B.sc. Chemistry

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
B. Sc. WITH CHEMISTRY
1
Details of Courses Under Undergraduate Program (B.Sc.)
Course *Credits
===============================================================
Theory+ Practical Theory+Tutorials
I. Core Course 12×4= 48 12×5=60
(12 Papers)
04 Courses from each of the
03 disciplines of choice
Core Course Practical / Tutorial* 12×2=24 12×1=12
(12 Practical/ Tutorials*)
04 Courses from each of the
03 Disciplines of choice
II. Elective Course 6×4=24 6×5=30
(6 Papers)
Two papers from each discipline of choice
including paper of interdisciplinary nature.
Elective Course Practical / Tutorials* 6×2=12 6×1=6
(6 Practical / Tutorials*)
Two Papers from each discipline of choice including paper of interdisciplinary nature
 Optional Dissertation or project work in place of one Discipline elective paper (6

credits) in 6th Semester
2
III. Ability Enhancement Courses
1. Ability Enhancement Compulsory 2×2=4 2×2=4
(2 Papers of 2 credits each)
Environmental Science
English/MIL Communication
2. Skill Enhancement Course 4×2=8 4×2=8
(Skill Based)
(4 Papers of 2 credits each)
__________________ _________________
Total credit= 120 Total credit= 120
Institute should evolve a system/ policy about ECA/ General

Interest/Hobby/Sports/NCC/NSS/related courses on its own.
*Wherever there is practical there will be no tutorials and vice-versa
3
Proposed scheme for choice based credit system in B. Sc. Program
CORE Ability Enhancement Skill Discipline Specific

COURSE (12) Compulsory Course Enhancement Elective DSE (6)
(AECC) (2) Course (SEC) (2)
I DSC- 1 A (English /MIL

Communication)/
Atomic
Environmental Science
Structure,
Bonding,
General Organic
Chemistry &
Aliphatic
Hydrocarbons
DSC- 3 A
DSC- 1 B Environmental Science

II /(English/MIL
Chemical
Communication)
Energetics,
Equilibria &
Functional
Group Organic
Chemistry-I
DSC- 3 B
III DSC- 1 C SEC-1
Solutions,
Phase
equilibrium,
Conductance,
Electrochemist
ry &
4
Functional
Group Organic
Chemistry-II
DSC- 3 C
IV DSC- 1 D SEC -2
Coordination
chemistry,
States of
Matter &
Chemical
Kinetics
DSC- 3 D
V SEC -3 DSE-1 A
DSE-2 A
DSE-3 A
VI SEC -4 DSE-1 B
DSE-2 B
DSE-3 B
5
SEMESTER COURSE OPTED COURSE NAME Credits
I Ability Enhancement Compulsory English/MIL communications/ 2
Course-I Environmental Science
Core Course-I DSC 1A 6
Core Course-II Atomic Structure, Bonding, General 4
Organic Chemistry & Aliphatic
Hydrocarbons
Core Course-II Practical/ Tutorial Atomic Structure, Bonding, General 2
Organic Chemistry & Aliphatic
Hydrocarbons Lab
Core Course-III DSC 3A 6
II Ability Enhancement Compulsory English/MIL communications/ 2
Course-II Environmental Science
Core Course-IV DSC 1B 6
Core Course-V Chemical Energetics, Equilibria & 4
Functional Group Organic
Chemistry-I
Core Course-V Practical/ Tutorial Chemical Energetics, Equilibria & 2
Chemistry-I Lab
Core Course-VI DSC 3B 6
III Core Course-VII DSC 1C 6
Core Course-VIII Solutions, Phase Equilibria, 4
Conductance, Electrochemistry &
Chemistry-II
Core Course-VIII Practical/ Solutions, Phase Equilibria, 2
Tutorial Conductance, Electrochemistry &
Chemistry-II Lab.
Core Course-IX DSC 3C 6
Skill Enhancement Course -1 SEC-1 2
IV Core Course-X DSC 1D 6
Core Course-XI Coordination chemistry, States of 4
matter & Chemical kinetics
Course-XI Practical/Tutorial Coordination chemistry, States of 2
matter & Chemical kinetics Lab
Core Course-XII DSC 3D 6
Skill Enhancement Course -2 SEC-2 2
V Skill Enhancement Course -3 SEC-3 2
Discipline Specific Elective -1 DSE-1A 6
6
VI Skill Enhancement Course -4 SEC-4 2
Discipline Specific Elective -4 DSE-1B 6
Discipline Specific Elective -5 DSE-2B 6
Discipline Specific Elective-6 DSE-3B 6
Total 120
Credits
B.Sc. Program with Chemistry
Core papers Chemistry (Credit: 06 each) (CP 1-4):
1. Atomic Structure, Bonding, General Organic Chemistry & Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

(4) + Lab (4)
2. Chemical Energetics, Equilibria & Functional Group Organic Chemistry-I (4) + Lab
(4)
3. Conductance, Electrochemistry & Functional Group Organic Chemistry-II (4) + Lab
(4)
4. Coordination chemistry, States of Matter and Chemical Kinetics (4) + Lab (4)
Discipline Specific Elective papers (Credit: 06 each) (DSE 1, DSE 2): Choose 2
Chemistry
1. Applications of Computers in Chemistry (4) + Lab (4)
2. Analytical Methods in Chemistry (4) + Lab (4)
3. Molecular Modelling & Drug Design (4) + Lab (4)
4. Novel Inorganic Solids (4) + Lab (4)
5. Polymer Chemistry (4) + Lab (4)
6. Research Methodology for Chemistry (5) + Tutorials (1)
7. Green Chemistry (4) + Lab (4)
8. Industrial Chemicals & Environment (4) + Lab (4)
9. Inorganic Materials of Industrial Importance (4) + Lab (4)
10. Instrumental Methods of Analysis (4) + Lab (4)
11. Quantum Chemistry, Spectroscopy & Photochemistry (4) + Lab (4)
12. Organometallics, Bioinorganic chemistry, Polynuclear hydrocarbons and UV, IR
Spectroscopy
13. Molecules of Life
14. Dissertation
Note: Universities may include more options or delete some from this list
Skill Enhancement Course (any four) (Credit: 02 each) - SEC 1 to SEC 4
Chemistry
1. IT Skills for Chemists
2. Basic Analytical Chemistry
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3. Chemical Technology & Society
4. Chemoinformatics
5. Business Skills for Chemists
6. Intellectual Property Rights
7. Analytical Clinical Biochemistry
8. Green Methods in Chemistry
9. Pharmaceutical Chemistry
10. Chemistry of Cosmetics & Perfumes
11. Pesticide Chemistry
12. Fuel Chemistry
Note: Universities may include more options or delete some from this list
Important:
1. Each University/Institute should provide a brief write-up about each paper
outlining the salient features, utility, learning objectives and prerequisites.
2. University can add/delete some experiments of similar nature in the Laboratory
papers.
3. University can add to the list of reference books given at the end of each paper.
8
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Semester I
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CHEMISTRY-DSC 2A: ATOMIC STRUCTURE, BONDING, GENERAL ORGANIC

CHEMISTRY & ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
(Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02)
Theory: 60 Lectures
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry-1 (30 Periods)
Atomic Structure: Review of: Bohr’s theory and its limitations, dual behaviour of matter
and radiation, de Broglie’s relation, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. Hydrogen atom
spectra. Need of a new approach to Atomic structure.
What is Quantum mechanics? Time independent Schrodinger equation and meaning of

various terms in it. Significance of ψ and ψ2, Schrödinger equation for hydrogen atom. Radial
and angular parts of the hydogenic wavefunctions (atomic orbitals) and their variations for
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p and 3d orbitals (Only graphical representation). Radial and angular nodes
and their significance. Radial distribution functions and the concept of the most probable
distance with special reference to 1s and 2s atomic orbitals. Significance of quantum
numbers, orbital angular momentum and quantum numbers ml and ms. Shapes of s, p and d
atomic orbitals, nodal planes. Discovery of spin, spin quantum number (s) and magnetic spin
quantum number (ms).
Rules for filling electrons in various orbitals, Electronic configurations of the atoms. Stability
of half-filled and completely filled orbitals, concept of exchange energy. Relative energies of
atomic orbitals, Anomalous electronic configurations.
(14 Lectures)
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Ionic Bonding: General characteristics of ionic bonding. Energy considerations in ionic

bonding, lattice energy and solvation energy and their importance in the context of stability
and solubility of ionic compounds. Statement of Born-Landé equation for calculation of
lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle and its applications, polarizing power and polarizability.
Fajan’s rules, ionic character in covalent compounds, bond moment, dipole moment and
percentage ionic character.
Covalent bonding: VB Approach: Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the basis
of VSEPR and hybridization with suitable examples of linear, trigonal planar, square planar,
tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements.
Concept of resonance and resonating structures in various inorganic and organic compounds.
MO Approach: Rules for the LCAO method, bonding and antibonding MOs and their
characteristics for s-s, s-p and p-p combinations of atomic orbitals, nonbonding combination
9
of orbitals, MO treatment of homonuclear diatomic molecules of 1st and 2nd periods
(including idea of s-p mixing) and heteronuclear diatomic molecules such as CO, NO and
NO+. Comparison of VB and MO approaches.
(16 Lectures)
Section B: Organic Chemistry-1 (30 Periods)
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
Physical Effects, Electronic Displacements: Inductive Effect, Electromeric Effect, Resonance

and Hyperconjugation. Cleavage of Bonds: Homolysis and Heterolysis.
Structure, shape and reactivity of organic molecules: Nucleophiles and electrophiles.

Reactive Intermediates: Carbocations, Carbanions and free radicals.
Strength of organic acids and bases: Comparative study with emphasis on factors affecting
pK values. Aromaticity: Benzenoids and Hückel’s rule.
(8 Lectures)
Stereochemistry
Conformations with respect to ethane, butane and cyclohexane. Interconversion of Wedge

Formula, Newmann, Sawhorse and Fischer representations. Concept of chirality (upto two
carbon atoms). Configuration: Geometrical and Optical isomerism; Enantiomerism,
Diastereomerism and Meso compounds). Threo and erythro; D and L; cis - trans
nomenclature; CIP Rules: R/ S (for upto 2 chiral carbon atoms) and E / Z Nomenclature (for
upto two C=C systems).
(10 Lectures)
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be
studied in context to their structure.
Alkanes: (Upto 5 Carbons). Preparation: Catalytic hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction, Kolbe’s

synthesis, from Grignard reagent. Reactions: Free radical Substitution: Halogenation.
Alkenes: (Upto 5 Carbons) Preparation: Elimination reactions: Dehydration of alkenes and

dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (Saytzeff’s rule); cis alkenes (Partial catalytic
hydrogenation) and trans alkenes (Birch reduction). Reactions: cis-addition (alk. KMnO4)
and trans-addition (bromine), Addition of HX (Markownikoff’s and anti-Markownikoff’s
addition), Hydration, Ozonolysis, oxymecuration-demercuration, Hydroboration-oxidation.
Alkynes: (Upto 5 Carbons) Preparation: Acetylene from CaC2 and conversion into higher
alkynes; by dehalogenation of tetra halides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal-dihalides.
10
Reactions: formation of metal acetylides, addition of bromine and alkaline KMnO4,
ozonolysis and oxidation with hot alk. KMnO4.
(12 Lectures)
Reference Books:
 Lee, J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry ELBS, 1991.
 Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G. & Gaus, P.L. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed., Wiley.
 Douglas, B.E., McDaniel, D.H. & Alexander, J.J. Concepts and Models in Inorganic
Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons.
 Huheey, J.E., Keiter, E.A., Keiter, R.L. & Medhi, O.K. Inorganic Chemistry:
Principles of Structure and Reactivity, Pearson Education India, 2006.
 Graham Solomon, T.W., Fryhle, C.B. & Dnyder, S.A. Organic Chemistry, John
Wiley & Sons (2014).
 McMurry, J.E. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 7th Ed. Cengage Learning India
Edition, 2013.
 Sykes, P. A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman, New
Delhi (1988).
 Eliel, E.L. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds, Tata McGraw Hill education,
2000.
 Finar, I.L. Organic Chemistry (Vol. I & II), E.L.B.S.
 Morrison, R.T. & Boyd, R.N. Organic Chemistry, Pearson, 2010.
 Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.
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CHEMISTRY LAB: DSC 2A LAB: ATOMIC STRUCTURE, BONDING, GENERAL

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY & ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
60 Lectures
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry - Volumetric Analysis
1. Estimation of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate present in a mixture.
2. Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO4.
3. Estimation of water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO4.
4. Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K2Cr2O7 using internal indicator.
5. Estimation of Cu (II) ions iodometrically using Na2S2O3.
Section B: Organic Chemistry
1. Detection of extra elements (N, S, Cl, Br, I) in organic compounds (containing upto two
extra elements)
2. Separation of mixtures by Chromatography: Measure the Rf value in each case

(combination of two compounds to be given)
11
(a) Identify and separate the components of a given mixture of 2 amino acids (glycine,
aspartic acid, glutamic acid, tyrosine or any other amino acid) by paper chromatography
(b) Identify and separate the sugars present in the given mixture by paper chromatography.
Reference Books:
 Svehla, G. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012.
 Mendham, J. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Pearson, 2009.
 Vogel, A.I., Tatchell, A.R., Furnis, B.S., Hannaford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G., Textbook
of Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.
 Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry Orient-Longman, 1960.
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Semester II
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CHEMISTRY-DSC 2B: CHEMICAL ENERGETICS, EQUILIBRIA &

FUNCTIONAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Theory: 60 Lectures
Section A: Physical Chemistry-1 (30 Lectures)
Chemical Energetics
Review of thermodynamics and the Laws of Thermodynamics.
Important principles and definitions of thermochemistry. Concept of standard state and

standard enthalpies of formations, integral and differential enthalpies of solution and dilution.
Calculation of bond energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance energy from
thermochemical data. Variation of enthalpy of a reaction with temperature – Kirchhoff’s
equation.
Statement of Third Law of thermodynamics and calculation of absolute entropies of

substances.
(10 Lectures)
Chemical Equilibrium:
Free energy change in a chemical reaction. Thermodynamic derivation of the law of chemical
equilibrium. Distinction between ΔG and ΔGo, Le Chatelier’s principle. Relationships
between Kp, Kc and Kx for reactions involving ideal gases.
(8 Lectures)
12
Ionic Equilibria:
Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of
ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases,
pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of
hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions. Solubility and solubility product of
sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle.
(12 Lectures)
Section B: Organic Chemistry-2 (30 Lectures)
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Preparation (Case benzene): from phenol, by decarboxylation, from acetylene, from benzene
sulphonic acid.
Reactions: (Case benzene): Electrophilic substitution: nitration, halogenation and

sulphonation. Friedel-Craft’s reaction (alkylation and acylation) (upto 4 carbons on benzene).
Side chain oxidation of alkyl benzenes (upto 4 carbons on benzene).
(8 Lectures)
Alkyl and Aryl Halides
Alkyl Halides (Upto 5 Carbons) Types of Nucleophilic Substitution (SN1, SN2 and SNi)
reactions.
Preparation: from alkenes and alcohols.
Reactions: hydrolysis, nitrite & nitro formation, nitrile & isonitrile formation. Williamson’s
ether synthesis: Elimination vs substitution.
Aryl Halides Preparation: (Chloro, bromo and iodo-benzene case): from phenol, Sandmeyer
& Gattermann reactions.
Reactions (Chlorobenzene): Aromatic nucleophilic substitution (replacement by –OH group)

and effect of nitro substituent. Benzyne Mechanism: KNH2/NH3 (or NaNH2/NH3).
Reactivity and Relative strength of C-Halogen bond in alkyl, allyl, benzyl, vinyl and aryl
halides.
(8 Lectures)
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (Upto 5 Carbons)
13
Alcohols: Preparation: Preparation of 1о, 2о and 3о alcohols: using Grignard reagent, Ester
hydrolysis, Reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid and esters.
Reactions: With sodium, HX (Lucas test), esterification, oxidation (with PCC, alk. KMnO4,
acidic dichromate, conc. HNO3). Oppeneauer oxidation Diols: (Upto 6 Carbons) oxidation of
diols. Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement.
Phenols: (Phenol case) Preparation: Cumene hydroperoxide method, from diazonium salts.
Reactions: Electrophilic substitution: Nitration, halogenation and sulphonation. Reimer-
Tiemann Reaction, Gattermann-Koch Reaction, Houben–Hoesch Condensation, Schotten –
Baumann Reaction.
Ethers (aliphatic and aromatic): Cleavage of ethers with HI.
Aldehydes and ketones (aliphatic and aromatic): (Formaldehye, acetaldehyde, acetone and
benzaldehyde)
Preparation: from acid chlorides and from nitriles.
Reactions – Reaction with HCN, ROH, NaHSO3, NH2-G derivatives. Iodoform test. Aldol
Condensation, Cannizzaro’s reaction, Wittig reaction, Benzoin condensation. Clemensen
reduction and Wolff Kishner reduction. Meerwein-Pondorff Verley reduction.
(14 Lectures)
Reference Books:
 Graham Solomon, T.W., Fryhle, C.B. & Dnyder, S.A. Organic Chemistry, John
Wiley & Sons (2014).
 McMurry, J.E. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 7th Ed. Cengage Learning India
Edition, 2013.
 Sykes, P. A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman, New
Delhi (1988).
 Finar, I.L. Organic Chemistry (Vol. I & II), E.L.B.S.
 Morrison, R.T. & Boyd, R.N. Organic Chemistry, Pearson, 2010.
 Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.
 Barrow, G.M. Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw‐Hill (2007).
 Castellan, G.W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa (2004).
 Kotz, J.C., Treichel, P.M. & Townsend, J.R. General Chemistry Cengage Learning
India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2009).
 Mahan, B.H. University Chemistry 3rd Ed. Narosa (1998).
 Petrucci, R.H. General Chemistry 5th Ed. Macmillan Publishing Co.: New York
(1985).
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CHEMISTRY LAB- DSC 2B LAB: CHEMICAL ENERGETICS, EQUILIBRIA &

FUNCTIONAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
60 Lectures
14
Section A: Physical Chemistry
Thermochemistry
1. Determination of heat capacity of calorimeter for different volumes.
2. Determination of enthalpy of neutralization of hydrochloric acid with sodium
hydroxide.
3. Determination of enthalpy of ionization of acetic acid.
4. Determination of integral enthalpy of solution of salts (KNO3, NH4Cl).
5. Determination of enthalpy of hydration of copper sulphate.
6. Study of the solubility of benzoic acid in water and determination of ΔH.
Ionic equilibria
pH measurements
a) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos

and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass
electrode) using pH-meter.
b) Preparation of buffer solutions:
(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid
(ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide
Measurement of the pH of buffer solutions and comparison of the values with theoretical
values.

1. Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and
distillation.
2. Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.
3. Preparations: Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed.
Recrystallisation, determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields
to be done.
(a) Bromination of Phenol/Aniline
(b) Benzoylation of amines/phenols
(c) Oxime and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone
Reference Books
 Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R.
Chand & Co.: New Delhi (2011).
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15
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Semester III
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CHEMISTRY-DSC 2C: SOLUTIONS, PHASE EQUILIBRIUM, CONDUCTANCE,
ELECTROCHEMISTRY & FUNCTIONAL GROUP ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II
Theory: 60 Lectures
Section A: Physical Chemistry-2 (30 Lectures)
Solutions
Thermodynamics of ideal solutions: Ideal solutions and Raoult’s law, deviations from
Raoult’s law – non-ideal solutions. Vapour pressure-composition and temperature-
composition curves of ideal and non-ideal solutions. Distillation of solutions. Lever rule.
Azeotropes.
Partial miscibility of liquids: Critical solution temperature; effect of impurity on partial

miscibility of liquids. Immiscibility of liquids- Principle of steam distillation. Nernst
distribution law and its applications, solvent extraction.
(8 Lectures)
Phase Equilibrium
Phases, components and degrees of freedom of a system, criteria of phase equilibrium. Gibbs
Phase Rule and its thermodynamic derivation. Derivation of Clausius – Clapeyron equation
and its importance in phase equilibria. Phase diagrams of one-component systems (water and
sulphur) and two component systems involving eutectics, congruent and incongruent melting
points (lead-silver, FeCl3-H2O and Na-K only).
(8 Lectures)
Conductance
Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak
and strong electrolytes. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions.
Transference number and its experimental determination using Hittorf and Moving boundary
methods. Ionic mobility. Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree
of ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts,
ionic product of water, hydrolysis constant of a salt. Conductometric titrations (only acid-
base).
(6 Lectures)
Electrochemistry
16
Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of a cell.
Nernst equation and its importance. Types of electrodes. Standard electrode potential.
Electrochemical series. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic
properties: ΔG, ΔH and ΔS from EMF data.
Calculation of equilibrium constant from EMF data. Concentration cells with transference
and without transference. Liquid junction potential and salt bridge.
pH determination using hydrogen electrode and quinhydrone electrode.
Potentiometric titrations -qualitative treatment (acid-base and oxidation-reduction only).
(8 Lectures)
Carboxylic acids and their derivatives
Carboxylic acids (aliphatic and aromatic)
Preparation: Acidic and Alkaline hydrolysis of esters.
Reactions: Hell – Vohlard - Zelinsky Reaction.
Carboxylic acid derivatives (aliphatic): (Upto 5 carbons)
Preparation: Acid chlorides, Anhydrides, Esters and Amides from acids and their
interconversion.
Reactions: Comparative study of nucleophilicity of acyl derivatives. Reformatsky Reaction,

Perkin condensation.
(6 Lectures)
Amines and Diazonium Salts
Amines (Aliphatic and Aromatic): (Upto 5 carbons)
Preparation: from alkyl halides, Gabriel’s Phthalimide synthesis, Hofmann Bromamide

reaction.
Reactions: Hofmann vs. Saytzeff elimination, Carbylamine test, Hinsberg test, with HNO2,
Schotten – Baumann Reaction. Electrophilic substitution (case aniline): nitration,
bromination, sulphonation.
Diazonium salts: Preparation: from aromatic amines.
17
Reactions: conversion to benzene, phenol, dyes.
(6 Lectures)
Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins:
Preparation of Amino Acids: Strecker synthesis using Gabriel’s phthalimide synthesis.

Zwitterion, Isoelectric point and Electrophoresis.
Reactions of Amino acids: ester of –COOH group, acetylation of –NH2 group, complexation
with Cu2+ ions, ninhydrin test.
Overview of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structure of proteins.
Determination of Primary structure of Peptides by degradation Edmann degradation (N-

terminal) and C–terminal (thiohydantoin and with carboxypeptidase enzyme). Synthesis of
simple peptides (upto dipeptides) by N-protection (t-butyloxycarbonyl and phthaloyl) & C-
activating groups and Merrifield solid-phase synthesis.
(10 Lectures)
Carbohydrates: Classification, and General Properties, Glucose and Fructose (open chain
and cyclic structure), Determination of configuration of monosaccharides, absolute
configuration of Glucose and Fructose, Mutarotation, ascending and descending in
monosaccharides. Structure of disacharrides (sucrose, cellobiose, maltose, lactose) and
polysacharrides (starch and cellulose) excluding their structure elucidation.
(8 Lectures)
Reference Books:
 Kotz, J.C., Treichel, P.M. & Townsend, J.R. General Chemistry, Cengage Learning
India Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi (2009).
 Mahan, B.H. University Chemistry, 3rd Ed. Narosa (1998).
 Petrucci, R.H. General Chemistry, 5th Ed., Macmillan Publishing Co.: New York
(1985).
 Morrison, R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.
Ltd. (Pearson Education).
 Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(Pearson Education).
 Nelson, D. L. & Cox, M. M. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry 7th Ed., W. H.
Freeman.
 Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L. & Stryer, L. Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman, 2002.
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18
CHEMISTRY LAB-DSC 2C LAB: SOLUTIONS, PHASE EQUILIBRIUM,
CONDUCTANCE, ELECTROCHEMISTRY & FUNCTIONAL ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY-II
60 Lectures
Section A: Physical Chemistry
Distribution
Study of the equilibrium of one of the following reactions by the distribution method:
I2(aq) + I-(aq) I3-(aq)
Cu2+(aq) + xNH2(aq) [Cu(NH3)x]2+
Phase equilibria
a) Construction of the phase diagram of a binary system (simple eutectic) using

cooling curves.
b) Determination of the critical solution temperature and composition of the phenol
water system and study of the effect of impurities on it.
c) Study of the variation of mutual solubility temperature with concentration for the
phenol water system and determination of the critical solubility temperature.
Conductance
I. Determination of cell constant

II. Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation
constant of a weak acid.
III. Perform the following conductometric titrations:
i. Strong acid vs. strong base
ii. Weak acid vs. strong base
Potentiometry
Perform the following potentiometric titrations:

i. Strong acid vs. strong base
ii. Weak acid vs. strong base
iii. Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt
I Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing

monofunctional groups (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and
preparation of one derivative.
II
1. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography

2. Determination of the concentration of glycine solution by formylation method.
3. Titration curve of glycine
19
4. Action of salivary amylase on starch
5. Effect of temperature on the action of salivary amylase on starch.
6. Differentiation between a reducing and a nonreducing sugar.
Reference Books:
 Ahluwalia, V.K. & Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry,
Universities Press.
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Semester IV
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CHEMISTRY-DSC 2D: COORDINATION CHEMISTRY, STATES OF MATTER &

CHEMICAL KINETICS
Theory: 60 Lectures
Transition Elements (3d series)
General group trends with special reference to electronic configuration, variable valency,
colour, magnetic and catalytic properties, ability to form complexes and stability of various
oxidation states (Latimer diagrams) for Mn, Fe and Cu.
Lanthanoids and actinoids: Electronic configurations, oxidation states, colour, magnetic

properties, lanthanide contraction, separation of lanthanides (ion exchange method only).
(12 Lectures)
Coordination Chemistry
Valence Bond Theory (VBT): Inner and outer orbital complexes of Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu
(coordination numbers 4 and 6). Structural and stereoisomerism in complexes with
coordination numbers 4 and 6.
Drawbacks of VBT. IUPAC system of nomenclature.
(8 Lectures)
Crystal Field Theory
20
Crystal field effect, octahedral symmetry. Crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE), Crystal
field effects for weak and strong fields. Tetrahedral symmetry. Factors affecting the
magnitude of D. Spectrochemical series. Comparison of CFSE for Oh and Td complexes,
Tetragonal distortion of octahedral geometry.
Jahn-Teller distortion, Square planar coordination.
(10 Lectures)
Section B: Physical Chemistry-3 (30 Lectures)
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Postulates of Kinetic Theory of Gases and derivation of the kinetic gas equation.
Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour, compressibility factor, causes of deviation. van
der Waals equation of state for real gases. Boyle temperature (derivation not required).
Critical phenomena, critical constants and their calculation from van der Waals equation.
Andrews isotherms of CO2.
Maxwell Boltzmann distribution laws of molecular velocities and molecular energies

(graphic representation – derivation not required) and their importance.
Temperature dependence of these distributions. Most probable, average and root mean square
velocities (no derivation). Collision cross section, collision number, collision frequency,
collision diameter and mean free path of molecules. Viscosity of gases and effect of
temperature and pressure on coefficient of viscosity (qualitative treatment only).
(8 Lectures)
Liquids
Surface tension and its determination using stalagmometer. Viscosity of a liquid and
determination of coefficient of viscosity using Ostwald viscometer. Effect of temperature on
surface tension and coefficient of viscosity of a liquid (qualitative treatment only).
(6 Lectures)
Solids
Forms of solids. Symmetry elements, unit cells, crystal systems, Bravais lattice types and
identification of lattice planes. Laws of Crystallography - Law of constancy of interfacial
angles, Law of rational indices. Miller indices. X–Ray diffraction by crystals, Bragg’s law.
Structures of NaCl, KCl and CsCl (qualitative treatment only). Defects in crystals. Glasses
and liquid crystals.
(8 Lectures)
Chemical Kinetics
21
The concept of reaction rates. Effect of temperature, pressure, catalyst and other factors on
reaction rates. Order and molecularity of a reaction. Derivation of integrated rate equations
for zero, first and second order reactions (both for equal and unequal concentrations of
reactants). Half–life of a reaction. General methods for determination of order of a reaction.
Concept of activation energy and its calculation from Arrhenius equation.
Theories of Reaction Rates: Collision theory and Activated Complex theory of bimolecular
reactions. Comparison of the two theories (qualitative treatment only).
(8 Lectures)
Reference Books:
 Kotz, J.C., Treichel, P.M. & Townsend, J.R. General Chemistry Cengage Learning
India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2009).
 Mahan, B.H. University Chemistry 3rd Ed. Narosa (1998).
 Petrucci, R.H. General Chemistry 5th Ed. Macmillan Publishing Co.: New York
(1985).
 Cotton, F.A. & Wilkinson, G. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley.
 Shriver, D.F. & Atkins, P.W. Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press.
 Wulfsberg, G. Inorganic Chemistry, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.
 Rodgers, G.E. Inorganic & Solid State Chemistry, Cengage Learning India Ltd.,
2008.
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CHEMISTRY LAB-DSC 2D LAB: COORDINATION CHEMISTRY, STATES OF

MATTER & CHEMICAL KINETICS
60 Lectures
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry
Semi-micro qualitative analysis using H2S of mixtures - not more than four ionic species (two
anions and two cations and excluding insoluble salts) out of the following:
Cations : NH4+, Pb2+, Ag+, Bi3+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Sn2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Co2+, Cr3+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+,
Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, K+
Anions : CO32– , S2–, SO2–, S2O32–, NO3–, CH3COO–, Cl–, Br–, I–, NO3–,SO42-, PO43-, BO33-,
C2O42-, F-
(Spot tests should be carried out wherever feasible)
1. Estimate the amount of nickel present in a given solution as bis(dimethylglyoximato)

nickel(II) or aluminium as oximate in a given solution gravimetrically.
2. Draw calibration curve (absorbance at λmax vs. concentration) for various
concentrations of a given coloured compound (KMnO4/ CuSO4) and estimate the
concentration of the same in a given solution.
22
3. Determine the composition of the Fe3+-salicylic acid complex solution by Job’s
method.
4. Estimation of (i) Mg2+ or (ii) Zn2+ by complexometric titrations using EDTA.
5. Estimation of total hardness of a given sample of water by complexometric titration.
6. Determination of concentration of Na+ and K+ using Flame Photometry.
Section B: Physical Chemistry
(I) Surface tension measurement (use of organic solvents excluded).
a) Determination of the surface tension of a liquid or a dilute solution using a

stalagmometer.
b) Study of the variation of surface tension of a detergent solution with concentration.
(II) Viscosity measurement (use of organic solvents excluded).
a) Determination of the relative and absolute viscosity of a liquid or dilute solution

using an Ostwald’s viscometer.
b) Study of the variation of viscosity of an aqueous solution with concentration of
solute.
(III) Chemical Kinetics
Study the kinetics of the following reactions.

1. Initial rate method: Iodide-persulphate reaction
2. Integrated rate method:
a. Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid.
b. Saponification of ethyl acetate.
c. Compare the strengths of HCl and H2SO4 by studying kinetics of hydrolysis of
methyl acetate
Reference Books:
 Svehla, G. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012.
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Discipline Specific Electives

Select two papers
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CHEMISTRY-DSE I-IV (ELECTIVES)
CHEMISTRY-DSE: APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS IN CHEMISTRY

Theory: 60 Lectures
23
Basics:
Constants, variables, bits, bytes, binary and ASCII formats, arithmetic expressions, hierarchy
of operations, inbuilt functions. Elements of the BASIC language. BASIC keywords and
commands. Logical and relative operators. Strings and graphics. Compiled versus interpreted
languages. Debugging. Simple programs using these concepts. Matrix addition and
multiplication. Statistical analysis.
Numerical methods:
Roots of equations: Numerical methods for roots of equations: Quadratic formula, iterative
method, Newton-Raphson method, Binary bisection and Regula-Falsi.
Differential calculus: Numerical differentiation.
Integral calculus: Numerical integration (Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule), probability

distributions and mean values.
Simultaneous equations: Matrix manipulation: addition, multiplication. Gauss-Siedal method.
Interpolation, extrapolation and curve fitting: Handling of experimental data.
Conceptual background of molecular modelling: Potential energy surfaces. Elementary ideas

of molecular mechanics and practical MO methods.
Reference Books:
 Harris, D. C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 6th Ed., Freeman (2007) Chapters 3-5.
 Levie, R. de, How to use Excel in analytical chemistry and in general scientific data
analysis, Cambridge Univ. Press (2001) 487 pages.
 Noggle, J. H. Physical chemistry on a Microcomputer. Little Brown & Co. (1985).
 Venit, S.M. Programming in BASIC: Problem solving with structure and style. Jaico
Publishing House: Delhi (1996).
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PRACTICAL-DSE LAB: APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS IN CHEMISTRY

60 Lectures
Computer programs based on numerical methods for
1. Roots of equations: (e.g. volume of van der Waals gas and comparison with ideal gas, pH
of a weak acid).
2. Numerical differentiation (e.g., change in pressure for small change in volume of a van der
Waals gas, potentiometric titrations).
3. Numerical integration (e.g. entropy/ enthalpy change from heat capacity data), probability
distributions (gas kinetic theory) and mean values.
4. Matrix operations. Application of Gauss-Siedel method in colourimetry.

5. Simple exercises using molecular visualization software.
24
Reference Books:
 McQuarrie, D. A. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry University Science Books
(2008).
 Mortimer, R. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry. 3rd Ed. Elsevier (2005).
 Steiner, E. The Chemical Maths Book Oxford University Press (1996).
 Yates, P. Chemical Calculations. 2nd Ed. CRC Press (2007).
 Noggle, J. H. Physical Chemistry on a Microcomputer. Little Brown & Co. (1985).
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CHEMISTRY-DSE: ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY

Theory: 60 Lectures
Qualitative and quantitative aspects of analysis:
Sampling, evaluation of analytical data, errors, accuracy and precision, methods of their
expression, normal law of distribution if indeterminate errors, statistical test of data; F, Q and
t test, rejection of data, and confidence intervals.
(5 Lectures)
Optical methods of analysis:
Origin of spectra, interaction of radiation with matter, fundamental laws of spectroscopy and
selection rules, validity of Beer-Lambert’s law.
UV-Visible Spectrometry: Basic principles of instrumentation (choice of source,

monochromator and detector) for single and double beam instrument;
Basic principles of quantitative analysis: estimation of metal ions from aqueous solution,
geometrical isomers, keto-enol tautomers. Determination of composition of metal complexes
using Job’s method of continuous variation and mole ratio method.
Infrared Spectrometry: Basic principles of instrumentation (choice of source, monochromator

& detector) for single and double beam instrument; sampling techniques.
Structural illustration through interpretation of data, Effect and importance of isotope

substitution.
Flame Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectrometry: Basic principles of instrumentation

(choice of source, monochromator, detector, choice of flame and Burner designs. Techniques
of atomization and sample introduction; Method of background correction, sources of
chemical interferences and their method of removal. Techniques for the quantitative
estimation of trace level of metal ions from water samples.
25
(25 Lectures)
Thermal methods of analysis:
Theory of thermogravimetry (TG), basic principle of instrumentation.
Techniques for quantitative estimation of Ca and Mg from their mixture.
(5 Lectures)
Electroanalytical methods:
Classification of electroanalytical methods, basic principle of pH metric, potentiometric and

conductometric titrations. Techniques used for the determination of equivalence points.
Techniques used for the determination of pKa values.
(10 Lectures)
Separation techniques:
Solvent extraction: Classification, principle and efficiency of the technique.
Mechanism of extraction: extraction by solvation and chelation.
Technique of extraction: batch, continuous and counter current extractions.
Qualitative and quantitative aspects of solvent extraction: extraction of metal ions from
aqueous solution, extraction of organic species from the aqueous and nonaqueous media.
Chromatography: Classification, principle and efficiency of the technique.
Mechanism of separation: adsorption, partition & ion exchange.
Development of chromatograms: frontal, elution and displacement methods.
Qualitative and quantitative aspects of chromatographic methods of analysis: IC, GLC, GPC,
TLC and HPLC.
Stereoisomeric separation and analysis: Measurement of optical rotation, calculation of

Enantiomeric excess (ee)/ diastereomeric excess (de) ratios and determination of
enantiomeric composition using NMR, Chiral solvents and chiral shift reagents. Chiral
chromatographic techniques using chiral columns (GC and HPLC).
Role of computers in instrumental methods of analysis.
(15 Lectures)
Reference Books:
 Jeffery, G.H., Bassett, J., Mendham, J. & Denney, R.C. Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, 1989.
 Willard, H.H., Merritt, L.L., Dean, J. & Settoe, F.A. Instrumental Methods of
Analysis, 7th Ed. Wadsworth Publishing Company Ltd., Belmont, California, USA,
1988.
26
 Christian, G.D; Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2004.
 Harris, D. C. Exploring Chemical Analysis, Ed. New York, W.H. Freeman, 2001.
 Khopkar, S.M. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry. New Age, International
Publisher, 2009.
 Skoog, D.A. Holler F.J. & Nieman, T.A. Principles of Instrumental Analysis,
Cengage Learning India Ed.
 Mikes, O. Laboratory Hand Book of Chromatographic & Allied Methods, Elles
Harwood Series on Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 1979.
 Ditts, R.V. Analytical Chemistry; Methods of Separation, van Nostrand, 1974.
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PRACTICALS- DSE LAB: ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY
60 Lectures
I. Separation Techniques
1. Chromatography:
(a) Separation of mixtures
(i) Paper chromatographic separation of Fe3+, Al3+, and Cr3+.
(ii) Separation and identification of the monosaccharides present in the given mixture
(glucose & fructose) by paper chromatography. Reporting the Rf values.
(b) Separate a mixture of Sudan yellow and Sudan Red by TLC technique and identify them
on the basis of their Rf values.
(c) Chromatographic separation of the active ingredients of plants, flowers and juices by TLC
II. Solvent Extractions:
(i) To separate a mixture of Ni2+ & Fe2+ by complexation with DMG and extracting the Ni2+-
DMG complex in chloroform, and determine its concentration by spectrophotometry.
(ii) Solvent extraction of zisconium with amberliti LA-1, separation from a mixture of irons
and gallium.
3. Determine the pH of the given aerated drinks fruit juices, shampoos and soaps.
4. Determination of Na, Ca, Li in cola drinks and fruit juices using flame photometric
techniques.
5. Analysis of soil:
(i) Determination of pH of soil.
(ii) Total soluble salt
27
(iii) Estimation of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, nitrate
6. Ion exchange:
(i) Determination of exchange capacity of cation exchange resins and anion exchange resins.
(ii) Separation of metal ions from their binary mixture.
(iii) Separation of amino acids from organic acids by ion exchange chromatography.
III Spectrophotometry
1. Determination of pKa values of indicator using spectrophotometry.
2 Structural characterization of compounds by infrared spectroscopy.

3 Determination of dissolved oxygen in water.
4 Determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD).
5 Determination of Biological oxygen demand (BOD).
6 Determine the composition of the Ferric-salicylate/ ferric-thiocyanate complex by
Job’s method.
Reference Books:
 Jeffery, G.H., Bassett, J., Mendham, J. & Denney, R.C. Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, 1989.
Analysis, 7th Ed. Wadsworth Publishing Company Ltd., Belmont, California, USA,
1988.
 Christian, Gary D; Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York,
2004.
 Harris, Daniel C: Exploring Chemical Analysis, Ed. New York, W.H. Freeman, 2001.
 Khopkar, S.M. Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry. New Age, International
Publisher, 2009.
 Ditts, R.V. Analytical Chemistry; Methods of Separation, van Nostrand, 1974.
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CHEMISTRY-DSE: MOLECULAR MODELLING & DRUG DESIGN

Theory: 60 Lectures
Introduction to Molecular Modelling:
Introduction. Useful Concepts in Molecular Modelling: Coordinate Systems. Potential

Energy Surfaces. Molecular Graphics. Surfaces. Computer Hardware and Software. The
Molecular Modelling Literature.
28
(10 Lectures)
Force Fields:
Fields. Bond Stretching. Angle Bending. Introduction to nonbonded interactions.

Electrostatic interactions. van der Waals Interactions. Hydrogen bonding in Molecular
Mechanics. Force Field Models for the Simulation of Liquid Water.
(14 Lectures)
Energy Minimization and Computer Simulation:
Minimization and related methods for exploring the energy surface. Non-derivative method,
First and second order minimization methods. Computer simulation methods. Simple
thermodynamic properties and Phase Space. Boundaries. Analyzing the results of a
simulation and estimating Errors.
(12 Lectures)
Molecular Dynamics & Monte Carlo Simulation:
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Methods. Molecular Dynamics using simple models.

Molecular Dynamics with continuous potentials. Molecular Dynamics at constant
temperature and pressure. Metropolis method. Monte Carlo simulation of molecules. Models
used in Monte Carlo simulations of polymers.
(12 Lectures)
Structure Prediction and Drug Design:
Structure prediction - Introduction to comparative Modeling. Sequence alignment.

Constructing and evaluating a comparative model. Predicting protein structures by
'Threading’, Molecular docking. Structure based de novo ligand design,
Drug Discovery – Chemoinformatics – QSAR.
(12 Lectures)
Reference Books:
 Leach, A.R. Molecular Modelling Principles and Application, Longman, 2001.
 Haile, J.M. Molecular Dynamics Simulation Elementary Methods, John Wiley and
Sons, 1997.
 Gupta, S.P. QSAR and Molecular Modeling, Springer - Anamaya Publishers, 2008.
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PRACTICAL- DSE LAB: MOLECULA MODELLING & DRUG DESIGN

60 Lectures
29
i. Compare the optimized C-C bond lengths in ethane, ethene, ethyne and benzene.
Visualize the molecular orbitals of the ethane σ bonds and ethene, ethyne, benzene
and pyridine π bonds.
ii. (a) Perform a conformational analysis of butane. (b) Determine the enthalpy of
isomerization of cis and trans 2-butene.
iii. Visualize the electron density and electrostatic potential maps for LiH, HF, N2, NO
and CO and comment. Relate to the dipole moments. Animate the vibrations of these
molecules.
iv. (a) Relate the charge on the hydrogen atom in hydrogen halides with their acid
character. (b) Compare the basicities of the nitrogen atoms in ammonia, methylamine,
dimethylamine and trimethylamine.
v. (a) Compare the shapes of the molecules: 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol,
and 2-methyl-2-propanol. Note the dipole moment of each molecule. (b) Show how
the shapes affect the trend in boiling points: (118 ºC, 100 ºC, 108 ºC, 82 ºC,
respectively).
vi. Build and minimize organic compounds of your choice containing the following
functional groups. Note the dipole moment of each compound: (a) alkyl halide (b)
aldehyde (c) ketone (d) amine (e) ether (f) nitrile (g) thiol (h) carboxylic acid (i) ester
(j) amide.
vii. (a) Determine the heat of hydration of ethylene. (b) Compute the resonance energy of
benzene by comparison of its enthalpy of hydrogenation with that of cyclohexene.
viii. Arrange 1-hexene, 2-methyl-2-pentene, (E)-3-methyl-2-pentene, (Z)-3-methyl-2-
pentene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene in order of increasing stability.
ix. (a) Compare the optimized bond angles H2O, H2S, H2Se. (b) Compare the HAH bond
angles for the second row dihydrides and compare with the results from qualitative
MO theory.
Note: Software: ChemSketch, ArgusLab (www.planaria-software.com), TINKER 6.2

(dasher.wustl.edu/ffe), WebLab Viewer, Hyperchem, or any similar software.
Reference Books:
 Leach, A.R. Molecular Modelling Principles and Application, Longman, 2001.
 Haile, J.M. Molecular Dynamics Simulation Elementary Methods, John Wiley and
Sons, 1997.
 Gupta, S.P. QSAR and Molecular Modeling, Springer - Anamaya Publishers, 2008.
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CHEMISTRY-DSE: NOVEL INORGANIC SOLIDS

Theory: 60 Lectures
Synthesis and modification of inorganic solids:
Conventional heat and beat methods, Co-precipitation method, Sol-gel methods,

Hydrothermal method, Ion-exchange and Intercalation methods.
(10 Lectures)
30
Inorganic solids of technological importance:
Solid electrolytes – Cationic, anionic, mixed Inorganic pigments – coloured solids, white and
black pigments.
Molecular material and fullerides, molecular materials & chemistry – one-dimensional

metals, molecular magnets, inorganic liquid crystals.
(10 Lectures)
Nanomaterials:
Overview of nanostructures and nanomaterials: classification.
Preparation of gold and silver metallic nanoparticles, self-assembled nanostructures-control

of nanoarchitecture-one dimensional control. Carbon nanotubes and inorganic nanowires.
Bio-inorganic nanomaterials, DNA and nanomaterials, natural and antisical nanomaterials,
bionano composites.
(10 Lectures)
Introduction to engineering materials for mechanical construction:
Composition, mechanical and fabricating characteristics and applications of various types of

cast irons, plain carbon and alloy steels, copper, aluminium and their alloys like duralumin,
brasses and bronzes cutting tool materials, super alloys thermoplastics, thermosets and
composite materials.
(10 Lectures)
Composite materials:
Introduction, limitations of conventional engineering materials, role of matrix in composites,

classification, matrix materials, reinforcements, metal-matrix composites, polymer-matrix
composites, fibre-reinforced composites, environmental effects on composites, applications
of composites.
(10 Lectures)
Speciality polymers:
Conducting polymers - Introduction, conduction mechanism, polyacetylene,

polyparaphenylene and polypyrrole, applications of conducting polymers, Ion-exchange
resins and their applications. Ceramic & Refractory: Introduction, classification, properties,
raw materials, manufacturing and applications.
(10 Lectures)
Reference Books:
 Shriver & Atkins. Inorganic Chemistry, Peter Alkins, Tina Overton, Jonathan Rourke,
31
Mark Weller and Fraser Armstrong, 5th Edition, Oxford University Press (2011-2012)
 Adam, D.M. Inorganic Solids: An introduction to concepts in solid-state structural
chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, 1974.
 Poole, C.P. & Owens, F.J. Introduction to Nanotechnology John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
 Rodger, G.E. Inorganic and Solid State Chemistry, Cengage Learning India Edition,
2002.
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CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL - DSE LAB: NOVEL INORGANIC SOLIDS
60 Lectures
1. Determination of cation exchange method
2. Determination of total difference of solids.
3. Synthesis of hydrogel by co-precipitation method.
4. Synthesis of silver and gold metal nanoparticles.
Reference Book:
 Fahlman, B.D. Materials Chemistry, Springer, 2004.
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CHEMISTRY-DSE: POLYMER CHEMISTRY

Theory: 60 Lectures
Introduction and history of polymeric materials:
Different schemes of classification of polymers, Polymer nomenclature, Molecular forces and

chemical bonding in polymers, Texture of Polymers.
(4 Lectures)
Functionality and its importance:
Criteria for synthetic polymer formation, classification of polymerization processes,

Relationships between functionality, extent of reaction and degree of polymerization. Bi-
functional systems, Poly-functional systems.
(8 Lectures)
Kinetics of Polymerization:
Mechanism and kinetics of step growth, radical chain growth, ionic chain (both cationic and
anionic) and coordination polymerizations, Mechanism and kinetics of copolymerization,
polymerization techniques.
(8 lectures)
32
Crystallization and crystallinity:
Determination of crystalline melting point and degree of crystallinity, Morphology of

crystalline polymers, Factors affecting crystalline melting point.
(4 Lectures)
Nature and structure of polymers-Structure Property relationships.
(2 Lectures)
Determination of molecular weight of polymers (Mn, Mw, etc) by end group analysis,
viscometry, light scattering and osmotic pressure methods. Molecular weight distribution and
its significance.
Polydispersity index.
(8 Lectures)
Glass transition temperature (Tg) and determination of Tg, Free volume theory, WLF
equation, Factors affecting glass transition temperature (Tg).
(8 Lectures)
Polymer Solution – Criteria for polymer solubility, Solubility parameter, Thermodynamics

of polymer solutions, entropy, enthalpy, and free energy change of mixing of polymers
solutions, Flory- Huggins theory, Lower and Upper critical solution temperatures.
(8 Lectures)
Properties of Polymers (Physical, thermal, Flow & Mechanical Properties).
Brief introduction to preparation, structure, properties and application of the following

polymers: polyolefins, polystyrene and styrene copolymers, poly(vinyl chloride) and related
polymers, poly(vinyl acetate) and related polymers, acrylic polymers, fluoro polymers,
polyamides and related polymers. Phenol formaldehyde resins (Bakelite, Novalac),
polyurethanes, silicone polymers, polydienes,
Polycarbonates, Conducting Polymers, [polyacetylene, polyaniline, poly(p-phenylene

sulphide polypyrrole, polythiophene)].
(10 Lectures)
Reference Books:
 Seymour, R.B. & Carraher, C.E. Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, Marcel Dekker,
Inc. New York, 1981.
 Odian, G. Principles of Polymerization, 4th Ed. Wiley, 2004.
 Billmeyer, F.W. Textbook of Polymer Science, 2nd Ed. Wiley Interscience, 1971.
 Ghosh, P. Polymer Science & Technology, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 1991.
33
 Lenz, R.W. Organic Chemistry of Synthetic High Polymers. Interscience Publishers, New
York, 1967.
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CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL - DSE LAB: POLYMER CHEMISTRY
60 Lectures
1. Polymer synthesis
1. Free radical solution polymerization of styrene (St) / Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) /

Methyl Acrylate (MA) / Acrylic acid (AA).
a. Purification of monomer
b. Polymerization using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) / 2,2’-azo-bis-isobutylonitrile
(AIBN)
2. Preparation of nylon 66/6
1. Interfacial polymerization, preparation of polyester from isophthaloyl chloride (IPC)

and phenolphthalein
a. Preparation of IPC
b. Purification of IPC
c. Interfacial polymerization
3. Redox polymerization of acrylamide
4. Precipitation polymerization of acrylonitrile
5. Preparation of urea-formaldehyde resin
6. Preparations of novalac resin/resold resin.
7. Microscale Emulsion Polymerization of Poly(methylacrylate).
Polymer characterization
1. Determination of molecular weight by viscometry:

(a) Polyacrylamide-aq.NaNO2 solution
(b) (Poly vinyl proplylidine (PVP) in water
2. Determination of the viscosity-average molecular weight of poly(vinyl alcohol)
(PVOH) and the fraction of “head-to-head” monomer linkages in the polymer.
3. Determination of molecular weight by end group analysis: Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
(OH group).
4. Testing of mechanical properties of polymers.
5. Determination of hydroxyl number of a polymer using colorimetric method.
Polymer analysis
1. Estimation of the amount of HCHO in the given solution by sodium sulphite method
2. Instrumental Techniques
3. IR studies of polymers
4. DSC analysis of polymers
5. Preparation of polyacrylamide and its electrophoresis
34
*at least 7 experiments to be carried out.
Reference Books:
 M.P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, 3rd Ed., Oxford University Press,
1999.
 H.R. Allcock, F.W. Lampe & J.E. Mark, Contemporary Polymer Chemistry, 3rd ed.
Prentice-Hall (2003)
 F.W. Billmeyer, Textbook of Polymer Science, 3rd ed. Wiley-Interscience (1984)
 J.R. Fried, Polymer Science and Technology, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall (2003)
 P. Munk & T.M. Aminabhavi, Introduction to Macromolecular Science, 2nd ed. John
Wiley & Sons (2002)
 L. H. Sperling, Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons
(2005)
 M.P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction 3rd ed. Oxford University Press
(2005).
 Seymour/ Carraher’s Polymer Chemistry, 9th ed. by Charles E. Carraher, Jr. (2013).
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CHEMISTRY-DSE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR CHEMISTRY

(Credits: Theory-05, Tutorials-01)
Theory: 75 Lectures
Literature Survey:
Print: Sources of information: Primary, secondary, tertiary sources; Journals: Journal

abbreviations, abstracts, current titles, reviews, monographs, dictionaries, text-books, current
contents, Introduction to Chemical Abstracts and Beilstein, Subject Index, Substance Index,
Author Index, Formula Index, and other Indices with examples.
Digital: Web resources, E-journals, Journal access, TOC alerts, Hot articles, Citation index,
Impact factor, H-index, E-consortium, UGC infonet, E-books, Internet discussion groups and
communities, Blogs, Preprint servers, Search engines, Scirus, Google Scholar, ChemIndustry,
Wiki- Databases, ChemSpider, Science Direct, SciFinder, Scopus.
Information Technology and Library Resources: The Internet and World Wide Web.
Internet resources for chemistry. Finding and citing published information.
(20 Lectures)
Methods of Scientific Research and Writing Scientific Papers:
Reporting practical and project work. Writing literature surveys and reviews. Organizing a
poster display. Giving an oral presentation.
35
Writing scientific papers – justification for scientific contributions, bibliography, description
of methods, conclusions, the need for illustration, style, publications of scientific work.
Writing ethics. Avoiding plagiarism.
(20 Lectures)
Chemical Safety and Ethical Handling of Chemicals:
Safe working procedure and protective environment, protective apparel, emergency

procedure and first aid, laboratory ventilation. Safe storage and use of hazardous chemicals,
procedure for working with substances that pose hazards, flammable or explosive hazards,
procedures for working with gases at pressures above or below atmospheric – safe storage
and disposal of waste chemicals, recovery, recycling and reuse of laboratory chemicals,
procedure for laboratory disposal of explosives, identification, verification and segregation of
laboratory waste, disposal of chemicals in the sanitary sewer system, incineration and
transportation of hazardous chemicals.
(12 Lectures)
Data Analysis
The Investigative Approach: Making and Recording Measurements. SI Units and their
use.Scientific method and design of experiments.
Analysis and Presentation of Data: Descriptive statistics. Choosing and using statistical tests.
Chemometrics. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Correlation and regression, Curve fitting,
fitting of linear equations, simple linear cases, weighted linear case, analysis of residuals,
General polynomial fitting, linearizing transformations, exponential function fit, r and its
abuse. Basic aspects of multiple linear regression analysis.
(13 Lectures)
Electronics
Basic fundamentals of electronic circuits and their components used in circuits of common
instruments like spectrophotometers, typical circuits involving operational amplifiers for
electrochemical instruments. Elementary aspects of digital electronics.
(10 Lectures)
Reference Books
 Dean, J. R., Jones, A. M., Holmes, D., Reed, R., Weyers, J. & Jones, A. (2011)
Practical skills in chemistry. 2nd Ed. Prentice-Hall, Harlow.
 Hibbert, D. B. & Gooding, J. J. (2006) Data analysis for chemistry. Oxford
University Press.
 Topping, J. (1984) Errors of observation and their treatment. Fourth Ed., Chapman
Hall, London.
 Harris, D. C. Quantitative chemical analysis. 6th Ed., Freeman (2007) Chapters 3-5.
analysis. Cambridge Univ. Press (2001) 487 pages.
 Chemical safety matters – IUPAC – IPCS, Cambridge University Press, 1992.
36
 OSU safety manual 1.01.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHEMISTRY-DSE: GREEN CHEMISTRY

Theory: 60 Lectures
Introduction to Green Chemistry
What is Green Chemistry? Need for Green Chemistry. Goals of Green Chemistry.
Limitations/ Obstacles in the pursuit of the goals of Green Chemistry
(4 Lectures)
Principles of Green Chemistry and Designing a Chemical synthesis
Twelve principles of Green Chemistry with their explanations and examples and special
emphasis on the following:
 Designing a Green Synthesis using these principles; Prevention of Waste/ byproducts;

maximum incorporation of the materials used in the process into the final products ,
Atom Economy, calculation of atom economy of the rearrangement, addition,
substitution and elimination reactions.
 Prevention/ minimization of hazardous/ toxic products reducing toxicity.
risk = (function) hazard × exposure; waste or pollution prevention hierarchy.
 Green solvents– supercritical fluids, water as a solvent for organic reactions, ionic
liquids, fluorous biphasic solvent, PEG, solventless processes, immobilized solvents
and how to compare greenness of solvents.
 Energy requirements for reactions – alternative sources of energy: use of microwaves
and ultrasonic energy.
 Selection of starting materials; avoidance of unnecessary derivatization – careful use
of blocking/protecting groups.
 Use of catalytic reagents (wherever possible) in preference to stoichiometric reagents;
catalysis and green chemistry, comparison of heterogeneous and homogeneous
catalysis, biocatalysis, asymmetric catalysis and photocatalysis.
 Prevention of chemical accidents designing greener processes, inherent safer design,
principle of ISD “What you don’t have cannot harm you”, greener alternative to
Bhopal Gas Tragedy (safer route to carcarbaryl) and Flixiborough accident (safer
route to cyclohexanol) subdivision of ISD, minimization, simplification, substitution,
moderation and limitation.
 Strengthening/ development of analytical techniques to prevent and minimize the
generation of hazardous substances in chemical processes.
(30 Lectures)
Examples of Green Synthesis/ Reactions and some real world cases
37
1. Green Synthesis of the following compounds: adipic acid, catechol, disodium
iminodiacetate (alternative to Strecker synthesis)
2. Microwave assisted reactions in water: Hofmann Elimination, methyl benzoate to benzoic
acid, oxidation of toluene and alcohols; microwave assisted reactions in organic solvents
Diels-Alder reaction and Decarboxylation reaction
3. Ultrasound assisted reactions: sonochemical Simmons-Smith Reaction (Ultrasonic
alternative to Iodine)
4 Surfactants for carbon dioxide – replacing smog producing and ozone depleting
solvents with CO2 for precision cleaning and dry cleaning of garments.
5 Designing of Environmentally safe marine antifoulant.
6 Rightfit pigment: synthetic azopigments to replace toxic organic and inorganic
pigments.
7 An efficient, green synthesis of a compostable and widely applicable plastic (poly
lactic acid) made from corn.
8 Healthier fats and oil by Green Chemistry: Enzymatic interesterification for
production of no Trans-Fats and Oils
9 Development of Fully Recyclable Carpet: Cradle to Cradle Carpeting
(16 Lectures)
Future Trends in Green Chemistry
Oxidation reagents and catalysts; Biomimetic, multifunctional reagents; Combinatorial green

chemistry; Proliferation of solventless reactions; co crystal controlled solid state synthesis
(C2S3); Green chemistry in sustainable development.
(10 Lectures)
Reference Books:
 Ahluwalia, V.K. & Kidwai, M.R. New Trends in Green Chemistry, Anamalaya
Publishers (2005).
 Anastas, P.T. & Warner, J.K.: Green Chemistry - Theory and Practical, Oxford
University Press (1998).
 Matlack, A.S. Introduction to Green Chemistry, Marcel Dekker (2001).
 Cann, M.C. & Connely, M.E. Real-World cases in Green Chemistry, American
Chemical Society, Washington (2000).
 Ryan, M.A. & Tinnesand, M. Introduction to Green Chemistry, American Chemical
Society, Washington (2002).
 Lancaster, M. Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text RSC Publishing, 2nd Edition,
2010.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL - DSE LAB: GREEN CHEMISTRY
60 Lectures
38
1. Safer starting materials
 Preparation and characterization of nanoparticles of gold using tea leaves.
2. Using renewable resources
 Preparation of biodiesel from vegetable/ waste cooking oil.
3. Avoiding waste
Principle of atom economy.
 Use of molecular model kit to stimulate the reaction to investigate how the atom
economy can illustrate Green Chemistry.
 Preparation of propene by two methods can be studied
(I) Triethylamine ion + OH- → propene + trimethylpropene + water
H2SO4/
(II) 1-propanol propene + water
 Other types of reactions, like addition, elimination, substitution and rearrangement

should also be studied for the calculation of atom economy.
4. Use of enzymes as catalysts
 Benzoin condensation using Thiamine Hydrochloride as a catalyst instead of cyanide.
5. Alternative Green solvents
Extraction of D-limonene from orange peel using liquid CO2 prepared form dry ice.
Mechanochemical solvent free synthesis of azomethines
6. Alternative sources of energy

 Solvent free, microwave assisted one pot synthesis of phthalocyanine complex of
copper (II).
 Photoreduction of benzophenone to benzopinacol in the presence of sunlight.
Reference Books:
 Anastas, P.T & Warner, J.C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, Oxford
 Kirchoff, M. & Ryan, M.A. Greener approaches to undergraduate chemistry
experiment. American Chemical Society, Washington DC (2002).
 Ryan, M.A. Introduction to Green Chemistry, Tinnesand; (Ed), American Chemical
Society, Washington DC (2002).
 Sharma, R.K.; Sidhwani, I.T. & Chaudhari, M.K. I.K. Green Chemistry Experiment:
A monograph International Publishing House Pvt Ltd. New Delhi. Bangalore CISBN
978-93-81141-55-7 (2013).
 Cann, M.C. & Connelly, M. E. Real world cases in Green Chemistry, American
Chemical Society (2008).
39
 Cann, M. C. & Thomas, P. Real world cases in Green Chemistry, American Chemical
Society (2008).
 Lancaster, M. Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text RSC Publishing, 2nd Edition,
2010.
 Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., Kriz, G.S. & Engel, R.G. Introduction to Organic
Laboratory Techniques: A Microscale and Macro Scale Approach, W.B.Saunders,
1995.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHEMISTRY-DSE: INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS AND ENVIRONMENT
Theory: 60 Lectures
Industrial Gases and Inorganic Chemicals
Industrial Gases: Large scale production, uses, storage and hazards in handling of the
following gases: oxygen, nitrogen, argon, neon, helium, hydrogen, acetylene, carbon
monoxide, chlorine, fluorine, sulphur dioxide and phosgene.
Inorganic Chemicals: Manufacture, application, analysis and hazards in handling the

following chemicals: hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, caustic soda, common salt,
borax, bleaching powder, sodium thiosulphate, hydrogen peroxide, potash alum, chrome
alum, potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate.
(10 Lectures)
Industrial Metallurgy
General Principles of Metallurgy
Chief modes of occurrence of metals based on standard electrode potentials. Ellingham

diagrams for reduction of metal oxides using carbon as reducing agent.
Hydrometallurgy, Methods of purification of metals (Al, Pb, Ti, Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn): electrolytic,
oxidative refining, Kroll process, Parting process, van Arkel-de Boer process and Mond’s
process.
Preparation of metals (ferrous and nonferrous) and ultrapure metals for semiconductor
technology.
(8 Lectures)
Environment and its segments
Ecosystems. Biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur.
Air Pollution: Major regions of atmosphere. Chemical and photochemical reactions in

atmosphere. Air pollutants: types, sources, particle size and chemical nature; Photochemical
smog: its constituents and photochemistry. Environmental effects of ozone, Major sources of
40
air pollution.
Pollution by SO2, CO2, CO, NOx, H2S and other foul smelling gases. Methods of estimation
of CO, NOx, SOx and control procedures.
Effects of air pollution on living organisms and vegetation. Greenhouse effect and Global
warming, Ozone depletion by oxides of nitrogen, chlorofluorocarbons and Halogens, removal
of sulphur from coal. Control of particulates.
Water Pollution: Hydrological cycle, water resources, aquatic ecosystems, Sources and
nature of water pollutants, Techniques for measuring water pollution, Impacts of water
pollution on hydrological and ecosystems.
Water purification methods. Effluent treatment plants (primary, secondary and tertiary
treatment). Industrial effluents from the following industries and their treatment:
electroplating, textile, tannery, dairy, petroleum and petrochemicals, agro, fertilizer, etc.
Sludge disposal.
Industrial waste management, incineration of waste. Water treatment and purification

(reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, ion exchange). Water quality parameters for waste water,
industrial water and domestic water.
(30 Lectures)
Energy & Environment
Sources of energy: Coal, petrol and natural gas. Nuclear Fusion / Fission, Solar energy,
Hydrogen, geothermal, Tidal and Hydel, etc.
Nuclear Pollution: Disposal of nuclear waste, nuclear disaster and its management.
(10 Lectures)
Biocatalysis
Introduction to biocatalysis: Importance in “Green Chemistry” and Chemical Industry.
(6 Lectures)
Reference Books:
 E. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK.

 R.M. Felder, R.W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Wiley
Publishers, New Delhi.
 J. A. Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, CBS Publishers, New Delhi.
 S. S. Dara: A Textbook of Engineering Chemistry, S. Chand & Company Ltd. New
Delhi.
 K. De, Environmental Chemistry: New Age International Pvt., Ltd, New Delhi.
 S. M. Khopkar, Environmental Pollution Analysis: Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi.
41
 S.E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, CRC Press (2005).
 G.T. Miller, Environmental Science 11th edition. Brooks/ Cole (2006).
 A. Mishra, Environmental Studies. Selective and Scientific Books, New Delhi (2005).
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CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL - DSE LAB: INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS &

ENVIRONMENT
60 Lectures
1. Determination of dissolved oxygen in water.
2. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
3. Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
4. Percentage of available chlorine in bleaching powder.
5. Measurement of chloride, sulphate and salinity of water samples by simple titration
method (AgNO3 and potassium chromate).
6. Estimation of total alkalinity of water samples (CO32-, HCO3-) using double titration
method.
7. Measurement of dissolved CO2.
8. Study of some of the common bio-indicators of pollution.
9. Estimation of SPM in air samples.
10. Preparation of borax/ boric acid.
Reference Books:
 R.M. Felder, R.W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Wiley
 S. S. Dara: A Textbook of Engineering Chemistry, S. Chand & Company Ltd. New
Delhi.
 K. De, Environmental Chemistry: New Age International Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
 S. M. Khopkar, Environmental Pollution Analysis: Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHEMISTRY-DSE: INORGANIC MATERIALS OF INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE

Theory: 60 Lectures
Recapitulation of s- and p-Block Elements
Periodicity in s- and p-block elements with respect to electronic configuration, atomic and
ionic size, ionization enthalpy, electronegativity (Pauling, Mulliken, and Alfred-Rochow
scales). Allotropy in C, S, and P.
Oxidation states with reference to elements in unusual and rare oxidation states like carbides
and nitrides), inert pair effect, diagonal relationship and anomalous behaviour of first
member of each group.
(4 Lectures)
Silicate Industries
42
Glass: Glassy state and its properties, classification (silicate and non-silicate glasses).
Manufacture and processing of glass. Composition and properties of the following types of
glasses: Soda lime glass, lead glass, armoured glass, safety glass, borosilicate glass,
fluorosilicate, coloured glass, photosensitive glass.
Ceramics: Important clays and feldspar, ceramic, their types and manufacture. High
technology ceramics and their applications, superconducting and semiconducting oxides,
fullerenes carbon nanotubes and carbon fibre.
Cements: Classification of cement, ingredients and their role, Manufacture of cement and the
setting process, quick setting cements.
(14 Lectures)
Fertilizers:
Different types of fertilizers. Manufacture of the following fertilizers: Urea, ammonium

nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphates; polyphosphate, superphosphate,
compound and mixed fertilizers, potassium chloride, potassium sulphate.
(8 Lectures)
Surface Coatings:
Objectives of coatings surfaces, preliminary treatment of surface, classification of surface

coatings. Paints and pigments-formulation, composition and related properties. Oil paint,
Vehicle, modified oils, Pigments, toners and lakes pigments, Fillers, Thinners, Enamels,
emulsifying agents. Special paints (Heat retardant, Fire retardant, Eco-friendly paint, Plastic
paint), Dyes, Wax polishing, Water and Oil paints, additives, Metallic coatings (electrolytic
and electroless), metal spraying and anodizing.
(8 Lectures)
Batteries:
Primary and secondary batteries, battery components and their role, Characteristics of
Battery. Working of following batteries: Pb acid, Li-Battery, Solid state electrolyte battery.
Fuel cells, Solar cell and polymer cell.
(8 Lectures)
Alloys:
Classification of alloys, ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, Specific properties of elements in

alloys. Manufacture of Steel (removal of silicon decarbonization, demanganization,
desulphurization dephosphorisation) and surface treatment (argon treatment, heat treatment,
nitriding, carburizing). Composition and properties of different types of steels.
(8 Lectures)
43
Catalysis:
General principles and properties of catalysts, homogenous catalysis (catalytic steps and
examples) and heterogenous catalysis (catalytic steps and examples) and their industrial
applications, Deactivation or regeneration of catalysts.
Phase transfer catalysts, application of zeolites as catalysts.
(6 Lectures)
Chemical explosives:
Origin of explosive properties in organic compounds, preparation and explosive properties of

lead azide, PETN, cyclonite (RDX). Introduction to rocket propellants.
(4 Lectures)
Reference Books:
 R. M. Felder, R. W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Wiley
 W. D. Kingery, H. K. Bowen, D. R. Uhlmann: Introduction to Ceramics, Wiley
 P. C. Jain & M. Jain: Engineering Chemistry, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi.
 R. Gopalan, D. Venkappayya, S. Nagarajan: Engineering Chemistry, Vikas
Publications, New Delhi.
 B. K. Sharma: Engineering Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut
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PRACTICALS-DSE LAB: INORGANIC MATERIALS OF INDUSTRIAL

IMPORTANCE
60 Lectures
1. Determination of free acidity in ammonium sulphate fertilizer.
2. Estimation of calcium in calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer.
3. Estimation of phosphoric acid in superphosphate fertilizer.
4. Electroless metallic coatings on ceramic and plastic material.
5. Determination of composition of dolomite (by complexometric titration).
6. Analysis of (Cu, Ni); (Cu, Zn ) in alloy or synthetic samples.
7. Analysis of Cement.
8. Preparation of pigment (zinc oxide).
Reference Books:
 R. M. Felder, R. W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Wiley
44
 W. D. Kingery, H. K. Bowen, D. R. Uhlmann: Introduction to Ceramics, Wiley
 P. C. Jain, M. Jain: Engineering Chemistry, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi.
 R. Gopalan, D. Venkappayya, S. Nagarajan: Engineering Chemistry, Vikas
Publications, New Delhi.
 Sharma, B.K. & Gaur, H. Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut (1996).
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CHEMISTRY-DSE: INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

Theory: 60 Lectures
Introduction to spectroscopic methods of analysis:
Recap of the spectroscopic methods covered in detail in the core chemistry syllabus:
Treatment of analytical data, including error analysis. Classification of analytical methods
and the types of instrumental methods. Consideration of electromagnetic radiation.
(4 Lectures)
Molecular spectroscopy:
Infrared spectroscopy:
Interactions with molecules: absorption and scattering. Means of excitation (light sources),
separation of spectrum (wavelength dispersion, time resolution), detection of the signal (heat,
differential detection), interpretation of spectrum (qualitative, mixtures, resolution),
advantages of Fourier Transform (FTIR). Samples and results expected. Applications: Issues
of quality assurance and quality control, Special problems for portable instrumentation and
rapid detection.
UV-Visible/ Near IR – emission, absorption, fluorescence and photoaccoustic. Excitation

sources (lasers, time resolution), wavelength dispersion (gratings, prisms, interference filters,
laser, placement of sample relative to dispersion, resolution), Detection of signal (photocells,
photomultipliers, diode arrays, sensitivity and S/N), Single and Double Beam instruments,
Interpretation (quantification, mixtures, absorption vs. fluorescence and the use of time,
photoaccoustic, fluorescent tags).
(16 Lectures)
Separation techniques
Chromatography: Gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, supercritical fluids,

Importance of column technology (packing, capillaries), Separation based on increasing
number of factors (volatility, solubility, interactions with stationary phase, size, electrical
field), Detection: simple vs. specific (gas and liquid), Detection as a means of further analysis
(use of tags and coupling to IR and MS), Electrophoresis (plates and capillary) and use with
DNA analysis.
45
Immunoassays and DNA techniques
Mass spectroscopy: Making the gaseous molecule into an ion (electron impact, chemical
ionization), Making liquids and solids into ions (electrospray, electrical discharge, laser
desorption, fast atom bombardment), Separation of ions on basis of mass to charge ratio,
Magnetic, Time of flight, Electric quadrupole. Resolution, time and multiple separations,
Detection and interpretation (how this is linked to excitation).
(16 Lectures)
Elemental analysis:
Mass spectrometry (electrical discharges).
Atomic spectroscopy: Atomic absorption, Atomic emission, and Atomic fluorescence.
Excitation and getting sample into gas phase (flames, electrical discharges, plasmas),
Wavelength separation and resolution (dependence on technique), Detection of radiation
(simultaneous/scanning, signal noise), Interpretation (errors due to molecular and ionic
species, matrix effects, other interferences).
(8 Lectures)
NMR spectroscopy: Principle, Instrumentation, Factors affecting chemical shift, Spin-

coupling, Applications.
(4 Lectures)
Electroanalytical Methods: Potentiometry & Voltammetry

(4 Lectures)
Radiochemical Methods
(4 Lectures)
X-ray analysis and electron spectroscopy (surface analysis)
(4 Lectures)
Reference books:
 Skoog, D.A. Holler F.J. & Nieman, T.A. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Cengage
Learning India Ed.
 Willard, H.H., Merritt, L.L., Dean, J. & Settoe, F.A. Instrumental Methods of Analysis,
7th Ed. Wadsworth Publishing Company Ltd., Belmont, California, USA, 1988.
 P.W. Atkins: Physical Chemistry.
 G.W. Castellan: Physical Chemistry.
 C.N. Banwell: Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy.
 Brian Smith: Infrared Spectral Interpretations: A Systematic Approach.
 W.J. Moore: Physical Chemistry.
46
PRACTICALS-DSE LAB: INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS
60 Lectures
1. Safety Practices in the Chemistry Laboratory
2. Determination of the isoelectric pH of a protein.
3. Titration curve of an amino acid.
4. Determination of the void volume of a gel filtration column.
5. Determination of a Mixture of Cobalt and Nickel (UV/Vis spec.)
6. Study of Electronic Transitions in Organic Molecules (i.e., acetone in water)
7. IR Absorption Spectra (Study of Aldehydes and Ketones)
8. Determination of Calcium, Iron, and Copper in Food by Atomic Absorption
9. Quantitative Analysis of Mixtures by Gas Chromatography (i.e., chloroform and
carbon tetrachloride)
10. Separation of Carbohydrates by HPLC
11. Determination of Caffeine in Beverages by HPLC
12. Potentiometric Titration of a Chloride-Iodide Mixture
13. Cyclic Voltammetry of the Ferrocyanide/Ferricyanide Couple
14. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
15. Use of fluorescence to do “presumptive tests” to identify blood or other body fluids.
16. Use of “presumptive tests” for anthrax or cocaine
17. Collection, preservation, and control of blood evidence being used for DNA testing
18. Use of capillary electrophoresis with laser fluorescence detection for nuclear DNA (Y
chromosome only or multiple chromosome)
19. Use of sequencing for the analysis of mitochondrial DNA
20. Laboratory analysis to confirm anthrax or cocaine
21. Detection in the field and confirmation in the laboratory of flammable accelerants or
explosives
22. Detection of illegal drugs or steroids in athletes
23. Detection of pollutants or illegal dumping
24. Fibre analysis
At least 10 experiments to be performed.
Reference Books:
 Skoog, D.A. Holler F.J. & Nieman, T.A. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Cengage
Learning India Ed.
 Willard, H.H., Merritt, L.L., Dean, J. & Settoe, F.A. Instrumental Methods of Analysis,
7th Ed. Wadsworth Publishing Company Ltd., Belmont, California, USA, 1988.
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DSE: QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, SPECTROSCOPY & PHOTOCHEMISTRY
Theory: 60 Lectures
Quantum Chemistry
47
Postulates of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical operators, Schrödinger equation and
its application to free particle and “particle-in-a-box” (rigorous treatment), quantization of
energy levels, zero-point energy and Heisenberg Uncertainty principle; wavefunctions,
probability distribution functions, nodal properties, Extension to two and three dimensional
boxes, separation of variables, degeneracy.
Qualitative treatment of simple harmonic oscillator model of vibrational motion: Setting up

of Schrödinger equation and discussion of solution and wavefunctions. Vibrational energy of
diatomic molecules and zero-point energy.
Angular momentum: Commutation rules, quantization of square of total angular momentum

and z-component.
Rigid rotator model of rotation of diatomic molecule. Schrödinger equation, transformation to

spherical polar coordinates. Separation of variables. Spherical harmonics. Discussion of
solution.
Qualitative treatment of hydrogen atom and hydrogen-like ions: setting up of Schrödinger

equation in spherical polar coordinates, radial part, quantization of energy (only final energy
expression). Average and most probable distances of electron from nucleus.
Setting up of Schrödinger equation for many-electron atoms (He, Li). Need for
approximation methods. Statement of variation theorem and application to simple systems
(particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator, hydrogen atom).
Chemical bonding: Covalent bonding, valence bond and molecular orbital approaches,
LCAO-MO treatment of H2+. Bonding and antibonding orbitals. Qualitative extension to H2.
Comparison of LCAO-MO and VB treatments of H2 (only wavefunctions, detailed solution
not required) and their limitations. Refinements of the two approaches (Configuration
Interaction for MO, ionic terms in VB). Qualitative description of LCAO-MO treatment of
homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules (HF, LiH). Localised and non-localised
molecular orbitals treatment of triatomic (BeH2, H2O) molecules. Qualitative MO theory and
its application to AH2 type molecules.
(24 Lectures)
Molecular Spectroscopy:
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules and various types of spectra; Born-
Oppenheimer approximation.
Rotation spectroscopy: Selection rules, intensities of spectral lines, determination of bond

lengths of diatomic and linear triatomic molecules, isotopic substitution.
Vibrational spectroscopy: Classical equation of vibration, computation of force constant,

amplitude of diatomic molecular vibrations, anharmonicity, Morse potential, dissociation
energies, fundamental frequencies, overtones, hot bands, degrees of freedom for polyatomic
molecules, modes of vibration, concept of group frequencies. Vibration-rotation
spectroscopy: diatomic vibrating rotator, P, Q, R branches.
48
Raman spectroscopy: Qualitative treatment of Rotational Raman effect; Effect of nuclear
spin, Vibrational Raman spectra, Stokes and anti-Stokes lines; their intensity difference, rule
of mutual exclusion.
Electronic spectroscopy: Franck-Condon principle, electronic transitions, singlet and triplet

states, fluorescence and phosphorescence, dissociation and predissociation, calculation of
electronic transitions of polyenes using free electron model.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy: Principles of NMR spectroscopy, Larmor

precession, chemical shift and low resolution spectra, different scales, spin-spin coupling and
high resolution spectra, interpretation of PMR spectra of organic molecules.
Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy: Its principle, hyperfine structure, ESR of
simple radicals.
(24 Lectures)
Photochemistry
Characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, Lambert-Beer’s law and its limitations, physical

significance of absorption coefficients. Laws, of photochemistry, quantum yield, actinometry,
examples of low and high quantum yields, photochemical equilibrium and the differential
rate of photochemical reactions, photosensitised reactions, quenching. Role of photochemical
reactions in biochemical processes, photostationary states, chemiluminescence.
(12 Lectures)
Reference Books:
 Banwell, C. N. & McCash, E. M. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy 4th Ed.
Tata McGraw-Hill: New Delhi (2006).
 Chandra, A. K. Introductory Quantum Chemistry Tata McGraw-Hill (2001).
 House, J. E. Fundamentals of Quantum Chemistry 2nd Ed. Elsevier: USA (2004).
 Lowe, J. P. & Peterson, K. Quantum Chemistry, Academic Press (2005).
 Kakkar, R. Atomic & Molecular Spectroscopy: Concepts & Applications, Cambridge
DSE LAB
60 Lectures
UV/Visible spectroscopy
I. Study the 200-500 nm absorbance spectra of KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 (in 0.1 M H2SO4)
and determine the λmax values. Calculate the energies of the two transitions in
different units (J molecule-1, kJ mol-1, cm-1, eV).
II. Study the pH-dependence of the UV-Vis spectrum (200-500 nm) of K2Cr2O7.
III. Record the 200-350 nm UV spectra of the given compounds (acetone, acetaldehyde,
2-propanol, acetic acid) in water. Comment on the effect of structure on the UV
spectra of organic compounds.
Colourimetry
49
I. Verify Lambert-Beer’s law and determine the concentration of
CuSO4/KMnO4/K2Cr2O7 in a solution of unknown concentration
II. Determine the concentrations of KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 in a mixture.
III. Study the kinetics of iodination of propanone in acidic medium.
IV. Determine the amount of iron present in a sample using 1,10-phenathroline.
V. Determine the dissociation constant of an indicator (phenolphthalein).
VI. Study the kinetics of interaction of crystal violet/ phenolphthalein with sodium
hydroxide.
VII. Analyse the given vibration-rotation spectrum of HCl(g)
Reference Books
 Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A., Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R.
 Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P. Experiments in Physical
Chemistry 8th Ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York (2003).
 Halpern, A. M. & McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed.; W.H.
Freeman & Co.: New York (2003).
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DSE: ORGANOMETALLICS, BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY, POLYNUCLEAR
HYDROCARBONS AND UV, IR SPECTROSCOPY
Theory: 60 Lectures
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry-4 (30 Lectures)
Chemistry of 3d metals
Oxidation states displayed by Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Co.
A study of the following compounds (including preparation and important properties);
Peroxo compounds of Cr, K2Cr2O7, KMnO4, K4[Fe(CN)6], sodium nitroprusside,

[Co(NH3)6]Cl3, Na3[Co(NO2)6].
(6 Lectures)
Organometallic Compounds
Definition and Classification with appropriate examples based on nature of metal-carbon

bond (ionic, s, p and multicentre bonds). Structures of methyl lithium, Zeiss salt and
ferrocene. EAN rule as applied to carbonyls. Preparation, structure, bonding and properties of
mononuclear and polynuclear carbonyls of 3d metals. p-acceptor behaviour of carbon
monoxide. Synergic effects (VB approach)- (MO diagram of CO can be referred to for
synergic effect to IR frequencies).
(12 Lectures)
50
Bio-Inorganic Chemistry
A brief introduction to bio-inorganic chemistry. Role of metal ions present in biological

systems with special reference to Na+, K+ and Mg2+ ions: Na/K pump; Role of Mg2+ ions in
energy production and chlorophyll. Role of Ca2+ in blood clotting, stabilization of protein
structures and structural role (bones).
(12 Lectures)
Polynuclear and heteronuclear aromatic compounds:
Properties of the following compounds with reference to electrophilic and nucleophilic

substitution: Naphthalene, Anthracene , Furan, Pyrrole, Thiophene, and Pyridine.
(6 Lectures)
Active methylene compounds:
Preparation: Claisen ester condensation. Keto-enol tautomerism.
Reactions: Synthetic uses of ethylacetoacetate (preparation of non-heteromolecules having

upto 6 carbon).
(6 Lectures)
Application of Spectroscopy to Simple Organic Molecules
Application of visible, ultraviolet and Infrared spectroscopy in organic molecules.

Electromagnetic radiations, electronic transitions, λmax & εmax, chromophore, auxochrome,
bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts. Application of electronic spectroscopy and
Woodward rules for calculating l max of conjugated dienes and α,β – unsaturated
compounds.
Infrared radiation and types of molecular vibrations, functional group and fingerprint region.
IR spectra of alkanes, alkenes and simple alcohols (inter and intramolecular hydrogen
bonding), aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives (effect of substitution on
>C=O stretching absorptions).
(18 Lectures)
Reference Books:
 James E. Huheey, Ellen Keiter & Richard Keiter: Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of
Structure and Reactivity, Pearson Publication.
 G.L. Miessler & Donald A. Tarr: Inorganic Chemistry, Pearson Publication.
 J.D. Lee: A New Concise Inorganic Chemistry, E.L.B.S.
 F.A. Cotton & G. Wilkinson: Basic Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons.
 I.L. Finar: Organic Chemistry (Vol. I & II), E.L.B.S.
51
 John R. Dyer: Applications of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds,
Prentice Hall.
 R.M. Silverstein, G.C. Bassler & T.C. Morrill: Spectroscopic Identification of
Organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons.
 R.T. Morrison & R.N. Boyd: Organic Chemistry, Prentice Hall.
 Peter Sykes: A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman.
 Arun Bahl and B. S. Bahl: Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand.
DSE LAB
60 Lectures
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry
1. Separation of mixtures by chromatography: Measure the Rf value in each case.

(Combination of two ions to be given)
Paper chromatographic separation of Fe3+, A13+ and Cr3+ or
Paper chromatographic separation of Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+
2. Preparation of any two of the following complexes and measurement of their conductivity:
(i) tetraamminecarbonatocobalt (III) nitrate
(ii) tetraamminecopper (II) sulphate
(iii) potassium trioxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate
Compare the conductance of the complexes with that of M/1000 solution of NaCl, MgCl2 and
LiCl3.
Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional

groups (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and preparation of one
derivative.
Reference Books:
 A.I. Vogel: Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Prentice Hall, 7th Edn.
 A.I. Vogel: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Prentice Hall, 6th Edn.
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DSE: MOLECULES OF LIFE

Theory: 60 Lectures
52
Unit 1: Carbohydrates (10 Periods)
Classification of carbohydrates, reducing and non-reducing sugars, General Properties of

Glucose and Fructose, their open chain structure. Epimers, mutarotation and anomers.
Determination of configuration of Glucose (Fischer proof).
Cyclic structure of glucose. Haworth projections. Cyclic structure of fructose.
Linkage between monosachharides, structure of disacharrides (sucrose, maltose, lactose) and
polysacharrides (starch and cellulose) excluding their structure elucidation.
Unit 2: Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins (12 Periods)
Classification of Amino Acids, Zwitterion structure and Isoelectric point.

Overview of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structure of proteins.
Determination of primary structure of peptides, determination of N-terminal amino acid (by
DNFB and Edman method) and C–terminal amino acid (by thiohydantoin and with
carboxypeptidase enzyme). Synthesis of simple peptides (upto dipeptides) by N-protection (t-
butyloxycarbonyl and phthaloyl) & C-activating groups and Merrifield solid phase synthesis.
Unit 3: Enzymes and correlation with drug action (12 Periods)
Mechanism of enzyme action, factors affecting enzyme action, Coenzymes and cofactors and
their role in biological reactions, Specificity of enzyme action(Including stereospecificity),
Enzyme inhibitors and their importance, phenomenon of inhibition(Competitive and Non-
competitive inhibition including allosteric inhibition). Drug action-receptor theory. Structure
–activity relationships of drug molecules, binding role of –OH group,-NH2 group, double
bond and aromatic ring,
Unit 4: Nucleic Acids (10 Periods)
Components of Nucleic acids: Adenine, guanine, thymine and Cytosine (Structure only),
other components of nucleic acids, Nucleosides and nucleotides (nomenclature), Structure
of polynucleotides; Structure of DNA (Watson-Crick model) and RNA(types of RNA),
Genetic Code, Biological roles of DNA and RNA: Replication, Transcription and
Translation.
Unit 5: Lipids (8 Periods)

Introduction to lipids, classification.
Oils and fats: Common fatty acids present in oils and fats, Omega fatty acids, Trans fats,
Hydrogenation, Saponification value, Iodine number.
Biological importance of triglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids, and steroids (cholesterol).
Unit 6: Concept of Energy in Biosystems (8 Periods)
Calorific value of food. Standard caloric content of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
Oxidation of foodstuff (organic molecules) as a source of energy for cells. Introduction to
Metabolism (catabolism, anabolism), ATP: the universal currency of cellular energy,
ATP hydrolysis and free energy change.
Conversion of food into energy. Outline of catabolic pathways of Carbohydrate- Glycolysis,
Fermentation, Krebs Cycle. Overview of catabolic pathways of Fats and Proteins.
Interrelationships in the metabolic pathways of Proteins, Fats and Carbohydrates.
53
Recommended Texts:
 Morrison, R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.
Ltd. (Pearson Education).
Freeman.
DSE LAB
60 Lectures
1. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography
2. To determine the concentration of glycine solution by formylation method.
3. Study of titration curve of glycine
4. Action of salivary amylase on starch
5. Effect of temperature on the action of salivary amylase on starch.
6. To determine the saponification value of an oil/fat.
7. To determine the iodine value of an oil/fat
8. Differentiate between a reducing/ nonreducing sugar.
9. Extraction of DNA from onion/cauliflower
10. To synthesise aspirin by acetylation of salicylic acid and compare it with the
ingredient of an aspirin tablet by TLC.
Recommended Texts:
 Furniss, B.S.; Hannaford, A.J.; Rogers, V.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatchell, A.R. Vogel’s
Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, ELBS.
 Ahluwalia, V.K. & Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry,
Universities Press.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
54
Skill Enhancement Course (any four) (Credit: 02 each)- SEC1 to SEC4
Chemistry
IT SKILLS FOR CHEMISTS
(Credits: 02)
30 Lectures
Mathematics
Fundamentals, mathematical functions, polynomial expressions, logarithms, the exponential

function, units of a measurement, interconversion of units, constants and variables, equation
of a straight line, plotting graphs.
Uncertainty in experimental techniques: Displaying uncertainties, measurements in

chemistry, decimal places, significant figures, combining quantities.
Uncertainty in measurement: types of uncertainties, combining uncertainties. Statistical

treatment. Mean, standard deviation, relative error. Data reduction and the propagation of
errors. Graphical and numerical data reduction. Numerical curve fitting: the method of least
squares (regression).
Algebraic operations on real scalar variables (e.g. manipulation of van der Waals equation in
different forms).Roots of quadratic equations analytically and iteratively (e.g. pH of a weak
acid). Numerical methods of finding roots (Newton-Raphson, binary –bisection, e.g. pH of a
weak acid not ignoring the ionization of water, volume of a van der Waals gas, equilibrium
constant expressions).
Differential calculus: The tangent line and the derivative of a function, numerical
differentiation (e.g., change in pressure for small change in volume of a van der Waals gas,
potentiometric titrations).
Numerical integration (Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, e.g. entropy/enthalpy change from
heat capacity data).
Computer programming:
Constants, variables, bits, bytes, binary and ASCII formats, arithmetic expressions, hierarchy
of operations, inbuilt functions. Elements of the BASIC language. BASIC keywords and
commands. Logical and relative operators. Strings and graphics. Compiled versus interpreted
languages. Debugging. Simple programs using these concepts. Matrix addition and
multiplication. Statistical analysis.
BASIC programs for curve fitting, numerical differentiation and integration (Trapezoidal
rule, Simpson’s rule), finding roots (quadratic formula, iterative, Newton-Raphson method).
HANDS ON
55
Introductory writing activities: Introduction to word processor and structure drawing
(ChemSketch) software. Incorporating chemical structures, chemical equations, expressions
from chemistry (e.g. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law, Bragg’s law, van der Waals
equation, etc.) into word processing documents.
Handling numeric data: Spreadsheet software (Excel), creating a spreadsheet, entering and
formatting information, basic functions and formulae, creating charts, tables and graphs.
Incorporating tables and graphs into word processing documents. Simple calculations,
plotting graphs using a spreadsheet (Planck’s distribution law, radial distribution curves for
hydrogenic orbitals, gas kinetic theory- Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves as function
of temperature and molecular weight), spectral data, pressure-volume curves of van der
Waals gas (van der Waals isotherms), data from phase equilibria studies. Graphical solution
of equations.
Numeric modelling: Simulation of pH metric titration curves. Excel functions LINEST and
Least Squares. Numerical curve fitting, linear regression (rate constants from concentration-
time data, molar extinction coefficients from absorbance data), numerical differentiation (e.g.
handling data from potentiometric and pH metric titrations, pKa of weak acid), integration
(e.g. entropy/enthalpy change from heat capacity data).
Statistical analysis: Gaussian distribution and Errors in measurements and their effect on
data sets. Descriptive statistics using Excel. Statistical significance testing: The t test. The F
test.
Presentation: Presentation graphics
Reference Books:
 McQuarrie, D. A. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry University Science Books
(2008).
rd
 Mortimer, R. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry. 3 Ed. Elsevier (2005).
 Steiner, E. The Chemical Maths Book Oxford University Press (1996).
nd
 Yates, P. Chemical calculations. 2 Ed. CRC Press (2007).
 Noggle, J. H. Physical chemistry on a Microcomputer. Little Brown & Co. (1985).
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BASIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

(Credits: 02)
30 Lectures
56
Introduction: Introduction to Analytical Chemistry and its interdisciplinary nature. Concept
of sampling. Importance of accuracy, precision and sources of error in analytical
measurements. Presentation of experimental data and results, from the point of view of
significant figures.
Analysis of soil: Composition of soil, Concept of pH and pH measurement, Complexometric

titrations, Chelation, Chelating agents, use of indicators
a. Determination of pH of soil samples.

b. Estimation of Calcium and Magnesium ions as Calcium carbonate by complexometric
titration.
Analysis of water: Definition of pure water, sources responsible for contaminating water,
water sampling methods, water purification methods.
a. Determination of pH, acidity and alkalinity of a water sample.

b. Determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) of a water sample.
Analysis of food products: Nutritional value of foods, idea about food processing and food
preservations and adulteration.
a. Identification of adulterants in some common food items like coffee powder, asafoetida,
chilli powder, turmeric powder, coriander powder and pulses, etc.
b. Analysis of preservatives and colouring matter.
Chromatography: Definition, general introduction on principles of chromatography, paper

chromatography, TLC etc.
a. Paper chromatographic separation of mixture of metal ion (Fe3+ and Al3+).

b. To compare paint samples by TLC method.
Ion-exchange: Column, ion-exchange chromatography etc.
Determination of ion exchange capacity of anion / cation exchange resin (using batch
procedure if use of column is not feasible).
Analysis of cosmetics: Major and minor constituents and their function
a. Analysis of deodorants and antiperspirants, Al, Zn, boric acid, chloride, sulphate.
b. Determination of constituents of talcum powder: Magnesium oxide, Calcium oxide, Zinc
oxide and Calcium carbonate by complexometric titration.
Suggested Applications (Any one):
a. To study the use of phenolphthalein in trap cases.

b. To analyze arson accelerants.
c. To carry out analysis of gasoline.
Suggested Instrumental demonstrations:
a. Estimation of macro nutrients: Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium in soil samples by flame

photometry.
57
b. Spectrophotometric determination of Iron in Vitamin / Dietary Tablets.
c. Spectrophotometric Identification and Determination of Caffeine and Benzoic Acid in Soft
Drink.
Reference Books:
Analysis. 7th Ed. Wadsworth Publishing Co. Ltd., Belmont, California, USA, 1988.
 Skoog, D.A.; West, D.M. & Holler, F.J. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry 6th
Ed., Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth (1992).
 Harris, D. C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis, W. H. Freeman.
 Dean, J. A. Analytical Chemistry Notebook, McGraw Hill.
 Day, R. A. & Underwood, A. L. Quantitative Analysis, Prentice Hall of India.
 Freifelder, D. Physical Biochemistry 2nd Ed., W.H. Freeman and Co., N.Y. USA
(1982).
 Cooper, T.G. The Tools of Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, N.Y. USA. 16 (1977).
 Vogel, A. I. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis 7th Ed., Prentice Hall.
 Vogel, A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed., Prentice Hall.
 Robinson, J.W. Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis 5th Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New
York (1995).
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CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY

(Credits: 02)
Theory: 30 Lectures
Chemical Technology
Basic principles of distillation, solvent extraction, solid-liquid leaching and liquid-liquid

extraction, separation by absorption and adsorption. An introduction into the scope of
different types of equipment needed in chemical technology, including reactors, distillation
columns, extruders, pumps, mills, emulgators. Scaling up operations in chemical industry.
Introduction to clean technology.
Society
Exploration of societal and technological issues from a chemical perspective. Chemical and
scientific literacy as a means to better understand topics like air and water (and the trace
materials found in them that are referred to as pollutants); energy from natural sources (i.e.
solar and renewable forms), from fossil fuels and from nuclear fission; materials like plastics
and polymers and their natural analogues, proteins and nucleic acids, and molecular reactivity
and interconversions from simple examples like combustion to complex instances like
genetic engineering and the manufacture of drugs.
Reference Book:
John W. Hill, Terry W. McCreary & Doris K. Kolb, Chemistry for changing times 13th Ed.
58
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CHEMOINFORMATICS
(Credits: 02)
Theory: 30 Lectures
Introduction to Chemoinformatics: History and evolution of chemoinformatics, Use of

chemoinformatics, Prospects of chemoinformatics, Molecular Modelling and Structure
elucidation.
Representation of molecules and chemical reactions: Nomenclature, Different types of

notations, SMILES coding, Matrix representations, Structure of Molfiles and Sdfiles,
Libraries and toolkits, Different electronic effects, Reaction classification.
Searching chemical structures: Full structure search, sub-structure search, basic ideas,
similarity search, three dimensional search methods, basics of computation of physical and
chemical data and structure descriptors, data visualization.
Applications: Prediction of Properties of Compounds; Linear Free Energy Relations;

Quantitative Structure-Property Relations; Descriptor Analysis; Model Building; Modeling
Toxicity; Structure-Spectra correlations; Prediction of NMR, IR and Mass spectra; Computer
Assisted Structure elucidations; Computer Assisted Synthesis Design, Introduction to drug
design; Target Identification and Validation; Lead Finding and Optimization; Analysis of
HTS data; Virtual Screening; Design of Combinatorial Libraries; Ligand-Based and Structure
Based Drug design; Application of Chemoinformatics in Drug Design.
Hands-on Exercises
Reference Books:
 Andrew R. Leach & Valerie, J. Gillet (2007) An introduction to Chemoinformatics.
Springer: The Netherlands.
 Gasteiger, J. & Engel, T. (2003) Chemoinformatics: A text-book. Wiley-VCH.
 Gupta, S. P. (2011) QSAR & Molecular Modeling. Anamaya Pub.: New Delhi.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BUSINESS SKILLS FOR CHEMISTS

(Credits: 02)
Theory: 30 Lectures
Business Basics
Key business concepts: Business plans, market need, project management and routes to
market.
Chemistry in Industry
Current challenges and opportunities for the chemistry-using industries, role of chemistry in
India and global economies.
59
Making money
Financial aspects of business with case studies
Intellectual property
Concept of intellectual property, patents.
Reference
www.rsc.org
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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPR)

(Credits: 02)
Theory: 30 Lectures
In this era of liberalization and globalization, the perception about science and its practices
has undergone dramatic change. The importance of protecting the scientific discoveries, with
commercial potential or the intellectual property rights is being discussed at all levels –
statutory, administrative, and judicial. With India ratifying the WTO agreement, it has
become obligatory on its part to follow a minimum acceptable standard for protection and
enforcement of intellectual property rights. The purpose of this course is to apprise the
students about the multifaceted dimensions of this issue.
Introduction to Intellectual Property:
Historical Perspective, Different Types of IP, Importance of protecting IP.
Copyrights
Introduction, How to obtain, Differences from Patents.
Trade Marks
Introduction, How to obtain, Different types of marks – Collective marks, certification marks,
service marks, Trade names, etc.
Differences from Designs.
Patents
Historical Perspective, Basic and associated right, WIPO, PCT system, Traditional
Knowledge, Patents and Healthcare – balancing promoting innovation with public health,
Software patents and their importance for India.
Geographical Indications
Definition, rules for registration, prevention of illegal exploitation, importance to India.
60
Industrial Designs
Definition, How to obtain, features, International design registration.
Layout design of integrated circuits
Circuit Boards, Integrated Chips, Importance for electronic industry.
Trade Secrets
Introduction and Historical Perspectives, Scope of Protection, Risks involved and legal
aspects of Trade Secret Protection.
Different International agreements
(a) Word Trade Organization (WTO):
(i) General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (GATT), Trade
Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement
(ii) General Agreement on Trade related Services (GATS)
(iii) Madrid Protocol
(iv) Berne Convention
(v) Budapest Treaty
(b) Paris Convention
WIPO and TRIPS, IPR and Plant Breeders Rights, IPR and Biodiversity
IP Infringement issue and enforcement – Role of Judiciary, Role of law enforcement

agencies – Police, Customs etc. Economic Value of Intellectual Property – Intangible assets
and their valuation, Intellectual Property in the Indian Context – Various laws in India
Licensing and technology transfer.
Reference Books:
 N.K. Acharya: Textbook on intellectual property rights, Asia Law House (2001).
 Manjula Guru & M.B. Rao, Understanding Trips: Managing Knowledge in
Developing Countries, Sage Publications (2003).
 P. Ganguli, Intellectual Property Rights: Unleashing the Knowledge Economy, Tata
McGraw-Hill (2001).
 Arthur Raphael Miller, Micheal H.Davis; Intellectual Property: Patents, Trademarks
and Copyright in a Nutshell, West Group Publishers (2000).
 Jayashree Watal, Intellectual property rights in the WTO and developing countries,
Oxford University Press, Oxford.
61
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ANALYTICAL CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(Credits: 02)
THEORY: 30 Lectures
Basic understanding of the structures, properties and functions of carbohydrates, lipids
and proteins:
Review of concepts studied in the core course:
Carbohydrates: Biological importance of carbohydrates, Metabolism, Cellular currency of

energy (ATP), Glycolysis, Alcoholic and Lactic acid fermentations, Krebs cycle.
Isolation and characterization of polysachharides.
Proteins: Classification, biological importance; Primary and secondary and tertiary structures
of proteins: α-helix and β- pleated sheets, Isolation, characterization, denaturation of proteins.
Enzymes: Nomenclature, Characteristics (mention of Ribozymes), Classification; Active site,

Mechanism of enzyme action, Stereospecificity of enzymes, Coenzymes and cofactors,
Enzyme inhibitors, Introduction to Biocatalysis: Importance in “Green Chemistry” and
Chemical Industry.
Lipids: Classification. Biological importance of triglycerides and phosphoglycerides and

cholesterol; Lipid membrane, Liposomes and their biological functions and underlying
applications.
Lipoproteins.
Properties, functions and biochemical functions of steroid hormones.
Biochemistry of peptide hormones.
Structure of DNA (Watson-Crick model) and RNA, Genetic Code, Biological roles of DNA
and RNA: Replication, Transcription and Translation, Introduction to Gene therapy.
Enzymes: Nomenclature, classification, effect of pH, temperature on enzyme activity, enzyme

inhibition.
Biochemistry of disease: A diagnostic approach by blood/ urine analysis.

Blood: Composition and functions of blood, blood coagulation. Blood collection and
preservation of samples. Anaemia, Regulation, estimation and interpretation of data for blood
sugar, urea, creatinine, cholesterol and bilirubin.
Urine: Collection and preservation of samples. 6. Formation of urine. Composition and
estimation of constituents of normal and pathological urine.
Practicals
Identification and estimation of the following:
62
1. Carbohydrates – qualitative and quantitative.
2. Lipids – qualitative.
3. Determination of the iodine number of oil.
4. Determination of the saponification number of oil.
5. Determination of cholesterol using Liebermann- Burchard reaction.
6. Proteins – qualitative.
7. Isolation of protein.
8. Determination of protein by the Biuret reaction.
9. Determination of nucleic acids
Reference Books:
 T.G. Cooper: Tool of Biochemistry.
 Keith Wilson and John Walker: Practical Biochemistry.
 Alan H Gowenlock: Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry.
 Thomas M. Devlin: Textbook of Biochemistry.
 Talwar, G.P. & Srivastava, M. Textbook of Biochemistry and Human Biology, 3rd Ed.
PHI Learning.
Freeman.
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GREEN METHODS IN CHEMISTRY

(Credits: 02)
Theory: 30 Lectures
Theory and Hand-on Experiments
Introduction: Definitions of Green Chemistry. Brief introduction of twelve principles of

Green Chemistry, with examples, special emphasis on atom economy, reducing toxicity,
green solvents, Green Chemistry and catalysis and alternative sources of energy, Green
energy and sustainability
The following Real world Cases in Green Chemistry should be discussed:
 Surfactants for carbon dioxide – Replacing smog producing and ozone depleting
solvents with CO2 for precision cleaning and dry cleaning of garments.
 Designing of environmentally safe marine antifoulant.
 Rightfit pigment: Synthetic azo pigments to replace toxic organic and inorganic
pigments.
 An efficient, green synthesis of a compostable and widely applicable plastic (poly
lactic acid) made from corn.
Practicals
63
 Preparation and characterization of biodiesel from vegetable oil.
 Extraction of D-limonene from orange peel using liquid CO2 prepared from dry ice.
 Mechano chemical solvent free synthesis of azomethine.
 Solvent free, microwave assisted one pot synthesis of phthalocyanine complex of
copper(II).
Reference Books:
 Anastas, P.T. & Warner, J.K. Green Chemistry- Theory and Practical, Oxford
 Matlack, A.S. Introduction to Green Chemistry, Marcel Dekker (2001).
 Cann, M.C. & Connely, M.E. Real-World cases in Green Chemistry, American
 Ryan, M.A. & Tinnesand, M. Introduction to Green Chemistry, American
 Sharma, R.K.; Sidhwani, I.T. & Chaudhari, M.K. Green Chemistry Experiments:
A monograph I.K. International Publishing House Pvt Ltd. New Delhi, Bangalore.
 Lancaster, M. Green Chemistry: An introductory text RSC publishing, 2nd
Edition.
 Sidhwani, I.T., Saini, G., Chowdhury, S., Garg, D., Malovika, Garg, N. Wealth
from waste: A green method to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil and
generation of useful products from waste further generated “A Social Awareness
Project”, Delhi University Journal of Undergraduate Research and Innovation,
1(1): 2015.
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PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
(Credits: 02)
Theory: 30 Lectures
Drugs & Pharmaceuticals

Drug discovery, design and development; Basic Retrosynthetic approach. Synthesis of the
representative drugs of the following classes: analgesics agents, antipyretic agents, anti-
inflammatory agents (Aspirin, paracetamol, lbuprofen); antibiotics (Chloramphenicol);
antibacterial and antifungal agents (Sulphonamides; Sulphanethoxazol, Sulphacetamide,
Trimethoprim); antiviral agents (Acyclovir), Central Nervous System agents (Phenobarbital,
Diazepam),Cardiovascular (Glyceryl trinitrate), antilaprosy (Dapsone), HIV-AIDS related
drugs (AZT- Zidovudine).
Fermentation
Aerobic and anaerobic fermentation. Production of (i) Ethyl alcohol and citric acid, (ii)
Antibiotics; Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Chloromycetin and Streptomycin, (iii) Lysine,
Glutamic acid, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin C.
Practicals
1. Preparation of Aspirin and its analysis.
2. Preparation of magnesium bisilicate (Antacid).
Reference Books:
 G.L. Patrick: Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, Oxford University Press, UK.
64
 Hakishan, V.K. Kapoor: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vallabh
Prakashan, Pitampura, New Delhi.
 William O. Foye, Thomas L., Lemke , David A. William: Principles of Medicinal
Chemistry, B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
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CHEMISTRY OF COSMETICS & PERFUMES

(Credits: 02)
30 Lectures
A general study including preparation and uses of the following: Hair dye, hair spray,
shampoo, suntan lotions, face powder, lipsticks, talcum powder, nail enamel, creams (cold,
vanishing and shaving creams), antiperspirants and artificial flavours. Essential oils and their
importance in cosmetic industries with reference to Eugenol, Geraniol, sandalwood oil,
eucalyptus, rose oil, 2-phenyl ethyl alcohol, Jasmone, Civetone, Muscone.
Practicals
1. Preparation of talcum powder.
2. Preparation of shampoo.
3. Preparation of enamels.
4. Preparation of hair remover.
5. Preparation of face cream.
6. Preparation of nail polish and nail polish remover.
Reference Books:
 E. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry, Vol -I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK.
 P.C. Jain, M. Jain: Engineering Chemistry, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi.
 Sharma, B.K. & Gaur, H. Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut
(1996).
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PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY
(Credits: 02)
30 Lectures
General introduction to pesticides (natural and synthetic), benefits and adverse effects,
changing concepts of pesticides, structure activity relationship, synthesis and technical
manufacture and uses of representative pesticides in the following classes: Organochlorines
(DDT, Gammexene,); Organophosphates (Malathion, Parathion ); Carbamates (Carbofuran
and carbaryl); Quinones ( Chloranil), Anilides (Alachlor and Butachlor).
Practicals
1 To calculate acidity/alkalinity in given sample of pesticide formulations as per
BIS specifications.
2 Preparation of simple organophosphates, phosphonates and thiophosphates
65
Reference Book:
 Cremlyn, R. Pesticides. Preparation and Modes of Action, John Wiley & Sons, New
York, 1978.
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FUEL CHEMISTRY
(Credits: 02)
30 Lectures
Review of energy sources (renewable and non-renewable). Classification of fuels and their
calorific value.
Coal: Uses of coal (fuel and nonfuel) in various industries, its composition, carbonization of
coal.Coal gas, producer gas and water gas—composition and uses. Fractionation of coal tar,
uses of coal tar bases chemicals, requisites of a good metallurgical coke, Coal gasification
(Hydro gasification and Catalytic gasification), Coal liquefaction and Solvent Refining.
Petroleum and Petrochemical Industry: Composition of crude petroleum, Refining and

different types of petroleum products and their applications.
Fractional Distillation (Principle and process), Cracking (Thermal and catalytic cracking),
Reforming Petroleum and non-petroleum fuels (LPG, CNG, LNG, bio-gas, fuels derived
from biomass), fuel from waste, synthetic fuels (gaseous and liquids), clean fuels.
Petrochemicals: Vinyl acetate, Propylene oxide, Isoprene, Butadiene, Toluene and its
derivatives Xylene.
Lubricants: Classification of lubricants, lubricating oils (conducting and non-conducting)

Solid and semisolid lubricants, synthetic lubricants.
Properties of lubricants (viscosity index, cloud point, pore point) and their determination.
Reference Books:
 Stocchi, E. Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK (1990).
 Jain, P.C. & Jain, M. Engineering Chemistry Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi.
 Sharma, B.K. & Gaur, H. Industrial Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut
(1996).
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CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

B. Sc. WITH CHEMISTRY

Theory+ Practical Theory+Tutorials

I. Core Course 12×4= 48 12×5=60

04 Courses from each of the

Core Course Practical / Tutorial* 12×2=24 12×1=12

(12 Practical/ Tutorials*)

04 Courses from each of the

II. Elective Course 6×4=24 6×5=30

Two papers from each discipline of choice

including paper of interdisciplinary nature.

Elective Course Practical / Tutorials* 6×2=12 6×1=6

 Optional Dissertation or project work in place of one Discipline elective paper (6

1. Ability Enhancement Compulsory 2×2=4 2×2=4

(2 Papers of 2 credits each)

2. Skill Enhancement Course 4×2=8 4×2=8

(4 Papers of 2 credits each)

Total credit= 120 Total credit= 120

Institute should evolve a system/ policy about ECA/ General

*Wherever there is practical there will be no tutorials and vice-versa

CORE Ability Enhancement Skill Discipline Specific

I DSC- 1 A (English /MIL

DSC- 1 B Environmental Science

III DSC- 1 C SEC-1

B.Sc. Program with Chemistry

Core papers Chemistry (Credit: 06 each) (CP 1-4):

1. Atomic Structure, Bonding, General Organic Chemistry & Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Skill Enhancement Course (any four) (Credit: 02 each) - SEC 1 to SEC 4

CHEMISTRY-DSC 2A: ATOMIC STRUCTURE, BONDING, GENERAL ORGANIC

Section A: Inorganic Chemistry-1 (30 Periods)

What is Quantum mechanics? Time independent Schrodinger equation and meaning of

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Ionic Bonding: General characteristics of ionic bonding. Energy considerations in ionic

Section B: Organic Chemistry-1 (30 Periods)

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry

Physical Effects, Electronic Displacements: Inductive Effect, Electromeric Effect, Resonance

Structure, shape and reactivity of organic molecules: Nucleophiles and electrophiles.

Conformations with respect to ethane, butane and cyclohexane. Interconversion of Wedge

Alkanes: (Upto 5 Carbons). Preparation: Catalytic hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction, Kolbe’s

Alkenes: (Upto 5 Carbons) Preparation: Elimination reactions: Dehydration of alkenes and

CHEMISTRY LAB: DSC 2A LAB: ATOMIC STRUCTURE, BONDING, GENERAL

1. Estimation of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate present in a mixture.

2. Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO4.

3. Estimation of water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO4.

4. Estimation of Fe (II) ions by titrating it with K2Cr2O7 using internal indicator.

5. Estimation of Cu (II) ions iodometrically using Na2S2O3.

Section B: Organic Chemistry

2. Separation of mixtures by Chromatography: Measure the Rf value in each case

CHEMISTRY-DSC 2B: CHEMICAL ENERGETICS, EQUILIBRIA &

Section A: Physical Chemistry-1 (30 Lectures)

Review of thermodynamics and the Laws of Thermodynamics.

Important principles and definitions of thermochemistry. Concept of standard state and

Statement of Third Law of thermodynamics and calculation of absolute entropies of

Section B: Organic Chemistry-2 (30 Lectures)

Reactions: (Case benzene): Electrophilic substitution: nitration, halogenation and

Alkyl and Aryl Halides

Preparation: from alkenes and alcohols.

Reactions (Chlorobenzene): Aromatic nucleophilic substitution (replacement by –OH group)

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (Upto 5 Carbons)