Khowarizmi.

al-Khwarizmi’s work was written in a book titled _______________
►al Kitab al-mukhatasar ﬁ hisab al-jabr wa’l-muqabalah
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010

Random access machine or RAM is a/an
► Machine build by Al-Khwarizmi

► Mechanical machine
► Electronics machine
► Mathematical model (Page 10)

_______________ is a graphical representation of an algorithm
►  notation
►  notation
► Flowchart Click here for detail
► Asymptotic notation

A RAM is an idealized machine with ______________ random-access memory.
► 256MB
► 512MB
► an infinitely large (Page 10) www.VUAnswer.com
► 100GB
2
What type of instructions Random Access Machine (RAM) can execute? Choose best answer
► Algebraic and logic

► Geometric and arithmetic
► Arithmetic and logic (Rep)
► Parallel and recursive

What will be the total number of max comparisons if we run brute-force maxima algorithm with n elements?
2
► n
n
►n
2
► n (Page 14)
8
►n

What is the solution to the recurrence T(n) = T(n/2)+n .
► O(logn)
► O(n) (Page 37)
► O(nlogn)
► O(n2)

Consider the following code:
For(j=1; j<n;j++)
For(k=1; k<15;k++)
For(l=5; l<n; l++)
{
Do_something_constant();
}
What is the order of execution for this code.
► O(n)
► O(n3)
► O(n2 log n)
► O(n2)

What is the total time to heapify?
► Ο(log n) rep
► Ο(n log n)
► Ο(n2 log n)
3
► Ο(log2 n)

Consider the following Algorithm:
Factorial (n){
if (n=1)
return 1
else
return (n * Factorial(n-1))
Recurrence for the following algorithm is:
► T(n) = T(n-1) +1
► T(n) = nT(n-1) +1
► T(n)= T(n-1) +n
► T(n)=T(n(n-1)) +1

When we call heapify then at each level the comparison performed takes time
► It will take Θ (1) (Page 43)

► Time will vary according to the nature of input data
► It can not be predicted
► It will take Θ (log n)

In Quick sort, we don’t have the control over the sizes of recursive calls
► True (Page 40)

► False
► Less information to decide
► Either true or false

Is it possible to sort without making comparisons?
► Yes (Page 57)
► No

If there are Θ (n2) entries in edit distance matrix then the total running time is
► Θ (1)
► Θ (n2) Click here for detail www.VUAnswer.com
► Θ (n)
4
► Θ (n log n)

For Chain Matrix Multiplication we can not use divide and conquer approach because,
► We do not know the optimum k (Page 86)

► We use divide and conquer for sorting only
► We can easily perform it in linear time
► Size of data is not given

The Knapsack problem belongs to the domain of _______________ problems.
► Optimization (Page 91)

► NP Complete
► Linear Solution
► Sorting

Suppose we have three items as shown in the following table, and suppose the capacity of the knapsack is 50
i.e. W = 50.
Item Value Weight
1 60 10
2 100 20
3 120 30
The optimal solution is to pick
► Items 1 and 2
► Items 1 and 3
► Items 2 and 3 (correct)
► None of these
5
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010

For the Sieve Technique we take time
► T(nk) (Page 34)
►T(n / 3)
►n^2
►n/3

Sieve Technique applies to problems where we are interested in finding a single item
from a larger set of _____________
Select correct option:
►n items (Page 34)
►phases
►pointers
►constant

______________ graphical representation of algorithm.
►asymptotic
►Flowchart (rep)

who invented the quick sort
►C.A.R. Hoare www.VUAnswer.com Click here for detail

main elements to a divide-and-conquer
►Divide, conquer, combine (Page 27)

Mergesort is a stable algorithm but not an in-place algorithm.
►True (Page 54)

►false
6
Counting sort the numbers to be sorted are in the range 1 to k where k is small.
►True (Page 57)
►False
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2007

Total time for heapify is:
2
►Ο (log n)
►Ο (n log n)
2
►Ο (n log n)
►Ο (log n) Rep

If an algorithm has a complexity of log 2 n + nlog 2 n + n. we could say that it has complexity
►O(n)
►O( n log2 n)
►O(3)
►O( log2 ( log2 n )) www.VUAnswer.com
►O ( log2 n)

In RAM model instructions are executed
►One after another (Page 10)

►Parallel
►Concurrent
►Random
7
In selection algorithm, because we eliminate a constant fraction of the array with each phase, we get the
►Convergent geometric series (Page 37)

►Divergent geometric series
►None of these

Due to left-complete nature of binary tree, heaps can be stored in
►Link list
►Structure
►Array (Page 40) www.VUAnswer.com
►None of above
CS609- System Programming

Midterm Quizzes (Quiz No.1 & 2)
Quiz No.1 (04 – MAY - 2013)

The time assumed for each basic operation to execute on RAM model of computation is-----
Infinite
Continuous
Constant (Page 10)
Variable

If the indices passed to merge sort algorithm are not equal, the algorithm may return immediately.
True
False (Page 28)

Brute-force algorithm uses no intelligence in pruning out decisions.
8
True (Page 18)
False


In analysis, the Upper Bound means the function grows asymptotically no faster than its largest term.
True (Page 24)
False

For small values of n, any algorithm is fast enough. Running time does become an issue when n gets large.
True (Page 14)

Fast

The array to be sorted is not passed as argument to the merge sort algorithm.
True
False

In simple brute-force algorithm, we give no thought to efficiency.
True (Page 11)

False

The ancient Roman politicians understood an important principle of good algorithm design that is plan-sweep
algorithm.
True
False (Page 27) [Divide and Conquer]

In 2d-space a point is said to be ________if it is not dominated by any other point in that space.
Member
Minimal
Maximal (Page 11) www.VUAnswer.com
Joint

An algorithm is a mathematical entity that is dependent on a specific programming language.
9
True
False (Page 7)

The running time of an algorithm would not depend upon the optimization by the compiler but that of an
implementation of the algorithm would depend on it.
True (Page 13)

False

F (n) and g (n) are asymptotically equivalent. This means that they have essentially the same __________ for
large n.
Results
Variables
Size
Growth rates (Page 23)

8n2 + 2n - 3 will eventually exceed c2*(n) no matter how large we make c2.
True (Page 25)

False

If we associate (x, y) integers pair to cars where x is the speed of the car and y is the negation of the price. High
y value for a car means a ________ car.
Fast
Slow
Expensive
Cheap (Page 11)

The function f(n)= n(logn+1)/2 is asymptotically equivalent to n log n. Here Upper Bound means the function
f(n) grows asymptotically ____________ faster than n log n.
More
Quiet
Not (Page 24) www.VUAnswer.com
At least

After sorting in merge sort algorithm, merging process is invoked.
10
True (Page 28)
False
Question No: 1 (Marks: 1) - Please choose one

Asymptotic growth rate of the function is taken over_________ case running time.
Best
Average
Worst (Page 14)
Normal

In analysis of f (n) =n (n/5) +n-10 log n, f (n) is asymptotically equivalent to ________.
n
2n
n+1
n2 (Page 23)
Question No: 1 (Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Algorithm is concerned with.......issues.
Macro
Micro
Both Macro & Micro (Page 8)
Normal

We cannot make any significant improvement in the running time which is better than that of brute-force
algorithm.
True
False (Page 18)

In addition to passing in the array itself to Merge Sort algorithm, we will pass in _________other arguments
which are indices.
Two (Page 28)

Three
Four
Five
11
Consider the following Algorithm: Fun(n){ if (n=1) return 1 else return (n * Fun(n-1)) } Recurrence for the
above algorithm is:
nT(n-1)+1
2T(n-1)+1
T(n-1)+cn
T(n-1)+1

In analysis, the Lower Bound means the function grows asymptotically at least as fast as its largest term.
True (Page 24) www.VUAnswer.com

False

Efficient algorithm requires less computational…….
Memory
Running Time
Memory and Running Time (Page 9)
Energy

The O-notation is used to state only the asymptotic ________bounds.
Two
Lower
Upper (Page 25)
Both lower & upper

For the worst-case running time analysis, the nested loop structure containing one “for” and one “while” loop,
might be expressed as a pair of _________nested summations.
1
2 (Page 16)
3
4

Before sweeping a vertical line in plane sweep approach, in start sorting of the points is done in increasing
order of their _______coordinates.
X (Page 18)
Y
12
Z
X&Y

Brute-force algorithm for 2D-Maxima is operated by comparing ________ pairs of points.
Two
Some
Most
All (Page 18)

The function f(n)=n(logn+1)/2 is asymptotically equivalent to nlog n. Here Lower Bound means function f(n)
grows asymptotically at ____________ as fast as nlog n.
Normal
Least (Page 23)
Most
All

The definition of Theta-notation relies on proving ___________asymptotic bound.
One
Lower
Upper
Both lower & upper (Page 25) rep www.VUAnswer.com

In plane sweep approach, a vertical line is swept across the 2d-plane and _______structure is used for holding
the maximal points lying to the left of the sweep line.
Array
Queue
Stack (Page 18)
Tree

Algorithm analysts know for sure about efficient solutions for NP-complete problems.
True
False (Page 9)
13
Quiz No.1 (2012)
Question No: 1 of 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The number of nodes in a complete binary tree of height h is
2^(h+1) – 1 (Page 40) www.VUAnswer.com

2 * (h+1) – 1
2 * (h+1)
((h+1) ^ 2) – 1

The analysis of Selection algorithm shows the total running time is indeed ________in n,
arithmetic
geometric
linear (Page 37)
orthogonal

A (an) _________ is a left-complete binary tree that conforms to the heap order
heap (Page 40)

binary tree
binary search tree
array

Analysis of Selection algorithm ends up with,
T(n) (Page 37)

T(1 / 1 + n)
T(n / 2)
T((n / 2) + n)

For the sieve technique we solve the problem,
recursively (Page 34)

mathematically
precisely
14
accurately

A heap is a left-complete binary tree that conforms to the ___________
increasing order only

decreasing order only
heap order (Page 40)
(log n) order

In which order we can sort?
increasing order only

decreasing order only
increasing order or decreasing order (Page 39)
both at the same time

Divide-and-conquer as breaking the problem into a small number of
pivot
Sieve
smaller sub problems (Page 34)
Selection

For the heap sort we store the tree nodes in
level-order traversal (Page 40)

in-order traversal
pre-order traversal
post-order traversal

The sieve technique works in ___________ as follows
Phases (Page 34) www.VUAnswer.com

numbers
integers
routines
15
CS502 - Fundamentals of Algorithms
Quiz No.1 12-11-2012

We do sorting to,
keep elements in random positions

keep the algorithm run in linear order
keep the algorithm run in (log n) order
keep elements in increasing or decreasing order

Heaps can be stored in arrays without using any pointers; this is due to the ____________ nature of the binary
tree,
left-complete (Page 40)

right-complete
tree nodes
tree leaves

Sieve Technique can be applied to selection problem?
True (Page 35)

False

In Sieve Technique we do not know which item is of interest
True (Page 34)

False

In the analysis of Selection algorithm, we eliminate a constant fraction of the array with each phase; we get the
convergent _______________ series in the analysis,
linear
16
arithmetic
geometric (Page 37)
exponent

For the heap sort, access to nodes involves simple _______________ operations.

arithmetic (Page 41)
binary
algebraic
logarithmic

Slow sorting algorithms run in,
T(n^2) (Page 39)

T(n)
T( log n)

In the analysis of Selection algorithm, we make a number of passes, in fact it could be as many as,
T(n)
T(n / 2)
log n (Page 37)
n/2+n/4

The sieve technique is a special case, where the number of sub problems is just
5
many
1 (Page 34)
few
Question No: 1 of 10 (Marks: 1) - Please choose one

How many elements do we eliminate in each time for the Analysis of Selection algorithm?
(n / 2)+n elements
(n / 2) elements (Page 37)
n / 4 elements
2 n elements

One of the clever aspects of heaps is that they can be stored in arrays without using any _______________.
pointers (Page 40)
constants
17
variables
functions

How much time merge sort takes for an array of numbers?

T(n^2)
T(n)
T( log n)
T(n log n) (Page 40)

The reason for introducing Sieve Technique algorithm is that it illustrates a very important special case of,
divide-and-conquer (Page 34)
decrease and conquer
greedy nature
2-dimension Maxima

In Sieve Technique we do not know which item is of interest
True (Page 34) rep
False

Theta asymptotic notation for T (n) :
Set of functions described by: c1g(n)Set of functions described by c1g(n)>=f(n) for c1 s

Theta for T(n)is actually upper and worst case comp (Not sure)
Set of functions described by:
c1g(n)

Memoization is?
To store previous results for future use

To avoid this unnecessary repetitions by writing down the results of recursive calls and looking them up
again if we need them later (page 74) www.VUAnswer.com
To make the process accurate
None of the above

Which sorting algorithm is faster
O (n log n) Page 26
O n^2
18
O (n+k)
O n^3

Quick sort is
Stable & in place

Not stable but in place (Page 54)
Stable but not in place
Some time stable & some times in place

One example of in place but not stable algorithm is
Merger Sort
Quick Sort (Page 54)
Continuation Sort
Bubble Sort

Cont sort is suitable to sort the elements in range 1 to k
K is Large
K is not known
K may be small or large
K is small (Page 57)

In place stable sorting algorithm.
If duplicate elements remain in the same relative position after sorting (Page 54)
One array is used
More than one arrays are required
Duplicating elements not handled

Which may be a stable sort?
Merger
Insertion (Page 54)
Both above
None of the above

An in place sorting algorithm is one that uses ___ arrays for storage
Two dimensional arrays
19
More than one array
No Additional Array (Page 54)
None of the above

Sieve Technique applies to problems where we are interested in finding a single item from a larger set of
_____________
n items (Page 34)

phases
pointers
constant

Sorting is one of the few problems where provable ________ bonds exits on how fast we can sort,
upper
lower (Page 39)
average
log n

Counting sort has time complexity:
O(n) (Page 58) www.VUAnswer.com

O(n+k)
O(k)
O(nlogn)

The running time of quick sort depends heavily on the selection of
No of inputs
Arrangement of elements in array
Size o elements
Pivot elements (Page 49)

Which may be stable sort:
Bubble sort
Insertion sort
Both of above (Page 54)
20
One Example of in place but not stable sort is
Quick (Page 54)

Heap
Merge
Bubble

In Quick Sort Constants hidden in T(n log n) are
Large
Medium
Small Click here for detail
Not Known

Quick sort is based on divide and conquer paradigm; we divide the problem on base of pivot element and:
There is explicit combine process as well to conquer the solution.

No work is needed to combine the sub-arrays, the array is already sorted
Merging the sub arrays
None of above. (Page 51) www.VUAnswer.com
Ref: - random choices for the pivot element and each choice have an equal probability of 1/n of occurring. So
we can modify the above recurrence to compute an average rather than a max
21
CS501 - Quiz No.2 (Spring 2013)
A point p in 2-dimensional space is usually given by its integer coordinate(s)____________
p.x only
p.y only
p.x & p.z
p.x & p.y (Page 10)

In ____________ we have to find rank of an element from given input.
Merge sort algorithm

Selection problem (Page 34)
Brute force technique
Plane Sweep algorithm

In Heap Sort algorithm, if heap property is violated _________
We call Build heap procedure

We call Heapify procedure
We ignore
Heap property can never be violated

Upper bound requires that there exist positive constants c2 and n0 such that f(n) ____ c2n for all n <= n0(ye
question ghalat lag raha hai mujhae
Less than
Equal to or Less than (Page 25)
Equal or Greater than
Greater than

A RAM is an idealized algorithm with takes an infinitely large random-access memory.
True
22
False (Page 10)

_________ is one of the few problems, where provable lower bounds exist on how fast we can sort.
Searching
Sorting (Page )
Both Searching & Sorting
Graphing

Floor and ceiling are ____________ to calculate while analyzing algorithms.
Very easy
Usually considered difficult (Page 31)

In Heap Sort algorithm, the maximum levels an element can move upward is _________
Theta (log n) (Page 43) www.VUAnswer.com

Order (log n)
Omega (log n)
O (1) i.e. Constant time

A point p in 2-dimensional space is usually given by its integer coordinate(s)____________
p.x only p.y

only p.x & p.z
p.x & p.y (Page 17)

In Heap Sort algorithm, the total running time for Heapify procedure is ____________
Theta (log n) (Page 43)

Order (log n)
Omega (log n)
O (1) i.e. Constant time

Algorithm is a mathematical entity, which is independent of a specific machine and operating system.
True
23
False (Page 7)

While Sorting, the ordered domain means for any two input elements x and y _________ satisfies only.
x<y
x>y
x=y
All of the above (Page 39)

Quick sort is best from the perspective of Locality of reference.
True (Page 9)
False

Sorting can be in _________
Increasing order only

Decreasing order only
Both Increasing and Decreasing order (Page 39)
Random order

In Heap Sort algorithm, we build _______ for ascending sort.
Max heap (Page 41)

Min heap

In Sieve Technique, we know the item of interest.
True
False (Page 34) www.VUAnswer.com

While solving Selection problem, in Sieve technique we partition input data __________
In increasing order
In decreasing order
According to Pivot (Page 35)
Randomly
24
In pseudo code, the level of details depends on intended audience of the algorithm.
True (Page 12)

False

The sieve technique works where we have to find _________ item(s) from a large input.
Single (Page 34)

Two
Three
Similar

If the indices passed to merge sort algorithm are ________,then this means that there is only one element to
sort.
Small
Large
Equal (Page 28)
Not Equal
25

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CS502- Fundamentals of Algorithms

Solved MCQS May- 24 - 2013

MC100401285 Moaaz.pk@gmail.com PSMD01

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► Arrays (Page 40)

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

►Algebraic and logic

►We do not know the optimum k (Page 86)

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► Ο(log n) (Page 43)

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

►Abu Ja’far Mohammad ibn Musa al-Khowarizmi.

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

►al Kitab al-mukhatasar ﬁ hisab al-jabr wa’l-muqabalah

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► Machine build by Al-Khwarizmi

Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► Algebraic and logic

Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Recurrence for the following algorithm is:

Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► It will take Θ (1) (Page 43)

Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► True (Page 40)

Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► We do not know the optimum k (Page 86)

Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► Optimization (Page 91)

Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

►C.A.R. Hoare www.VUAnswer.com Click here for detail

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

►Divide, conquer, combine (Page 27)

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

►True (Page 54)

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

►One after another (Page 10)

►Convergent geometric series (Page 37)

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

CS609- System Programming

Quiz No.1 (04 – MAY - 2013)

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

True (Page 14)

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

True (Page 11)

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one