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    Chapter 10a-2nd Moment of Area (2019 - 2020) E

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    Chapter 10a-2nd Moment of Area (2019 - 2020) E

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    Hawstuff De Hareishnath
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    Chapter 10a-2nd Moment of Area (2019_2020) E

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    23 views30 pages

    Chapter 10a-2nd Moment of Area (2019 - 2020) E

    Uploaded by

    Hawstuff De Hareishnath

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 30

    EMM 101 Engineering Mechanics

    Statics
    Moments of Inertia

    Dr. Ooi Lu Ean

    School of Mechanical Engineering


    Email: ooiluean@usm.my
    Tel: 04-599-6315
    Room: 3.33
    Chapter Objectives

    • Method for determining the moment of inertia for


    an area
    Chapter Outline

    1. Definitions of Moments of Inertia for Areas


    2. Parallel-Axis Theorem for an Area
    3. Radius of Gyration of an Area
    4. Moments of Inertia for Composite Areas
    5. Product of Inertia for an Area
    6. Moments of Inertia for an Area about Inclined Axes
    7. Mohr’s Circle for Moments of Inertia
    8. Mass Moment of Inertia
    10.1 Definition of Moments of Inertia for Areas

    • Centroid for an area is determined by the first moment of


    an area about an axis
    • Second moment of an area is referred as the moment of
    inertia
    • Moment of inertia of an area originates whenever one
    relates the normal stress σ or force per unit area
    10.1 Definition of Moments of Inertia for Areas

    Moment of Inertia
    • Consider area A lying in the x-y plane
    • Be definition, moments of inertia of the differential plane
    area dA about the x and y axes
    dI x  y 2dA dI y  x 2dA
    • For entire area, moments of
    inertia are given by

    I x   y 2dA
    A
    I y   x 2dA
    A
    10.1 Definition of Moments of Inertia for Areas

    Moment of Inertia
    • Formulate the second moment of dA about the pole O or z
    axis
    • This is known as the polar axis
    dJ O  r 2 dA
    where r is perpendicular from the
    pole (z axis) to the element dA
    • Polar moment of inertia for entire area,
    J O   r 2 dA  I x  I y
    A
    10.2 Parallel Axis Theorem for an Area

    • For moment of inertia of an area known about an axis


    passing through its centroid, determine the moment of
    inertia of area about a corresponding parallel axis using
    the parallel axis theorem
    • Consider moment of inertia of the shaded area
    • A differential element dA is
    located at an arbitrary distance y’
    from the centroidal x’ axis
    10.2 Parallel Axis Theorem for an Area

    • The fixed distance between the parallel x and x’ axes


    is defined as dy
    • For moment of inertia of dA about x axis
    dI x   y ' d y  dA
    2

    • For entire area


    I x    y ' d y  dA
    2
    A

      y '2 dA  2d y  y ' dA  d y2  dA
    A A A

    • First integral represent the moment


    of inertia of the area about the centroidal axis
    10.2 Parallel Axis Theorem for an Area

    • Second integral = 0 since x’ passes through the area’s


    centroid C  y' dA  y  dA  0; y  0
    • Third integral represents the total area A
    I x  I x  Ad y2
    • Similarly
    I y  I y  Ad x2

    • For polar moment of inertia about an axis


    perpendicular to the x-y plane and passing through
    pole O (z axis)
    J O  J C  Ad 2
    10.3 Radius of Gyration of an Area

    • Radius of gyration of a planar area has units of length


    and is a quantity used in the design of columns in
    structural mechanics
    • For radii of gyration
    Ix Iy JO
    kx  ky  kz 
    A A A
    • Similar to finding moment of inertia of a differential
    area about an axis

    I x  k x2 A dI x  y 2dA
    Example 10.1

    Determine the moment of inertia for the rectangular area


    with respect to (a) the centroidal x’ axis, (b) the axis xb
    passing through the base of the rectangular, and (c) the
    pole or z’ axis perpendicular to the x’-y’ plane and
    passing through the centroid C.

    I x   y 2 dA I x  I x  Ad y2
    A

    I y   x 2 dA I y  I y  Ad 2
    x
    A

    J O  J C  Ad 2
    Solution

    Part (a)
    Differential element chosen,
    distance y’ from x’ axis.
    Since dA = b dy’,
    h/2 h/2 1 3
    I x   y' dA   y' (bdy' )  b  y' dy'  bh
    2 2 2
    A h / 2 h / 2 12
    Part (b)
    By applying parallel axis theorem,
    2
    1 3 h 1 3
    I xb  I x  Ad  bh  bh   bh
    2

    12 2 3
    Solution

    Part (c)
    For polar moment of inertia about point C,

    1 3
    I y '  hb
    12
    1
    J C  I x  I y '  bh(h 2  b 2 )
    12
    10.4 Moments of Inertia for Composite Areas

    • Composite area consist of a series of connected


    simpler parts or shapes
    • Moment of inertia of the composite area = algebraic
    sum of the moments of inertia of all its parts

    Procedure for Analysis


    Composite Parts
    • Divide area into its composite parts and indicate the
    centroid of each part to the reference axis
    Parallel Axis Theorem
    • Moment of inertia of each part is determined about its
    centroidal axis
    10.4 Moments of Inertia for Composite Areas

    Procedure for Analysis


    Parallel Axis Theorem
    • When centroidal axis does not coincide with the
    reference axis, the parallel axis theorem is used
    Summation
    • Moment of inertia of the entire area about the
    reference axis is determined by summing the results
    of its composite parts
    Example 10.4

    Compute the moment of inertia of the composite area


    about the x axis.
    Solution

    Composite Parts
    Composite area obtained by subtracting the circle form
    the rectangle.
    Centroid of each area is located in the figure below.
    Solution

    Parallel Axis Theorem


    Circle
    I x  I x '  Ad y2

      25   25 75  11.4 106 mm4


    1
    4
    4 2 2
     
    Rectangle
    I x  I x '  Ad y2


    1
    12
     
    1001503  100150752  112.5 106 mm4
    Solution

    Summation
    For moment of inertia for the composite area,
       
    I x  11.4 106  112.5 106
     
     101 106 mm4

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