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    BALDONADO, LESLEY JOY - Activity On Aldehydes and Ketones

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    Lesley Joy T. Baldonado
    The document describes 7 chemical tests to identify the presence of aldehydes and ketones in organic compounds. The tests include reactions with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, sodium bisulfite, Schiff's reagent, Fehling's solution, Tollens' reagent, chromic acid, and sodium nitroprusside. Each test produces a characteristic color change or precipitate that can indicate the presence of an aldehyde or ketone functional group. The results and chemical equations for each reaction are described.

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    BALDONADO, LESLEY JOY - Activity On Aldehydes and Ketones

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    Lesley Joy T. Baldonado
    35 views3 pages
    The document describes 7 chemical tests to identify the presence of aldehydes and ketones in organic compounds. The tests include reactions with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, sodium bisulfite, Schiff's reagent, Fehling's solution, Tollens' reagent, chromic acid, and sodium nitroprusside. Each test produces a characteristic color change or precipitate that can indicate the presence of an aldehyde or ketone functional group. The results and chemical equations for each reaction are described.

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    BALDONADO,LESLEY JOY- Activity on Aldehydes and Ketones

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    The document describes 7 chemical tests to identify the presence of aldehydes and ketones in organic compounds. The tests include reactions with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, sodium bisulfite, Schiff's reagent, Fehling's solution, Tollens' reagent, chromic acid, and sodium nitroprusside. Each test produces a characteristic color change or precipitate that can indicate the presence of an aldehyde or ketone functional group. The results and chemical equations for each reaction are described.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views3 pages

    BALDONADO, LESLEY JOY - Activity On Aldehydes and Ketones

    Uploaded by

    Lesley Joy T. Baldonado
    The document describes 7 chemical tests to identify the presence of aldehydes and ketones in organic compounds. The tests include reactions with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, sodium bisulfite, Schiff's reagent, Fehling's solution, Tollens' reagent, chromic acid, and sodium nitroprusside. Each test produces a characteristic color change or precipitate that can indicate the presence of an aldehyde or ketone functional group. The results and chemical equations for each reaction are described.

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    Name: Baldonado,Lesley Joy T.

    Date Submitted: January 21, 2022

    ACTIVITY ON ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

    Objective:
     To identify the presence of aldehydes or ketones functional group in the
    given organic compound.

    Results and Discussions for the following tests:

    1. 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine test

    Positive result:
    Aldehydes and ketones react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine give a
    yellow to orange precipitate.

    Indication:
    formation of orange-yellow crystals indicates the presence of carbonyl group

    The chemical equation for the reaction:

    2. Sodium bisulfite test

    Positive result:
    Aldehydes and ketones combine with sodium bisulfite to form well-
    crystallized water-soluble products known as “aldehyde bisulfite” and “ketone
    bisulfite”.

    Indication: formation of crystalline precipitate confirms carbonyl group


    The chemical equation for the reaction:

    3. Schiff’s test

    Positive result:
    Schiff’s reagent gives characteristic pink or magenta color with aldehyde.

    Indication:
    appearance of pink or magenta colour indicates the presence of aldehyde group

    The chemical equation for the reaction: None

    4. Fehling’s test

    Positive result:
    When aldehyde compound is treated with Fehling’s solution Cu2+ is
    reduced to Cu+ and the aldehyde is reduced to acids. During the reaction, a red
    precipitate is formed.

    Indication: appearance of red precipitate confirms the presence of aldehyde group

    The chemical equation for the reaction:

    5. Tollen’s test

    Positive result:
    Silver nitrate reacts with sodium hydroxide to form brown precipitate of
    silver oxide which is dissolved in ammonium hydroxide. In the presence of
    aldehydes, the silver ions in the test reagent are reduced to elemental silver and
    accumulate are reduced to elemental silver and accumulate on the inner surface of
    the reaction vessel, producing a silver mirror effect on the inner surface of the
    vessel.
    Indication: appearance of shiny silver mirror confirms the presence of aldehydes

    The chemical equation for the reaction:

     RCHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH → R-COONH4 + 3NH3 + H2O + 2Ag↓

    6. Test with chromic acid

    Positive result:

    Aldehydes react with chromic acid gives a green to blue precipitate.


    Ketones do not react with chromic acid.

    Indication:
    appearance of green or blue colour precipitate confirms the presence of aldehydes

    The chemical equation for the reaction:

    R-CHO + 2CrO3 + 3H2SO4 → 3R-C(O)-OH + 3H2O + Cr2(SO4)3(green colour)

    7. Sodium nitroprusside test

    Positive result:

    Ketone responds to this test. Ketone reacts with alkali forms an anion further
    it reacts with sodium nitroprusside forms a coloured complex ion. Aldehydes do
    not respond to this test.

    Indication: appearance of red colouration shows the presence of ketone

    The chemical equation for the reaction:

    CH3COCH3 + OH–→ CH3COCH2– + H2O


    [Fe(CN)5NO]2- + CH3COCH2– → [Fe(CN)5NO.CH3COCH2]3-

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