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    Chemistry Project File YEAR - 2021-2022

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    HARSH
    Harsh Shah conducted an experiment to determine the rate of diffusion of solids in liquids using potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), copper sulfate (CuSO4), and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) crystals. The experiment involved placing 1g crystals of each solid at the bottom of graduated cylinders filled with water and recording the height of the colored solutions over time. The results showed that copper ions diffused faster than permanganate ions which diffused faster than dichromate ions. Specifically, copper ions diffused about 1.4 times faster than permanganate ions and 1.8 times faster than dichromate ions. Thus, the rate of diffusion was inversely

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    Chemistry Project File YEAR - 2021-2022

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    HARSH
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    Harsh Shah conducted an experiment to determine the rate of diffusion of solids in liquids using potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), copper sulfate (CuSO4), and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) crystals. The experiment involved placing 1g crystals of each solid at the bottom of graduated cylinders filled with water and recording the height of the colored solutions over time. The results showed that copper ions diffused faster than permanganate ions which diffused faster than dichromate ions. Specifically, copper ions diffused about 1.4 times faster than permanganate ions and 1.8 times faster than dichromate ions. Thus, the rate of diffusion was inversely

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    Harsh Shah conducted an experiment to determine the rate of diffusion of solids in liquids using potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), copper sulfate (CuSO4), and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) crystals. The experiment involved placing 1g crystals of each solid at the bottom of graduated cylinders filled with water and recording the height of the colored solutions over time. The results showed that copper ions diffused faster than permanganate ions which diffused faster than dichromate ions. Specifically, copper ions diffused about 1.4 times faster than permanganate ions and 1.8 times faster than dichromate ions. Thus, the rate of diffusion was inversely

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    44 views6 pages

    Chemistry Project File YEAR - 2021-2022

    Uploaded by

    HARSH
    Harsh Shah conducted an experiment to determine the rate of diffusion of solids in liquids using potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), copper sulfate (CuSO4), and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) crystals. The experiment involved placing 1g crystals of each solid at the bottom of graduated cylinders filled with water and recording the height of the colored solutions over time. The results showed that copper ions diffused faster than permanganate ions which diffused faster than dichromate ions. Specifically, copper ions diffused about 1.4 times faster than permanganate ions and 1.8 times faster than dichromate ions. Thus, the rate of diffusion was inversely

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    CHEMISTRY PROJECT

    FILE
    YEAR – 2021-2022

    TOPIC: DIFFUSION OF SOLIDS IN


    LIQUIDS

    NAME: HARSH SHAH


    ROLL NO.: 2063
    GRADE: XII-B
    INDEX
    SR NO CONTENTS PAGE NO. SIGN

    1 OBJECTIVE 2

    2 Scientific principle
    involved
    2

    3 MATERIAL
    REQUIRED
    3

    4 METHOD 3

    5 CONCLUSION/
    RESULT
    6

    6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 6
    OBJECTIVE:
    To determine the rate of diffusion of solids and liquids

    SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES INVOLVED:


    When a solid is placed in the contact with solvent in which it
    is soluble, it starts dissolving and gradually goes into
    solution. This process of dissolution of solid in liquid is
    called diffusion.

    The different stages of diffusion of solids in liquids can be


    easily seen by diffusion of particles of coloured salts such
    as CuSO4, K2Cr2O7, and KMno4 etc. . . .

    When one of the crystal is placed at bottom of the beaker


    containing water, the water at bottom remains coloured. In
    the beginning the upper part remains colourless , while as
    the time passes coloured solution goes on gaining height
    and ultimately the whole solution remains coloured . This is
    because the molecules of solute and the solvent tend to
    intermix and give a solution of uniform concentration. This
    spontaneous intermixing of solute and solvent molecules to
    form homogenous solution is called diffusion of solids in
    liquids.

    All substances don’t dissolve at same rate. The diffusion of


    solid in a liquid depends upon 1) temperature, 2) size of
    particles and 3) mass of particles.

    As temperature increases the rate of diffusion increases. As


    the mass of ion increases the rate of diffusion also increase.
    MATERIALS USED:
    Crystals of K2Cr2O7, CuSO4 (hydrated) and KMnO4, three
    250mL measuring cylinders, stop watch, deflagrating spoon
    of small diameter.

    METHOD:
    Take three 250 mL graduated cylinder and fill each with 150
    mL distilled water. Place 1g of crystals of K2Cr2O7,
    CuSO4.5H2O and KMnO4 at the bottom of this cylinders with
    the help of deflagrating spoon. Record the heights of
    crystals in the cylinder in the cylinders. This determines the
    zero point diffusion. Record the heights of the coloured
    solutions at regular intervals of time.

    Graphical representation Study of diffusion of solids

    In liquids

    For K2Cr2O7

    Time in hour Level of colured Rate of diffusion


    solution =Volume /Time=
    ml/h
    0.25
    0.50
    0.75
    1.00

    For CuSO4

    Time in hour Level of colured Rate of diffusion


    solution =Volume /Time=
    ml/h
    0.25
    0.50
    0.75
    1.00

    For KMNO4

    Time in hour Level of colured Rate of diffusion


    solution =Volume /Time=
    ml/h
    0.25
    0.50
    0.75
    1.00

    Observations:
    Room Temperature = 298 K

    Mass of each K2Cr2O7, CuSO4.5H2O and KMnO4 Crystals


    taken = 1g

    Molecular Mass of Cr2O7 2- ions = 216

    Molecular Mass of Cu 2+ ions = 63.5


    Molecular Mass of MnO4 – ions = 119

    Total time = 1hr

    Average time of diffusion = ml / hr

    RESULT:
    The rate of diffusion is different for different coloured ions.

    For Cu 2+ ions it is about 1.4 times as fast as for MnO4- ions


    and about 1.8 times as fast as Cr2O7 2- ions. Thus rate of
    diffusion of these ions are inversely proportional to the
    square root of molecular masses.

    BIBLIOGRAPHY:
    Page number 174 and 175 of Chemistry Lab Manual.

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