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    Module 3 Orifice Flow Lesson 2

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    Aica Atendido
    This document discusses two topics related to orifice flow: 1. The coordinate method of determining jet velocity from an orifice, which involves calculating the initial velocity components in the x and y directions and relating them to the coordinates x and y using equations of rectilinear motion. 2. The analysis of unsteady flow in orifices under changing head conditions, involving calculation of the time required for the liquid surface to rise or fall between two elevations. General equations are provided for when the inflow is zero and the surface drops, and for cases when the inflow is greater or less than the outflow.

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    Module 3 Orifice Flow Lesson 2

    Uploaded by

    Aica Atendido
    26 views3 pages
    This document discusses two topics related to orifice flow: 1. The coordinate method of determining jet velocity from an orifice, which involves calculating the initial velocity components in the x and y directions and relating them to the coordinates x and y using equations of rectilinear motion. 2. The analysis of unsteady flow in orifices under changing head conditions, involving calculation of the time required for the liquid surface to rise or fall between two elevations. General equations are provided for when the inflow is zero and the surface drops, and for cases when the inflow is greater or less than the outflow.

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    This document discusses two topics related to orifice flow: 1. The coordinate method of determining jet velocity from an orifice, which involves calculating the initial velocity components in the x and y directions and relating them to the coordinates x and y using equations of rectilinear motion. 2. The analysis of unsteady flow in orifices under changing head conditions, involving calculation of the time required for the liquid surface to rise or fall between two elevations. General equations are provided for when the inflow is zero and the surface drops, and for cases when the inflow is greater or less than the outflow.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    26 views3 pages

    Module 3 Orifice Flow Lesson 2

    Uploaded by

    Aica Atendido
    This document discusses two topics related to orifice flow: 1. The coordinate method of determining jet velocity from an orifice, which involves calculating the initial velocity components in the x and y directions and relating them to the coordinates x and y using equations of rectilinear motion. 2. The analysis of unsteady flow in orifices under changing head conditions, involving calculation of the time required for the liquid surface to rise or fall between two elevations. General equations are provided for when the inflow is zero and the surface drops, and for cases when the inflow is greater or less than the outflow.

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    Module 3

    ORIFICE FLOW
    LESSON No. 2 : Coordinate Method of Jet Velocity and
    Unsteady Flow in an Orifice

    COURSE MATERIALS
    1. Coordinate Method of Determining Jet Velocity

    a. Inclined Velocity

    Viy Vi

     X
    O Vix y

    x
    Vf

    Working equations from rectilinear motion

    a. V f = V i + a t
    b. V f 2 = V i 2 + 2 a s
    c. S = V i ( t ) + ½ a t 2

    b. Horizontal Velocity

    V i = Vix

    y
    V iy = 0

    From: S=Vi(t)+½at2
    x = Vix ( t )
    y=½gt2

    c. Relationship of Vi and the coordinates x and y.

    2.215x
    Vi = √y
    2. Unsteady Flow in Orifices: Discharge Under Falling or Rising Head

    The unsteady flow problems require the determination of the time it takes for the
    liquid surface to rise or drop from one given elevation to another elevation. The
    analysis are divided in each cases that follows.

    Constant QI (inflow)
    L.S. ( t = 0 )
    dh

    h1 L.S. ( t = t )
    h
    h2

    Qo (outflow)

    Q i = inflow
    Q o = outflow or discharge

    The general equation of time “t” to reduce the head from h 1 to h2 is :

    Asdh d(Vol)
    dt = CAo √ 2gh = CAo √ 2gh
    where :
    A s = area of the liquid surface at any head “h”

    d (Vol )
    Case I. When Q i = 0, the surface drops and the volume decreases or dt <
    0.

    The rate of change in the volume of the contained liquid is the outflow, Q o.

    - Q o = - C Ao √ 2gh
    if the time in the interval h2 < h < h1 is required, then

    1 h 2 d(Vol)
    ∫
    t = - CAo √ 2g √h
    h1

    1 h 1 d(Vol)
    ∫
    t = CAo √ 2g √h
    h1

    Case II. When Qi ¿ Qo at time t = 0.

    Two related sub-cases under this condition:

    a. Qi < Qo : The liquid surface drops as in the first case.

    hi d (Vol)
    ∫h 2 CAo √ 2gh−Qi
    t=

    b. Qi > Qo : The liquid surface rises and the volume increase or


    d (Vol )
    dt > 0.
    h2 d (Vol)
    ∫h 1 Qi−CAo √ 2 gh
    t =

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