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    Cubic Spline - From Wolfram MathWorld

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    Cubic Spline - From Wolfram MathWorld

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    zika
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    Cubic Spline -- From Wolfram MathWorld

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    93 views2 pages

    Cubic Spline - From Wolfram MathWorld

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    zika
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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Cubic Spline -- from Wolfram MathWorld http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CubicSpline.

    html

    SEARCH MATHWORLD

    Cubic Spline in the


    Algebra
    Applied Mathematics > Numerical Methods > Approximation Theory > Interpolation >
    Applied Mathematics Interactive Entries > Interactive Demonstrations >
    Calculus and Analysis
    Discrete Mathematics
    Foundations of Mathematics
    Geometry
    Cubic Spline Random Spline Polygon

    History and Terminology


    Number Theory
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    About MathWorld A cubic spline is a spline constructed of piecewise third-order polynomials


    Contribute to MathWorld which pass through a set of control points. The second derivative of each
    Send a Message to the Team
    polynomial is commonly set to zero at the endpoints, since this provides a Other Wolfram Web Resources »
    MathWorld Book boundary condition that completes the system of equations. This
    produces a so-called "natural" cubic spline and leads to a simple tridiagonal
    13,067 entries system which can be solved easily to give the coefficients of the
    Last updated: Wed May 18 2011
    polynomials. However, this choice is not the only one possible, and other
    boundary conditions can be used instead.

    Cubic splines are implemented in Mathematica as BSplineCurve[pts,


    SplineDegree -> 3].

    Consider 1-dimensional spline for a set of points .


    Following Bartels et al. (1998, pp. 10-13), let the th piece of the spline be
    represented by

    (1)

    where is a parameter and , ..., . Then

    (2)
    (3)

    Taking the derivative of in each interval then gives

    (4)
    (5)

    Solving (2)-(5) for , , , and then gives

    (6)
    (7)
    (8)
    (9)

    Now require that the second derivatives also match at the points, so

    (10)
    (11)
    (12)
    (13)

    for interior points, as well as that the endpoints satisfy

    (14)
    (15)

    This gives a total of equations for the unknowns.


    To obtain two more conditions, require that the second derivatives at the
    endpoints be zero, so

    (16)
    (17)

    Rearranging all these equations (Bartels et al. 1998, pp. 12-13) leads to the
    following beautifully symmetric tridiagonal system

    1 of 2 24.5.2011 9:11
    Cubic Spline -- from Wolfram MathWorld http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CubicSpline.html

    (18)

    If the curve is instead closed, the system becomes

    (19)

    SEE ALSO: Bézier Curve, Spline, Thin Plate Spline

    REFERENCES:

    Bartels, R. H.; Beatty, J. C.; and Barsky, B. A. "Hermite and Cubic Spline Interpolation." Ch. 3
    in An Introduction to Splines for Use in Computer Graphics and Geometric Modelling. San
    Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 9-17, 1998.

    Burden, R. L.; Faires, J. D.; and Reynolds, A. C. Numerical Analysis, 6th ed. Boston, MA:
    Brooks/Cole, pp. 120-121, 1997.

    Press, W. H.; Flannery, B. P.; Teukolsky, S. A.; and Vetterling, W. T. "Cubic Spline
    Interpolation." §3.3 in Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN: The Art of Scientific Computing, 2nd
    ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, pp. 107-110, 1992.

    CITE THIS AS:

    Weisstein, Eric W. "Cubic Spline." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource.


    http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CubicSpline.html

    Contact the MathWorld Team


    © 1999-2011 Wolfram Research, Inc. | Terms of Use

    2 of 2 24.5.2011 9:11

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