01 - Capstone B+ Cap Submission - Paras Chauhan

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Abstract
By 2050, Indian cities would have 900 mn more residents. The increasing speed of
urbanisation caused by rural–urban migration is putting a strain on these cities'
urban infrastructure. As the country's urban growth progresses, a rising source of
worry for India's urban planners is the country's vast urban housing deficit. In 2012,
the shortfall was predicted to be 18.78 million families in the EWS and LIG groups.
In order to achieve the desired goal of affordable housing, new interventions and
methodologies must be used. To satisfy the requirements and improve the housing
scarcity situation in our nation, rapid and fast-paced building with an economically
effective choice should be used.
GFRG is a cost-effective and environmentally benign material, and utilising it to build

mass affordable housing on a large scale will undoubtedly speed up the production
and delivery of mass housing units. Furthermore, The material has been approved as
a green construction material by the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Keywords : Affordable housing, urbanisation, rural urban migration, GFRG, Rapid

construction, cost effective
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1. Research Background
1.1 Introduction
Despite being one of the world's largest countries and having one of the world's
largest populations, India still lags in many areas. Over the last few decades, India
has seen increased urbanization and inward rural to urban migration, resulting into a
significant shift in the demographic profile of the urban areas.
Figure 1 Mumbai dharavi Slum
India's development is on the rise. Rapid growth entails a faster pace of urbanization,
which necessitates the trend of migration. This is fueled by the advantages that cities
have over rural regions, such as a greater variety of economic options, improved
social indices such as health and education, and access to essential amenities.
India's population is estimated to be over 1.4 billion people, and it is rapidly growing.
Because land is in short supply and demand for their housing and other
requirements is growing.
GFRG Panel is a revolutionary construction technique for mass-scale housing that is

both cost-effective and environmentally beneficial. It was invented in Australia in the
early 1990s and has since spread to China, India, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and other
countries. GFRG technology has been found to be most suited for application in low-
income housing developments. The main advantage of employing this technique is
the speed with which it can be built due to the usage of prefabricated wall and slab
panels.
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1.2 Evidences
1.2.1 Rapid Urbanisation
To accommodate the expanding urban population, India would most certainly

require an extra 25 million affordable housing units by 2030, says a report by RICS
and Knight Frank. (RICS , 2019)
By 2050, 900 million people will be added to Indian cities, says Urban Infrastructure
in India, FICCI, October 2011
It is heartening to note that the government is set to achieve the target 10 million by
2022, which is an unparalleled achievement globally. Going by the rate of
urbanisation, this requirement will grow two and a half times to 25 million urban
affordable houses. says Nimish Gupta FRICS, managing director, south Asia – RICS.
(RICS , 2019)
1.2.2 Housing Shortage
The rapidly rising density of metropolitan areas has resulted in an increase in the
number of individuals living in squatter settlements and slums. Rising land and real
estate costs in metropolitan regions have compelled the impoverished and
economically disadvantaged segments of society to occupy marginal lands
characterised by substandard housing stock, congestion, and obsolescence. A
significant housing crisis is looming in urban India, and there is a significant
imbalance between demand and supply of housing, both in number and quality.
Figure 2 State level cumulative houses completed Source : FICCI
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Figure 3 Housing shortage data Source : FICCI
According to a study provided to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty

Alleviation (MHUPA) by a technical committee, India's urban housing shortfall was
projected to be about 18.78 million families in 2012. 9 Aside from individuals who
live in dilapidated housing, 80 percent of these households live in overcrowded
housing and need new housing. According to the study, nearly 1 million households
live in non-functional katcha houses, while more than half a million are homeless.
Figure 4 Urban Housing shortage

Source : Report of Technical Group (TG-12) on Estimation of Urban Housing Shortage 2012, Ministry of
Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation
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2. Research Methodology
2.1 Onion Diagram
Figure 5 Onion Diagram
Figure 6 Onion Diagram
1. Pragmatism Philosophy : It refers to the set of principles governing the viewpoint or

viewpoint on which the study is based. It is based on the concept that within the
study, both positivist and interpretivist views can be used, depending on which
works best for the specific research topic
2. Inductive approach to theory development : Inductive reasoning is a type of
method of developing theories which begins from a specific observation and further
progresses to the formulation of a one general rule.
3. Case Study Strategy: Case study-based research will be conducted to reach the
research target.
4. Multimethod: Use of both qualitative & quantitative methods.
2.2 Research Phrase Identification

The Process was intended to identify the possible research phrases, which will further
scrutinize the process & streamline the research.
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Figure 7 Process of Research phrase identification
Research phrase identification will give a direction literature research. Relevant

research papers can be identified and further data collection process can become
more seamless and efficient.
Figure 8 Search Engines
Figure 9 Identified Research Phrases
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3. Research Objective
The purpose of this research is to review and analyse the prospects of employing
GFRG based technology for the development of Affordable housing through
performance parameters. To achieve this aim, the following are the objectives:
• To study the GFRG based technology for developing Affordable housing
• To study different factors like Sustainability, Acceptability of GFRG based

technology for affordable housing.
• To study the challenges in implementing the technology at wide scale.
• To evaluate the benefits and drawbacks (limitations) of the GFRG based

technology.
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4. Literature Review
There has been a significant amount of study on the usage of GFRG with affordable
housing in the Indian context. This literature study reviews the available literature on
GFRG and affordable housing.
4.1 Affordable Housing & its present condition in India
As per the Statistics & reports from KPMG,JLL & other renowned organizations, only
a few percentages of Affordable housing projects are able to complete & out of
which only few projects get delivered to the public. A huge gap in terms of
Technology, resources, policies can be observed.
Figure 10 Statewise housing shortage in 2012 Source : KPMG
As noted & shown in the above statistics by KPMG’s report, it is clear that the
current Affordable Housing situation is not at all positive. As per the statistics there
is a total 76% of the urban housing shortage. For these shortages there are multiple
reasons but one of the most important reason is the lack of rapid construction
technology. To have a smooth supply of affordable housing units, it is very crucial to
have a robust rapid construction system which will not only enables the govt. to
reach the target goal but will also contribute in enhancing the overall resource
efficiency.
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“It's well known that in India there's a housing deficit which is more than 30 million
housing units,” says Daniele Russolillo, Planet Smart City's chief operating officer and
deputy chief executive. “The demand for affordable housing is absolutely huge."
Figure 11 PMAY Sanctioned vs Released Funds
The entire funds sanctioned by the Government for PMAY-U as of January 2020
equal to Rs. 1.63 lakh crore. However, just Rs. 0.64 lakh crore (39 %) has been issued
thus far, with only Rs. 0.28 lakh crore coming from budgeted allocations. Despite
yearly variations owing to different development levels, the actual budgetary
amounts deployed have been near to the budgeted sums set aside on a cumulative
basis.
4.2 Need of Sustainable, rapid & fast track construction
Shinto Paul (2017) stated that the usage of Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG)
panels in the building construction industry is a very promising and evolving
construction technology. Great housing shortages in nations such as India
necessitate innovative solutions that are not only sustainable, economical, and high
quality, but also allow for quick development.
When compared to traditional structures, GFRG buildings may totally eliminate

cement plastering and use far less steel, cement sand, and water. GFRG buildings use
significantly less embodied energy (have a lower carbon footprint) and recycle
industrial waste gypsum, both of which contribute to long-term growth.
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GFRG panels may be utilized successfully for a building's complete superstructure,
including all walls, slabs, staircases, parapets, and so on. This construction system
offers several benefits over traditional structures. GFRG structures have the ability to
address the issue of supplying inexpensive mass housing quickly.
This is an environmentally beneficial and sustainable building method that uses

recycled industrial waste gypsum or natural gypsum while minimising the need of
cement, steel, sand, water, and labour. This technique is gaining traction in India and
other Asian nations.
Authors Year Paper Title Success Criteria Identified Critique
Mohamed 2016 Cost Model for - GFRG uses & its - Comparative
Said Using Glass Fibre definitions, installation analysis of cost
Mesethy Reinforced process with other regions
Gypsum system would have been
- Cost Analysis of GFRF
(GFRG) (Elsaee, helpful
2016) based construction
- A cumulative
- Analysis based on analysis of Direct
various technical tools cost for GFRG
involved in the process
- Environmental
- GFRG Panels & aspects could
Accessories have been
- Labour cost analysis addressed
- Techniques to
reduce the cost
with same
performance
should have been
added
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Philip 2020 Comparative - Highlights on world’s - Meaningful

Cherian, study of energy consumption analysis with a
Sivakumar embodied descriptive
- Embodied energy
Palaniappan, energy of quantitative &
Devdas affordable involved in the process qualitative data
Menon, A. houses - Infrastructure
Meher made using - Comparison
requirements of GFRG
Prasad GFRG and
conventional - Government Initiatives technology with
building non-conventional
- Assess the sustainability materials should
technologies
indicators of GFRG have been added
in India
(Philip - Comparative Analysis
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Cherian,
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between Conventional Brick

2020)
masonry & GFRG buildings

Dwcsddddddddd dwcsddddddddd dwcsddddddddd
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performance Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
- Embodied energy Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
classification Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
- Maintainability iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
- Energy efficiency Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
- Technical analysis of Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
Materials with various Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
factors Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
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Authors Year Paper Success Criteria Identified Critique
Title
Sk. Subhan 2016 Low Cost - Low Cost Housing - Case study
Alisha, Sajja. Housing Importance based knowledge
Neeraja, Sk. by Using with region was
Akber, G. Sai GFRG - Identified the need of categorization
Manoj Panels Low cost houses would have
(Sk. - Laid emphasis on provided a much
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh
Subhan planning part larger view
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda
Alisha,
iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
2016) - Building plans & layouts - Issues related to

social &
- Recycling of Materials economical should
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda have been
- Techniques to Reduce
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda incorporated to
Cost of From Area
highlight the
barriers towards

- Use of the GFRG Panels &
GFRG panel usage
limitation
in Low cost

- Advantages over the housing.
Conventional RCC Concrete

iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh - Construction procedure
of a GFRG panel
- Environmental
performance


- Embodied energy
classification
- Maintainability
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Shinto Paul, 2017 Sustainable, - Advantage of GFRG - Advantages

Devdas rapid and Technology could have been
Menon, affordable categorized in
- Detailed Design system
Meher mass various sub
Prasad, P housing - Technical & Mechanical heads
Gopinathan using Specifications of GFRG
‘GFRG’ - Examples of
dhahidhda adhidaadh
panels - Application & Advantages Affordable mass

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
(Shinto housing should

- Design & Construction of have been
adhidaadh Paul, 2016)
GFRG Buildings and its various explained in
elements detailed
adhidaadh

adhidaadh iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
- GFRG in Asian Countries Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhidaadh
and the usage varying from Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhidaadh
Residential to institutional

buildings.
adhidaadh

- Environmental Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhidaadh

performance Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd

adhidaadh Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd

- Reduced life-cycle cost Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhidaadh
adhidaadh
- Maintainability iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
- Energy efficiency
adhidaadh

adhidaadh
- Design & construction of Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhidaadh various building components Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd

such as walls, staircase, roof Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhidaadh iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

slab etc. Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhidaadh
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FICCI 2020 Overview of - Present scenario of - Comparative

dhahidhda adhidaadh
Affordable Affordable housing in India analysis over
housing in different time
- - Initiatives to encourage
adhidaadh
India periods is
the building of high-quality missing
adhidaadh

affordable homes.
- Gives an
adhidaadh

- Technological Innovations overall overview
adhidaadh

adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda - Reasons behind Increasing of Indian
adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda migration to Urban Cities affordable
adhidaadh
housing
adhidaadh
- Supply & demand side iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

interventions Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd

adhidaadh

- Government assistance Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhidaadh

provided to beneficiaries
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhidaadh

- Comparison of Traditional Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhidaadh

& modern ways of Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd

adhidaadh
construction. Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
- Pan India update on

adhidaadh
Affordable housing target

adhidaadh

adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhidaadh
- % Completion of state iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhidaadh
level cumulative houses iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
- Overview of key ICRA- Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
rated developers in the Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
affordable segment (FICCI, Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
202)
Pacha Kalyani, 2019 Building - Structural performance - Case study

A. Systems from other parts
Ramakrishnaiah using GFRG - Comparison between of the country
conventional building should have
iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
adhidaadh
system and GFRG building

Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi
been added to
daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda
dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
system have a better
- Comparison based on analysis of

energy, cost, finishes, building system

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recyclability, speed of performance.
construction etc.
- Provides
- Mechanical properties overarching

of GFRG panels & their view of building
efficiency if used in building systems using

system GFRG panels

and about the

dahaidhadh
- Example of building at performance.

IIT madras campus to
demonstrate the usage of
technology to mass
affordable housing units
S.Ragav 2021 Review - Construction guidelines - Ways to

dhahidhda adhidaadh
Study on formulated by FACT-RCF control the
Glass Fibre building products Ltd (FRBL) disadvantages
adhidaadh
Reinforced could have been

- Detailed analysis on
adhidaadh Gypsum mentioned
Panels manufacturing process
- Overall, a
adhidaadh
(S.Ragav, - Design & construction great study

2021)
adhidaadh

manual with reference to mentioning
adhidaadh iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda
dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh seismic areas & load bearing various aspect of
adhidaadh
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
structures GFRG building
dhahidhda adhidaadh

adhidaadh
- Introduction of steel bars panels.
dhahidhda adhidaadh

adhidaadh
& concrete to make load Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
dhahidhda adhidaadh

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
bearing panels Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
adhidaadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd

- Details about making Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhidaadh
partition walls
dhahidhda adhidaadh
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhidaadh adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh
- Use of GFRG panels can

help in increasing space

dhahidhda adhidaadh

utilisation
dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
GFRG panel is five times stronger

dhahidhda adhidaadh

dhahidhda adhidaadh
than convention building system Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd

hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
(S.Ragav, 2021)
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh
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dhahidhda adhidaadh Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd

- GFRG Lifespan as 80 years iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
dhahidhda adhidaadh
& conventional building life iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh
span as 50 years iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

dhahidhda adhidaadh
- GFRG, an effective option Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd

dhahidhda adhidaadh
for earthquake proof structure
V.M. Mujeeb, 2017 Case Study - There is a pressing need - This study
R. on Glass for low-cost mass-affordable focuses on the
Udhayasakthi Fibre housing on a large scale. effective cost of
Reinforced GFRG and
- -As an alternative, use
dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu

Gypsum excludes the
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Panel in alkali-resistant macro glass indirect cost of

fibres as concrete
mass house the system.

economies reinforcement in structural
(V. M. parts. - A proper risk
Mujeeb, analysis should

- Distribution of fibre,
be conducted

2017) orientation, and effectiveness
which will help

iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda
dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh of bonding in setting

dhahidhda adhidaadh
- Thinner sections are also guidelines

made possible by the low before
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
water cement ratio of the implementing
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
the GFRG
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh

material
system.
ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda
dhahidhda adhidaadh

ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda
- Advantages &
dhahidhda adhidaadh
Disadvantages of technology - Quality


dhahidhda adhidaadh mentioned methods for on-

site installation
inspection of
dhahidhda adhidaadh
GFRG systems
dhahidhda adhidaadh

should have
dhahidhda adhidaadh

been included. f

siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii
hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda
dhahidhda adhidaadh
adhidaadh

dhahidhda adhidaadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh

adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd
dhahidhda adhidaadh iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
dhahidhda adhidaadh

18 |
adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda ad
dhahidhda adhidaadh

dhahidhda adhidaadh
Renita 2019 Housing - Policymakers in India do - Case study

D’Souza Poverty in not have a thorough review from other parts
dhahidhda adhidaadh
Urban India: to have a basic knowledge of the country
The Failures of the issue of housing should have
adhidaadh
of Past and poverty. been added to

adhidaadh Current have a better
Strategies and - Definitions & analysis of
dimensions of Housing
adhidaadh
the Need for a building system

poverty
New Blueprint performance.

adhidaadh
(D’SOUZA,
adhidaadh
- Urban housing schemes - Provides
2019) in India
adhidaadh
overarching view
adhidaadh - Support to the planned of building
hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda urbanization programmes systems using
adhidaadh
GFRG panels and

adhidaadh
- Transit shelter for about the
temporary & seasonal performance.
migrants
- Customer tailoring
affordability
- Fixing the weakness of

the affordable housing
ecosystem
- Accessing philanthropic
resources
5. Research Gap
Based on a comprehensive study of the literature review conducted for this
research, several gaps were discovered that can be filled by first identifying them
and researching them under this research project.
19 |
• Research to identify the critical challenges in the adoption of GFRG based
technology has not been carried out till now.
• One of the most significant key findings from these studies is that studies are
not focusing on formulating a standard for quality inspection.
• Most of the studies & experiments are done only in one particular region of
our country.
• Another key finding is that there are no major studies have been done on
social acceptance of GFRG based technology in mass affordable housing.
6. Research Question
• What are the Critical challenges in the adoption of emerging technologies
such as Glass Fibre Reinforced gypsum (GFRG)?
• What are the different factors which can promote GFRG based technology for
affordable housing?
adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdah aiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda ad hda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiad hdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhida adh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda ad hda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda i adhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaad h
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda a dhidaadh
20 |
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhd a adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
7. References
• Aishwary Shukla, M. A. K. A. K., 2016. A Review of Research on Building System Using

Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum panels. International Research Journal of Engineering
and Technology (IRJET), 3(2), p. 8.
• BMTPC, 2014. Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG) Panel , Delhi: BMTPC.
• D’SOUZA, R., 2019. Housing Poverty in Urban India: The Failures of Past and Current
Strategies and the Need for a New Blueprint. Observer Research Foundation, 20
March.
• Elsaee, M. S. M., 2016. COST MODEL FOR USING GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED GYPSUM
SYSTEM. International Journal of Development and Economic Sustainability, 4(3), pp.
33-47.
• FICCI, 202. ficci.in. [Online]

Available at: https://ficci.in/spdocument/23169/Affordable-Housing-Report-Spread-
View.pdf
[Accessed 5 November 2021].
• ICRA, 2020. AFFORDABLE HOUSING, Bangalore: FICCI.
• KPMG , 2020. REAL ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION, Mumbai: NAREDCO.
• Kuldeep Kumar, D. N., 2020. Critical Review of use of Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum
(GFRG). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY, 9(2
(February 2020)), p. 14.
• PACHA KALYANI, A. R., 2019. Building Systems using GFRG Panels. IJATIR, 11(4), pp.
230-234.
• Philip Cherian, S. P. D. M. A. M. P., 2020. Comparative study of embodied energy of

affordable houses made. Energy & Buildings, 214(0378-7788), p. 79.
• R.R.Sorate, A. D. A. M. M. N. N. D. V. T., 2014. Slum Rehabilitation with Fast Track

Techniques. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), 11(3), pp.
27-32.
• RICS , 2019. Brick by Brick moving towards 'Housing for all', Mumbai: RICS, Knight
Frank.
21 |
• S.Ragav, 2021. Review Study on Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG) Panels,
Singapore: Springer.
• Shinto Paul, D. M. A. M. P. P., 2016. SUSTAINABLE, RAPID AND AFFORDABLE MASS

HOUSING USING GFRG PANELS. 23 May, p. 5.
• Simon Thomas, A. P., 2018. Affordable Housing : The Indian perspective & future
outlook , Building change & sustainable communities, Gurgaon: JLL.
• Singh, M. V., 2021. Sr. Manager-HR [Interview] (09 Aug 2021).
• Sk. Subhan Alisha, S. N. S. A. G. S. M., 2016. Low Cost Housing by Using GFRG Panels.
IJSRSET, 2(3), p. 8.
• V. M. Mujeeb, R. U., 2017. Case Study on Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panel in.
The Asian Review of Civil Engineering, 6(2), p. 5.
• Virendra Joshi, A. B. C. V. N., 2019. AFFORDABLE HOUSING, Mumbai: CII.
adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhia dhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdaha iha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaih a dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iad hiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhi adhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
22 |
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adh da iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhi daadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhd a adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiad hda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh
Shhssfsf siisddhsds sdhhdhd haiaiia hfhshsihs iahhdihaidhda hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda ad hda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh
23 |

01 - Capstone B+ Cap Submission - Paras Chauhan

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1|

GFRG is a cost-effective and environmentally benign material, and utilising it to build

Keywords : Affordable housing, urbanisation, rural urban migration, GFRG, Rapid

Figure 1 Mumbai dharavi Slum

GFRG Panel is a revolutionary construction technique for mass-scale housing that is

1.2.1 Rapid Urbanisation

To accommodate the expanding urban population, India would most certainly

1.2.2 Housing Shortage

Figure 2 State level cumulative houses completed Source : FICCI

According to a study provided to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty

Figure 4 Urban Housing shortage

2.1 Onion Diagram

Figure 5 Onion Diagram

Figure 6 Onion Diagram

1. Pragmatism Philosophy : It refers to the set of principles governing the viewpoint or

2.2 Research Phrase Identification

Research phrase identification will give a direction literature research. Relevant

Figure 8 Search Engines

Figure 9 Identified Research Phrases

• To study the GFRG based technology for developing Affordable housing

• To study different factors like Sustainability, Acceptability of GFRG based

• To study the challenges in implementing the technology at wide scale.

• To evaluate the benefits and drawbacks (limitations) of the GFRG based

4.1 Affordable Housing & its present condition in India

Figure 10 Statewise housing shortage in 2012 Source : KPMG

Figure 11 PMAY Sanctioned vs Released Funds

4.2 Need of Sustainable, rapid & fast track construction

When compared to traditional structures, GFRG buildings may totally eliminate

This is an environmentally beneficial and sustainable building method that uses

Authors Year Paper Title Success Criteria Identified Critique

Philip 2020 Comparative - Highlights on world’s - Meaningful

between Conventional Brick

masonry & GFRG buildings

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- Maintainability iadhhiadhda adhda iadhiadhdh ahdahaiha dhiadhiadhda dahaidhadh dhahidhda adhidaadh

2016) - Building plans & layouts - Issues related to

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Shinto Paul, 2017 Sustainable, - Advantage of GFRG - Advantages

panels - Application & Advantages Affordable mass

(Shinto housing should

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hduadhdahu ahdaihadi daahiadhiahd aiii hdd idhiahd iadhhiadhda

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FICCI 2020 Overview of - Present scenario of - Comparative

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