6

SCIENCE (SSES)
Guided Learning Activity Kit

Quarter 2- Week 2

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Science (SSES) – Grade 6
Guided Learning Activity Kit
How the Organs of each Organ System Work Together: Circulatory, Respiratory,
and Digestive System.
Quarter 2- Week 2

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over them.

Guided Learning Activity Kit Development Team

Writer: Helen A. Ignacio

Editors: Angelica H. Luna
Judith O. Pasustento
Reviewer: Evelyn D. Tarrayo, EdD.
Graphic Artist: Noelynne E. Joyosa
Management Team: Leonardo D. Zapanta EdD, CESO V
Michelle Ablian-Mejica EdD.
Manolito B. Basilio EdD.
Evelyn D. Tarrayo EdD.
Garry M. Achacoso
Rachelle C. Diviva

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education

Region III
Schools Division of Zambales
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedzambales.ph
 HOW THE ORGANS OF EACH ORGAN
SYSTEM WORK TOGETHER: CIRCULATORY,
RESPIRATORY, AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Introduction

Why do we breathe? Can you hold your breath for an hour?

We need air to live. The air for life is oxygen. We can’t live without oxygen.
And how can this get into our body?

Why do we eat food? What happens next after swallowing the food?
What system changes the food into substance that can be absorbed by the
body cells?
These and more questions arise when we talk about respiratory and
digestive system. And these are what we’re going to find out in this lesson.

Learning Competency

Explain how the organs of each organ system work together!

Circulatory, Respiratory and Digestive Systems

Objectives

At the end of this learning activity kit, you are expected to:

1. Identify the parts of the respiratory and digestive systems.

2. Describe how the parts of the respiratory and digestive systems work.
3. Explain how the organs of respiratory and digestive systems work together.

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 Review

DIRECTIONS: Rearrange the letters to form the correct word.

1. SONE = _______________________

2. PADMGARHI =_____________________

3. CHIBRON =________________________

4. SUNGL =__________________________

5. PYNHARX=__________________________

6. ATCHARE=_________________________

7. RYANXL=___________________________

How many correct words did you get? Did you get all the seven words
correctly? If yes……Thumbs up to you!.....

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 Discussion

What are the organs/parts of the respiratory system? How do they work?

Nasal cavity
Epiglottis
Cilia
Nostril

Oral cavity Pharynx

Larynx
Trachea

Bronchi
Right Lung
Left Lung
Diaphragm

Alveoli

Figure 1: Major Parts of Human Respiratory System.

The nostrils are the opening into the nasal passages that are lined with hairs.
Nostrils have cilia, which filters the dust and other particles present in the air. They
also protect the nasal passages and other regions of the respiratory tract. The blood
vessels inside the lining of the nose warms and humidifies the air. The pharynx is
also called the throat, the common passageway for food, water and air. Below the
epiglottis is the larynx or voice box that contains two vocal cords that vibrate when
air passes by them. With our tongue and lips, we convert these vibrations into
speech. The larynx is the main site for sound production. To prevent food from
entering the windpipe or trachea, the epiglottis closes the larynx when swallowing.
The trachea filters the air we inhale and branches into bronchi. The bronchi carry
air into the lungs. Alveoli are grape – like structures at the end of bronchioles. Alveoli
and bronchioles together make up the lungs. Alveoli increase the surface of the

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lungs for greater exchange of gases to collect more oxygen. It also protects the lungs
from bacteria and other harmful microorganism.
The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. It is here where
exchange of gases occur, oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled.
Diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that controls breathing. During respiration,
the diaphragm flattens out and pulls forward, making more space for the lungs.
When we inhale or breath in, the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward, which
pulls air into it. When we exhale or breath out, the diaphragm expands, which
reduces the amount of space for the lungs and forces air out.

How do the respiratory organs work?

During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts or moves down, which causes

the chest cavity to expand, allowing air to move into the lungs. The movement of
ribcage and the diaphragm causes the chest cavity to expand, lowering air pressure
into the lungs. As a result, air rushes into the lungs, causing them to expand and
fill the chest cavity.
During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its normal resting
position. As one breathes out, the chest falls and contracts. In breathing cycle,
inhaling and exhaling moves air into and out of the lungs.

What are the parts and functions of the Digestive System?

Mouth

Esophagus

Stomach

Large Intestine
Small Intestine

Rectum
Anus

Figure 2: Major Parts of Human Digestive System

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 By the time food is placed in the mouth, digestive system starts working. The
mouth, esophagus, stomach and small and large intestines work together to
breakdown food so that the body will absorb food nutrients.

There are three main functions of the digestive system: breaks down food into
smaller portions; absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream and transfers nutrients to
the cells to produce energy and aids in the elimination process of undigested food.

The Mouth is the gateway to the digestive tract which is composed of the
teeth that cut the food into tiny pieces, the tongue that tastes the food, the salivary
glands that produce saliva and digestive juice that reacts more easily with bits of
food. Saliva produces ptyalin which is responsible in digesting the carbohydrates
being eaten. Esophagus is a long muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the
throat up to the stomach. The Stomach is the large J-shaped organ at the end of
the esophagus on the left side of the body that produces digestive juice called gastric
juice which contains hydrochloric acid and enzymes pepsin. The juice digests
protein food such as meat, milk and eggs. In the stomach, food is churned and mixed
with digestive juices to produce a thick paste called chyme. Chyme enters the small
intestine where digestive juices from the liver and pancreas mix with it for further
digestion. The Small Intestine have fingerlike projection called villi that directly
absorb the digested food which enters the blood and carried directly to the cells
throughout the body. The excess foods are brought to the liver and temporarily
stored in the Large Intestine or Colon, then into the Rectum. Wastes are moved
out of the body through the Anus. The elimination of body waste is called defecation
of bowel movement.

REMEMBER

The nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, trachea,

bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs and diaphragm are the important
parts of the Respiratory System. They are the organs responsible in
making the body takes in oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide.

Digestion is the process by which food is changed into simpler

substance that can be used by the body cells to produce energy. It
starts from the mouth, then to the esophagus down to the stomach,
then to the small intestine, to the large intestine and finally to the
rectum or anus. The digestive organs are connected to one another
wherein they work together for the digestion of food, absorption of
food nutrients and elimination of undigested food.

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 Activities

Guided Practice 1

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct
answer.
A B
1. The upper part of the throat that carries air into a. larynx
The respiratory tract.

2. It filters the dust and other particles present in b. pharynx

the air.

3. The main site for sound production. c. diaphragm

4. It is here where the actual exchange of gases d. contracts

take place.

5. When we inhale or breath in, the diaphragm_____. e. epiglottis

.

6. A dome- shaped muscle that controls breathing. f. cilia

7. Materials that are carried to the cells of the body. g. oxygen

8. It closes the larynx when swallowing. h. alveoli

9. When we exhale or breath out, the diaphragm _____. i. lungs

10. Increase the surface of the lungs for greater

Exchange of gases to collect more oxygen. j. expands

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Guided Practice 2

Directions: Each of the following statements describes a stage of digestion. Write

letters A-H on the blank to show the correct order.

_________1. Body wastes are removed out of the body.

_________2. Food is churned and mixed further and turned into chyme.

_________3. Food is cut and chewed in the mouth.

_________4. Through peristalsis food in the esophagus is pushed into the stomach.

_________5. The undigested foods are stored in the large intestine.

_________6. Water, minerals and other parts of the food are moved into the large
intestine.
_________7. The tongue pushes small balls of food to the throat.

_________8. The muscles of the stomach squeeze and mix the food with the
digestive juices.

_________9. In the small intestine, foods that are used by the body are absorbed.

________10. Muscles in the throat direct them into the esophagus.

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Independent Practice
A. Directions: Trace the movement of food from the mouth to the different parts of
the digestive system. Fill in the rectangles below with the correct parts written inside
the box.
Stomach Large Intestine Rectum
Esophagus Anus Mouth Small Intestine

B. Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct parts of the respiratory system
showing the function of each organ/part.

The Respiratory System is made up of body parts that help in breathing in

oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide.
Air enters the body through the two____( 1 )______. There are hairs inside them which
trap dust from the air. The nostrils lead to a cavity called the ________(2)__________.
Here, air gets moistened and warmed. Tiny hairlike structures called_____(3)______
are found inside the nasal cavity. They move the mucus and trapped materials to
the back of the throat where they can be swallowed. Then the nasal cavity leads to
the tube like passageways for both food and air which is the____( 4 )_______. It is
found between the nasal cavity and esophagus. A flap of tissue found at the end of
the pharynx called_____(5)_____, closes over the larynx when swallowing. Between
the pharynx and trachea, _____(6)_____ is found where the vocal cords are attached.
Below the larynx is a tube about 12 cm long called_____(7)_____.

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 It branches out into two short tubes called bronchi(singular:bronchus) that
carry air into the ___(8)____. The bronchus branches into smaller tubes called
____(9)___. Tiny walled sacs called _( 10)__ cluster at the end of bronchiole. Between
the alveoli and capillaries, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
As this happens, oxygen enters the body when a person breathes in or inhale and in
contrast, carbon dioxide leaves the body when a person breathes out or exhale.

Assessment

Directions: Write the letter of the best answer.

1. The flexible flap of tissue located at the opening of the larynx that closes it
when swallowing.
A. epiglottis B. trachea C. alveoli D. pharynx

2. What happens when you breathe in air?

A. The diaphragm expands and the chest cavity contracts.
B. The diaphragm contracts and the chest cavity expands.
C. The diaphragm contracts and the chest cavity remain the same.
D. The diaphragm expands and the chest cavity collapses.

3.We use our mouth when we eat. Where does digestion begin?
A. stomach B. mouth C. anus D. esophagus

4. The process of breaking up and dissolving of food so that it can be used by

the body is called___________.
A. Respiration B. Circulation C. Digestion D. Excretion

5. It is the common passageway for food, water and air also known as throat.
A. pharynx B. larynx C. esophagus D. trachea

6. The opening where wastes leave out of the body is called__________.

A. Anus B. Rectum C. Feces D. Mouth

7. Which of the following is NOT a function of the Digestive System?

A. breaks down food into smaller portion.
B. pumps blood and bring food nutrients to the different parts of the body.
C. absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream and transfers nutrients to the cells
to produce energy.
D. aids in the elimination process of undigested food.

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 8. Where are the undigested foods stored temporarily?
A. stomach B. Small Intestine C. Large Intestine D. Anus

9. Digestion is finally completed in what part of the body?

A. Anus B. Large Intestine C. Stomach D. Small Intestine

10. The nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx and _____________ serve as
passageway of air getting into the body.
A. trachea B. bronchi C. alveoli D. lungs

Reflection

Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is wrong.

__________1. The Respiratory System is made up of different organs responsible

for making the body take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide and moisture.
__________2. The pharynx is the main site for sound production.
__________3. The absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine with the
help of the villi.
__________4. The elimination of body waste is called defecation of bowel
movement.
__________5. By the time food is placed in the mouth, digestive system starts
working.
__________6. Bronchi increase the surface of the lungs for greater exchange of
gases to collect more oxygen.
__________7. When we exhale, the diaphragm expands, which reduces the
amount of space for the lungs and forces air out.
__________8. The trachea filters the air we inhale.
__________9. The large intestine or colon receives watery mass of undigested
food bulk from the small intestine.
_________10. The solid undigested waste that is eliminated from the body is
called feces.

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 References

Padpad,Evelyn Castante The New SCIENCE LINKS Worktext in Science and

Technology (Revised Edition 2015 and Reprinted February, 2016; distributed by Rex
bookstore, Inc. at 856 Nicanor Reyes Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila)

Pineda, Dorina C.; Villar, Edna S.Building Knowledge in Science and

Health(Philippine Copyright 2007 by St. Augustine Publications, Inc.;
Printed by BOOKMEDIA PRESS, INC.)

Bespicio, E.G.SCIENCE Fundamentals for Elementary School

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Assessment
1. A Guide Practice 1
2. A 1. b 6. c
3. B 2. f 7. g
4. C
3. a 8. e
5. A
6. A 4. i 9. j
7. B 5. d 10. h
8. C Guide Practice 2
9. D 1. J 6. H
10. A 2. F 7. B
3. A 8. E
Reflection
4. D 9. G
1. True 6. True
2. False 7. True 5. I 10. C
3. True 8. True
4. True 9. True Independent Practice
5. False 10. True A. 1.Mouth
2. Esophagus
Key to Review
3. Stomach
1. NOSE 4. Small Intestine
2. DIAPHRAGM 5. Large Intestine
3. BRONCHI 6. Rectum
4. LUNGS 7. Anus
5. PHARYNX B.
6. TRACHEA 1. nostrils 6. Larynx
7. LARYNX
2. nasal cavity 7. Trachea
3. cilia 8. Lungs
4. pharynx 9. Bronchioles
5. epiglottis 10. alveoli
Key to Corrections
 Acknowledgment

The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt gratitude
to the following, who in one way or the other, have contributed to the successful
preparation, development, quality assurance, printing, and distribution of the
Quarter 2 Guided Learning Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all learning areas across grade
levels as a response to providing the learners with developmentally-appropriate,
contextualized and simplified learning resources with most essential learning
competencies (MELCs)-based activities anchored on the principles of guided learning
and explicit instruction:

First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of the writers
and graphic artists for devoting much of their time and exhausting their best efforts
to produce these indispensable learning kits used for the implementation of learning
delivery modalities.

Second, the content editors, language reviewers, and layout evaluators

making up the Division Quality Assurance Team (DQAT) for having carefully
evaluated all GLAKs to ensure quality and compliance to DepEd standards;

Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly extending its

financial assistance to augment the funds for the printing of these learning resources
for use by learners and parents at home;

Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close coordination with

the school heads, for their weekly distribution and retrieval of the GLAKs and for
their frequent monitoring of the learners’ progress through various means; and

Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the learners
the needed guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish the tasks and for
gradually helping them become independent learners.

To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would

not be possible without your collective effort and strong commitment to
serving our Zambaleño learners.

Again, our sincerest thanks!

The Management Team

 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III - Schools Division of Zambales

Learning Resources Management Section (LRMS)
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391