PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

CHAPTER 1 MODULE 1

INTRODUCTION TO CRAFT DESIGN (HANDICRAFT)

A. HISTORY OF HANDICRAFTS

A handicraft, often known as artisanal handicraft or handmade, is any of a number of

different sorts of work in which useful and ornamental things are created entirely by hand or
with only simple, non-automated instruments such as scissors, carving implements, or hooks. It
is a traditional main sector of craft production that encompasses a wide range of creative and
design activities involving the use of one's hands and ability, such as working with fabrics,
moldable and stiff materials, paper, plant fibers, clay, and so on. Dhokra, a type of metal casting
that has been used in India for over 4,000 years and is being utilized, is one of the oldest
handicrafts. Red pottery is still made by women in Iran's Baluchistan province.

Human handicrafts began right from the beginning of mankind's evolution - marking it, in fact -
prompted by the need for food, the necessity for tools to be created in order to hunt for prey,
and the fundamental urge of survival. Early Homo Habilis relied on objects from their
environment and moulded surrounding materials according to their will around 2.6 million years
ago, resulting in the production of the first handicrafts ever made: TOOLS! Spears and axes were
among the tools and weapons they utilized to survive, hunt, protect themselves in their natural
surroundings, and climb over predators higher up the food chain. YES, there were handicrafts,
and they provided a creative artistic foundation for the handevolution made

The term handicrafts can also refer to the products themselves of such artisanal

efforts, that require specialized knowledge, maybe highly technical in their execution, require
specialized equipment and/or facilities to produce, involve manual labor or a blue-collar work
ethic, are accessible to the general public, and are constructed from materials with histories that
exceed the boundaries of Western "fine art" tradition, such as ceramics, glass, textiles, metal
and wood. These products are produced within a specific community of practice, and while they
mostly differ from the products produced within the communities of art and design, the
boundaries often overlap, resulting in hybrid objects. Additionally, as the interpretation and
validation of art is frequently a matter of context, an audience may perceive handcrafted objects
as art objects when these objects are viewed within an art context, such as in a museum or in a
position of prominence in one's home.

B. DIFFERENT TYPES OF HANDICRAFTS

There are hundreds if not thousands of different varieties of handicrafts.

crafting includes a variety of art forms, from sculpture and metalwork to knitting

and printing. These crafts can all divided into five basic types based on them

form and purpose; textile, decorative, paper, functional and fashion crafts.

a. TEXTILE CRAFTS

b. DECORATIVE

c. PAPER

d. FUNCTIONAL

e. FASHION CRAFTS

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A. TEXTILE CRAFTS

These include any type of craft where you work with fabric, yarn or surface design.

Some examples are knitting, quilting, applique, weaving and dyeing. Many of these could
obviously also fall into the decorative or fashion crafts categories since the finished goods are
often sold as sweaters or wall hangings. However, they are technically textile crafts since they all
start with fabric.

EXAMPLES OF TEXTILE CRAFTS

Quilting

Embroider

Lace making

Rope making

Canvas work

Crochet

Weaving

Shoe making

Knitting

B. DECORATIVE CRAFTS

Unlike fine art, decorative art typically has some element of utility to it. Combining furniture-
making with metalwork is a popular trend. This category includes toy making and other arts-
anything where the final product is a piece of decor. A piece of furniture example on its own
right- but its main functions is to provide a place.

C. PAPER CRAFTS

As the name implies, paper crafts have to do with paper. Many kids get their first

introduction to pare crafts in pre-school when they use carved

potatoes, lady fingers to handprint designs on construction paper. The grown-up

version of this is wood and linoleum engraving.

D. FUNCTIONAL CRAFT

Obviously, to attract the widest possible customer base, it’s good to have functionality built into
your art or craft. Many times, customers who won't shell out the big bucks for an original
creation just because of its good looks will justify the cost because it can also be used in day-to-

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day life. Many of the four other types of crafts can also be classified as functional. For example,
decorative pottery including serving platters and utensils-is often made with components that
are okay for people to eat from. many furniture crafts primarily functional but can also be quite
decorative.

E. FASHION CRAFTS

This craft encompasses all the elements of dressing the human body: jewelry, hats,

leatherwork (shoes, belts, handbags), and garments. it will naturally intersect with other

craft types since jewelry can be made through metalworking and garments are

fabricated by sewing- which can be classified as a textile craft.

Fashion crafts involve a variety of materials, from soft fabrics such as materials such as

nylon, cotton, linen, and wool to sturdier materials such as nylon, canvas and leather.

What are major handicrafts?

List of 12 Most Amazing Handicrafts of India:

1. Pashmina Shawls.

Pashmina is a fine type of wool.

2. Woodwork.

The northern states of India have a rich tradition of the

woodwork.

3. Pottery.

4. Leather.

5. Jute.

6. Shell.

7. Brass Handicrafts.

8. Bamboo Handicrafts.

What are the types of local craft?

TYPES OF CRAFTWORKS IN OUR LOCALITIES

• Pottery.

• Weaving.

• Leather work.

• Blacksmithing.

• dyeing.

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What are the five main areas of craft?

Crafting includes a variety of art forms, from sculpture and metalwork to

knitting and printing. These crafts can all be divided into five basic types

based on their form and purpose: textile, decorative, paper, functional, and

fashion crafts.

What are the three types of craft?

• Types of Craft.

• Textiles. Appliqué, Crocheting, Embroidery, Felt-making, Knitting, Lace-

making, Macramé, Quilting, Tapestry art, Weaving.

• Woodcraft.

• Papercraft.

• Pottery and Glass Crafts (see also Ancient Pottery)

• Jewelry.

• Other Examples of Craftwork.

What is craft list?

Craft-List is a server listing site where you can publicly display and browse

Minecraft servers. You can quickly link your Apex server to your Craft-List

account and have it posted in less than a minute. Once posted your servers is then listed with its
relative information for others to review.

What are some traditional US crafts?

Five traditional crafts that deserve a revival

• Blacksmithing.

• Calligraphy.

• Pole lathe turning.

• Basketmaking.

• Dry stone walling.

What do you call a person who does crafts?

(ˈkrɑːftsmən) n, pl -men. 1. (Crafts) a member of a skilled trade; someone

who practices a craft; artisan.

Is a sly?

When you’re sly, you’re crafty, cunning, tricky, and wily. Being sly is being deceitful, though not
in the worst way. If you’re good at lying, you’re quite sly: People who are sly are good at pulling

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one over on other people. Someone who killed someone and lied about it would not be
described as sly.

What is a crafty woman?

adjective. If you describe someone as crafty, you mean that they achieve what they want in a
clever way, often by deceiving people. a crafty, lying character who enjoys plotting against
others.

What is the word crafting mean?

crafted; crafting; crafts. Definition of craft (Entry 2 of 2) transitive verb. : to make or produce

with care, skill, or ingenuity She is crafting a new sculpture. a carefully crafted story.

What’s the difference between art and craft?

Art is described as an unstructured and open-ended form of work; that expresses emotions,
feelings, and vision. Craft denotes a form of work, involving the creation of physical objects, by
the use of hands and brain. Art relies on artistic merit whereas craft is based on learned skills
and technique.

What does craft mean in writing?

Craft is the art of writing. It is the writer’s intentional use of the following to create an effect on
the reader: figurative language. snapshots/imagery/details.

What is crafting in art?

Craft is a form of making which generally produces an object that has a function: such as
something you can wear or eat or drink from.

What does HT stand for in crafts?

HT stands for: Hat Tip. A hat tip is a traditional gesture from the 19th and early 20th century,
typically between two men.

What are the seven elements of art?

The seven most common elements include line, shape, texture, form, space, color and

value, with the additions of mark making, and materiality.

CHAPTER 2 MODULE 2

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN THE LABORATORY

Learning Content:

Using arts and crafts materials can be fun, but some may pose health risk. You should always
follow all the safety instructions on the product label.

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Safety Tips

1. Look for safer alternatives.

2. Keep materials in their original containers.

3. Follow safety instructions.

4. Do arts and crafts in an area where the air circulates well.

5. Know emergency numbers.

6. Use protective equipment.

This includes:

-goggles or prescription eyeglasses to protect your eyes from splashes or small objects

-earplugs to protect against loud noises

-rubberized gloves to avoid getting solvents or acids on your skin

-dust masks or respirators to prevent breathing in dust or fumes

7. Wash up

8. Store carefully

9. Dispose of materials carefully

Tips for Hand and Power Tool Safety

1. Buy quality tools. Many tools, including cutters and hammers, should be made of steel and
should be heat-treated.

2. Regularly inspect tools to make sure they are in good shape and fit for use.

3. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, like leather gloves.

4. Use the right tool for the job. In other words, don’t try to use a wrench as a hammer.

5. Make sure that your feet are planted on a stable surface.

6. Never carry pointed tools in your pocket. Carry them in a toolbox or cart instead.

7. Keep floors dry and clean to avoid slipping while working with or around dangerous tools.

8.Make sure tools are stored in a safe place.

Maintenance in Laboratory

1. Always keep your work area(s) tidy and clean.

2. Make sure that all eye wash stations, emergency showers, fire extinguishers, and exits are
always unobstructed and accessible.

3. Only materials you require for your work should be kept in your work area. Everything else
should be stored safely out of the way.

4. Solids should always be kept out of the laboratory sink.

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5. Any equipment that requires air flow or ventilation to prevent overheating should always be
kept clear.

CHAPTER 3 MODULE 3

EMBROIDERY

What is Embroidery?

Embroidery is the art or handicraft of decorating fabric or other materials with needle and
thread or yarn.

The term Embroidery is an English word derived from the old French embroiders meaning edge
and border.

Embroidery is most often used on caps, hats, coats, blankets, dress shirts, denim, stocking, and
golf shirt.

Historical background of Embroidery

• Embroidery was introduced into the Orient by the Netherlanders in the 15th century. It was
bought by the Spaniards into the Philippines where it has made a wonderful growth, and work
done it rivals the best work done in Switzerland, a country noted for its exquisite embroidery

• Embroidery has been practiced in the Philippines since the Spanish colonial period. Spanish
nuns taught stitching to girls in the beater iOS, and their magnificent embroidery has found its
way to Europe and America. Embroidery has been practiced in the Philippines since the Spanish
colonial period.

Importance of embroidery

Eye-hand coordination, color theory, design and planning skills area all developed by
embroidery. These skills easily build academic skills as well by improving fine motor skills,
manual dexterity and manipulative skills as well as a working understanding of art and life
management skills.

Tools and Materials use in Embroidery

1. Gauge Use to measure short distance

2. Tape measure use for measuring more than one- foot distance or materials.
3. Thimbles made from metal or plastic, protect the middle finger and push the needle
while doing your embroidery work.
4. Embroidery Hoop made of wood, bone metal or plastic use to make eyelets in the fabric
to be embroiders.
5.  Embroider scissors is small, sharp and pointed good for fine work use for trimming
scallops, clipping threads.
6. Needle Thread is use for easier threading especially by those sewers with poor eyesight.
7. Embroidery needle a short pieces of steel with fine point at once end and a little
opening eye at the other.
8. Pin cushion a pace for pin and needles.
9. Tracing paper used for tracing designs
10. Pounce is fine powder used in transferring design by pricking method.
11. Sewing box use to keep together the embroidery tools and materials.

Materials

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1. Fabric – sometimes referred to as cloth, are of great variety and they differ in material,
weight, weave, design, color, and finish.

Three types of fabric

Common weave – includes most tightly woven fabrics with a relatively smooth surface like linen,
wool and cotton.

Even weave – are intended for hard anger embroidery since the number of threads per square
inch is same for both warp and woof.

Basket weave – is commonly used by beginners and ramie linen by those who have used to this
embroidery.

2. Thread – is available in various types. They differ in terms of texture, fiber content
number of strands and colors. Threads are usually coded in numbers and colors names.

Proper Care of Embroidery Thread

Thread dents- when a cone falls onto the floor, the point of impact can “dent “the thread,
resulting in a week spot that can ultimately lead to problems as the thread travels toward the
needle.

Discoloring and fading – Threads, especially rayon, will fade when exposed to sunlight for
extended periods of time.

Lint build up – Threads that sit out, exposed to the elements of your shop’s environment, are
prone to dust and lint building up.

Brittleness- in addition to discoloring and fading, excessive exposure to sunlight can dry out the
thread and lead to brittleness in the fibers.

Embroidery Stitches

1. Back stitch the most often used to outline a design. This stitch also forms the base line
for other embroidery stitches.
2. Bullion stitch - a single detached stitch that is used for filling in a design area.
3. Chain stitch – one of the more popular stitches used for outlining.
4. Cross stitch- stitched formed by two crossing arms and maybe used for outlining, as
boarders or to fill in an entire area.
5. Feather stitch – a stitch with a loop and stitches evenly worked on both left and right
sides of a design area.
6. Fish Bone- a kind of filling stitch which is ideal for making leaves or feathers.
7. French knot – a single detached stitched used primarily to fill in a design area.
8. Herringbone stitch- a basic overlapping stitch popular for its use in borders.
9. Lazy daisy chain stitch – also called detached chain stitch, this stitch is work in a circle to
resemble the petals of a flower.
10. Looped stitch – a very decorative stitch and can be experimented with threads for
various colors over borders.
11. Running Stitch – considered being the easiest stitch for outlining.
12. Satin Stitch – a solid filling stitch that is used to cover a design area with long, straight
stitches worked very close together.
13. Split- done using quite thick threads, such as wool.
14. Seed also known as rice grain stitch – stitchuses simple straight stitches in a single
direction to fill in patterns.
15. Stem stitch – basically an outline stitch, this stitch is usually used for flower stem and
outlines.

CHAPTER 4 MODULE 4
UTILIZATION OF INDIGENOUS RAW MATERIALS

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How do we utilize indigenous materials?

The native Filipino products like in wooden or rattan furniture and handicrafts, woven abaca or
pina cloth, and other handmade or carved toy or trinket one usually finds in rural areas was
made from indigenous raw materials. Natural fibers from rattan, bamboo, nipa leaves, abaca
and pina are commonly used for weaving.

Why is it important to use indigenous materials?

Using locally produced materials has multiple advantages. It reduces the fossil fuels and
associated pollutants (including greenhouse gas emissions) required for shipping. It supports
local businesses and feeds money into the regional economy.

What can be considered as indigenous materials and its uses?

Indigenous materials, therefore, are materials that are naturally and locally found in a specific
place or area. Indigenous materials also do not require costly processing, which consume energy
and other resources, and can be used even in their raw, untreated forms.

What are the indigenous materials that can be found in the Philippines?

 Abaca- strong fiber obtained from the leafstalk of a banana

Sample craft: Abaca bag
https://youtu.be/M-PRMotIsco
 Coconut shell- is an agricultural waste and is available in plentiful quantities.
Sample craft: Soap holder
https://youtu.be/Ln7mvJY176Q
 Bamboo- subfamily of tall treelike grasses.
Sample craft: Bamboo chandelier
https://youtu.be/jwW58AVMA3I
 Rattan- is a naturally renewable palm that grows in the tropical regions of Asia
Sample craft: Basket
https://youtu.be/p8Dmcx6hz8w
 Buri- the most stately and largest of the Philippine palms. Trunk is straight and erect, up
to 1 meter in diameter and 20 meters in height.
https://youtu.be/ku406fhGTGc

What are the different indigenous materials?

Various types of indigenous materials that could be tapped or improved for possible housing
materials are discussed. These are bamboo, nipa, cogon, pandan, coconut wood, twigs, rice
stalks and rice hulls, timber, rubber, clay, sulfur, volcanic ash and pebbles, adobe stones and
asphalt rock.

What are indigenous recycled materials?

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Indigenous materials include not only the organic and inorganic materials naturally occurring in
the area, but also recycled materials from the operating bases (metals, polymers, etc.) and
battlefield scrap.

How important is the indigenous materials in the lives of Filipino?

Using indigenous materials in your homes not only lessens the energy and operation costs that
is much noticed with foreign style, but it also helps the sustainability of these materials and
shows pride on our products.

CHAPTER 5 MODULE 5

WASTE RECYCLING USING THE FOLLOWING:

(Bottle caps, rags, plastic, newspaper and candy wrapper)

WHAT IS RECYCLING?
Recycling is the process of collecting and processing materials that would otherwise be thrown
away as trash and turning them into new products. Recycling can benefit our community and
environment.

BENEFITS OF RECYCLING

• Reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills.

• Conserves natural resources such as timber, water and minerals.

• Prevents pollution by reducing the need to collect new raw materials.

• Saves energy.

• Helps create jobs in the recycling and manufacturing industries.

STEPS TO RECYCLING MATERIALS

Step 1: Collection and Processing

There are several methods for collecting recyclables, including curbside collection, drop-off
centers, and deposit or refund programs.

After collection, recyclables are sent to a recovery facility to be sorted, cleaned and processed
into materials that can be used in manufacturing.

Step 2: Manufacturing

More and more of today's products are being manufactured with recycled content.

Some waste items that can be recycled materials are the following:

• Bottle caps

• Rags

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• Plastic

• Newspaper and candy wrapper

WASTE RECYCLING USING BOTTLE CAPS

Bottle caps are often so small that it’s easy to overlook the impact they have on the
environment. If you drop one on the ground at the park or the beach, you may think it’s not a
big deal.But the government found that the “plastic bottle caps are one of the top 10 items
found during marine debris beach clean-ups and are the second most littered item after
cigarette butts.”

HERE IS SOME OF WHAT YOU CAN DO WITH THE RECYCLED BOTTLE CAPS:

BOTTLE CAP PICTURE FRAMES

Turn old ordinary frames into extraordinary gifts with your bottle caps. You just need a standard
frame, which you can get at the Dollar Store for under a dollar in most cases. Then just use hot
glue to attach bottle caps all around the outside. This creates a veryunique and very beautiful
frame that is perfect for displaying your favorite family photos.

https://youtu.be/RoKbztju4ic

DIY BOTTLE CAP GARDEN FLOWER

This little flower would be an adorable addition to your garden or lawn. You make it with bottle
caps and a tin can lid; it’s a great up cycling project. Just bend your bottle caps to make the
petals and then attach them all to an up cycled lid. Use different colored bottle caps to create a
really unique flower or match them all for a more uniform look.

Step 1: Materials

First I collected my materials. I used bottle caps (I used 20 in mine), a tin can lid, a chopstick, and
glue (I started with super glue but switched to epoxy b/c some weren't holding).

Step 2: Shape Petals

I started bending my bottle caps into the shape of flower petals. The basic idea was inspired by a
previous project where I had created a felt flower. I used my pliers and just started bending until
I got the shape I wanted. For me, the easiest way to do it was to grab the rim of the bottle cap
and pull it down to flatten it. Then I would bend in the two sides. Finally, I would bend down the
top. My first few petals looked like blobs of metal so it takes a little trialand-error.

Step 3: Glue to Lid

As I went, I laid my petals out on the tin can lid to determine how many I would need. I did two
layers of petals, but you can switch it up and do more if you like. Next I glued on the petals. I did
the entire outside row first and then switched to the second layer. Like I mentioned before, I
tried using super glue but found that some of my petals weren't holding so I switched to epoxy.

Step 4: Attach Flower Center

Finally, I added one more bottle cap in the center. Now you have a finished flower! From there, I
attached a chopstick by gluing it onto the can lid in between two of the petals. This allowed me
to turn it into a garden stake. But there are lots of other possibilities. You could paint it, add

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leaves (maybe cut from soda cans?), turn it into a pin, etc.

WASTE RECYCLING USING RAGS

Like any good recycler, you turned your old towels and unwanted T-shirts into cleaning rags. You
used those rags to clean up some motor oil, stain some furniture and wash your windows with
some pretty heavy-duty cleaning spray.

HERE ARE SOME CRAFTS YOU CAN MAKE WITH RAGS:

WOVEN RAG RUG

Woven rugs require a loom, but A Piece of Rainbow has shown how to make a simple rug loom,
with instructions for making this colourful rag rug. The size of the rug is limited only by the size
of the loom.

https://youtu.be/qPnJKfDvZQI

WASTE RECYCLING USING PLASTIC

Presently, almost all recycling is performed by remelting and reforming using plastic into new
items; so called mechanical recycling.In an alternative approach know as feedstock recycling,
waste plastic is converted back into its starting chemicals, which can then be reprocessed back
into fresh plastic.

YET, THERE ARE CRAFTS WE CAN DO WITH THE RECYCLED PLASTICS.

HERE ARE SOME:

NO-SEW ZIPPER CASES

Turn your old plastic bottles into useful and sturdy no-sew zipper cases that will help you
organize your life, for almost no cost at all. You can use them to store all sorts of art and craft
supplies. This is also an awesome back-toschool craft idea for kids. To make one, cut the plastic
bottle, glue a zipper to it, customize the decorations and you’re done. You can learn how to
make these creative zipper cases from plastic bottles.

https://youtu.be/12mOH08ME7Y

KITCHEN STORAGE CONTAINERS

Old plastic bottles can make excellent storage containers. Take back your kitchen space with this
really cool and very affordable kitchen storage solution. Making repurposed containers out of
your old bottles is fun and super easy, plus you could save yourself some money by crafting
something you need instead of having to go out and buy it.

https://youtu.be/E_Dv85oKoQA

WASTE RECYCLING USING NEWSPAPER AND CANDY WRAPPER

The process of waste recycling most often involves newspapers and old papers.

HERE ARE SOME CRAFTS MADE WITH NEWSPAPERS AND CANDY

WRAPPER:

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DIY LAMPSHADE USING NEWSPAPER AND CARDBOARD

Try out this cool DIY Lampshade made using newspaper and cardboard. You can make this cool
DIY lampshade chandelier or lantern using 100% recycled waste materials.

https://youtu.be/WN-Zy2SYtuQ

CANDY WRAPPER POUCH OR COIN PURSE

Wrappers from candies that come in bags like Skittles and M&Ms can be sewn into a zippered
pouch for holding money, toys or even more candy. Or, you could use the smaller fun-size bags
to make a coin purse.

https://youtu.be/pMm0CTg8jmU

CHAPTER 6 MODULE 6

GIFT WRAPPING

GIFT WRAPPING

What is gift wrapping?

-Gift wrapping refers to the act of enclosing a gift in some sort of material.

WRAPPING PAPER

-is a kind of paper design for gift wrapping. Gifts may also be wrapped in a box. They may be
held closed with ribbon and topped with a decorative bow.

GIFT WRAPPING ALTERNATIVES.

•Consider using comics or newspapers to wrap your gift or stamp and paint appropriate designs
onto plain white or brown Kraft paper.

•Choose transparent cellophane tape for your gift wrapping needs.

-This kind give your package a more tidy appearance that can be achieved with other types
of tape.

•Use a fabric lined basket or a drawstring fabric bag as wrapper if your gift will not fit in a box

•Cut out pictures of last year's calendar and use them for gift wrapping.

- The pictures are bright and interesting the coated stock is glossy and finished looking, and
the weight of the paper makes the wrapping neat and proper.

•Reuse gift wraps for wrapping smaller presents.

MATERIALS IN WRAPPING A GIFT

• Wrapping paper

•Scissors

•Tape

• A present to wrap

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•Your hands

•Ribbon

• A bow

•Gift Tags

• A marker pen

PROCEDURE:

1. Unroll your wrapping paper.

2. Use your present and to measure the amount of wrapping paper you need.

3. Cut the wrapping paper

4. Fold the wrapping paper over the side of the present and tape it to the present.

5. Repeat step 4 to cover the other side of the present

6. Take the edge and fold it over the box then tape.

7. Repeat the steps 5 and 6 to the other side of your gift.

8. Decorate your present with your choice of ribbons or bows

9. Write the name of gift receiver on your gift tag and attach it to your present.

CHAPTER 7 MODULE 7

Materials to be used:

1. FABRIC- The most ideal or appropriate kinds for this embroidery are the linen and piῇa cloth.
The fabric should be fine and light in weight. The warp and the woof threads should be even in
size and thickness.

2. SEWING TOOLS- Making the calado embroidery is a sewing activity so it needs several sewing
tools.

3. NEEDLES AND PINS- They are available in a variety of sizes and styles. Look for rustproof
needles and pins made of brass nickel-plated steel or stainless steel. Sharps are all- purpose,
medium-length needles designed for general sewing. Crewels are sharp, large-eyed medium-
length needles designed for embroidery. Pins with colored ball heads are easier to see and are
less likely to be lost than those with flat heads.

4. THREADS- They are available as skein thread and as spool-ball thread. The spool-ball threads
are used for overcasting the mesh while the skein thread is used for embroidering the other
parts of the design.

5. PIN CUSHION- It provides a safe and handy place to store pins. One style is worn on the wrist
for convenience.

6.THIMBLE- It protects your finger while sewing.

7. NEEDLE THREADER- It eases threading of hand and machine needles .

8. EMBROIDERY SCISSOR- It is slender, s harp, and pointed.

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9. TAPE MEASURE- It is a measuring tool. Choose one that does not stretch.

10. SEWING BOX- It is a container where the sewing tools are kept.

OTHER MATERIALS NEEDED:

1. TRACING PAPER- This is where the design is drawn.

2. WATER COLOR BRUSH- It is used for transferring the design.

3. CLOTH BAG- It is used to keep the embroidery fabric after working on it.

STITCHES FOR CALADO EMBROIDERY

RUNNING STITCH- This is the most basic stitch. Be careful that all the stitches and gaps are of
equal length. Bring needle up at 1 down at 2. Pick up several stitches on needle before pulling it
through. A variation of this stitch is to work a thread of a different color in between the stitches.
Be careful not to pull the thread to tight.

BACK STITCH- Bring the needle up at 1 and down through 2, completing the first stitch. Then
bring the needle through at 3 and carry it back down again at 1 to complete the second stitch.
Distance between 3-1 and 1-2 should be equal. Repeat sequence for next stitch , needle
entering at 2 should go into hole made by thread emerging from point 1 of previous stitch. Be
careful that all stitches should be even. It can be threaded in a similar way to running stitch. To
work single- threaded line, use a blunt needle to lace the yarn under each stitch.

STEM STICH- Bring the needle out at 1, insert at 2 and exit a half stitch back at 3. Distance 1-3
and 3-2 should be equal. Note that point 3 of previous stitch is now 1 and the needle emerging
at 3 is coming from hole made by thread entering at point 2 of previous stitch.

SATIN STITCH- It is one of the most important embroidery stitches . It is used for filling in areas .
It appears simple, but it takes some practice to get the coverage absolutely even. The direction
in which these stitches lie is very important. Look carefully at the design before you begin
stitching as the direction you choose will influence the way the light reflects off the area and the
look of the filled space.

BLANKET STITCH- This also called the buttonhole stitch and is frequently used to protect fabric
at the edges of blankets or round button holes. This is how it is made. Stitch is worked from left
to right . Bring the needle out at 1 on bottom line. Insert at 2 on top line and slightly on the right
then exit at 3,directly below. Before pulling needle through, carry yarn under point of needle.
Proceed to the next stitch. Point 3 of previous stitch is now point 1. Work entire row in the same
way, keeping height of stitches even throughout.

FLY STITCH- It is also known as open loop. Fly stitch can be worked individually or paced in
groups and rows to give different effects. Bring the needle up at 1. Insert at 2 directly across,
then angle needle out at 3. Points 1,2 and 3 should be equidistant. Carry the yarn under the
needle point and pull through. Complete stitch by inserting at 4 over loop.

CHAIN STITCH- It is one of the most popular embroidery stitches for outlining or for filling an
area. This is how it is made. Bring the needle out at 1. Insert back at the same hole at point 1
and bring out at 2 carrying yarn under needlepoint, then pull it through. Point 2 is now point 1 of
next stitch. Work all stitches the same way, always inserting needle into the hole made by
emerging thread. To end row take a small stitch over last chain loop to hold it down.

LAZY DAISY STITCH- A variant of chain stitch, is useful for making small flower petals. It is made
by forming a loop in the usual way. Bring needle out at 1. Insert back into same hole at point 1;

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and exit at 2; carry yarn under needle point then pull through. Inset needle at 3 over chain loop,
and then bring needle out at point 1 for the next chain stitch. Continue the way until all petals
are complete.

VAN DYKE STITCH- It is a stitch used for leaf designs. As the stitch is formed, a thin braided line
is formed at the center to represent the central vein of the leaf. The first 4 steps in the following
series start the design. The fifth and sixth steps are repeated in sequence thereafter.

FRENCH KNOT- These small knots appear like beads. They can be used as filling for the center of
a flower. This is how it is done. Bring needle to the right side of the material at the point where
the knot is to be made.(A) Hold the thread firmly between the left thumb and first (index) finger
quite closed to the fabric. Twist the thread around the needle pulling it taut. Turn the needle in
the opposite direction and insert it closed to the point where the thread emerged. Pull the
needle through the coils of thread on the wrong side of the work.

CHAPTER 8 MODULE 8

SMOCKING

What is SMOCKING

Smoking is an embroidery technique that is probably thousands of years old. The name is coined
only during 1700’s in England.The technique used at the time was gathering. A full work shirt
was gathered at the bodice and the sleeves. This gathered effect in the garment was then called
a “smock”.Smocking was introdced to work man garment mainly to give fullness or free
movement of their body and arms. Smocked garments were worn by agricultural laborers,trades
men,and shepherds in earlier times. In the 19th century smocks were received by artists, to
cover their clothing,and ladies adapted them in a modified form with fancy embroidery.Later
babies clothing, silk under garments for ladies,and even afternoon dresses appeared with
smocking. Ladies magazines had instructions for hand smocking and patterns for garments. At
present smocking has become the fashion statement.

Types of Smocking

The industrial revolution changed the smocking styles and patterns drastically. There are many
types of smocking known throughout the world. The italians have “shirring”worked from the
back of the fabric, the Romanians have a patterned design using tubes that resemble reeds,and
other countries stress picture formation over gathered threads,again all done by hand. Smocking
basically consists of pleated fabric and a fibre (usually a floss) for embellishment stitches. Pleats
are created in two ways;

·               A set of dots printed or pressed on the fabric.

·               Dots are then used as a gathering guide to create hand pleats (Figure 9.9).

  Pleats used in English smocking look like small tubes (Figure 9.10).

Small tubes are placed at equi-distant across a the fabric with a thread running through the
tubes

·               The threads running through the pleats are called as thread guides

·               These thread guides are removed after the smocking is completed

·               Thread guides should not be visible sometimes these stitches are not removed at top
and bottom lines to maintain shape.

Fabric Used

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Silk, linen, cotton, striped and gingham fabrics are used. Firm fabrics are always preferred and
are easier to embellish.

The gathering or embroidery techniques varied from area to area within a country. However
smocking is catagorised into three types such as English smocking, American smocking and
Canadian smocking.

1. English Smocking

English Smocking is of two types namely

Geometric Smocking and Picture Smocking.

Geometric Smocking

In this type only two stitches are used. They are Cable stitch and Trellis stitch. Simple borders,
lines and thousands of patterns can be created with cable and trellis stitches (Figure 9.21)

Picture Smocking

For picture smocking hundred percent cotton fabric is used. Fabric folds are secured very tightly.
On the fabric folds, embroidery is done with stacked cable stitches. Embroidered pattern should
cover the fabric fully and the background fabric is not seen. Pictures such as flowers, animals,
birds and other sceneries’ can be created (Figure 9.22).

2. American Smocking

American Smocking is otherwise known as Counter change smocking. It has been popularized by
a young woman in Arizona, Anne Hallay. This smocking is done on gingham, striped, or a gridded
fabric. Basically 5/8” stripped fabric is made into squares and a honeycomb or vandyke stitch is
used to bring the sections together. Finished fabric will have the illusion of a solid fabric.No
pleating is used for this type of smocking. This type of smocking is more often used in teenager’s
garments. English Smocking is of three types namely Counter change

Smocking, Mock Smocking and Direct Smocking.

Counter change Smocking

This type of smocking requires a grid. Most often striped and checked fabric is used to do this
work. No stretch is created in this type of smocking. Three times more fabric is needed to bring
to the required length and width.

Mock Smocking

For this type of smocking, fabric folds are created. Any printed or plain fabric can be used for
this work. Little stretch is created in Mock smocking. Only honey comb pattern is created in
mock smocking.

Direct Smocking

Grid pattern is used for this type of smocking. Following the pattern small stitches are made and
secured. Trim the thread and complete the pattern.

3.  Canadian Smocking or North American Smocking

Canadian smocking is also called as North American Smocking. In this type textural effect is
created on the front side of the fabric. No pleating is required for Canadian smocking. A grid is

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drawn or designed on the back of the fabric. Later it is used to create the three dimensional
effect on the front side of the fabric. This type of smocking is not usually pressed or ironed. The
texture would be flattened or destroying if the smocked fabric is pressed.

The fabric used should be cut on grain

·               Pleating threads are parallel to the cross grain

·               Fabric is not damaged by the needles or the pleating machine

·               There are no folds, bubbles, or splits

·               Any temporary marking have been completely removed

·               Smocking is appropriately centered in garment

·               No visible break on the front side where the threads have been stopped and restarted

·               Stitches catch only the appropriate pleats

·               Stitch tension appears consistent for all stitches ;tension is neither too tight that pleats
are pinched nor too loose so that thread sags

·               Stitch depth is consistent

·               Threads within stitches are laid smoothly

·               Threads from any back smocking, are not visible on the front of the work

Types of Canadian Smocking

Lattice Smocking

It creates a beautiful pattern on the right side of the fabric. There are a few variations where the
pattern of stitches is worked on the front-one of these is called flower smocking. Grid pattern is
used to mark designs.

Fabric Smocking

This smocking is created with the grid pattern. Textural effect is created on the right side of the
fabric. Three times more fabric is required and good stretch is created.

Reverse Smocking

This type of smocking is reversible. Patterns are seen on both the sides. No thread is visible on
right and wrong sides of the fabric.

CHAPTER 9 MODULE 9

NEW TREND IN HANDICRAFT

Handicrafts refer to products that are handmade using simple tools and represent the culture
and traditions of a country or region.

HOMEMADE POTTERY

DIY Pottery is huge, like HUGE at the moment. The best thing about this trend is that the more
handmade and unique the pieces are, the better it is. You do not need to be a Potter to create
your own homeware piece in 2021.

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This means you do not have to be an expert to make your own creations and due to the
affordable air dry & polymer clay on the market, you do not need a kiln or any fancy expensive
tools to get started.

PUNCH NEEDLE

Punch Needling has slowly been getting popular over the last few years and is only getting more
popular. The use of yarn that is looped through fabric to create any design, makes this craft a
creative way to show your own style and bring art to life.

CROCHET CLOTHING

Crochet is back with a vengeance and I mean right back to the 1960s with traditional granny
squares mixed with modern-day style trends and colors. 

Making clothing out of granny squares is not new but the techniques and the symbols added by
some designers within the squares make these fashion crochet pieces cutting edge and a
standout.

TUFTING

If you have not seen an artist using a Tufting Gun then be prepared to be hooked. Start saving
your pennies for your own gun because this trend isn't going away.

FLOWER ART

Dried Flowers that are either whole or pressed are suddenly everywhere at the moment and I
am obsessing over it. Flowers are popping up in all genres of craft, whether it be Boho style
crafts, indie or high-end fashion, you will see flowers being used.

BEADED JEWELRY MAKING

Beaded Jewelry is a great craft for beginners to learn and create personalized pieces that suit
your individual taste and style. Today's beader bring a fresh approach to beading and create
modern designs using old school techniques.

FURNITURE UP CYCLING

Upcycling Furniture is not new but like Upcycling Fashion, it also took off while we were all in
lockdown. Home improvements were popular but with a small budget due to not being able to
work, people really started to recycle their old furniture and give it a new lease of life. Some
creatives have since created online careers doing this and make lots of money selling their
refurbished pieces.

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