1 - Learning Activity For Lab. Ex. #2

Julian Andrei A.
Padre
BSES 2-1
Date of Submission : 9:15 pm February 15
Soil Consistency Test for Upper and Lower horizon

Consistency
Master
Depth Wet
Horizon
(cm) Dry
Symbol Stickiness Plasticity
Upper 9cm Non- Non-

horizon Sticky Plastic Very
A-horizon Friable
Sticky
Lower 30cm Plastic Firm
horizon
B-horizon
Discussion
The Upper Horizon in my sample is very friable, not sticky and
plastic while the bottom side of the sample it has firm and sticky
texture.
Conclusion
In every sample that I encounter the upper horizon is very thin
that can dig with our bare hands while the second layer which is the
Lower horizon, the texture is very sticky and wet and it has thick
layer in the sample area.
Reference
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75ezaFmnmd4
Julian Andrei A. Padre
BSES 2-1
Determine whether the following pedogenic processes are classified as
(A) addition, (L) losses, (Tl) translocation or (Tf) transformation.
Categorizati Categorizati
Process Process
on on
1. Elluviation Tl 1. Littering Tl
2. Leaching L 2. Mineralizati Tf
on
3. Calcificati A 3. Braunificati L
on on
4. Lessivage Tl 4. Pedoturbatio Tf
n
5. Melanizatio Tf 5. Cumulization A
n .
2. Give the specific description of the following horizon symbol
 Ap
Topsoil distributed by ploughing. Grayish-brown (10YR 5/2)
silt loam, very dark greyish-brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak
fine granular structure; slight hard, friable.
 2Btg2
51 to 71 centimetres; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay;
moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate
medium angular blocky; very firm: few fine roots; common
distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds.
 A/B
Zone of mixing between A and B horizons, frequently caused
by worms.
 Btgb
55 to 65 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam;
weak very coarse prismatic parting to weak medium subangular
blocky structure; friable; many medium black and brown
stains; few fine pores and voids; few faint clay films in
pores, voids, and on faces of some peds.
 5Btgcm
B horizons are mineral that typically formed below an A, V,
E or O horizon. T is accumulation of silicate clay. This
symbol indicates an accumulation of silicate clay that
either has formed within a horizon and subsequently has been
translocated within the horizon or that has been moved into
the horizon by illuviation or both g is the strong greying.
BSES 2-1
Define the following terms
Toposequence- A sequence of soils in which distinctive soil
characteristics are related to topographic situation.
Biosequence- A sequence of soils that contain distinctly different
soil horizons because of the influence that vegetation had on the
soils during their development.
Climosequence- sequences of soils whose variations are caused by
differences in climatic conditions
Lithosequence- A sequence of soils where the changing character of the
soil is related to, or caused by, the changing lithology of rocks and
superficial mineral deposits.
Chronosequence- a genetically related suite of soils in which
vegetation, topography, and climate are similar
Assume a level area of granite rock was the parent material in

both cases, describe in general terms how you would expect two soil
profiles to differ, one in warm, semiarid grassland and the other in a
cool, humid coniferous forest?
 Granite is an igneous rock, more specifically an intrusive

igneous rock, and it weathers slowly. A wet pine forest is
one in which the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is
high and trees grow closer together, requiring more
nutrients for each plant. Because the parent material of the
soil profile in a warm, semi-arid grassland location is
granite, it will be insufficient for the plants to grow in.
Despite the fact that it contains minerals such as feldspar
and quartz and is parent material to grassland, it will
weather at a faster rate than usual due to the climate. The
humid pine forest, on the other hand, will weather slowly
because granite is an intrusive igneous rock that cools
quickly and does not have enough minerals to maintain a
plant's production and presence.
Imagine a soil pit dug in a vacant field in an old city industrial
area. The following horizons were observed;
 19 cm of dark colored organic enriched loamy material with

nails and broken glass embedded on it,
 31 cm of sandy loam with bits of red bricks, some broken
glass, some rusting metal pieces and rust red and yellow
stains on most of the sand grain surfaces giving the layer a
yellow-red color,
 15 cm of dark brown silt loam material rich in organic
matter with an abrupt boundary to,
 50 cm of light brown silty clay loam material with clay
coatings in cracks between blocky chunks of soil material
 Draw this profile in a simple diagram and label the four
layers with master horizon symbol and subhorizon letters and
other appropriate symbols to indicate your best
interpretation of soil formation at the site
BSES 2-1

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Julian Andrei A.

Soil Consistency Test for Upper and Lower horizon

Upper 9cm Non- Non-

2. Give the specific description of the following horizon symbol

Assume a level area of granite rock was the parent material in

 Granite is an igneous rock, more specifically an intrusive

 19 cm of dark colored organic enriched loamy material with

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