Part-FCL Question Bank

BPL
Acc. (EU) 1178/2011
and
AMC FCL.115, .120, 210, .215

(Excerpt)

30 – Meteorology
 30 Meteorology ECQB-BPL

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1 What clouds and weather may result from an humid and instable air mass, that is
pushed against a chain of mountains by the predominant wind and forced to rise?
(1,00 P.)
 Embedded CB with thunderstorms and showers of hail and/or rain.
 Overcast low stratus (high fog) with no precipitation.
 Smooth, unstructured NS cloud with light drizzle or snow (during winter).
 Thin Altostratus and Cirrostratus clouds with light and steady precipitation.

2 What type of fog emerges if humid and almost saturated air, is forced to rise upslope
of hills or shallow mountains by the prevailling wind? (1,00 P.)
 Orographic fog
 Radiation fog
 Steaming fog
 Advection fog

3 What is the gas composition of "air"? (1,00 P.)

 Oxygen 78 %
Water vapour 21 %
Nitrogen 1 %
 Oxygen 21 %
Water vapour 78 %
Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 %
 Nitrogen 21 %
Oxygen 78 %
Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 %
 Oxygen 21 %
Nitrogen 78 %
Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 %

4 Weather phenomena are most common to be found in which atmospheric layer? (1,00
P.)
 Thermosphere
 Troposphere
 Tropopause
 Stratosphere

5 What is the mass of a "cube of air" with the edges 1 m long, at MSL according ISA?
(1,00 P.)
 0,1225 kg
 12,25 kg
 0,01225 kg
 1,225 kg

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6 At what rate does the temperature change with increasing height according to ISA
(ICAO Standard Atmosphere) within the troposphere? (1,00 P.)
 Increases by 2° C / 1000 ft
 Decreases by 2° C / 100 m
 Decreases by 2° C / 1000 ft
 Increases by 2° C / 100 m

7 What is the mean height of the tropopause according to ISA

(ICAO Standard Atmosphere)? (1,00 P.)
 36000 m
 11000 ft
 11000 m
 18000 ft

8 The term "tropopause" is defined as... (1,00 P.)

 the layer above the troposphere showing an increasing temperature.
 the height above which the temperature starts to decrease.
 the boundary area between the mesosphere and the stratosphere.
 the boundary area between the troposphere and the stratosphere.

9 Temperatures will be given by meteorological aviation services in Europe in which

unit? (1,00 P.)
 Degrees Centigrade (° C)
 Degrees Fahrenheit
 Gpdam
 Kelvin

10 What is meant by "inversion layer"? (1,00 P.)

 An atmospheric layer where temperature increases with increasing height
 A boundary area between two other layers within the atmosphere
 An atmospheric layer with constant temperature with increasing height
 An atmospheric layer where temperature decreases with increasing height

11 What is meant by "isothermal layer"? (1,00 P.)

 A boundary area between two other layers within the atmosphere
 An atmospheric layer where temperature decreases with increasing height
 An atmospheric layer where temperature increases with increasing height
 An atmospheric layer with constant temperature with increasing height

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12 The temperature lapse rate with increasing height within the troposphere according
ISA is... (1,00 P.)
 1° C / 100 m.
 0,6° C / 100 m.
 3° C / 100 m.
 0,65° C / 100 m.

13 Which process may result in an inversion layer at about 5000 ft (1500 m) height? (1,00
P.)
 Intensive sunlight insolation during a warm summer day
 Ground cooling by radiation during the night
 Advection of cool air in the upper troposphere
 Widespread descending air within a high pressure area

14 An inversion layer close to the ground can be caused by... (1,00 P.)
 ground cooling during the night.
 large-scale lifting of air.
 thickening of clouds in medium layers.
 intensifying and gusting winds.

15 What is the ISA standard pressure at FL 180 (5500 m)? (1,00 P.)
 500 hPa
 1013.25 hPa
 300 hPa
 250 hPa

16 Which processes result in decreasing air density? (1,00 P.)

 Increasing temperature, increasing pressure
 Decreasing temperature, decreasing pressure
 Increasing temperature, decreasing pressure
 Decreasing temperature, increasing pressure

17 The pressure at MSL in ISA conditions is... (1,00 P.)

 1013.25 hPa.
 113.25 hPa.
 1123 hPa.
 15 hPa.

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18 The barometric altimeter indicates height above... (1,00 P.)

 mean sea level.
 ground.
 a selected reference pressure level.
 standard pressure 1013.25 hPa.

19 The altimeter can be checked on the ground by setting... (1,00 P.)

 QNE and checking that the indication shows zero on the ground.
 QFF and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation.
 QNH and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation.
 QFE and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation.

20 The barometric altimeter with QNH setting indicates... (1,00 P.)

 height above the pressure level at airfield elevation.
 height above standard pressure 1013.25 hPa.
 true altitude above MSL.
 height above MSL.

21 How can wind speed and wind direction be derived from surface weather charts? (1,00
P.)
 By annotations from the text part of the chart
 By alignment of lines of warm- and cold fronts.
 By alignment and distance of isobaric lines
 By alignment and distance of hypsometric lines

22 Which force causes "wind"? (1,00 P.)

 Thermal force
 Pressure gradient force
 Coriolis force
 Centrifugal force

23 Above the friction layer, with a prevailing pressure gradient, the wind direction is...
(1,00 P.)
 at an angle of 30° to the isobars towards low pressure.
 perpendicular to the isobars.
 parallel to the isobars.
 perpendicular to the isohypses.

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24 Which of the stated surfaces will reduce the wind speed most due to ground friction?
(1,00 P.)
 Flat land, lots of vegetation cover
 Oceanic areas
 Mountainous areas, vegetation cover
 Flat land, deserted land, no vegetation

25 The movement of air flowing together is called... (1,00 P.)

 subsidence.
 convergence.
 divergence.
 soncordence.

26 The movement of air flowing apart is called... (1,00 P.)

 divergence.
 concordence.
 convergence.
 subsidence.

27 What weather development will result from convergence at ground level? (1,00 P.)
 Ascending air and cloud formation
 Ascending air and cloud dissipation
 Descending air and cloud formation
 Descending air and cloud dissipation

28 When air masses meet each other head on, how is this referred to and what air
movements will follow? (1,00 P.)
 Divergence resulting in air being lifted
 Convergence resulting in air being lifted
 Convergence resulting in sinking air
 Divergence resulting in sinking air

29 What are the air masses that Central Europe is mainly influenced by? (1,00 P.)
 Equatorial and tropical warm air
 Polar cold air and tropical warm air
 Tropical and arctic cold air
 Arctic and polar cold air

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30 With regard to global circulation within the atmosphere, where does polar cold air
meets subtropical warm air? (1,00 P.)
 At the subtropical high pressure belt
 At the equator
 At the polar front
 At the geographic poles

31 "Foehn" conditions usually develop with... (1,00 P.)

 instability, widespread air blown against a mountain ridge.
 stability, widespread air blown against a mountain ridge.
 stability, high pressure area with calm wind.
 instability, high pressure area with calm wind.

32 What type of turbulence is typically found close to the ground on the lee side during
Foehn conditions? (1,00 P.)
 Clear-air turbulence (CAT)
 Turbulence in rotors
 Inversion turbulence
 Thermal turbulence

33 Light turbulence always has to be expected... (1,00 P.)

 when entering inversions.
 above cumulus clouds due to thermal convection.
 below cumulus clouds due to thermal convection.
 below stratiform clouds in medium layers.

34 Moderate to severe turbulence has to be expected... (1,00 P.)

 on the lee side of a mountain range when rotor clouds are present.
 below thick cloud layers on the windward side of a mountain range.
 with the appearance of extended low stratus clouds (high fog).
 overhead unbroken cloud layers.

35 Which answer contains every state of water found in the atmosphere? (1,00 P.)
 Liquid, solid, and gaseous
 Gaseous and liquid
 Liquid and solid
 Liquid

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36 How do dew point and relative humidity change with decreasing temperature? (1,00
P.)
 Dew point increases, relative humidity decreases
 Dew point remains constant, relative humidity decreases
 Dew point remains constant, relative humidity increases
 Dew point decreases, relative humidity increases

37 How do spread and relative humidity change with increasing temperature? (1,00 P.)
 Spread increases, relative humidity increases
 Spread remains constant, relative humidity increases
 Spread remains constant, relative humidity decreases
 Spread increases, relative humidity decreases

38 The "spread" is defined as... (1,00 P.)

 difference between dew point and condensation point.
 relation of actual to maximum possible humidity of air.
 difference between actual temperature and dew point.
 maximum amount of water vapour that can be contained in air.

39 With other factors remaining constant, decreasing temperature results in... (1,00 P.)
 decreasing spread and decreasing relative humidity.
 decreasing spread and increasing relative humidity.
 increasing spread and decreasing relative humidity.
 increasing spread and increasing relative humidity.

40 What process causes latent heat being released into the upper troposphere? (1,00 P.)
 Descending air across widespread areas
 Cloud forming due to condensation
 Evaporation over widespread water areas
 Stabilisation of inflowing air masses

41 The saturated adiabatic lapse rate is... (1,00 P.)

 proportional to the dry adiabatic lapse rate.
 higher than the dry adiabatic lapse rate.
 lower than the dry adiabatic lapse rate.
 equal to the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

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42 The dry adiabatic lapse rate has a value of... (1,00 P.)
 1,0° C / 100 m.
 0,6° C / 100 m.
 0,65° C / 100 m.
 2° / 1000 ft.

43 The saturated adiabatic lapse rate should be assumed with a mean value of: (1,00 P.)
 2° C / 1000 ft.
 1,0° C / 100 m.
 0,6° C / 100 m.
 0° C / 100 m.

44 What weather conditions may be expected during conditionally unstable conditions?

(1,00 P.)
 Towering cumulus, isolated showers of rain or thunderstorms
 Layered clouds up to high levels, prolonged rain or snow
 Shallow cumulus clouds with base at medium levels
 Sky clear of clouds, sunshine, low winds

45 Which conditions are likely for the formation of advection fog? (1,00 P.)
 Cold, humid air moves over a warm ocean
 Humidity evaporates from warm, humid ground into cold air
 Warm, humid air cools during a cloudy night
 Warm, humid air moves over a cold surface

46 Clouds are basically distinguished by what types? (1,00 P.)

 Cumulus and stratiform clouds
 Layered and lifted clouds
 Thunderstorm and shower clouds
 Stratiform and ice clouds

47 Clouds in high layers are referred to as... (1,00 P.)

 Strato-.
 Alto-.
 Cirro-.
 Nimbo-.

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48 What weather phenomenon designated by "2" has to be expected on the lee side
during "Foehn" conditions?

See figure (MET-001). (1,00 P.)

Siehe Anlage 1
 Cumulonimbus
 Altocumulus Castellanus
 Nimbostratus
 Altocumulus lenticularis

49 What cloud type does the picture show?

See figure (MET-002). (1,00 P.)

Siehe Anlage 2
 Altus
 Stratus
 Cumulus
 Cirrus

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50 What cloud type does the picture show?

See figure (MET-004). (1,00 P.)

Siehe Anlage 3
 Cirrus
 Altocumulus
 Stratus
 Cumulus

51 What factor may affect the top of cumulus clouds? (1,00 P.)
 The spread
 Relative humidity
 The absolute humidity
 The presence of an inversion layer

52 What factors may indicate a tendency to fog formation? (1,00 P.)

 Low pressure, increasing temperature
 Strong winds, decreasing temperature
 Low spread, increasing temperature
 Low spread, decreasing temperature

53 What condition may prevent the formation of "radiation fog"? (1,00 P.)
 Overcast cloud cover
 Clear night, no clouds
 Low spread
 Calm wind

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54 What process results in the formation of "advection fog"? (1,00 P.)

 Warm, moist air is moved across cold ground areas
 Cold, moist air is being moved across warm ground areas
 Prolonged radiation during nights clear of clouds
 Cold, moist air mixes with warm, moist air

55 What process results in the formation of "orographic fog" ("hill fog")? (1,00 P.)
 Prolonged radiation during nights clear of clouds
 Warm, moist air is moved across a hill or a mountain range
 Evaporation from warm, moist ground area into very cold air
 Cold, moist air mixes with warm, moist air

56 What factors are required for the formation of precipitation in clouds? (1,00 P.)
 High humidity and high temperatures
 The presence of an inversion layer
 Calm winds and intensive sunlight insolation
 Moderate to strong updrafts

57 The formation of medium to large precipitation particles requires... (1,00 P.)

 an inversion layer.
 a high cloud base.
 strong wind.
 strong updrafts.

58 Which type of cloud is associated with prolonged rain? (1,00 P.)

 Cirrostratus
 Altocumulus
 Cumulonimbus
 Nimbostratus

59 Regarding the type of cloud, precipitation is classified as... (1,00 P.)

 light and heavy precipitation.
 rain and showers of rain.
 showers of snow and rain.
 prolonged rain and continuous rain.

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60 How is an air mass described when moving to Central Europe via the Russian
continent during winter? (1,00 P.)
 Continental polar air
 Continental tropical air
 Maritime tropical air
 Maritime polar air

61 The character of an air mass is given by what properties? (1,00 P.)

 Wind speed and tropopause height
 Environmental lapse rate at origin
 Temperatures at origin and present region
 Region of origin and track during movement

62 The symbol labeled (1) as shown in the picture is a / an...

See figure (MET-005)

(1,00 P.)

Siehe Anlage 4
 front aloft.
 cold front.
 occlusion.
 warm front.

63 The symbol labeled (2) as shown in the picture is a / an...

See figure (MET-005) (1,00 P.)

Siehe Anlage 4
 front aloft.
 cold front.
 occlusion.
 warm front.

64 The symbol labeled (3) as shown in the picture is a / an...

See figure (MET-005) (1,00 P.)

Siehe Anlage 4
 occlusion.
 cold front.
 warm front.
 front aloft.

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65 What cloud sequence can typically be observed during the passage of a warm front?
(1,00 P.)
 Squall line with showers of rain and thunderstorms (Cb), gusting wind followed by cumulus
clouds with isolated showers of rain
 Wind becoming calm, dissipation of clouds and warming during summer; formation of extended
high fog layers during winter
 Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain,
nimbostratus
 In coastal areas during daytime wind from the coast and forming of cumulus clouds, dissipation
of clouds during evening and night

66 What clouds and weather can typically be observed during the passage of a cold
front? (1,00 P.)
 Strongly developed cumulus clouds (Cb) with showers of rain and thunderstorms, gusting wind
followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain
 Wind becoming calm, dissipation of clouds and warming during summer; formation of extended
high fog layers during winter
 Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain,
nimbostratus
 In coastal areas during daytime wind from the coast and forming of cumulus clouds, dissipation
of clouds during evening and night

67 What visual flight conditions can be expected within the warm sector of a polar front
low during summer time? (1,00 P.)
 Visibilty less than 1000 m, cloud-covered ground
 Moderate to good visibility, scattered clouds
 Moderate visibility, heavy showers and thunderstorms

 Good visibility, some isolated high clouds

68 What visual flight conditions can be expected after the passage of a cold front? (1,00
P.)
 Poor visibility, formation of overcast or ground-covering stratus clouds, snow
 Medium visibility with lowering cloud bases, onset of prolonged precipitation
 Good visiblity, formation of cumulus clouds with showers of rain or snow
 Scattered cloud layers, visbility more than 5 km, formation of shallow cumulus clouds

69 A boundary between a cold polar air mass and a warm subtropical air mass showing
no horizontal displacement is called... (1,00 P.)
 warm front.
 occluded front.
 cold front.
 stationary front.

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70 What is the usual direction of movement of a polar front low? (1,00 P.)
 To the northeast during winter, to the southeast during summer
 Parallel to the the warm-sector isobars
 To the northwest during winter, to the southwest during summer
 Parallel to the warm front line to the south

71 What pressure pattern can be observed during the passage of a polar front low? (1,00
P.)
 Falling pressure in front of the warm front,
constant pressure within the warm sector,
falling pressure behind the cold front
 Falling pressure in front of the warm front,
constant pressure within the warm sector,
rising pressure behind the cold front
 Rising pressure in front of the warm front,
constant pressure within the warm sector,
rising pressure behind the cold front
 Rising pressure in front of the warm front,
rising pressure within the warm sector,
falling pressure behind the cold front

72 What pressure pattern can be observed when a cold front is passing? (1,00 P.)
 Continually decreasing pressure
 Shortly decreasing, thereafter increasing pressure
 Constant pressure pattern
 Continually increasing pressure

73 What change of wind direction can be expected during the passage of a polar front
low in Central Europe? (1,00 P.)
 Backing wind during passage of the warm front,
veering wind during passage of the cold front
 Backing wind during passage of the warm front,
backing wind during passage of the cold front
 Veering wind during passage of the warm front,
backing wind during passage of the cold front
 Veering wind during passage of the warm front,
veering wind during passage of the cold front

74 What cloud type can typically be observed across widespread high pressure areas
during summer? (1,00 P.)
 Squall lines and thunderstorms
 Overcast low stratus
 Overcast Ns clouds
 Scattered Cu clouds

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75 What pressure pattern may result from cold-air inflow in high tropospheric layers?
(1,00 P.)
 Formation of a low in the upper troposphere
 Formation of a large ground low
 Alternating pressure
 Formation of a high in the upper troposphere

76 Cold air inflow in high tropospheric layers may result in... (1,00 P.)
 stabilisation and calm weather.
 showers and thunderstorms.
 calm weather and cloud dissipation.
 frontal weather.

77 What weather phenomena have to be expected around an upper-level trough? (1,00 P.)
 Formation of high stratus clouds, ground-covering cloud bases
 Calm weather, formation of lifted fog layers
 Development of showers and thunderstorms (Cb)
 Calm wind, forming of shallow cumulus clouds

78 What frontal line divides subtropical air from polar cold air, in particular across
Central Europe? (1,00 P.)
 Polar front
 Warm front
 Cold front
 Occlusion

79 What weather conditions can be expected in high pressure areas during summer?
(1,00 P.)
 Changing weather with passing of frontal lines
 Squall lines and thunderstorms
 Calm winds and widespread areas with high fog
 Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu

80 What weather conditions in Central Europe are typically found in high pressure areas
during summer? (1,00 P.)
 Small isobar spacing with strong prevailing northerly winds
 Large isobar spacing with calm winds, formation of local wind systems
 Large isobar spacing with strong prevailing westerly winds
 Small isobar spacing with calm winds, formation of local wind systems

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81 What weather conditions can be expected in high pressure areas during winter? (1,00
P.)
 Squall lines and thunderstorms
 Changing weather with passing of frontal lines
 Calm winds and widespread areas with high fog
 Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu

82 What wind conditions can be expected in areas showing large distances between
isobars? (1,00 P.)
 Formation of local wind systems with strong prevailing westerly winds
 Strong prevailing westerly winds with rapid veering
 Variable winds, formation of local wind systems
 Strong prevailing easterly winds with rapid backing

83 What weather conditions can be expected during "Foehn" on the windward side of a
mountain range? (1,00 P.)
 Layered clouds, mountains obscured, poor visibility, moderate or heavy rain
 Scattered cumulus clouds with showers and thunderstorms
 Calm wind and forming of high stratus clouds (high fog)
 Dissipating clouds with unusual warming, accompanied by strong, gusty winds

84 What situation may result in the occurrence of severe wind shear? (1,00 P.)
 When a shower is visible close to the airfield
 Cross-country flying below Cu clouds with about 4 octas coverage
 During final approach, 30 min after a heavy shower has passed the airfield
 Flying ahead of a warm front with visible Ci clouds

85 What conditions are favourable for the formation of thunderstorms? (1,00 P.)
 Warm and dry air, strong inversion layer
 Clear night over land, cold air and patches of fog
 Calm winds and cold air, overcast cloud cover with St or As.
 Warm humid air, conditionally unstable environmental lapse rate

86 What conditions are mandatory for the formation of thermal thunderstorms? (1,00 P.)
 Absolutely stable atmosphere, high temperature and high humidity
 Absolutely stable atmosphere, high temperature and low humidity
 Conditionally unstable atmosphere, high temperature and high humidity
 Conditionally unstable atmosphere, low temperature and low humidity

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87 With regard to thunderstorms, strong up- and downdrafts appear during the... (1,00 P.)
 mature stage.
 dissipating stage.
 thunderstorm stage.
 initial stage.

88 Which stage of a thunderstorm is dominated by updrafts? (1,00 P.)

 Upwind stage
 Cumulus stage
 Mature stage
 Dissipating stage

89 Heavy downdrafts and strong wind shear close to the ground can be expected... (1,00
P.)
 during approach to an airfield at the coast with a strong sea breeze.
 during cold, clear nights with the formation of radiation fog.
 during warm summer days with high, flatted Cu clouds.
 near the rainfall areas of heavy showers or thunderstorms.

90 What phenomenon is caused by cold air downdrafts with precipitation from a fully
developed thunderstorm cloud? (1,00 P.)
 Freezing Rain
 Gust front
 Electrical discharge
 Anvil-head top of Cb cloud

91 What kind of reduction in visibility is not very sensitive to changes in temperature?

(1,00 P.)
 Haze (HZ)
 Radiation fog (FG)
 Mist (BR)
 Patches of fog (BCFG)

92 Information about pressure patterns and frontal situation can be found in which chart?
(1,00 P.)
 surface weather chart.
 hypsometric chart.
 wind chart.
 Significant Weather Chart (SWC).

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93 Which weather chart shows the actual air pressure as in MSL along with pressure
centers and fronts? (1,00 P.)
 Wind chart
 Hypsometric chart
 Prognostic chart
 Surface weather chart

94 What information can be obtained from satallite images? (1,00 P.)

 Flight visibility, ground visibility, and ground contact
 Overview of cloud covers and front lines
 Turbulence and icing
 Temperature and dew point of environmental air

95 What chart shows areas of precipitation? (1,00 P.)

 Radar picture
 GAFOR
 Wind chart
 Satellite picture

96 Measured pressure distribution in MSL and corresponding frontal systems are

displayed by the... (1,00 P.)
 Significant Weather Chart (SWC).
 prognostic chart.
 surface weather chart.
 hypsometric chart.

97 In a METAR, "heavy rain" is designated by the identifier... (1,00 P.)

 RA.
 +SHRA.
 +RA.
 SHRA.

98 In a METAR, "(moderate) showers of rain" are designated by the identifier... (1,00 P.)
 +TSRA.
 TS.
 SHRA.
 +RA.

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99 An inversion is a layer ... (1,00 P.)

 with increasing pressure with increasing height.
 with increasing temperature with increasing height.
 with constant temperature with increasing height.
 with decreasing temperature with increasing height.

100 What can be expected for the prevailling wind with isobars on a surface weather chart
showing large distances? (1,00 P.)
 Low pressure gradients resulting in low prevailling wind
 Strong pressure gradients resulting in strong prevailling wind
 Strong pressure gradients resulting in low prevailling wind
 Low pressure gradients resulting in strong prevailling wind

101 What is referred to as mountain wind? (1,00 P.)

 Wind blowing uphill from the valley during daytime.
 Wind blowing uphill from the valley during the night.
 Wind blowing down the mountain side during daytime.
 Wind blowing down the mountain side during the night

102 Under which conditions "back side weather" ("Rückseitenwetter") can be expected?
(1,00 P.)
 During Foehn at the lee side
 before passing of an occlusion

 After passing of a warm front

 After passing of a cold front

103 What wind is reportet as 225/15 ? (1,00 P.)

 north-east wind with 15 km/h
 south-west wind with 15 km/h
 south-west wind with 15 kt
 north-east wind with 15 kt

104 How does air temperatur change in ISA from MSL to approx. 10.000 m height? (1,00 P.)
 from +30° to -40°C
 from -15° to 50°C
 from +15° to -50°C
 from +20° to -40°C

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105 What weather is likely to be experienced during "Foehn" in the Bavarian area close to
the alps? (1,00 P.)
 High pressure area overhead Biskaya and low pressure area in Eastern Europe
 Nimbostratus cloud in the southern alps, rotor clouds at the lee side, warm and dry wind
 Cold, humid downhill wind on the lee side of the alps, flat pressure pattern
 Nimbostratus cloud in the northern alps, rotor clouds at the windward side, warm and dry wind

106 Mountain side updrafts can be intensified by ... (1,00 P.)

 Solar irradiation on the lee side
 thermal radiation of the windward side during the night
 Solar irradiation on the windward side
 By warming of upper atmospheric layers

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