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    Kyoto Protocol UPSC Notes

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    Sanchit Rana
    The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It involves 6 main greenhouse gases over a commitment period from 2008-2012. 192 countries have signed on as parties to the Kyoto Protocol, with binding emissions reduction targets for 37 countries under the Doha Amendment for a second commitment period of 2012-2020. India is a signatory that has accepted the Doha Amendment and ratified meeting emissions targets for 2012-2020, emphasizing differentiation between developed and developing countries in terms of responsibility for climate action.

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    Kyoto Protocol UPSC Notes

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    Sanchit Rana
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    The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It involves 6 main greenhouse gases over a commitment period from 2008-2012. 192 countries have signed on as parties to the Kyoto Protocol, with binding emissions reduction targets for 37 countries under the Doha Amendment for a second commitment period of 2012-2020. India is a signatory that has accepted the Doha Amendment and ratified meeting emissions targets for 2012-2020, emphasizing differentiation between developed and developing countries in terms of responsibility for climate action.

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    The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It involves 6 main greenhouse gases over a commitment period from 2008-2012. 192 countries have signed on as parties to the Kyoto Protocol, with binding emissions reduction targets for 37 countries under the Doha Amendment for a second commitment period of 2012-2020. India is a signatory that has accepted the Doha Amendment and ratified meeting emissions targets for 2012-2020, emphasizing differentiation between developed and developing countries in terms of responsibility for climate action.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views3 pages

    Kyoto Protocol UPSC Notes

    Uploaded by

    Sanchit Rana
    The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It involves 6 main greenhouse gases over a commitment period from 2008-2012. 192 countries have signed on as parties to the Kyoto Protocol, with binding emissions reduction targets for 37 countries under the Doha Amendment for a second commitment period of 2012-2020. India is a signatory that has accepted the Doha Amendment and ratified meeting emissions targets for 2012-2020, emphasizing differentiation between developed and developing countries in terms of responsibility for climate action.

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    UPSC Preparation

    Kyoto Protocol - Definition, Operation, Member Countries &


    Doha Amendment
    It is an international treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Kyoto Protocol applies to 6 greenhouse
    gases; carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur
    hexafluoride. It is an extension to the 1992 UNFCCC. This article will bring you the relevant details
    about the Kyoto Protocol.

    The Topic, ‘Kyoto Protocol’ is important from the UPSC Mains GS III exam point of view. To
    complement exam preparation, follow the links mentioned below:

     UPSC Previous Year Question Papers


     Top 5 Magazines for UPSC
     Environment & Ecology Notes for UPSC
     Environment Questions from UPSC Mains GS 3

    Kyoto Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, keeping in mind
    the socio-economic development of the concerned countries and the polluter pays principle. It is one of
    the important international environment protocols.
    The protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. 36 countries had participated
    in the first commitment period. 9 countries opted for flexibility mechanisms since their national
    emissions were greater than their targets. Hence these countries funded emissions reductions in other
    countries.
    Although the 36 developed countries had reduced their emissions, global emissions increased by 32 %
    from 1990 to 2010. The financial crisis of 2007-08 was one of the major contributors to the reduction in
    emissions.

    Key Facts about the Kyoto Protocol


    When and where was it adopted?
    It was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997.
    When did Kyoto Protocol come into force?
    Kyoto Protocol came into force on 16 February 2005.
    How many countries are signatories of the Kyoto Protocol?
    84 countries are signatories of the Kyoto Protocol.
    How many countries are parties of the Kyoto Protocol?
    192 countries are parties of the Kyoto Protocol.
    Which are the countries that are not parties of the Kyoto Protocol?
    1. Canada
    2. Andorra
    3. The United States of America
    4. South Sudan

    Details of the Kyoto Protocol for UPSC

    1. It is legally binding
    2. Only members of UNFCCC can become parties to the Kyoto Protocol.
    3. Kyoto Protocol was adopted at the 3rd session of UNFCCC
    4. To meet the targets of the Kyoto Protocol, member countries cannot include international shipping and
    international aviation
    5. Countries can use Land Use (LU), land-use change (LUC), and Forestry to meet their Kyoto targets.

    What is the Conference of Parties (COP)?


    The Official meeting of all countries associated with the Kyoto Protocol is called the Conference of
    Parties (COP).
    India at the Kyoto Protocol

    1. India was exempted from legally binding commitments on greenhouse gas emissions.
    2. India emphasized on the differentiation between developed and developing nations concerning the burden
    of responsibility for climate action.
    3. India successfully defended its obligation on socio-economic development while concurrently forcing
    developed countries of the Annex I category to take more responsibilities on curtailing greenhouse gas
    emissions.

    What is the Doha Amendment to Kyoto Protocol?


    After the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol ended, an amendment i.e. changes was carried
    out to the Kyoto Protocol. This amendment talks about emission reduction targets for the second
    commitment period. The 2nd commitment period ranges from 2012-2020.
    Read the facts related to the Doha Amendment for IAS Exam in the table below:

    As per Doha Amendments how many countries 37 countries have binding targets
    have binding targets?

    Which country withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol Canada withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012
    in 2012?

    How many countries have accepted the Doha 135 states have accepted the Doha Amendment
    Amendment?

    How many countries have to accept the Doha 144 states have to accept for the Doha Amendment
    Amendment to enter into force? for Kyoto Protocol to enter into force
    How many countries with binding commitments There are 37 countries with binding targets and only
    have ratified the Doha Amendment? 7 countries have ratified it

    India and the Doha Amendment


    1. India has ratified the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol i.e. meet the emission targets for
    the time period 2012-2020.
    2. India was the 80th country to accept the amendment.

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