COURSE GUIDE

Course: Semester: 1st School Year: 2020-2021

Criminal Evidence
Instructor:
Course Description
The course covers the entire and the most recent Rules on Evidence, its rules of presentation,
admissibility, weight and sufficiency of evidence including burden of proof and presumptions. It includes the
Rules on DNA Evidence, Rules of Electronic Evidence, Rules on Child Witness Examination, Rights of Witnesses
and other relevant issuance of the Supreme Court or other authority, and applicable relevant jurisprudence.

Course Outline
TOPIC REFERENCES
Chapter 1 Rules of Evidence Rule 128 1. Gabao, Ramil G. (2016) Law on
a. Scope of the Rules of Evidence. Evidence: a Guide Book for Criminology
b. What need not be proven. Students, Chapter House Publishing
c. Rules on the Admissibility of Evidence. Incorporated, Novaliches Quezon City
d. Burden of Proof and the rule on 2. https://www.chanrobles.com/rulesofcour
Presumptions. tevidence.htm#.XzskqvMzbIU
e. Rules on the Presentation of Evidence.
Chapter 2 Rule129 What Need Not Be Proved 1. Gabao, Ramil G. (2016) Law on
a. Judicial notice, when discretionary Evidence: a Guide Book for Criminology
b. Judicial notice, when hearing necessary Students, Chapter House Publishing
c. Judicial admissions Incorporated, Novaliches Quezon City
2. https://www.chanrobles.com/rulesofcour
tevidence.htm#.XzskqvMzbIU
Chapter 3 Rule 130 Rules of Admissibility 1. Gabao, Ramil G. (2016) Law on
a. Object (Real) Evidence Evidence: a Guide Book for Criminology
b. Best Evidence Rule Students, Chapter House Publishing
c. Secondary Evidence Incorporated, Novaliches Quezon City
d. Parole Evidence Rule 2. https://www.chanrobles.com/rulesofcour
e. Testimonial Evidence tevidence.htm#.XzskqvMzbIU
f. Testimonial Previledge
g. Previous Conduct as Evidence
h. Testimonial Knowledge
i. Opinion Rule
Chapter 4 Rule 131 Burden of Proof and 1. Gabao, Ramil G. (2016) Law on
Presumptions Evidence: a Guide Book for Criminology
a. Burden of proof Students, Chapter House Publishing
b. Conclusive presumptions Incorporated, Novaliches Quezon City
c. Disputable presumptions 2. https://www.chanrobles.com/rulesofcour
tevidence.htm#.XzskqvMzbIU

Chapter 5 Rule 132 Presentation of Evidence 1. Gabao, Ramil G. (2016) Law on

a. Examination of Witnesses Evidence: a Guide Book for Criminology
b. Examination of Child Witness Rule Students, Chapter House Publishing
c. Rights and obligations of a witness Incorporated, Novaliches Quezon City
d. Order in the examination of an individual 2. https://www.chanrobles.com/rulesofcourte
witness vidence.htm#.XzskqvMzbIU

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 e. Authentication and proof of documents
f. Offer and objection
g. Perpetuation of Testimony
h. Distinction of the Rules of Court and the Rules
on other Quasi-Judicial bodies in the
Admissibility of Evidence
Course Learning Outcomes Required Output
1. Explain fully what are judicial notices,
admissions and confessions; 1. Learning Guides Assessments
2. Identify and explain what are judicial notices, 2. Midterm Examinations
admissions and confessions;
3. Identify the different kinds of evidence, proof
and collateral matters
4. Explain fully what is burden of proof and
procedures in presenting evidence in any judial
and quasi-judicial bodies

Course Policies Grading System

1. All students are required to finish and pass all the 1. The grades shall be computed as:
required outputs within the given amount of time. 50% - Chapter Assessments
2. Students are required to use a separate sheet of 50% - Major Exam (Midterm & Finals)
paper in answering all the chapter assessments. Grade for the corresponding rating period
3. Compilation of chapter assessments must be
placed in a folder labelled with student’s NAME,
COURSE and SECTION.
4. Students are encouraged to contact their
instructors. Contact details can be found in this
course guide.

References
1. Reano, Willard, (2019) Evidence: Bar Lecture Series, Rex Book Store
2. https://www.chanrobles.com/rulesofcourtevidence.htm#.XzskqvMzbIU

Consultation Schedule/ Instructor’s Contact Number

Friday
Eleazar S. Balbada
Smart: 09186724985
Email Add: eleazarbalbada23.ph@gmail.com

Prepared by:

ELEAZAR S. BALBADA, Ph.D.Crim.

Assistant Prof I

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APPENDICES

[1] Rubric for Open Ended Questions

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 Chapter 1

RULES OF EVIDENCE
RULE 128

General Provisions
SECTION1. Evidence defined. — Evidence is the means, sanctioned by these rules, of
ascertaining in a judicial proceeding the truth respecting a matter of fact. (1)

Sec. 2.Scope. — The rules of evidence shall be the same in all courts and in all trials and
hearings, except as otherwise provided by law or these rules. (2a)

Sec. 3. Admissibility of evidence. — Evidence is admissible when it is relevant to the issue

and is not excluded by the law of these rules. (3a)

Sec.4 Relevancy; collateral matters. — Evidence must have such a relation to the fact in
issue as to induce belief in its existence or non-existence. Evidence on collateral matters
shall not be allowed, except when it tends in any reasonable degree to establish the
probability or improbability of the fact in issue. (4a)

Gabao, Ramil G. (2016) Law on Evidence: a Guide Book for Criminology Students,
Chapter House Publishing Incorporated, Novaliches Quezon City
https://www.chanrobles.com/rulesofcourtevidence.htm#.XzskqvMzbIU

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 Chapter 1 Assessment

1. Discuss the four (4) component elements of evidence.

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2. Present the different kinds of evidence; their definitions, and provide at least one
example of your own per kind.
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3. Clearly discuss the tests of relevancy and competence to present the differences
between relevant evidence and collateral matters.

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 Chapter 2

RULE 129
What Need Not Be Proved

SECTION 1. Judicial notice, when mandatory. — A court shall take judicial notice, without
the introduction of evidence, of the existence and territorial extent of states, their political
history, forms of government and symbols of nationality, the law of nations, the admiralty and
maritime courts of the world and their seals, the political constitution and history of the
Philippines, the official acts of legislative, executive and judicial departments of the
Philippines, the laws of nature, the measure of time, and the geographical divisions. (1a)
Sec. 2. Judicial notice, when discretionary. — A court may take judicial notice of matters
which are of public knowledge, or are capable to unquestionable demonstration, or ought to
be known to judges because of their judicial functions. (1a)
Sec. 3. Judicial notice, when hearing necessary. — During the trial, the court, on its own
initiative, or on request of a party, may announce its intention to take judicial notice of any
matter and allow the parties to be heard thereon.
After the trial, and before judgment or on appeal, the proper court, on its own initiative or on
request of a party, may take judicial notice of any matter and allow the parties to be heard
thereon if such matter is decisive of a material issue in the case. (n)
Sec. 4. Judicial admissions. — An admission, verbal or written, made by the party in the
course of the proceedings in the same case, does not require proof. The admission may be
contradicted only by showing that it was made through palpable mistake or that no such
admission was made. (2a)

Gabao, Ramil G. (2016) Law on Evidence: a Guide Book for Criminology Students,
Chapter House Publishing Incorporated, Novaliches Quezon City
https://www.chanrobles.com/rulesofcourtevidence.htm#.XzskqvMzbIU

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 Chapter 2 Assessment

1. Explain the difference between the three types of judicial notices.

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2. Discuss the process of how and when a judicial notice may be made.
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