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    Key Scanning With A Small Number of Connections: Summer Circuitscollection

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    Radun
    Elektor 2001

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Key Scanning With A Small Number of Connections: Summer Circuitscollection

    Uploaded by

    Radun
    7 views1 page
    Elektor 2001

    Original Title

    e017014

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Elektor 2001

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views1 page

    Key Scanning With A Small Number of Connections: Summer Circuitscollection

    Uploaded by

    Radun
    Elektor 2001

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    SUMMER CIRCUITSCOLLECTION

    a 3.5 mm drill-bit and a piece of paper. (1 Vpp open circuit) should be large enough to be accepted
    In order to keep the input impedance linear and constant at the logic input. A third method could be a combination
    within an as wide as possible bandwidth, the 75 Ω termi- of the previous two. With a winding ratio of 1:5 the quality
    nating resistor has a 270 nF capacitor connected in series. of the signal (especially the bandwidth) will be much better
    At the secondary is a clamping circuit (C2 and Schottky and could give a better performance when used with the
    diode D1), which gives the correct DC offset to the AC sig- potential divider.
    nal. The screenshot of the oscilloscope shows the output The aim was to keep this circuit completely passive,
    signal. This was taken at a sampling frequency of 48 kHz. avoiding the need for an external power supply. This has in
    It is clear that this is the limit at which this circuit can be fact been achieved, albeit with a limited performance. No
    used, at 96 kHz the logic ‘1’ level will become too small. doubt a different core material and a larger core should
    A second possible method would be to have a potential give better results. The converter still has plenty of scope for
    divider between 5 V and earth, set to be exactly in the mid- home experimentation!
    dle of the two logic levels. An AC-coupled S/PDIF signal (014123)

    Key Scanning with


    a Small Number of Connections 014
    If a large number of keys have to be scanned, the individual
    keys are not normally connected directly to the microcon-
    P0
    troller. Instead, a matrix arrangement is used. This allows µC P1
    µC P0
    A

    the number of port pins to be reduced to seven for twelve P2 B


    P1
    keys, for example. The software scans the rows and P3

    columns and thus determines which key is pressed. How- P4 P2


    C

    ever, sometimes only a small microcontroller with just a few P5


    D
    port pins is available, so even this economical matrix P6
    P3

    method cannot be used.


    Using a trick, the same problem can be solved using only
    four port pins. This requires the use of four extra diodes 014090 - 11

    and the possibility of individually configuring the pins as


    either inputs or outputs via software. Four column lines (1-
    4) are arranged in a matrix with the four row lines (A-D) that remaining port pins, which are configured as inputs.
    are connected to the microcontroller, with each row line Thanks to the diodes, a voltage will be detected on only
    connected to a column line by a diode (1N4148). The soft- one of the inputs, depending on which key is pressed, and
    ware can recognise a pressed a key by applying a voltage the software can assign the appropriate action to this event.
    to each row in turn while observing the states of the (014090-1)

    Step-Up/Step-Down
    Switching Regulator 015
    If you wish to convert a range of possible input voltages which can take in an input voltage between +1.6 V and
    into an output voltage that lies somewhere in the middle of +5.5 V and generate an output between +2.5 V and +5.5 V.
    that range, a regulator that can automatically switch It is based around a switched capacitor (C2).
    between step-up and step-down modes is required. Such A further special feature of the MAX1759 is the automatic
    a device is the MAX1759 from Maxim (www.maxim-ic.com), detection of the potential divider R3/R4. This allows it to

    30 Elektor Electronics 7-8/2001

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