STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Quarter 3 – Week 1

MICHAEL JOSHUA B. LESIGUEZ 11- TVL-D

LAS 1.1 - Illustrates a random variable (discrete and continuous)

Practice Exercise:
Classify the following random variables as discrete or continuous.

1. The number of defective computers produced by a manufacturer - DISCRETE

2. The weight of newborns each year in a hospital - CONTINUOUS
3. The number of siblings in a family of a region - DISCRETE
4. The amount of paint utilized in a building project - CONTINUOUS
5. The number of dropouts in a school district for a period of 10 years - DISCRETE
6. The speed of a car - CONTINUOUS
7. The number of female athletes - DISCRETE
8. The time needed to finish the test - CONTINUOUS
9. The amount of sugar in a cup of coffee - CONTINUOUS
10. The number of people who are playing LOTTO each day - DISCRETE

Evaluation:

1. Discrete random variable can be described by sets of possible outcomes which is countable or whose
value is obtained by counting. It is mostly represented by count data.

2. Continuous random variable can be described by values on a continuous scale or whose value is
obtained by measuring. It is often represented by measured data.

3. Give 4 examples of discrete random variable

The number of children in the family
The number of defective light bulbs in a box
The number of male attendees in a seminar
The number of cavities a patient has in a year

4. Give 4 examples of continuous random variable

The time required to run a mile
The amount of milk in a bottle
The length of a room
The height of a female athlete
 LAS 1.2 - Distinguishes between a discrete and a continuous random variable

Practice Exercise:
Determine if the random variable X or Y is discrete or continuous.

1. X = number of points scored in the last season by a randomly selected basketball player in the
PBA - DISCRETE
2. Y = the height in centimeter of a randomly selected student inside the library - CONTINUOUS
3. X = number of birds in a nest - DISCRETE
4. Y = the weights in kg of randomly selected dancers after taking up aerobics - CONTINUOUS
5. Z = the hourly temperatures last Sunday - CONTINUOUS

Evaluation:
Classify the following random variables as discrete or continuous.

1. X = the number of mobile phones sold in one week in AB store - DISCRETE

2. Y = the weights in pounds of newly born babies in a hospital nursery - CONTINUOUS
3. X = the number of cars in a parking lot every noon - DISCRETE
4. Y = the number of gifts received by a birthday celebrator - DISCRETE
5. X = the length of time spent in playing video games in minutes - CONTINUOUS
6. Y = the number of students enrolled in Grade 11 in your school - DISCRETE
7. X = number of women randomly selected in a political rally - DISCRETE
8. P = the number of points scored in a basketball game - DISCRETE
9. Q = the number of employees in a call center who are Bachelor of Science in Nursing graduates -
DISCRETE
10. P = the heights of varsity players in your school in meters - CONTINUOUS

LAS 1.3 - Possible values of a random variable

Practice Exercise:
Suppose three coins are tossed. Let X be the random variable representing the number of tails that occur.
Find the possible values of the random variable X. Complete the table below. Use H to represent the head and T to
represent the tail.

Possible Outcomes Value of the Random Variable X

(number of tails)
HHH 0
HHT 1
HTH 1
THH 1
HTT 2
THT 2
TTH 2
 TTT 3

 The possible values of the random variable X are 0, 1, 2 and 3.

 S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}

Evaluation:
Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from an urn containing 5 red balls and 6 blue balls.
Let X be the random variable representing the number of blue balls. Find the possible values of the random variable
X. Use R to represent the red ball and B to represent the blue ball. Complete the table below.

Possible Outcomes Value of the Random Variable X

(number of blue balls)
RR 0
RB 1
BR 1
BB 2

 The possible values of the random variable X are 0, 1 and 2.

 S = {RR, RB, BR, BB}

LAS 1.4 - Probability distribution for a discrete random variable and its properties

Practice Exercise:
Which of the following are discrete probability distributions? If it is not a discrete probability distribution,
identify the property or properties that are not satisfied.

1. DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

X 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.10 0.20 0.25 0.40 0.05

2. NOT A DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS – does not satisfied the property of (b) ∑ P( x) =
1
X 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.05 0.25 0.33 0.28 0.08

3. NOT A DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS – does not satisfied the property of (b) ∑ P( x) =
1
X 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.08 0.25 0.34 0.31 0.04
 4. NOT A DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS – does not satisfied the property of (b) ∑ P( x) =
1
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 1 3 1 1 3
10 10 5 4 10

5. DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

X 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 1 1 3 7 1
10 5 10 20 20

Evaluation:
Which of the following are discrete probability distributions? If it is not a discrete probability distribution,
identify the property or properties that are not satisfied.

1. NOT A DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS – does not satisfied the properties of

(a) 0 ≤ P(x) ≤ 1 and (b) ∑ P( x) = 1
X 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.03 0.22 1.01 0.23 0.02

2. DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

X 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 0.05 0.27 0.34 0.28 0.06

3. NOT A DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS – does not satisfied the property of (b) ∑ P( x) =
1
X 2 3 4 5 6
P(x) 1 1 1 1 1
15 5 3 5 15

4. NOT A DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS – does not satisfied the property of (b) ∑ P( x) =
1
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 4 6 8 1 3
25 25 25 5 25

5. DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

X 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 1 1 1 3 1
20 5 2 20 10
 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
Quarter 3 – Week 2

MICHAEL JOSHUA B. LESIGUEZ 11- TVL-D

LAS 2.1 – Computes probabilities corresponding to a given random variable

Practice Exercises:

1. Let X be the number of heads if you toss a coin twice. Find the probability for each possible value.

Solution:

If the coin is toss twice, the possible outcomes are HH (head-head), HT (head-tail), TH (tail-head)
or TT (tail-tail). Since the random variable X is the number of heads if the coin is toss twice, the
Support S consists the elements 0 (HH), 1 (HT, TH), 2 (TT). The probability of getting a head is 1/4 .
Also, the probability of getting no head (tail) is 1/4 .

Therefore, probability distribution is

x 0 1 2
P ( X=x ) ¼ 1/ 2 1/4

{
1
f ( x ) = x if xϵ { 1,2,3,4 }
2. Consider the pmf 10 , compute the probabilities f ( 0 ) and f ( 3 ) .
0 , otherwise
Solution:
For x=0 For x=3

1 1
f ( x )= x f ( x )= x
10 10
 1 1 3
f ( 0 )= ( 0 ) =0 f ( 3 )= ( 3 )= ∨0.3
10 10 10

3. Complete the unknown probability of the probability distribution below.

x 0 1 2
P ( X=x ) 0.25 0.50 0.25

Evaluation:
1. Let X be the number of heads if you toss a coin thrice. Complete the unknown probability of
probability distribution shown below.

Possible Outcomes: HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT

x 0 1 2 3
P ( X=x ) 1/8 3/ 8 3/ 8 1/8

{
1
x if xϵ { 1,4 }
2. Consider the pmf f ( x ) = 5 , compute the probabilities f ( 1 ) and f ( 4 ) .
0 , otherwise
Solution:
For x=1 For x=4

1 1
f ( x )= x f ( x )= x
5 5
1 1 1 4
f ( 1 ) = ( 1 )=¿ f ( 4 ) = ( 4 )= ∨0. 8
5 5 5 5

LAS 2.2 – Illustrates and calculates the mean and variance of a discrete random variable

Practice Exercises:

A random variable X given in the probability distribution below is the number of persons entering
the bank every hour during a span of one week which were recorded by the security guard. a) What is the
 expected number of persons entering the bank every hour during that week? b) Compute the variance and
standard deviation by illustrating its calculation step by step.

x 1 2 3 4
P ( x) 0.10 0.20 0.45 0.25

Solution:
a.)

x P( x ) x P(x )
1 0. 10 0 .10
2 0. 20 0. 4 0
3 0. 4 5 1 .3 5
 4 0.25 1 Therefore,
∑ [ x P( x)]=2.85 the
average
of expected number of persons entering the bank every hour during that week is 2.85.
b.)

x P( x ) x P(x ) x−μ ( x−μ )2 ( x−μ )2 P( x)

1 0. 10 0.10 1−2.85=−1.85 3.42 25 3.4225 ( 0.10 )=0. 34225
2 0. 2 0 0. 4 0 2−2.85=−0.85 0. 7225 0 .7225 ( 0. 4 0 )=0 .289
3 0. 4 5 1 .3 5 3−2.85=0.15 0.0225 0.0225 ( 1 .3 5 )=0.030375
4 0.25 1 4−2.85=1.15 1.3225 1 .3 225 ( 1 )=1.3225
∑ [ x P( x)]=2 . 85 σ =∑ [( x −μ) P(x) ] =1.98
2 2

Solution:

Variance, σ 2=1.98

Standard Deviation, σ =√ 1.98 ≈1.41

Evaluation:
A researcher surveyed about the senior citizens in a small town infected by COVID-19. The random
variable X represents the number of senior citizens infected by COVID-19 every week in a whole month.

x 0 1 2 3
P ( x) 0.10 0.30 0.35 0.25
1. What is the expected number of citizens infected by COVID-19 every week during the whole month?
Solution:

x P( x ) x P(x )
0 0. 10 0
1 0. 3 0 0. 3 0
2 0. 3 5 0.7
 The
3 0.25 0.75 average
∑ [ x P( x)]=1 . 7 5 expected
number of
citizens infected by COVID-19 every week during the whole month is 1.75.

2. Illustrate and calculate, in tabular form, the variance and standard deviation of the random variable X .

x P( x ) x P(x ) x−μ ( x−μ )2 ( x−μ )2 P( x)

0 0. 10 0 0−1.7 5=−1. 7 5 3 .0625 3. 0625 ( 0.10 )=0. 3 0625
1 0. 3 0 0. 3 0 1−1 . 7 5=−0.7 5 0. 5625 0 . 5625 ( 0.3 0 ) =0 .16875
2 0. 3 5 0.7 2−1 . 7 5=0. 2 5 0.0 625 0.0 625 ( 0 . 35 )=0. 021875
3 0.25 0.75 3−1. 7 5=1. 2 5 1 .5625 1. 5625 ( 0.25 )=0.390625
∑ [ x P(x)]=1.75 σ =∑ [(x −μ) P(x) ] =0. 8 9
2 2

Solution:

Variance, σ 2=0. 8 9
3.

Standard Deviation, σ =√ 0.89 ≈ 0 . 9 4