Habib University

Dhanani School of Science and Engineering

Digital Logic and Design

(EE-172L / CS-130L)

Lab Manual
Table of Contents
ABOUT THE LAB MANUAL ...................................................................................................................................1
ABOUT THE LAB EXERCISES ............................................................................................................................... 3
CONVENTIONS .........................................................................................................................................................5
LAB 01 – GETTING STARTED WITH TINKERCAD ..........................................................................................1

Objectives ................................................................................................................................................................ 1
a. Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................2
i. Creating an account on TinkerCAD .............................................................................................................2
ii. Basic Components and lab equipment ..........................................................................................................3
Breadboard ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Slide switch button ............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Light Emitting Diode (LED).............................................................................................................................................. 4
Power Supply ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Multimeter.......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
b. Building and Simulating circuits on TinkerCAD ................................................................................................ 6
a. Components required ...................................................................................................................................6
b. Procedure and observations .........................................................................................................................6
c. Exercise............................................................................................................................................................... 9
d. Post-lab Exercise............................................................................................................................................... 12
Assessment Rubrics ............................................................................................................................................... 13
Lab Evaluation Rubrics.......................................................................................................................................... 14
About the lab manual
This lab manual has been created with the help of practical experiments, several supporting
documents and presentations listed in the Bibliography section.

The creation process of this manual was started during the summer 2019 by Dr. Hasan Baig, and
it was continuously updated during the Fall 2019. The Research Assistants, Hassan Shah,
Hafsa Amanullah, and Saad Rashid, were involved in the continuous improvement of its contents.
It is continuously being developed and updated during Fall 2020 by the DLD team, which includes
Junaid Ahmed Memon, Hassan Shah, Hafsa Amanullah, and Zeeshan Nafees.

For questions, comments, suggestions, advices or corrections in this lab manual, please contact
Mr. Junaid Ahmed Memon at the following email address: junaid.memon@sse.habib.edu.pk.
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About the lab exercises
A brief overview of each lab will go here.

In Lab 1, you will be introduced to Online simulator Autodesk TinkerCAD, basic electronic components
and lab equipment.

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Conventions
The following conventions appear in this lab manual.

This icon denotes a “pre-lab exercise”, which a student should complete

before coming into the respective lab.
This icon denotes a “lab exercise”, which a student should complete
during the lab hours.
This icon denotes a “post-lab exercise”, which a student should complete
outside the lab hours.

This icon indicates the expected time (in minutes) to complete the specific
exercise.

This icon denotes a tip, which notifies you to advisory information.

This icon denotes an alert, which notifies you to important information.

Bold or Italic The text written in this font is used specifically for the syntax of HDL.
Bold text denotes items that you must select or click or enter the value in
the software, such as open file option or running the simulation button or
bold entering the command in the transcript window. The bold text is also used
to refer to the specific options in the software tools.

italic Italic text denotes the name of a folder or a file path.

bold and italic Bold and italic text denotes the name of a file.

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD

Lab 01 – Getting started with

TinkerCAD
Objectives

To introduce basic electronic components, equipment and an online platform to build and
simulate circuits in Autodesk TinkerCAD environment

This lab consists of three different sections – Introduction, building circuits on TinkerCAD and
exercises.

Section
a) Introduction
The aim of this section is to: 30
i. Guide with the process of creating an account on TinkerCAD
ii. Discuss different basic electronic components and lab equipment
b) Building and Simulating circuits on TinkerCAD
In this part, you will build and simulate a basic electric circuit 45

c) Exercise
In this part, you will practice to implement provided circuits and record the 80
observations/measurements

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD
Introduction

a. Introduction
TinkerCAD is a free online easy to use platform for creating basic 3D shapes and developing digital
prototypes of electronic components. These prototypes include basic circuits with LED lights, buzzers,
switches, and even light sensors. TinkerCAD gives you an experience of circuit making as if you are making
it on a breadboard, as we physically build in our labs.
Let’s start.

i. Creating an account on TinkerCAD

a. Go to www.TinkerCAD.com
b. Click on Join Now button on the upper extreme right corner of the page as shown in
Figure 1.

Figure 1

c. Start with Create a personal account as shown in Figure 2.

d. Sign up with Email as shown in Figure 3. Enter Origin Country, date of birth, HU
Email ID and password to create an account.

Figure 2 Figure 3

e. Once account is created, the window shown in Figure 4 appears. Click Done.

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD
Introduction

Figure 4

Yay! You all are set. Let’s start building circuits.

Before we continue, let’s first discuss few basic components and equipment.
ii. Basic Components and lab equipment
Breadboard
A breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with a bunch of tiny holes in it as shown in Figure 5:
Breadboard connectionsFigure 5. It is one of the most fundamental piece of equipment when
learning how to build circuits and is used to make temporary circuits (i.e. prototypes). This video
link can help you learn more about breadboard: https://youtu.be/6WReFkfrUIk.

Figure 5: Breadboard connections Figure 6: Internal connections of breadboard

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD
Introduction

a. The extreme large green rectangle consists of five set of holes all shorted. As indicated
this point is used for supplying the negative terminal of the battery (0v) to the circuit.
Upside of this, there lies a similar set of holes connected in series used for providing the
positive terminal of battery (5V in our case) to the circuit.
b. Inside these power and ground lines, we make our desired circuitry using the electronic
components. The abcde holes are all short and likewise, fghij. This is also indicated by
the two small green rectangles.
c. The ICs are placed in between the e and f holes i.e. the gap line between the holes. For
connecting the hole in parallel we use jumper wires as shown 28j hole is being connected
to 23j and likewise 28f is connected to 23f. This schematic makes both wires in parallel
combination.
Slide switch button
A switch is a device used for making and breaking electrical connection.

Figure 7: Sliding switch

a. This switch has a common pin and the other two pins are toggling in nature. You
can connect the circuitry with one of the toggling pin and leave the other pin unconnected
as shown in Figure 7.
b. The center pin is the common pin whereas the extreme pins are the toggling state 1
and toggling state 2.
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
An LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a two terminal electronic component that lights up when
current flows through it. LEDs are available in many colors including much of the visible
spectrum as well as in the infrared. LED is polar device which means for LED to turn on current must
enter into anode (the longer lead see Figure 8) not the other way around.

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD
Introduction

Figure 8: LED internal diagram

Power Supply
Power supplies are used to provide power to electric circuit. A DC (Direct Current) power supply
supplies electric current in one direction hence the name. The direction of current supplied is from
positive (i.e. red) to negative (i.e. black). DC Power supply maintains constant voltage between
two terminals (i.e. red and black). The value of voltage is selected by rotary knob as shown in
Figures below. Here is the link on how to use DC power supply (used in our lab):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xC_j1ed1j6A

Figure 9: Power Supply model in TinkerCAD Figure 10: Power Supply used in DLD lab

Multimeter
Multimeter is a measurement device which is used to measure electrical quantities of voltage,
electric current, resistance, capacitance, etc. More details about Digital Multimeter and its usage
can be found at: https://youtu.be/cvPY-qxngdM
In TinkerCAD, multimeter is used to measure voltage, current and resistance. We have three
modes: Ampere, Voltage and Resistance as shown in Figure 11. For using it, for any of the purpose
its mode must be set.

Figure 11: Multimeter model in TinkerCAD Figure 12: Digital Multimeter used in DLD lab

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD
Building and Simulating circuits on TinkerCAD

b. Building and Simulating circuits on TinkerCAD

Let’s build the following circuit in TinkerCAD

1kΩ

5V

Figure 13: Schematic

a. Components required
1. Breadboard
2. Power Supply
3. Slide switch
4. Resistor
5. LED
b. Procedure and observations

a. Click-on AUTODESK TINKERCAD logo

b. Click on "Circuits" on the left-hand side, then click on "Create New Circuit".

Figure 14

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD
Building and Simulating circuits on TinkerCAD

c. On the right side of screen, we have a search bar (refer Figure 15), where we can search
the components and equipment we may require to build our circuit. Start with
searching for breadboard (see Figure 16).
d. Place the breadboard by dragging it on the activity screen properly.

Figure 15: Component Search pane Figure 16: Searching for breadboard

e. Make sure the breadboard is well placed on the activity area.

f. Search for resistor and drag the resistor on breadboard. Recall the correct way to place
a resistor (so the both legs don’t get shorted). You can rotate the component simply
by using “r” key or there is a rotate icon on the upper left corner of the page. You can
change the colour or label of any component by clicking on it.
g. Search and drag a resistor to place it on breadboard. Click on the resistor and you will
see a box appearing on the screen (refer Figure 17) this is a 1KΩ resistor you can change
the value of resistor by erasing this 1 and writing your desired resistor value. The
multiplier can be selected from the option next to it. For now, we do not need to change
the value of multiplier as our desired multiplier is KΩ.

Figure 17: Setting resistance Figure 18: Changing wire colour. As a standard,
use red for Power and black for Ground

h. Using search bar, search and place all components in circuit building area. Connect the
components as shown in the schematic. The connections are made through wires. Once
you click on the component terminal, the wire automatically starts appearing you just

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD
Building and Simulating circuits on TinkerCAD

need to drag and drop the wire to the leg of the component. You can also change the
color of the wire; just click on the wire and select the color appropriately from the
options as shown in Figure 18.

For connecting sliding switch, connect common pin to power source and one
toggling pin to the rest of the circuit. You can leave the second toggling pin
unconnected for now, its usage will be discussed in forthcoming labs.

i. Click on simulate button on the top left of screen to observe the working of circuit.
j. Attach snippets of circuit in both conditions of LED (i.e. On and Off)

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD
Exercise

c. Exercise
1. Build and simulate the provided schematic in TinkerCAD, consider switches SW1 and
SW2 as slide switch.

Figure 19: Schematic

Toggle switch SW1 and SW2 one by one and note down your observations for LED in Table 1.

Table 1: Data table

SW1 SW2 LED (D1)

Open Open Off
Open Closed Off
Closed Open Off
Closed Closed On
AND Gate
Can you think of a logic function; to which it represents? _________________

Attach the snippet of working circuit (for all four cases).

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD
Exercise

2. Now think of developing OR logic, using 2 slide switches and LED. Sketch your
proposed design and verify it on TinkerCAD,

3. Explore TinkerCAD more and display 4-bit binary code of last digit of your student ID
using 4 slot dip switch. Also sketch the schematics of circuit developed.
As an example, lets say my ID is 2216, so my 4-bit binary code to be displayed on LED
is 0110. Refer Figure 20.

Figure 20: Example of display

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD
Exercise

Attach the snippet of working circuit.

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD
Post-lab Exercise

d. Post-lab Exercise
Use TinkerCAD tools to analyze the circuit given in Figure 13. Comment what will happen when
we decrease and increase the resistance values in this circuit. Record the current flowing in the
circuit for the resistance values mentioned in Table 2. Also plot resistance versus current curve.

Table 2: Data table

Resistance (Ω) Current (A)

10 0.184
100 0.0286
330 0.00916
1k 0.00311
1.5k 0.00209

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD
Assessment Rubrics

Assessment Rubrics

Marks Distribution:

LR1
LR5 LR7 LR10 LR11 AR4
Circuit
Results Viva Analysis Design Report
Layout
Pre - Lab Task a - - - - -
Task b 10 points 05 points - -
Task c
10 points 05 points 10 points - -
In - Lab (i)
(ii) 10 points 05 points - - 05 points

(iii) 10 points - - 10 points

Post - Lab Task d 05 points 05 points 10 points -
Total =
45 20 10 10 10 05
100

Marks Obtained:

LR1
LR5 LR7 LR10 LR11 AR4
Circuit
Results Viva Analysis Design Report
Layout
Pre - Lab Task a - - - - -
Task b - -
Task c
- -
In - Lab (i)
(ii) - -
(iii) - -
Post - Lab Task d - -
Total =

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD
Lab Evaluation Rubrics

Lab Evaluation Rubrics

# Assessment Level 1: Level 2: Developing Level 3:Good Level 4:Exemplary
Elements Unsatisfactory Points 2 Points 3 Points 4
Points 0-1

LR1 Circuit Connections between Few of the connections Circuit layout and Neat, clean and correct
Layout circuit components are made between circuit connections are correct connections of all the
mostly wrong. Circuit components are wrong. but not all connections circuit components/
layout is cluttered. Circuit layout is not are neat and clean as equipment are made as
Needs guidance to neat and clean as per per standards. per standard circuit
make correct standards. diagram.
equipment/ component
connections.

LR3 Troubleshooti Unable to identify the Able to identify the Able to identify the Able to identify the
ng fault/minimal effort fault but unable to fault but partially fault and takes
show in remove it. removes it. necessary steps and
troubleshooting. actions to correct it.

LR5 Results & Figures/ graphs / tables Figures, graphs and All figures, graphs, Figures / graphs /
Plots are not developed or tables are drawn but tables are correctly tables are correctly
are poorly constructed contain errors. Titles, drawn but contain drawn and appropriate
with erroneous results. captions, units are not minor errors or some of titles/captions and
Titles, captions, units accurate. Data the details are missing. proper units are
are not mentioned. presentation is not too mentioned. Data
Data is presented in an clear. presentation is
obscure manner. systematic.

LR7 Viva Response shows a Response shows Response shows Response shows
complete lack of shallow understanding substantial complete
understanding of the of the assigned task understanding of the understanding of the
assigned / completed assigned task completed task. The
task student is able to
explain all the related
concepts.

LR10 Analysis Results are not Analysis of the Results are analyzed Results are well
interpreted or are obtained results is and concluded but are analyzed supported
analyzed incorrectly. incomplete. not well explained and with reasons. Good
Conclusions are not justification is not comparison is made
drawn. provided with the help between the theoretical
of reasoning. and experimental
results with correct and
useful conclusion.

LR11 Design Proposed design is Justification for Proposed design is Proposed design is
unsubstantiated or does proposed design is substantiated, substantiated,
not satisfy most of weak, and it only preferably through preferably through
given constraints. The satisfies some proper analysis, and proper analysis, and
breakdown of system constraints. The satisfies most given satisfies all given
into features is breakdown of system is constraints. The constraints. The
incomplete and still at missing some features breakdown of system breakdown of system
lower resolution. and resolution is not into features seems into features seems
appropriate at some complete, but complete and at
places. resolution is not

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Lab 01 – Getting started with TinkerCAD
Lab Evaluation Rubrics

appropriate at some appropriate resolution,

places. given students' level.

AR4 Report Late submission after 1 Late submission after 2 Late submission after Timely submission of
Submission week and in between 2 days and within a the lab timing and the report and in the
weeks. week. within 2 days of the lab time.
due date.

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