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Logarithmic Functions

This document discusses logarithmic functions and their properties. It defines logarithms as the inverse of exponential expressions, with the logarithm of a number a with base b defined as c = logb a if a = bc. It then outlines four basic properties of logarithms: 1) the logarithm of 1 to any base is 0, 2) the logarithm of a number to the same base is 1, 3) the logarithm of the reciprocal of a number to the same base is -1, and 4) the logarithm of a product is the sum of the logarithms, while the logarithm of a quotient is the difference of the logarithms. It also defines common and natural logarithms.

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CASTILLO, Goldwin Geoff L.
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60 views

Logarithmic Functions

This document discusses logarithmic functions and their properties. It defines logarithms as the inverse of exponential expressions, with the logarithm of a number a with base b defined as c = logb a if a = bc. It then outlines four basic properties of logarithms: 1) the logarithm of 1 to any base is 0, 2) the logarithm of a number to the same base is 1, 3) the logarithm of the reciprocal of a number to the same base is -1, and 4) the logarithm of a product is the sum of the logarithms, while the logarithm of a quotient is the difference of the logarithms. It also defines common and natural logarithms.

Uploaded by

CASTILLO, Goldwin Geoff L.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERAL MATHEMATICS

LESSON 6: Logarithmic Function

Logarithmic Form Exponential Form Examples Answers

THE LOGARITHM OF A NUMBER - Let a , b ,∧c be positive real numbers such that b> 0∧b ≠ 1. The logarithm of a with
base b is denoted by log b a and is defined as c = log b a if and only if a=bc .

TAKE NOTE:

 Logarithmic expressions are the inverses of exponential expressions.


 In logarithmic form log b a , b cannot be negative.
 The value of log b a can be negative.
 If the base is not written, it is understood to be in the base 10.

Basic Properties and Laws of Logarithm

 Let a, b and c be positive real numbers such that b > 0 and b ≠ 1.

BASIC PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHM

Property 1:

 In symbols: log b 1=0


 In words: The logarithm of the number 1 to any base is zero.
Property 2:

 In symbols: log b b=1


 In words: The logarithm of the number to the same number as its base is equal to 1.

Property 3:
1
 In symbols: log b ¿−1
b
 In words: The logarithm of the reciprocal of a number to the same number as its base is equal to −1.

Property 4:
Property 5:

LAWS OF LOGARITHM

Law 1: Product Rule

 In symbols: log b MN = log b M + log b N


 In words: The logarithm of a product is the sum of the logarithms.

Law 2: Quotient Rule


 In symbols: log bMN = log b M − log b N
 In words: The logarithm of a quotient is the difference of the logarithms.

Law 3: Power Rule

 log b M n = n log b M
 In words: The logarithm of a number raised to a number is the product of the power and the logarithm of a
number.
LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS - A logarithmic equation is an equation involving logarithmic expression of a variable. If a
logarithmic equation is in the form oflog b x=c , we can solve the equation by rewriting it in its equivalent exponential
form bc=x .

NOTE:

 If b> 0 , then the logarithmic equation y=log b x is increasing for all x . If 0<b <1 , then the logarithmic
equation y=log b x is decreasing for all x . This means that log b u=log b v if and only if u=v
(One to one Property of Logarithmic Equation)

BIGGER IDEA!

 Logarithms with base 10 are common because our number system is in base 10. For this reason, it is called
common logarithms. That is, log 10 x=log x . When the base is not shown it is assumed to be 10. While a natural
logarithm is a logarithm with a base e . The natural logarithm of x is denoted by ln x . That is, ln x = log e x . Since
exponential and logarithm functions are inverse of each other, majority of the calculators put both ln x∧e functions
into one key.

For x >0 ,

 y=log x is equivalent to x=10 y


 y=ln x is equivalent to x=e y

NOTE:

 e=2.7182821828∧ln e=1.
 The logarithm of a negative number or zero does not exist.

LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

The logarithmic function with base b is defined by the equation y=log b x , where b>0∧b ≠ 1. This equation is
equivalent to the exponential equation x=b y

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