Math Lesson

C.
TEST
A. Use both the roster and the rule methods to specify the sets.
1. The counting number less than 9.

C = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
C = {x/x, N<9}
2. The counting numbers greater than 8 and less than 23.

C = {9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22}
C = {x/x, N 8<x<23}
3. The last 10 letters of the English alphabet.

A = {Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z}
A = {x/x, last 10 letters of the English Alphabet}
4. The vowels in the English alphabet.

V = {a,e,i,o,u}
V = {x/x, vowels in the English Alphabet}
5. The towns and cities in Northern Negros

T = {San Carlos, Calatrava, Toboso, Escalante City, Sagay, Cadiz, Manapla, Victorias, E.B
Magalona, Silay, Talisay City}
T = {x/x towns and cities in Northern Negros}
B. Write on the blank if the pair of sets are equal or equivalent.
Equal 1. P = { the first five positive integers}

Q = { integers between 0 and 6
Equal 2. M = {c, a, r, e}
N = {r, a, c, e}
Equivalent 3. X = {letters in the word Christmas}

Y = {R, E, I, N, D, E, E, R}
Equivalent 4. B = {vowel letters}

C = {m, n, o, p, q}
Equivalent 5. J = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
K = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
C. Let A = {c, d, f, g}, B = {f, j}, and C = {d, g} . Answer each of the following questions.
Give reasons for your answers.
1. Is B  A? No, because element J is not present in set A
2. Is C  C? Yes, because set is a subset itself
3. Is C  A? Yes because the elements in set C are present in set A
4. Is C a proper subset of A? Yes because all existing elements in set C is present also in
set A
D. Answer each of the following questions. Answer this by yes or no
1. Is 3  {1, 2, 3} YES
2. Is 1  { 1 }? NO
3. Is { 2 }  {1, 2}? NO
4. is { 3 }  { 1, { 2 }, { 3} }? YES
5. Is { 1 }  { 1, 2 }? YES
6. Is 1  { { 1 }, 2 }? YES
E. Relations and Functions

1. Which of the following sets of ordered pairs represent functions?
A = {(0,-2), (1,4), (-3,3), (5,0)} FUNCTIONS
B = {(-4,0), (2,-3), (2,-5)} NOT FUNCTION
C = {(-5,1), (2,1), (-3,1), (0,1)} FUNCTION
D = {(3,-4),(3,-2),(0,1),(2,-1)} NOT FUNCTIONS
E = {(1,3)} FUNCTIONS
2. Express the relation {(2,3),(4,7),(6,8)} as a table, as graph, and as a mapping diagram.

Write your answer on the space provided below.
3. Give the domain and range of the relation in number 2.

Domain: {2,4,6}
Range: {3,7,8}
4. Give the domain and range of the relation. Tell whether the relation is a function.
{(3,-2),(5,-1),(4,0),(3,1)}
{(3, -2),(5,-1),(4,0),(3,1)}
 The relation is not function because the domain 3 was repeated and a function
is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one value in
the range and no two ordered pairs have the same x- value but different y-
v(alues.
5. What does the graph illustrates a ____ relation or a ____ function? RELATION
6. What does the graph illustrates, a ____ relation or a ____ function? FUNCTION
7. Determine f(-1) for f(x) = 2x2 + 8
f(x) = 2x2+8
f(-1) = 2(-1)2+8
f(-1) = 2(1)+8
f(-1) = 2+8
f(-1) = 10
8. Evaluate f(x) = 3x3 - 8 + 12x for x = -5

f(x) = 3x3 – 8 + 12x
f(-5) = 3 (-5) – 8 +12 (-5)
f(-5) = 3 (-125) + 12 (-5)-8
f(-5) = -375 – 60 – 8
f(-5) = -443
9. Evaluate f(x) = (6x - 9)/(5x + 2) for x = 3

f(x) = (6x – 9)/(5x +2)
f(3) = (6(3)-9)/(5(3)+2)
f(3) = (18-9)/(15+2)
f(3) = 9/17
10. Determine f(3) for f(x) = 5x – 2

f(x) = 5x – 2
f(3) = 5(3) – 2
f(3) = 15 – 2
f(3) = 13
E. Binary Operations
1. The binary operation * defined on Z by x * y = 1 - 2xy. Show that * is cumulative and

associative.
Solution:
Given x*y = 1 + - 2xy
Binary operation * cumulative,

X * y = 1 – 2xy = 1 – 2yx = y* x
=> x * y + y * x
Binary operation * is not associative on Z.
x * (y*z) = x*(1 – 2yz) = 1 – 2x(1 – 2yz) = 1 – 2x + 4xyz
and (x *y) * z = (1 – 2xy) * z=1 – 2 (1 – 2xy) z = 1 – 2z + 4xyz
=> x * (y*z) ≠ ( x*y) * z
2. The binary operation * defined on Z by x * y = 1 + x + y. Show that * is cumulative and

associative.
Solution
Given x*y = 1+x+y
Binary operation * is cumulative,
x*y = 1+x+y = 1+y+x=y*x
=> x*y = y*x
Binary operation is also answered by associative property.
x*(y*z) = *(1+y+z) = 1+x+1+y+z = 2+x+y+z

(x*Y) * z = (1+x+y) * z+1+1+x+y+z = 2+x+y+z
x*(y*z) = (x*y) * z
3. Operation * is defined on the set { m, a, t, h } as shown in the table below:
a. What is the value of m * a?

m*a=a
b. Is this operation commutative? Explain.

No, it is not commutative. While some of the pairs will commute, not ALL of the pairs
will commute. m * a does not equal a * m. The table is not symmetric with respect to
the diagonal line.
c. What is the identity element? Justify your answer.

No, it is not commutative. While some of the pairs will commute, not ALL of the pairs
will commute. m * a does not equal a * m . The table is not symmetric with respect to
the diagonal line.
d. Find the inverse of each element.
Inverses: The inverse of m is m; the inverse of a is h; the inverse of t is t; and the

inverse of h is a.
First you've got to find out whats the identity element first before you can go ahead
working out whats the inverse. Be able to find it combined with its inverse should be
exactly the same as its inverse combined element got to equal the identity.
e. True or false: TRUE
m * (a * t) = (m * a) * t
m * (a * t) = (m * a) * t
m*a=a*t
a=a
D.ENHANCE
1. Which of the following sets are equal? Set A, C, D, E are equal sets
A = {0, 1, 2}
B = {x R l- 1 ≤ x  3 }
C = {x R l- 1  x  3 }
D = {x Z l- 1  x  3 }
E = {x Z + l- 1  x  3 }
2. Suppose Set A has two elements and set B has three elements.
A. What is the greatest number of elements that A  B can have?
If the set is disjoint, then A ( B has 5 elements in total.
B. What is the least number of elements that A B can have?
If 2 elements are both in A and B, then A ( B has 3 elements.
C. What is the greatest number of elements that A  Bcan have?
If A is a subset of B, A and B has 2 elements.
D. What is the least number of elements that A B can have?
If A and B are disjoint then A intersection B has zero elements.
3. Which of the following functions are increasing? Decreasing?
A. y = 3x + 2 C. y = 7 B.Y = -5x - 9 D. y = 1/2x - 3/4
Increasing A. y = 3x + 2
Decreasing B. y= -5x - 9
Constant Functions C. y = 7
Increasing D. y = 1/2x - ¾
4. Let A be any set containing more than one element. Let ‘*’ be a binary operation on A
defined by a * b = b for all a, b ∈ A Is ‘*’ commutative or associative on A?
Let a, b ∈ A
Then, a * b = b
b*a=a
So, a * b ≠≠ b * a
Therefore, Binary operations * is not commutative on A.
Let a, b, c ∈ A
a * (b * c) = a * c = c
So, a * (b * c) = (c * b) * c ∀a, b, c ∈ A
Therefore, Binary operations * is associative on A.

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C.

1. The counting number less than 9.

2. The counting numbers greater than 8 and less than 23.

3. The last 10 letters of the English alphabet.

4. The vowels in the English alphabet.

5. The towns and cities in Northern Negros

B. Write on the blank if the pair of sets are equal or equivalent.

Equal 1. P = { the first five positive integers}

Equivalent 3. X = {letters in the word Christmas}

Equivalent 4. B = {vowel letters}

D. Answer each of the following questions. Answer this by yes or no

E. Relations and Functions

2. Express the relation {(2,3),(4,7),(6,8)} as a table, as graph, and as a mapping diagram.

3. Give the domain and range of the relation in number 2.

8. Evaluate f(x) = 3x3 - 8 + 12x for x = -5

9. Evaluate f(x) = (6x - 9)/(5x + 2) for x = 3

10. Determine f(3) for f(x) = 5x – 2

1. The binary operation * defined on Z by x * y = 1 - 2xy. Show that * is cumulative and

Binary operation * cumulative,

2. The binary operation * defined on Z by x * y = 1 + x + y. Show that * is cumulative and

x*(y*z) = *(1+y+z) = 1+x+1+y+z = 2+x+y+z

3. Operation * is defined on the set { m, a, t, h } as shown in the table below:

a. What is the value of m * a?

b. Is this operation commutative? Explain.

c. What is the identity element? Justify your answer.

d. Find the inverse of each element.

Inverses: The inverse of m is m; the inverse of a is h; the inverse of t is t; and the

e. True or false: TRUE

A. What is the greatest number of elements that A  B can have?

If the set is disjoint, then A ( B has 5 elements in total.

B. What is the least number of elements that A B can have?

If 2 elements are both in A and B, then A ( B has 3 elements.

C. What is the greatest number of elements that A  Bcan have?

If A is a subset of B, A and B has 2 elements.

D. What is the least number of elements that A B can have?

If A and B are disjoint then A intersection B has zero elements.

3. Which of the following functions are increasing? Decreasing?

A. y = 3x + 2 C. y = 7 B.Y = -5x - 9 D. y = 1/2x - 3/4

Therefore, Binary operations * is not commutative on A.

Therefore, Binary operations * is associative on A.

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x(yz) = *(1+y+z) = 1+x+1+y+z = 2+x+y+z