SCIENCESKWELA

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INTRODUCTION OF LESSON

A.Good day Tacloban, Good Day Tac Radyo Eskwela viewers and
Listeners.
This segment of Science SKwELA NA is specially for the grade 8
learners tuned in~ right now. This is---Teacher Dhanessa
Condes, Join me in a SCIENTIRIFIC JOURNEY.
Tara na!/ Science^Skwela na!

Here are a few reminders for this session.

Please prepare your Pen, record notebooks and Quarter 2,
Science 8 Module 1
– Earthquakes and faults.
Make sure that you are on your most comfortable learning space
as we go through this lesson.
If you have questions and clarifications about the lesson, you are
welcome to write them down on the comment section of our
facebook live. I, your Ka radio Skwela Teacher will be
answering them later.

For starters, let me ask something…

Have you experienced an earthquake?
I sure bet you have.
Terrifying isn’t it?

Have you ever wondered How earthquakes occur?

Today, we will be answering that question for we will be learning

about

How movements along plates generate earthquakes

This is our first Lesson in Science 8, Quarter 2. Module 1 -

Lessons about Earthquakes and faults.

Before we explore and discover the wonders of our new lesson,

let us first look at our objectives for today.
At the end of this session you will be able to:
a. Identify the different types of faults
b. Describe the movement that occurs in every type of fault and
c. Explain how movement along faults generate earthquakes

<PRETEST/GAME>

Before we begin the lesson proper, let us check first our

knowledge on earthquakes and faults through a brain teaser
activity which is called FACT OR BLUFF
(What I know)

Here are the Directions:

I will be reading series of statements. You will choose whether the
statement is FACT or BLUFF. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper or on your notebook.
Are you ready? Let’s start.
Statement no. 1
1. The Philippines is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
FACT OR BLUFF. (1,2,3)
Your answer? Great! It’s a FACT!
The Philippines is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire. The
Pacific Ring of fire is a region around the Pacific Ocean
where many volcanic eruption and earthquakes occur.
Statement no. 2
2. Earthquakes are NOT associated with faults.
FACT Or BLUFF (1..2..3..)
Correct! The statement is indeed a BLUFF!
A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures or cracks between
two blocks of rock.
Earthquakes are formed through the rapid release of energy
by the sudden movements of rocks along the faults.
Let’s go to statement no. 3
3. A fault is a stationary line with no significant movement and
release of energy.
FACT Or BLUFF (1..2..3..)
You are on the right track if your answer is BLUFF!
Stress in the outer layer of the fault pushes the sides of the
fault together causing a significant movement to take
place.

But how do movements along faults cause earthquakes?

We’ll talk about it in a few.
Statement no.4
4. Energy from the inside of the Earth exerts a force on the
rocks.
FACT OR BLUFF. (1..2..3..)
Great! It’s a FACT!
Energy from the inside of the earth exerts a force on the
rocks
Onto the last number.
No. 5: There is only one type of fault along the Earth’s
Lithosphere.
FACT OR BLUFF. (1..2..3..)
Excellent! It’s a BLUFF!

There are different types of faults. Each type is the outcome of

different forces pushing or pulling on the crust, causing rocks to
slide up, down or past each other. You’ll be able to identify them,
later.
GREAT JON IF YOU GOT MOST OF THE CORRECT ANSWERS.
Similar to this, you can also answer the PreTest on your Quarter
2, Science 8, Module 1 under what I know, page 2

<DISCUSSION PROPER.>

If you can recall in Science 7, it was mentioned that the

Philippines is situated along the Pacific Ring of Fire. As shown
in this picture, the red line indicates the path where most
volcanoes, and fault lines are located. How does this affect us?
People who live along the Ring of Fire experiences a lot of
earthquakes and volcanic erruptions. Something us Filipinos
should be ready for, all the time.
These are strong and unpredictable forces of nature. Which
can cause a lot of damage to life and property. They happen in
no specific time and place.
Up to this day, Scientists are still figuring out how to detect
this natural phenomenon accurately.

The Scientists who study and record earthquakes are called

seismologist.

Let us discuss further what is an Earthquake?

 Earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth
resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s
lithosphere.

No one can stop earthquakes from happening. But there are

things that people can do to avoid or decrease the loss of life
and damage to property. The first step is to have a clear
understanding of the occurrence of earthquakes

So, how do earthquakes really occur?

EARTHQUAKES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH FAULTS

When a faults suddenly move, an earthquake occurs.
Do you know what a fault is?
Let’s take a look and observe this simulaltion.
Here, the two pieces of cardboard act as the existing fault in
the earths crust, The sand as the earth’s crust and the two lines
parallel to each other serves as a visual representation of a
possible reference of position like a road.
Observe as the two sheets are pulled slowly in the opposite
direction.
Lets see that, one more time! Now let’s try to answer these
questions.
1. As the sheets were moved, what is formed in the sand?
Right. A break, fracture or a crack is formed in the sand.
2. What happened to the lines?
Correct! The lines were shifted or displaced.

Now look at this image here. Do you find any similarities

with the results of simulation earlier?
From these images we could say that a FAULT is a fracture
or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock. It allows the
blocks to move relative to each other. These are often in
centimeters to thousands of kilometers long and their
surfaces can be vertical or horizontal.

There are three types of faults.

THE NORMAL FAULT
THE REVERSE FAULT
AND THE STRIKE-SLIP FAULT
In Normal Fault The rock layers of the Earth’s Surface are
pulled apart and gravity causes one section to move
downward in relation to another.
 You can further observe this in this simulation. (play video)

A normal fault develops from tensional stress. The stress that

results when a landscape is rifting or falling apart.
Tensional stress is similar to the force applied in a tug of war.
Friction, which is the force that resists the sliding or rolling of
one object over another will keep the rocks from moving, but
when the forces beneath the earths surface become too much
to handle, it snaps, releases energy and generates
earthquakes.

The Basin and Range Province in North America and the East
African Rift Zone are two notable districts where normal fault
is spreading apart Earth's crust.

In Reverse fault the rock layers in the Earth’s crust is pushed

together and the force pushes one section upward over the
other.
Let’s take a look at this. (Play video)
1. What can you infer from this simulation.
Right!
We can see that a fault is formed when the ground is squeezed
by forces from the inside of the Earth. A portion of the land is
pushed up forming mountains. These faults are normally
found in collision zones where tectonic plates push up
mountain ranges, for example, the Himalayas and the Rocky
Mountains.

In strike-slip fault rocks on the opposite sides of the fault are

sliding past one another on a horizontal plane, with little to no
vertical movement.
This simulation shown earlier shows a strike-slip fault.
The movement of the rocks on the opposite sides of the fault can
be further observed in this animation.
Examples to these are the San Andreas Fault and the Anatolian
Fault.

But how do movements along these type of faults produces

earthquakes. For this, we can perform a simple activity.

1. Prepare two boxes of the same size side by side

2. Attach the rubber band to the paper clip. Punch a whole on
one end of one box and attach the paper clip as shown.
 3. Place the two boxes side by side. Tape them lightly in the
middle and place paper houses at the top of the boxes.
4. Hold the box without the rubber band in place. Slowly and
steadily, pull the rubber band with your other hand as
shown.
Q1. What happened to the two boxes as the rubber band
was continuously pulled?
Excellent! The boxes snapped and one of the boxes jerked
forward.
Q2. What do you think is the fault in this setup?
If your answer is the boundary between the two boxes,
then you are definitely right!

In this activity, the boxes represents the ground, and the

boundary between them represents the fault. The pulling on
the rubber band on the other hand, simulated the forces
underneath the Earth’s surface. The boxes did not move
right away because of tape holding the two boxes together.
The tape represents Friction.

In real sense, the forces underneath the Earth’s surfaces

are exerted on the rocks along the faults in the Earth’s
crust. Friction causes the rocks to get stuck together, but…
when it is overcome, the rocks suddenly snaps and releases
energy causing Earthquakes!

Now that you are familiar with the different types of faults, it’s
movement and the way it causes Earthquakes, Let’s have another
activity.

Activity 2. Describe Me

Directions: Choose the statements in column A that best describe each of

the types of faults shown in Column B. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper or on your science notebooks.
1. Faults are pulling the sides apart. Which among the choices on
column B illustrates description number 1? (1…2…3…)
2. Number 2. Faults are compressional, pushing the sides together.
Please write your answer. (1…2…3)
3. Number 3. Faults have walls that move sideways, not up or down.
(1…2…3…)
Alright. Let’s see if you got the correct answers.

-Number 1, Faults are pulling the sides apart. If your answer is A, you
got it right! Good Job. This is known as the NORMAL FAULT
 -Number 2. Faults are compressional, pushing the sides together.
Awesome! The correct answer is Letter C. This the REVERSE FAULT
-Number 3, Faults have walls that move sideways. Excellent for those
who answered letter B. This fault is known as…. The Strike-slip fault.

YOU DID AN AMAIZING JOB FOR THIS ACTIVITY.

NOW REMEMBER, EVERYTIME A FAULT SLIPS OR MOVES, THE

EARTH, QUAKES!

NOW LET ME ASK, WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR US TO STUDY

EARTHQUAKES?

RIGHT!. Major Earthquakes can cause a lot of damage to life and

property. Most of these damages might require a lot of time, money
and effort to restore. Understanding Earthquakes helps us to better
prepare and respond to these catastrophic events.
No one can stop earthquakes from happening. But there are things that
people can do to avoid or decrease the loss of life and damage to property.

Let us have a self-check!

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your

answers on a separate sheet of paper.
First Question. The stress along the outer layer of the Earth causes the build-up
of energy. What prevents the rocks from releasing this energy?
A. bending of rocks
B. vibration of the rocks
C. friction between rocks
D. energy released by rocks
1.2.3.4..5
The correct is Letter C. Friction prevents the rocks from releasing
energy.

Number 5. What is referred to as the shaking of the Earth’s

surface resulting from the sudden release of energy in the
lithosphere?
A. Earthquake
B. Fault
C. Friction
D. Stress
The correct answer is Letter A. Earthquake!
Moving on to number 3. Which type of fault is described by two
blocks of crust pushing together?
A. Normal
B. Reverse
C. Strike-slip
D. Thrust
The correct Answer is Letter B. Reverse

On to No. 4. What happens to the rocks in a fault slip?

A. They stick together.
B. They slide past each other.
C. There is no movement at all.
D. They suddenly slip and generate earthquake.

The correct answer is letter B. They slide past each other.

And lastly, Number 5. How do faults produce earthquakes?

A. Once friction is overcome, a fault slip produces earthquake.
B. Molten rock materials accumulate and go out along a fault.
C. Tectonic plates collide forming a volcano and causing earthquake.
D. Magma and lava cause the ground to move producing earthquake.

The Correct Answer is Letter A. Once friction is overcome, a fault slip

produces earthquake.

EXCELLENT! YOU DID SUCH AN AMAZING JOB!

I hope you’ve learned a lot from todays session.
Do you have any questions?

And that ends our topic for today.

OUTRO TAC TV