Laguna State Polytechnic University: Republic of The Philippines Province of Laguna

Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University

ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited
ICT
10
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology
Province of Laguna
ISO 9001: 2015 Certified

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
This module is for educational purpose only. Under

Sec. 185 of RA 8293, which states, "The Fair use of
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The unauthorized reproduction, use, and
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appropriate administrative sanctions, civil, and criminal.

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LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)

Course ICT Integrated Software Application
Sem/AY First Semester/2020-2021
Module No. 1
Lesson Title Introduction to ICT and Computer Ethics
Week
2-3
Duration
Date
This lesson will discuss an overview on ICT, data and information, evolution of
Description computers, Advantages and Disadvantages of using a Computer and Computer Ethics.
of the This lesson will also provide activities and exercises that will practice the students’
Lesson competence on ICT through their profession.
Learning Outcomes
Intended Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcomes:
Learning  Demonstrate understanding on ICT
Outcomes  Identify the usage of computing on different fields
 Explain the significance of computing in their profession
Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Objectives  Recognize Information Technology as a tool for the industry
 enumerate the history and evolution of computer
 discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using computers
 select instructional materials
Student Learning Strategies
Online Activities A. Online Discussion via Google Meet

(Synchronous/ You will be directed to attend in a Four-Hour class discussion on the
Introduction to ICT and Computer Ethics. To have access to the Online
Asynchronous) Discussion, refer to this link: ____________________.
The online discussion will happen on October 11 and 15, 2021, from
7:00-9:00AM.

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(For further instructions, refer to your Google Classroom and see the
schedule of activities for this module)
B. Learning Guide Questions:

1. What is ICT?
2. How Computers evolve?
3. How Data becomes information?
Note: The insight that you will post on online discussion forum using Learning Management
System (LMS) will receive additional scores in class participation.
Offline Activities
(e-Learning/Self- Lecture Guide
Information and Communications Technology
Paced) Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for information
technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of
telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) and computers, as well as necessary
enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audiovisual systems, that enable users to access,
store, transmit, and manipulate information.
The term ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of audiovisual and telephone networks
with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic
incentives to merge the telephone network with the computer network system using a single
unified system of cabling, signal distribution, and management. ICT is an umbrella term that
includes any communication device, encompassing radio, television, cell phones, computer and
network hardware, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and appliance
with them such as video conferencing and distance learning.
ICT is a broad subject and the concepts are evolving. It covers any product that will store,
retrieve, manipulate, transmit, or receive information electronically in a digital form (e.g.,
personal computers, digital television, email, or robots). Skills Framework for the Information
Age is one of many models for describing and managing competencies for ICT professionals for
the 21st century.
What is Information?
Information refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study or research.
The tools to transmit information are the telephone, television and radio.
We need information to make decisions and to predict the future.
For example, scientists can detect the formation of a tsunami using the latest technology and
warn the public to avoid disasters in the affected areas.
Information is knowledge and helps us to fulfill our daily tasks. For example, forecasting the
stock exchange market.
What is Communication?
Communication is an act of transmitting messages. It is a process whereby information is
exchanged between individuals using symbols, signs or verbal interactions.
Previously, people communicated through sign or symbols, performing drama and poetry.
With the advent of technology, these ‘older’ forms of communication are less utilized as
compared to the use of the internet, e-mail or video conferencing.

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What is Technology?
Is the use of scientific knowledge, experience and resources to create processes and product
that fulfil human needs?
Aiding Communication - telephone and fax machines are the devices used in extending
communication.
Spreading Information – To broadcast information such as news or weather reports effectively.
Radio, television, satellites and the World Wide Web (www) are powerful tools that can be
used.
Data and Information

Data and information are interconnected. Data is a collection of raw particulars and statistics.
The meaningful, ordered and processed form of data is called information. Each student’s test
score is an example of data while. The average score of a class or school is an example of
information.
Data is a collection of raw particulars and statistics that have not yet been processed to get
their accurate meaning.
Information is meaningful, ordered and processed form of data. It is extra important than data
because decisions are made by using it.
Figure 1: Data Processing Cycle
Computer- is an electronic device that accepts information and instructions, process the
information, displays the information in some way, and stores the information for retrieval
later.
Charles Babbage (1791-1871), computer pioneer, designed the first automatic computing
engines. He invented computers but failed to build them. The first complete Babbage Engine
was completed in London in 2002, 153 years after it was designed.
Charles Babbage is credited with having conceived the first automatic digital computer. During
the mid-1830s Babbage developed plans for the Analytical Engine. Although it was never
completed, the Analytical Engine would have had most of the basic elements of the present-day
computer.
Figure 2: The Analytical Engine incorporated an

arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of
conditional branching and loops, and integrated
memory, making it the first design for a general-
purpose computer that could be described in
modern terms as Turing-complete.

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Evolutions of Computer
Computers are such an integral part of our everyday life now most people take them and what
they have added to life totally for granted.
Even more so the generation who have grown from infancy within the global desktop and
laptop revolution since the 1980s.
The history of the computer goes back several decades however and there are five definable
generations of computers.
Each generation is defined by a significant technological development that changes

fundamentally how computers operate – leading to more compact, less expensive, but more
powerful, efficient and robust machines.
1940 – 1956: First Generation – Vacuum Tubes
These early computers used vacuum tubes as circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. As a
result they were enormous, literally taking up entire rooms and costing a fortune to run. These
were inefficient materials which generated a lot of heat, sucked huge electricity and
subsequently generated a lot of heat which caused ongoing breakdowns.
These first generation computers relied on ‘machine language’ (which is the most basic
programming language that can be understood by computers). These computers were limited
to solving one problem at a time. Input was based on punched cards and paper tape. Output
came out on print-outs. The two notable machines of this era were the UNIVAC and ENIAC
machines – the UNIVAC is the first every commercial computer which was purchased in 1951
by a business – the US Census Bureau.
1956 – 1963: Second Generation – Transistors
The replacement of vacuum tubes by transistors saw the advent of the second generation of
computing. Although first invented in 1947, transistors weren’t used significantly in computers
until the end of the 1950s. They were a big improvement over the vacuum tube, despite still
subjecting computers to damaging levels of heat. However they were hugely superior to the
vacuum tubes, making computers smaller, faster, cheaper and less heavy on electricity use.
They still relied on punched card for input/printouts.
The language evolved from cryptic binary language to symbolic (‘assembly’) languages. This
meant programmers could create instructions in words. About the same time high level
programming languages were being developed (early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN).
Transistor-driven machines were the first computers to store instructions into their memories
– moving from magnetic drum to magnetic core ‘technology’. The early versions of these
machines were developed for the atomic energy industry.
1964 – 1971: Third Generation – Integrated Circuits
By this phase, transistors were now being miniaturised and put on silicon chips (called
semiconductors). This led to a massive increase in speed and efficiency of these machines.
These were the first computers where users interacted using keyboards and monitors which
interfaced with an operating system, a significant leap up from the punch cards and printouts.
This enabled these machines to run several applications at once using a central program which

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functioned to monitor memory.
As a result of these advances which again made machines cheaper and smaller, a new mass
market of users emerged during the ‘60s.
1972 – 2010: Fourth Generation – Microprocessors
This revolution can be summed in one word: Intel. The chip-maker developed the Intel 4004
chip in 1971, which positioned all computer components (CPU, memory, input/output
controls) onto a single chip. What filled a room in the 1940s now fit in the palm of the hand.
The Intel chip housed thousands of integrated circuits. The year 1981 saw the first ever
computer (IBM) specifically designed for home use and 1984 saw the MacIntosh introduced by
Apple. Microprocessors even moved beyond the realm of computers and into an increasing
number of everyday products.
The increased power of these small computers meant they could be linked, creating networks.
Which ultimately led to the development, birth and rapid evolution of the Internet. Other major
advances during this period have been the Graphical user interface (GUI), the mouse and more
recently the astounding advances in lap-top capability and hand-held devices.
2010- : Fifth Generation – Artificial Intelligence
Fifth generation- Artifical Intelligence Computer devices with artificial intelligence are still in
development, but some of these technologies are beginning to emerge and be used such as
voice recognition.
AI is a reality made possible by using parallel processing and superconductors. Leaning to the
future, computers will be radically transformed again by quantum computation, molecular and
nano technology.
The essence of fifth generation will be using these technologies to ultimately create machines
which can process and respond to natural language, and have capability to learn and organize
themselves.
Types of Computers
Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows, though there is
considerable overlap:
Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or

thousands of users simultaneously.
Supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of
instructions per second.
Minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds of users
simultaneously.
Personal computer: A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor.
Mainframe
Mainframe was a term originally referring to the cabinet containing the central processor unit
or "main frame" of a room-filling Stone Age batch machine. After the emergence of smaller
"minicomputer" designs in the early 1970s, the traditional big iron machines were described as
"mainframe computers" and eventually just as mainframes. Nowadays a Mainframe is a very
large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of users

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simultaneously. The chief difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that a
supercomputer channels all its power into executing a few programs as fast as possible,
whereas a mainframe uses its power to execute many programs concurrently. In some ways,
mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because they support more simultaneous
programs. But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe. The
distinction between small mainframes and minicomputers is vague, depending really on how
the manufacturer wants to market its machines.
Supercomputer
Supercomputer is a broad term for one of the fastest computers currently available.
Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require
immense amounts of mathematical calculations (number crunching). For example, weather
forecasting requires a supercomputer. Other uses of supercomputers scientific simulations,
(animated) graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, electronic design,
and analysis of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical prospecting). Perhaps the best known
supercomputer manufacturer is Cray Research.
Minicomputer
It is a midsize computer. In the past decade, the distinction between large minicomputers and
small mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction between small minicomputers
and workstations. But in general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of
supporting from up to 200 users simultaneously.
Figure 3: The HP 3000 series is a family

of minicomputers from Hewlett-Packard. It was designed to
be the first minicomputer with full support for time-
sharing in the hardware and the operating system, features
that had mostly been limited to mainframes to that point.
First introduced in 1972, the last models reached end-of-life
in 2010, making it among the longest-lived machines of its
generation.
Personal computer:
It can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. In
price, personal computers range anywhere from a few hundred pounds to over five thousand
pounds. All are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an
entire CPU on one chip. Businesses use personal computers for word processing, accounting,
desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet and database management applications. At
home, the most popular use for personal computers is for playing games and recently for
surfing the Internet.
Personal computers first appeared in the late 1970s. One of the first and most popular personal
computers was the Apple II, introduced in 1977 by Apple Computer. During the late 1970s and
early 1980s, new models and competing operating systems seemed to appear daily. Then, in
1981, IBM entered the fray with its first personal computer, known as the IBM PC. The IBM PC

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quickly became the personal computer of choice, and most other personal computer
manufacturers fell by the wayside. P.C. is short for personal computer or IBM PC. One of the
few companies to survive IBM's onslaught was Apple Computer, which remains a major player
in the personal computer marketplace. Other companies adjusted to IBM's dominance by
building IBM clones, computers that were internally almost the same as the IBM PC, but that
cost less. Because IBM clones used the same microprocessors as IBM PCs, they were capable of
running the same software. Over the years, IBM has lost much of its influence in directing the
evolution of PCs. Therefore, after the release of the first PC by IBM the term PC increasingly
came to mean IBM or IBM-compatible personal computers, to the exclusion of other types of
personal computers, such as Macintoshes. In recent years, the term PC has become more and
more difficult to pin down. In general, though, it applies to any personal computer based on an
Intel microprocessor, or on an Intel-compatible microprocessor. For nearly every other
component, including the operating system, there are several options, all of which fall under
the rubric of PC
Today, the world of personal computers is basically divided between Apple Macintoshes and
PCs. The principal characteristics of personal computers are that they are single-user systems
and are based on microprocessors. However, although personal computers are designed as
single-user systems, it is common to link them together to form a network. In terms of power,
there is great variety. At the high end, the distinction between personal computers and
workstations has faded. High-end models of the Macintosh and PC offer the same computing
power and graphics capability as low-end workstations by Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-
Packard, and DEC.
Advantages and Disadvantages of using a Computer

Advantages:
Multitasking
Multitasking is one of the major advantage of computer. Person can perform multiple task,
multiple operation, calculate numerical problems within few seconds. Computer can perform
trillion of instructions per second.
Speed
Now computer is not just a calculating device. Now a day’s computer has very important role in
human life. One of the main advantages of computer is its incredible speed, which helps human
to complete their task in few seconds. All the operations can be performed very fast just
because of its speed elsewise it takes a long time to perform the task.
Cost/ Stores huge amount of data

It is a low-cost solution. Person can save huge data within a low budget.
Centralized database of storing information is the major advantage that can reduce cost.
Accuracy
One of the root advantage of computer is that can perform not only calculations but also with
accuracy.
Data Security
Protecting digital data is known as data security. Computer provide security from destructive
forces and from unwanted action from unauthorized users like cyberattack or access attack.
Disadvantages:
Virus and hacking attacks

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Virus is a worm and hacking is simply an unauthorized access over computer for some illicit
purpose. Virus is being transferred from email attachment, viewing an infected website
advertisement, through removable device like USB etc. once virus is transferred in host
computer it can infect file, overwrite the file etc.
For example: Huge portion of internet was going down including Twitter, Netflix, Reddit and
CNN in October 2016 because the largest DDoS attack was launched on service provider DYN
using IoT Botnet.
Online Cyber Crimes

Online cyber-crime means computer and network may have used in order to commit crime.
Cyberstalking and Identity theft are the points which comes under online cyber-crimes. For
example: one may get the access of the access to your shopping account like amazon account
now that person will be able to know your personal details like debit card or credit card
number which can be than misused.
Reduction in employment opportunity

Mainly past generation was not used of the computer or they have the knowledge of computer
they faced a big problem when computer came in field. As we have seen in banking sector
senior bank employees faced this problem when computer came to the banking sector.
Above were the main disadvantage of computer, no IQ, Dependency, No feeling, Break down
are the basic disadvantages of computer.
Computer Ethics
Computer ethics is a part of practical philosophy concerned with how computing professionals
should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct. Margaret Anne Pierce, a
professor in the Department of Mathematics and Computers at Georgia Southern University
has categorized the ethical decisions related to computer technology and usage into three
primary influences:
Privacy Concerns:
Hacking – is unlawful intrusion into a computer or a network. A hacker can intrude through
the security levels of a computer system or network and can acquire unauthorised access to
other computers.
Malware – means malicious software which is created to impair a computer system. Common
malware are viruses, spyware, worms and trojan horses. A virus can delete files from a hard
drive while a spyware can collect data from a computer.
Data Protection – also known as information privacy or data privacy is the process of
safeguarding data which intends to influence a balance between individual privacy rights while
still authorising data to be used for business purposes.
Anonymity – is a way of keeping a user’s identity masked through various applications.
Intellectual Property Rights:
Copyright – is a form of intellectual property that gives proprietary publication, distribution

and usage rights for the author. This means that whatever idea the author created cannot be
employed or disseminated by anyone else without the permission of the author.
Plagiarism – is an act of copying and publishing another person’s work without proper
citation. It’s like stealing someone else’s work and releasing it as your own work.
Cracking – is a way of breaking into a system by getting past the security features of the
system. It’s a way of skipping the registration and authentication steps when installing a
software.
Software License – allows the use of digital material by following the license agreement.

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Ownership remains with the original copyright owner, users are just granted licenses to use
the material based on the agreement.
Effects on Society
Jobs – Some jobs have been abolished while some jobs have become simpler as computers
have taken over companies and businesses. Things can now be done in just one click whereas
before it takes multiple steps to perform a task. This change may be considered unethical as it
limits the skills of the employees.
There are also ethical concerns on health and safety of employees getting sick from constant
sitting, staring at computer screens and typing on the keyboard or clicking on the mouse.
Environmental Impact – Environment has been affected by computers and the internet since
so much time spent using computers increases energy usage which in turn increases the
emission of greenhouse gases.
There are ways where we can save energy like limiting computer time and turning off the
computer or putting on sleep mode when not in use. Buying energy efficient computers with
Energy Star label can also help save the environment.
Social Impact – Computers and the internet help people stay in touch with family and friends.
Social media has been very popular nowadays.
Computer gaming influenced society both positively and negatively. Positive effects are
improved hand-eye coordination, stress relief and improved strategic thinking. Negative
effects are addiction of gamers, isolation from the real world and exposure to violence.
Computer technology helps the government in improving services to its citizens. Advanced
database can hold huge data being collected and analysed by the government.
Computer technology aids businesses by automating processes, reports and analysis.

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Engaging Activities
A. Make a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast the effects of ICT for you
as an individual and also to the society.
B. Give five ICT technology. Think of an activity where you can use these
materials in your profession.
1.
2.
3.
4.

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Performance Tasks
PT 1
Directions: How can ICT integration in practice of Agriculture be significant? and explain why.
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PT 2
Directions: Search for a Trends of ICT usage in Agriculture and Extension. Give 3 technologies and
explain how it works and function.

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Understanding Directed Assessment
Reflection Paper General Instructions:

Throughout the semester, you will be asked to write reflections on every module. The format
of these reflections will be consistent throughout the semester; you will be asked to write a three
paragraph reflection with each paragraph answering one of the following questions:
What?
So what?
What now?
Let’s clarify the expectations for each of those paragraphs…

The What? paragraph is your opportunity to describe in clear and concise language what you did
during reading the material. This paragraph is your chance to practice writing in a form consistent
with a methods section for reflecting the learning material. This means that you should offer just
enough detail that the reader understands what you did without so much detail that the key points are
lost. If you keep the length of this paragraph to 3-4 sentences, you should be in the right zone.
The So what? paragraph moves from description to analysis. What did you learn from this module?
Why is it important? Why does it matter? This paragraph does not have a particular
format; it is really about your thoughts and assessment. Communicate your ideas clearly and,
where appropriate, use examples from the activity to support your ideas.
The What now? paragraph is your chance to think ahead. What did you learn from this activity that
might be useful for your future? How might you use the ideas or techniques discussed for your own
research? If you do not think the ideas or activities relate to your future modules, say that and explain
why.
For all three paragraphs, you are welcome to use either first- or third-person voice. Because these are
personal reflections, we would expect you to use first person, but if you are more comfortable writing
in the third person, that is acceptable as well.
You are expected to complete the reflection paper and then the remaining modules. In
other words, you get two free weeks during the semester. You can decide when you want to take them.

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Learning Resources
https://btob.co.nz/business-news/five-generations-computers/
https://teachcomputerscience.com/computer-
ethics/#:~:text=Computer%20ethics%20are%20a%20set,common%20issues%20of%20computer%20ethics.

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This module is for educational purpose only. Under

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)

Student Learning Strategies

Online Activities A. Online Discussion via Google Meet

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

B. Learning Guide Questions:

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

Data and Information

Figure 1: Data Processing Cycle

Figure 2: The Analytical Engine incorporated an

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

Each generation is defined by a significant technological development that changes

1940 – 1956: First Generation – Vacuum Tubes

1956 – 1963: Second Generation – Transistors

1964 – 1971: Third Generation – Integrated Circuits

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

1972 – 2010: Fourth Generation – Microprocessors

2010- : Fifth Generation – Artificial Intelligence

Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

Figure 3: The HP 3000 series is a family

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

Advantages and Disadvantages of using a Computer

Cost/ Stores huge amount of data

Virus and hacking attacks

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

Online Cyber Crimes

Reduction in employment opportunity

Intellectual Property Rights:

Copyright – is a form of intellectual property that gives proprietary publication, distribution

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

Understanding Directed Assessment

Reflection Paper General Instructions:

Let’s clarify the expectations for each of those paragraphs…

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: ICT with Agricultural Technology

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