SESP11920

05/09/99
Saudi Consolidated Electric Company ≠B@IZ¢y{{ ©X@R•}{A ™¶X•@@la{A ™yZ@c{A

in the Eastern Province
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SCECO-EAST ENGINEERING STANDARD SES-P-119.20
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE
2.0 GENERAL
3.0 CABLE RACEWAYS APPLICATION
3.1 Direct Burial

3.2 Direct Buried Conduit
3.3 Duct Bank
3.4 Trench
3.5 Tray
3.6 Raised Floors
3.7 Manhole
3.8 Handhole
3.9 Conduit Size and Fill
4.0 CABLE INSTALLATION PRACTICES
4.1 Storage
4.2 Precaution
4.3 Protection
4.4 Vertical Run Support
4.5 Cable Pulling
4.6 Cables in Tray
4.7 Electrical Segregation
4.8 Testing
4.9 Termination
4.10 Reduction of Transients
5.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
[SES11920/IA:as] 0799 PAGE NO. 20: 2 of 25

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1.0 SCOPE
This Standard provides the design guides for the application of cable raceways and
cable installation practices for LV power and control cables in substations of SCECO-
East.
2.0 GENERAL
2.1 Low voltage power and control cables may be direct buried, installed in duct
banks (concrete encased conduits) and trenches below grade, or installed in
conduits, trays and raised floors above grade.
2.2 There shall be adequate access for installation of additional cables and removal
of cables with ease, economy and minimum outages.
2.3 The cable system shall be compatible with drainage systems for surface water,
oil or other fluids, but shall preferably be installed to avoid accumulated fluids.
2.4 Cable entrances to control buildings shall be provided with non combustible fire
barriers and protection against rodents and water seepage from outside. The
cable system shall not propagate fire and shall be consistent with personnel
safety and good appearance.
2.5 To minimize coupling and to promote circuit integrity, separation of low

voltage power, control and communication cables shall be done. Caution shall
be exercised in the use of common duct or trench systems which compromise
circuit separation.
2.6 The cable system shall be designed so that foreseeable electrical transients will
not adversely affect the cable, connected apparatus or operation.
2.7 Apart from design engineering and material cost, careful consideration shall be
given to the installed cost for the initial as well as the ultimate installation.
2.8 Cable manufacturer's recommended maximum pulling tension and sidewall

pressure shall not be exceeded and the minimum bending radius shall not be
reduced to avoid possible damage to the cable conductor, insulation, shield or
jacket.

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3.0 CABLE RACEWAYS APPLICATION
The cable system provides LV power and control cables for power supply from source
to electrical equipment such as transformers, circuit breakers, switching devices,
current and potential transformers and auxiliary equipment.
Raceways, in the form of conduit, duct bank, trench and tray shall be provided in
substations as carrier of cables, duly protected and electrically segregated.
3.1 Direct Burial
Direct burial of cables is a method whereby cables are laid in an excavation in

earth with cables branching off to various pieces of equipment.
Direct buried cables, although the least costly installation method, shall
generally be avoided except for temporary installations.
3.2 Direct Buried Conduit
Direct buried conduit for LV power and control cables offers the most
economical underground system in terms of cost/benefit ratio. This system
shall be applied for extending cable for short runs from handhole or manhole to
individual equipment terminal box. The short run shall not have more than
three 90° bends. Direct buried conduit shall not be used under roadways or
transformer track.
Direct buried conduit system shall be of DB PVC or PVC coated rigid steel
conduit type. Where corrosive environment or excessive alkaline conditions
exist, rigid steel conduit shall be protected by a coat of bituminous paint or
similar material.
Direct buried conduit including spare shall be installed in trench. A 150 mm

layer of clean sand, free of debris, rocks or sharp objects shall be provided
around the conduit. Red concrete tile and cable warning tape shall be installed
above the sand layer. A minimum spacing of 38 mm between conduits shall be
maintained. Minimum size of conduit shall be 25 mm diameter for steel
conduit and 50 mm for PVC conduit.

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PVC conduit shall not be extended above grade. All conduits above grade shall
be rigid steel galvanized (RSGC) with suitable concrete encased transition using
male or female PVC adapters.
When cables are installed in magnetic conduits, all phases of three-phase AC

circuits and both legs of single phase AC circuits shall be installed in the same
conduit or sleeve.
3.3 Duct Bank
Duct bank (Concrete Encased Conduit) shall be applied for all outdoor
underground cable installations involving more than one conduit. Duct bank
shall consist of two or more type EB PVC conduits encased in a concrete
envelope which extends a minimum of 75 mm on the sides and bottom, and 150
mm on the top of the conduit. Minimum size of conduit shall be 100 mm
diameter. Top surface of concrete envelope shall be painted red. A cable
warning tape shall be installed above the duct bank.
Conduits shall be laid on fabricated plastic spacers sized to the conduit outside
diameter and desired separation. Plastic spacers for supporting conduits shall
be installed at intervals not exceeding 2.5 m. The base spacers must allow 75
mm of concrete below the bottom row of conduits. Intermediate spacers shall
be placed on top of the bottom and succeeding layer of conduits. The plastic
spacers shall provide a minimum spacing of 50 mm between conduits. The
adjacent conduit couplings shall be staggered.
Concrete encasement shall be poured on firm and level ground having a

minimum bearing capacity of 140 kPA (3,000 psf). Concrete for duct bank
shall be as per the soil condition and as approved by the SCECO-East
representative and shall also meet the requirement of SCECO-East Material
Standard Specification 71-SMSS-5. The joint between the pourings with
appreciable time gap shall be made as near vertical as possible and shall be
reinforced with dowel bars. All concrete duct banks shall be reinforced with
minimum temperature reinforcement in accordance with clause 7.12.2.1 of
ACI-318M89.
All spare conduits shall have nondeteriorating (nylon) pulling ropes installed
inside for future use. Conduits or duct runs shall be sloped downwards, a
minimum of 1:400, towards manholes or drain points. A test mandrel (6 mm
less in diameter than the nominal inside diameter of the duct) and wire brush
cleaner (slightly larger than the duct) shall be pulled through each duct .
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The testing and cleaning of a duct bank shall be done the day after the concrete
has been poured, to eliminate any concrete which may have seeped into the
ducts. A nylon pull rope shall be installed in each duct after cleaning. End bell
shall be installed on each end of duct bank. All cable ducts shall be sealed with
duct sealing unit.
3.4 Trench
Cable trench, cast into concrete floors, shall be provided inside the substations.
The trench shall be installed with removable covers, made of checkered
aluminum plate flush with grade. The covers in the rear of switchboards shall
be of fire retardant material and the holes cut in covers to pass cables shall have
the edges covered to prevent cable damage.
Fire resistive barriers shall be provided to separate AC and DC power cables

from control cables. The cables shall be laid in ladder type trays installed in the
trench with a clearance of 75 mm from the bottom of the trench.
3.5 Tray
Cable trays system provides high degree of flexibility, ease in installation and
circuit segregation within one tray. Where underground raceway is not
possible, cable tray system shall be considered.
The cable tray and tray support systems for indoor use shall be in accordance
with SCECO-East Material Standard Specification 24-SMSS-2.
3.5.1 Design
Cable tray design shall be free of sharp edges/burrs, and based upon the
required loading and the maximum spacing between supports. Loading
shall include the static weight of cables plus an allowance of 20% for
future expansion, and a concentrated load of 890 N at mid span. The
tray load factor(safety factor) shall be at least 1.5 based on collapse of
tray when supported as a simple beam.

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3.5.2 Load Capacity
Tray load capacity is defined as the allowable weight of wires, barrier,

cables and fire protection materials to be carried by the tray. This value
is independent of the dead load of the tray system. The quantity of
cables in any tray may be limited by the structural capacity of the tray
and its supports.
Generally, a 30-40% fill for power and control cables will result in a tray
loading such that no cable will be installed above the top of the side rails
of the cable tray except as necessary at intersections and where cables
enter or exit the cable tray systems.
3.5.3 Size and Fill
The tray shall be sized so that the width is same throughout one
continuous run. The number of single and multi-conductor cables in
cable trays shall not exceed the requirements of Article 318 of
ANSI/NFPA-70 (National Electrical Code).
3.5.4 Separation
The horizontal and vertical trays shall have a clearance of 300 mm

between any two tiers and tray top to ceiling. When the total combined
width of the trays exceeds 900 mm, these clearances shall be increased
by 150 mm. A passage of 450 mm shall be provided after every four
adjacent units of 600 mm wide cable tray, horizontally tiered. A
clearance of 600 mm shall be maintained from the top of the electrical
equipment/panels if trays are located over it.
A minimum of 50 mm separation shall be maintained between tray side

rails for adjacent horizontal trays, and 25 mm separation between any
vertical support and a tray side rail.

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3.5.5 Location, Routing and Protection
The cable tray system shall be coordinated with lighting, heating and
ventilation systems.
The cable tray shall run parallel and at right angles to building walls and
structures, and be routed directly above each panel row and control gear.
Cable trays in cable basement shall be provided directly below each
panel row or controlgear, supported from the ceiling for easy entry of
cable to the panels through floor opening and gland plate. The cable
tray racking in the basement shall be supported by free standing steel
structures in the basement. Cable trays shall be located and routed so as
not to limit substation equipment accessibility. Cable tray shall not be
installed in close proximity to fire hazard equipment or other heat
sources that are detrimental to cables.
Cable trays that enter a building shall be sloped down a minimum of

1:100 away from the building. When passing through firewalls, the
cables shall be sealed preferably with approved cable transits, or fire
stopping shall be ensured by coating a 3 m section of the cables with fire
retardant covering. Special attention shall be given to the installation of
fire stops on vertical cable runs.
A concrete curb or metal kick plate shall be provided for cable trays
passing vertically through floors or platforms. The tray shall be covered
on all sides to a distance of 1.8 m above the floor or platform.
3.5.6 Segregation
The unit/power cable/instrumentation cable segregation shall be

provided with physical fire barrier of at least one hour fire resistance.
A judicious use of flame retardant cable, proper cable separation in tray,

proper cable tray separation, fire resistive barrier or shield and
application of fire retardant coating to the cables shall be made to ensure
the safety of cable system from fire hazards.

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3.5.7 Supports and Fittings
Tray sections shall be supported near section ends and at fittings such as
tees, crosses and elbows per NEMA VE-1 unless otherwise specified
herein.
Horizontal and vertical tray supports shall provide a minimum tray

bearing surface of 45 mm and shall have provisions for hold down
clamps or fasteners. In addition, vertical tray supports shall provide
secure means for fastening cable trays to supports.
Supports shall be located whenever practical so that connectors between

the horizontal straight sections of cable tray runs fall between the
support point and the quarter point of the span. Unspliced straight
sections shall be used on all simple spans and on end spans of
continuous span arrangements. Tray supports shall have a maximum of
6 m spacing on horizontal runs and 2.4 m spacing on vertical runs.
Cantilever tray sections shall be limited to 900 mm.
Vertical trays shall be secured with H-shaped cover clamps (not clips),
spaced 1.2 m apart on horizontal tray runs and 600 mm apart on vertical
runs with 2 clamps for each bend.
Dropout fittings shall be provided where required to maintain the

minimum cable training radius. Where vertical drops exceed 1.5 m,
outside vertical elbows and drop out fittings shall be installed at the
higher elevation.
Where vertical drops exceed 4.5 m, inside vertical elbows shall be

installed at the lower elevation. Vertical and horizontal elbows shall
have a minimum radius of 300 mm.
3.5.8 Identification
Cable tray sections shall be permanently identified with the tray section
number as required by design/construction drawings. Identification
shall be stenciled at intervals not to exceed 6 m.

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3.5.9 Grounding
Cable tray systems shall be electrically continuous and grounded per

SES-P-119.10. The tray system, with or without a ground conductor
attached to and parallel with the tray, shall be effectively bonded to the
substation grounding systems.
3.6 Raised Floors
Raised floors provide maximum flexibility for additions or changes. Raised

floors construction may be used in control rooms or relay rooms with prior
approval from SCECO-East.
3.7 Manhole
A manhole serves as a point for cable pulling, to change the direction of cable,
and as a place to provide contraction and expansion of conductors. Manholes
shall be provided in a duct bank run whenever cable pulling tension is expected
to exceed the desired limit.
Reinforcing steel in the manhole walls shall not form closed loops around
individual non-metallic conduit entering the manhole and shall be bonded
minimum at two points to the substation grounding system. Non-metallic
spacers shall be used. Exposed metals in manholes, such as conduits and
ladders, shall be grounded.
Manholes shall be oriented to minimize bends in duct banks. Manholes shall be

provided with means for attachment of cable pulling devices to facilitate pulling
of cables in a straight line. Provisions shall be made for ladder type trays to
facilitate racking of cables along the walls of manholes.
Manholes shall be constructed in a manner to prevent the entry of flammable

liquids.
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3.8 Handhole
A handhole is essentially a miniature manhole installed in the main duct bank

run, approximately 600 mm below grade, with each side measuring about 600
mm. It serves as a point for branching out cables in a direct burial conduit
system.
3.9 Conduit Size and Fill
The size of conduit required depends upon the size and number of cables to be
installed and the length of straightness of the conduit run.
The minimum size of conduit required for a given size and number of cables
can be determined from Tables 1 and 4, Chapter 9 of ANSI/NFPA-70.
4.0 CABLE INSTALLATION PRACTICES
This section provides the guidance for the storage, handling and installation of LV
power and control cables.
4.1 Storage
Cable reels shall be stored upright on their flanges and handled in such a
manner as to prevent deterioration or physical damage to the reel or to the
cable. During storage, the ends of the cables shall be sealed against moisture or
contamination.
4.2 Precaution
Cable pulling lubricants shall be compatible with cable outer surface, and shall
not set up or harden during or after the installation period. The application of
cable pulling lubricant shall be as per manufacturer's instructions.
Pulling winch and other necessary equipment shall be of adequate capacity to

insure a steady continuous pull on the cable. Cable shall not be subjected to a
reverse bend as it is pulled from the reel.
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A tension measuring device shall be used on runs when pulling force

calculations indicate that the allowable stresses may be approached. Turning
the reel and feeding slack cable to the duct entrance may change a difficult pull
to an easy one. Whenever a choice is possible, pull cables so that the bend or
bends are closest to the reel.
Sufficient cable slack shall be left in each manhole and be temporarily

supported so that the cable can be trained to its final location on ladder type
cable trays along the sides of the manhole.
The use of single-roller or multi-roller cable sheaves of the proper radius shall
be ensured when installing cable around corners or obstructions.
4.3 Protection
Special care must be exercised during welding and soldering operations to

prevent damage to cables. If necessary, cables shall be protected by fire-
resistant material.
After cable installation has started, trays and trenches shall be periodically
cleaned as necessary to prevent accumulation of debris.
A suitable feeder device shall be used to protect and guide the cable from the
cable reel into the raceway. The radius of the feeder device shall not be less
than the minimum bending radius of the cable. If a feeder device is not used,
the cable shall be hand-guided into the raceway.
Bare wire rope shall not be used to pull cables in conduits. A swivel shall be
attached between the pulling eye and the pulling rope. Projections and sharp
edges on pulling hardware shall be taped or otherwise covered.
Cables shall be pulled only into clean raceways. A test mandrel shall be pulled
through all underground ducts prior to cable pulling.
Cables shall be installed in raceway systems that have adequately sized bends,
boxes and fittings. Guides for the number of bends between pull points are
given in ANSI/NFPA 70.
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The ends of the cables shall be properly sealed during and after installation in
wet locations. Aluminum cables shall be resealed after pulling, regardless of
locations.
Cable manufacturer's recommendations for cable pulling and minimum training

radius shall be followed.
4.4 Vertical Run Support
The weight of a vertical cable shall not be supported by the terminals to which
it is connected.
Vertically run cables shall be supported by holding devices in tray at intervals of

1.5 m or in the end of the conduit, or in boxes inserted at intervals in the
conduit system.
4.5 Cable Pulling
While pulling cables in underground duct (concrete encased conduit), caution

must be observed to prevent pulling tensions on cables from exceeding
allowable limits.
4.5.1 Maximum Distance of Cable Pulled in Duct Bank
The maximum distance that a cable may be pulled in duct without

damaging it, depends on the following factors:
a. Maximum allowable sidewall pressure of the cable construction

b. Tensile strength of conductor or jacket
c. Coefficient of friction between cable jacket and conduit surface
d. Weight of cable
e. Number, location, angle and radius of bends
f. Slope
g. Lubrication
h. Method of pulling cable (pulling eyes, basket weave/grip, etc.)
i. Limits of cable pulling and reel handling equipment
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4.5.2 Maximum Cable Pulling Length
Conduit and duct system design shall consider the maximum pulling
lengths of cables to be installed. The maximum cable pulling length of
a cable is determined by the maximum allowable pulling tension and
sidewall pressure as the pulling length will be limited by one of these
factors.
4.5.3 Maximum Allowable Pulling Tension
The maximum allowable pulling tension shall be determined from the

following formulae unless otherwise indicated by the cable
manufacturer:
When pulling one conductor,
Tmax = K.A
When pulling together two or three conductors of equal size,
Tmax = 2 K.A
When pulling together more than three conductors of equal size,
Tmax = 0.6 n.K.A
Where:
Tmax = maximum allowable pulling tension in Newtons

(N)
K = 71 N/mm² for annealed copper and hard
aluminum,
53 N/mm²for 75% hard aluminum
A = cross sectional area of each conductor in mm²
n = number of conductors
a. When pulling, using a pulling eye,
Tmax = 22.2 kN for a single conductor cable

Tmax = 26.7 kN for two or more conductors cable
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b. When using a basket grip applied over the outer jacket:
Tmax = 4.45 kN for nonshielded jacketed cables
Tmax shall not exceed tension limit as determined by formula

based on basket weave type pulling grip as described in item
4.5.3(c) below.
c. When using a basket weave type pulling grip applied over a lead
sheathed cable, the pulling tension shall not exceed 6.67 kN as
determined by the formula:
Tmax = Km.π.t (D - t)
Where:
Tmax = max. pulling tension (N)

Km = max. allowable pulling stress (N/mm²)
t = thickness of lead sheath (mm)
D = outside diameter of lead sheath (mm)
For lead sheathed cables with neoprene jackets, Tmax = 4.45 kN.
d. Pulling instructions for coaxial and other special cables shall

follow the manufacturer's recommendations.
4.5.4 Maximum Allowable Sidewall Pressure
Sidewall pressure is the radial force exerted on the insulation and sheath
of a cable at a bend point when the cable is under tension.
The maximum allowable sidewall pressure is 7.25 kN/m of radius for

LV power and control cables, subject to modification by the cable
manufacturer.
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4.5.5 Expected Pulling Tension
a. The expected pulling tension of one cable in a straight section of

duct may be calculated from the formula (which does not
consider slope):
T = L.m.g.f.c
Where:
T = total pulling line tension(N)
L = length of conduit runs (m)
m = mass of cable (kg/m)
g = acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s²)
f = coefficient of friction
c = weight correction factor
The coefficient of friction is usually assumed as follows :
Dry cable or ducts 0.5

Well lubricated cable and ducts 0.15 - 0.35
The weight correction factor (c) can be calculated by the

following equations :
• Three single cables in cradled configuration :
2
4 d 
c = 1+  
3  D − d
• Three single cables in triangular configuration :
1
c=
2
 d 
1−  
 D − d
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• Four single cables in a diamond configurations :
2
 d 
c = 1 + 2 
 D − d
Where :
D = conduit inside diameter

d = single conductor cable outside diameter
The weight correction factor for the three single

conductor cable can be determined from Figure 20-2.
b. The expected pulling tension of a cable in an inclined section of

duct may be calculated from the following formulas:
Tup = m.g.L (c.f. Cosα + Sinα)
Tdown = m.g.L (c.f. Cosα - Sinα)
Where:
α = angle of incline from horizontal
c. For conduit runs containing horizontal or vertical bends

(Figure 20-1), the expected pulling tension around a bend shall
be determined as follows:
Tout = Tin . ec.f .θ
Where :
Tout = tension out of bend (N)

Tin = tension into the bend (N)
c = weight correction factor
f = coefficient of friction
θ = angle of the change in direction produced
by bend (in radians)
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This simplified equation, which ignores the weight of cable, is
very accurate for majority of the low voltage cable pulling.
d. Pull points or manholes shall be installed whenever calculations

show the expected pulling tensions exceed either the maximum
allowable pulling tension or sidewall pressure.
4.5.6 Critical Jamming Ratio
When three cables are pulled into a conduit, it is possible for the center
cable to be forced between the two outer cables, while being pulled
around the bend, if D/d ratio approaches a value of 3.0.
Up to a ratio of 2.5, the cables are constrained into a triangular

configuration. However, as the value approaches 3.0, jamming of the
cables could occur, and the cables might freeze in the duct causing
serious cable damage. To allow for tolerances in cable and conduit sizes
and for ovality in the conduit at a bend, D/d ratios between 2.8 and 3.1
must be avoided (Figure 20-2).
4.5.7 Expected Sidewall Pressure
The sidewall pressure acting upon a cable at any bend may be estimated
from the following equations:
P = T/R for one cable.
P =
( 3c − 2).T for three cables in cradle formation where the
3R
center cable presses hardest against the duct.
C. T
P = for cables in triangular formation where the
2R
pressure is divided equally between the two
bottom cables.
Where :
P = sidewall pressure on the critical cable(s), (N/m)
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T = total pulling tension leaving the bend (N)
R = radius of bend (m)
c = weight correction factor (Figure 20-2)
The cable manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed for all

cable configurations not covered by the formulas given above.
4.6 Cables in Tray
Each run of cable tray shall be complete before the installation of cables.
Supports shall be provided to alleviate stress on cables where they enter a
conduit or other enclosure from the raceway system. Protective conduit
bushings shall be provided on all conduit entrances and exits from the tray
system.
All cables shall be suitably fastened to the cable tray every 1.8 m on horizontal
runs, every 1.5 m on vertical runs and every 450 mm on turns.
To prevent imbalance in the parallel conductors due to inductive reactance
where circuits are paralleled, single conductor cables shall be fastened in groups
consisting of not more than one conductor per phase or neutral. To prevent
excessive movements due to fault current magnetic forces, and to minimize
inductive heating effects in tray sidewalls and bottom, cables shall be securely
bound in circuit groups.
4.7 Electrical Segregation
4.7.1 In general, to minimize interference, cables installed in stacked cable

trays shall be arranged in descending order starting from topmost tray, as
below.
Single core power cables (ladder type cable

tray)
Multicore power cables (ladder type cable
tray)
Multicore control cables (ladder type cable
tray)
Instrumentation cables (trough type tray with
perforated bottom)
Control cables shall be provided a separation distance of 300 mm from

multicore power cables and 600 mm from single core power cables.
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4.7.2 The mode of installation of cables in trays shall be as follows :
Multicore control cables double layer touching

Multicore power cables upto 16mm² double layer touching
Multicore power cables 25 mm² to 70mm² single layer touching
Multicore power cables above 70 mm² single layer 25 mm
spaced
Single core power cables 240/300/400 mm² trefoil touching
Single core power cables for DC and instrumentation cables shall be laid
in trough type perforated bottom cable tray.
4.7.3 In special cases, LV power and control cables may be mixed if their
respective diameters do not differ greatly and they have compatible
operating temperatures and voltage ratings with the prior approval of
SCECO-East. When this is done, the power cable ampacity shall be
calculated as if all the cables are power cables.
4.7.4 Conductors of signalling, instrumentation, and communication systems

shall not occupy the same enclosure, cable tray, conduit or duct with
conductors of lighting, power, 127Vac control, or 24V and above DC
relay/control systems. Where such conductors are direct buried or in
conduit/duct banks, a minimum spacing of 300 mm between the two
groups shall be maintained.
4.7.5 Further subdivision of tray systems shall be provided so that the cables
associated with duplicate equipment or redundant control devices shall
be routed in separate trays to provide isolation, as practically possible.
4.8 Testing
This section provides requirements for testing of cables after installation but
before their connection to equipment, and includes cable terminations and
connectors.
The purpose of the tests is to verify that major cable insulation damage did not
occur during storage and installation. It should be noted that these tests may not
detect damage that might eventually lead to cable failure in service, i.e. damage
to cable jacket or insulation shield.
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Safety precautions shall be performed, as applicable, in conjunction with the

cable manufacturer's recommendations.
4.8.1 LV power and control cables shall be insulation resistance tested prior to
connecting to equipment and also functionally tested (at equipment
operating voltage) as part of the checkout of the equipment system.
4.8.2 The cable insulation resistance tests shall measure the insulation
resistance between any possible combinations of conductors in the same
cable and between each conductor and station ground, with all other
conductors in the same cable grounded.
The test voltage should be a minimum of 500Vdc. The minimum

acceptable insulation resistance shall be 1 MΩ.
4.9 Termination
The recommendations of the cable and connector manufacturers shall be

followed in terminating and connecting low voltage power and control cables.
Where bending of the cable is necessary in training position, care must be

exercised that the bending radius is not less than that recommended by NEMA
WC-5 (ICEA-S-61-402).
All terminations and connections shall be protected from contamination or

damage by water or other foreign materials.
Cables shall be permanently identified at each end.
4.9.1 Cable End Treatment
Cable ends shall be arranged with neatness for ease in handling.
The cable shall be held in place with clasps or clamps with a sufficient
area of contact between the holding device and the cable so that the
cable will not be damaged by deformation due to excess bearing
pressure.
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The cable sheath end shall be dressed with twine or other binder
material to prevent the cable from slipping back into the conduit, and for
neatness.
4.9.2 Shield
Termination of cable shield requires careful workmanship. To avoid

damage to the conductor insulation, extreme care must be exercised
when soldering the shield.
4.9.3 Terminals
Whenever practical, control cables shall be terminated on terminal

blocks. In any case, all terminations shall be performed in a neat and
workmanlike manner.
Conductors of 10 mm² and smaller shall be terminated with tin plated

copper, rectangular, round end, crimp type connectors. Conductors
larger than 10 mm² shall be terminated with tin plated copper
compression terminators or terminal lugs.
Any spare conductors in control cable, not terminated on terminal block,

shall be left long enough and dressed.
Exposed conductor surfaces of low voltage power cables at the terminal

lugs shall be covered with suitable insulation.
4.10 Reduction of Transients
Transients may be caused by a lightning stroke, a fault, switching operation and

ground grid potential difference and may readily be transferred from one
conductor to another by means of electrostatic and electromagnetic coupling
which results into undesirable induced voltages.
To neutralize the transient induced voltages, shield of shielded control cables

shall be grounded at both ends.
If the cable shield is inadequate to carry the fault current, a separate grounding
cable shall be run in parallel to the group of conduits carrying shielded cables,
which is grounded and bonded to the shield of control cables at each end. This
shall be evaluated on case by case basis.
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DWG # SE-1192001.00.00
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DWG # SE-1192002.00.00
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5.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. ACI 318 M89, "Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete", 1992.
2. Donald G. Fink and H. Wayne Beaty, "Standard Handbook for Electrical

Engineers", Thirteenth Edition, McGraw, Inc., N.Y., 1993.
3. IEEE 525, "Guide for Selection and Installation of Control and Low Voltage
Cable Systems in Substations", 1992.
4. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-89, No.6,

"Transient Induced in Control Cables Located in EHV Substation", July/August
1970.
5. NEMA WC5 (ICEA-S-61-402) "Thermoplastic Insulated Wire and Cable for

the Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Energy", 1992.
6. NEMA VE-1, "Metallic Cable Tray Systems", 1991.
7. NFPA 70, "National Electrical Code", 1996.
25

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What are the different types of cable raceways discussed in the document?

What are the different types of cable raceways discussed in the document?

What are some of the cable installation practices mentioned?

What are some of the cable installation practices mentioned?

05/09/99

Saudi Consolidated Electric Company ≠B@IZ¢y{{ ©X@R•}{A ™¶X•@@la{A ™yZ@c{A

SCECO-EAST ENGINEERING STANDARD SES-P-119.20

3.0 CABLE RACEWAYS APPLICATION

3.1 Direct Burial

4.0 CABLE INSTALLATION PRACTICES

[SES11920/IA:as] 0799 PAGE NO. 20: 2 of 25

SCECO-EAST ENGINEERING STANDARD SES-P-119.20

2.5 To minimize coupling and to promote circuit integrity, separation of low

2.8 Cable manufacturer's recommended maximum pulling tension and sidewall

[SES11920/IA:as] 0799 PAGE NO. 20: 3 of 25

SCECO-EAST ENGINEERING STANDARD SES-P-119.20

3.0 CABLE RACEWAYS APPLICATION

3.1 Direct Burial

Direct burial of cables is a method whereby cables are laid in an excavation in

3.2 Direct Buried Conduit

Direct buried conduit including spare shall be installed in trench. A 150 mm

[SES11920/IA:as] 0799 PAGE NO. 20: 4 of 25

SCECO-EAST ENGINEERING STANDARD SES-P-119.20

When cables are installed in magnetic conduits, all phases of three-phase AC

3.3 Duct Bank

Concrete encasement shall be poured on firm and level ground having a

[SES11920/IA:as] 0799 PAGE NO. 20: 5 of 25

SCECO-EAST ENGINEERING STANDARD SES-P-119.20

Fire resistive barriers shall be provided to separate AC and DC power cables

[SES11920/IA:as] 0799 PAGE NO. 20: 6 of 25

SCECO-EAST ENGINEERING STANDARD SES-P-119.20

3.5.2 Load Capacity

Tray load capacity is defined as the allowable weight of wires, barrier,

3.5.3 Size and Fill

The horizontal and vertical trays shall have a clearance of 300 mm

A minimum of 50 mm separation shall be maintained between tray side

[SES11920/IA:as] 0799 PAGE NO. 20: 7 of 25

SCECO-EAST ENGINEERING STANDARD SES-P-119.20

3.5.5 Location, Routing and Protection

Cable trays that enter a building shall be sloped down a minimum of

The unit/power cable/instrumentation cable segregation shall be

A judicious use of flame retardant cable, proper cable separation in tray,

[SES11920/IA:as] 0799 PAGE NO. 20: 8 of 25

SCECO-EAST ENGINEERING STANDARD SES-P-119.20

3.5.7 Supports and Fittings

Horizontal and vertical tray supports shall provide a minimum tray

Supports shall be located whenever practical so that connectors between

Dropout fittings shall be provided where required to maintain the

Where vertical drops exceed 4.5 m, inside vertical elbows shall be

[SES11920/IA:as] 0799 PAGE NO. 20: 9 of 25

SCECO-EAST ENGINEERING STANDARD SES-P-119.20

Cable tray systems shall be electrically continuous and grounded per

3.6 Raised Floors

Raised floors provide maximum flexibility for additions or changes. Raised

Manholes shall be oriented to minimize bends in duct banks. Manholes shall be

Manholes shall be constructed in a manner to prevent the entry of flammable

[SES11920/IA:as] 0799 PAGE NO. 20: 10 of 25

SCECO-EAST ENGINEERING STANDARD SES-P-119.20

A handhole is essentially a miniature manhole installed in the main duct bank