Solid State Relays

AQ1 RELAYS
High capacity up to 10 A PC board terminal type
FEATURES
● 1
 0 A high capacity realized for PC board
terminal ( when using heat sink )
● V
 ertical types with SIL terminal arrangement
● B
 uilt-in snubber circuit prevents malfunction
due to noise.
● Safety standards
• C-UL ( UL508 ) certified
• VDE ( EN62368-1 ) reinforced insulation certified

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
● Printing machines
● Terminal equipment of data processing
● NC machines
● Packing machines
● Automatic ticket punchers

ORDERING INFORMATION ( PART NO. : Ordering part number for Japanese market)

AQ 1

Type Load current/Load voltage Control voltage

2: Zero-cross AC output (Vertical type) 0: 10 A 75 to 250 Vrms 8: 4 to 32V DC
6: Random AC output (Vertical type)* 9: 3 A 75 to 250 Vrms

* Random types are available by custom order.

ORDERING INFORMATION ( TYPE NO. : Ordering part number for non Japanese market)

AQ

Load voltage Type Control voltage

2: 75 to 250 Vrms ZT: Zero-cross AC output 4/32 V DC: 4 to 32 V DC
T: Random AC output*

Load current Shape

3 A, 10 A Nil: Vertical type

* Random types are available by custom order.

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Solid State Relays AQ1 RELAYS

TYPES

" Type No. " is ordering part number for non Japanese market. " Part No. " is ordering part number for Japanese market.

■ AQ1 Solid State Relays

Zero-cross Load Control Standard
Load Isolation Type Load voltage Type No. Part No.
method current voltage Packing
Phototriac Vertical 3A 75 to 250 Vrms 4 to 32 V DC AQ3A2-ZT4/32VDC AQ1298 Carton: 20 pcs.
AC Zero-cross*1
coupler Vertical 10 A*2 75 to 250 Vrms 4 to 32 V DC AQ10A2-ZT4/32VDC AQ1208 Case: 200 pcs.
*1: Random method also available. Please contact our sales representative.
*2: 5 A without heat sink

■ Heat sink for AQ1 solid state relay

Product name Part No. Standard Packing
Carton: 20 pcs.
Heat sink for solid state relay AQ1 ( for AQ1208 ) AQ1802
Case: 200 pcs.

SPECIFICATIONS

■ Rating ( Ambient temperature: 20℃, Ripple factor: less than 1% )

Part No.
AQ1298 AQ1208 Remarks
Item
Control voltage 4 to 32 V DC
Input side

Input impedance −
*1
Input current, max. 20 mA
Drop-out voltage Min. 1.0 V
Max. load current 3A 10 A*5
*2
Load voltage 75 to 250 Vrms
Load side

Frequency 45 to 65 Hz
Non-repetitive surge current*3 100 A AC: In one cycle at 60 Hz
"OFF-state" leakage current Max. 5 mA AC: at 200 V, 60 Hz
"ON-state" voltage drop Max. 1.6 V At Max. carrying current
Min. load current*4 50 mA
*1: Refer to REFERENCE DATA "3. Input current vs. input voltage characteristics".
*2: Refer to REFERENCE DATA "1. Load current vs. ambient temperature characteristics".
*3: Refer to REFERENCE DATA "2. Non-repetitive surge current vs. carrying time".
*4: When load current is below the rating, refer to "Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays".
*5: When heat sink ( AQ1802 ) is installed. The max. load current is 5 A when heat sink is not installed.

■ Characteristics ( Ambient temperature: 20℃, Ripple factor: less than 1% )

Part No.
AQ1298 AQ1208 Remarks
Item
Operate time Max. 1/2 cycle of voltage sine wave +1 ms
Release time Max. 1/2 cycle of voltage sine wave +1 ms
Insulation resistance Min. 100 MΩ between input, output and case at 500 V DC
4,000 Vrms between input and output
Breakdown voltage For 1 minute
2,500 Vrms between input, output and case
Vibration Destructive 10 to 55 Hz at double amplitude of 2 mm 1 hour for X, Y, Z axis
resistance Functional 10 to 55 Hz at double amplitude of 2 mm 10 minutes for X, Y, Z axis
Shock Destructive Min. 980 m/s2 ( 100 G ) 5 times each for X, Y, Z axis
resistance Functional Min. 980 m/s2 ( 100 G ) 4 times each for X, Y, Z axis
Ambient temperature -30 to +80℃ Non-icing and non-condensing
Storage temperature -30 to +100℃ Non-icing and non-condensing
Operational method Zero-cross ( Turn-ON and Turn-OFF )

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 Solid State Relays AQ1 RELAYS

REFERENCE DATA

1-1. L
 oad current vs. ambient 1-2. L
 oad current vs. ambient temperature
temperature characteristics characteristics
( 3A Type ) ( 10A Type )
Part No.: AQ1298 Part No.: AQ1208
Allowable ambient temperature: –30 to +80°C Tested condition:
When attached to a heat sink, use a heat conductive compound.
5 (Ex. Momentive Performance Materials Inc. YG6111 or TSK5303) of 10
similar coating to improve cooling.
When not using a heat sink
4 8
Load current, A

Load current, A
3 6
When using a standard heat sink AQ1802

2 4

1 2

0 0
-30 0 20 40 60 80 100 -30 0 20 40 60 80 100
Ambient temperature, °C Ambient temperature, °C

2. N
 on-repetitive surge current vs. 3. Input current vs. input voltage
carrying time* ( 3A and 10A Types ) characteristics ( 3 A and 10 A types )
Part No.: AQ1298 and AQ1208 Part No.: AQ1298 and AQ1208
Ambient temperature: 20°C
125 25
Non-repetitive surge current, A

100 20
Input current, mA

75 15

50 10

25 5

0 0
1 10 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
No. of cycles at 60 Hz Input voltage, V

* The above chart shows non-repetitive maximum rating. If a surge current is applied repeatedly,
please keep it approximately 50% or less than the values shown in the above graph.

4-1. L
 oad current vs. ambient temperature 4-2. Load current vs. ambient temperature
characteristics for adjacent mounting characteristics for adjacent mounting
( 3 A vertical type ) ( 10 A type )
Part No.: AQ1298 Part No.: AQ1208 (without heat sink)
5 6

5
4
L = 20.32 mm
Load current, A

Load current, A

4
L = 15.24 mm
3

2
2 L L
L: Adjacent mounting pitch
1
1
L L
L: Adjacent mounting pitch
0 0
-30 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -30 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Ambient temperature, °C Ambient temperature, °C

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Solid State Relays AQ1 RELAYS

DIMENSIONS CAD The CAD data of the products with a "CAD" mark can be downloaded from our Website. Unit: mm

■ 3A Type: Vertical
CAD External dimensions Mounting hole location
33 ( Copper-side view )

25.4

10
4-1.2 dia.
1 2 Copper foil 3 4

2.54 × 5
2.54 × 3 2.54 × 2

Tolerance: ± 0.1

25
OUTPUT INPUT
1 2 + 3 4 −
6

1
7.62 12.7 5.08
(25.4)
5.3

4-0.8 dia.
General tolerance: ± 0.5

■ 10A Type: Vertical

CAD External dimensions Mounting hole location

54
( Copper-side view )
41
33 4 - 1.2 dia.
25.4
Copper foil

20 20 9.1
25
4

LOAD INPUT 2 - 3.5 dia.*

1 2 + 3 4−
2.54 × 3 2.54 × 5 2.54 × 2
15 min.

* There 2 holes are not

necessary when not using
heat sink (AQ1802)
0.8 7.62

7.62 12.7 5.08 Tolerance: ± 0.1

0.6
12 max.

6.9

2 2
2

8.89 10.16

General tolerance: ± 0.5

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 Solid State Relays AQ1 RELAYS

OPTION

■ Heat sink ( for AQ1802 )

CAD External dimensions

58 ± 2

13.8
2-M3

27 ± 2
AQ1802

Heat sink attached to

AQ1 relay
5.2 47.6

40 9

2-M3
2.5

Screw depth:
min. 10 mm
30 ± 2

Note: W
 hen using heat sink, please
refer to "Thermal design" of
NOTES.

Knurl surface 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

General tolerance: ± 0.5

SCHEMATIC AND WIRING DIAGRAMS

Output
Schematic Load Wiring diagram
configuration

+ Vertical type
3 1
LOAD INPUT
1 2 3 4
Input circuit
1 Form A AC

4 ZC 2 Load
−
Zero-cross circuit Load power Operation
supply power

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Solid State Relays AQ1 RELAYS

NOTES

■ For cautions for use, please read "CAUTION FOR USE OF SOLID STATE RELAYS".

■ Cautions for use AQ1 relays

● When using bent output terminals
● Thermal design
To avoid applying mechanical stress on the main unit and
When a heat sink is mounted on the 10 A type
molded section of the solid state relay, radio pliers should
The heat sink ( AQ1802 ) or a radiator which can make
be used to grasp the terminals between the point of
good contact should be used. If a heat sink is used in
bending and the molded case when making the bends.
which the contact condition is bad, a heat conducting
Solid state relay
Terminal bend section
compound should be used to improve the heat radiation.
Printed ( Ex. Momentive Performance Materials Inc. YG6111 or
circuit board
TSK5303 ) The compound should be applied between the
heat sink and the AQ1.
Solder AQ1802 heat sink

AQ1208
Printed circuit board
4-M3 screws
(provided with AQ1802)

Approx. 0.6N·m of torque should be

used for tightening the M3 screws.

Recommended Temperature Controllers Space saving requiring only a depth of 56 mm

■ KT4H Temperature Controller

• Data collection possible through a PLC using RS485 communication
• Tool port is standard for easy data setting
• Inverted LCD + backlight for good legibility with large characters
48 mm • Excellent operability and rich optional control functions
[Substitute part numbers]
Power supply Control output Part No.
56 mm
100 to 240 Vrms Non-contact voltage output AKT4H112100
Note: F
 or detailed product information about temperature controllers, please refer to our website:
48 mm URL https://industrial.panasonic.com/ac/e/

Please refer to "the latest product specifications"

when designing your product.
•Requests to customers:
https://industrial.panasonic.com/ac/e/salespolicies/

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 Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays

SAFETY WARNINGS
 o not use the product under conditions that exceed the range of
D Check the connection diagrams in the catalog and be sure to
its specifications. It may cause overheating, smoke, or fire. connect the terminals correctly. If the device is energized with
Do not touch the recharging unit while the power is on. There is a short circuit or any wrong connection, it may cause unexpected
danger of electrical shock. malfunction, abnormal heat or fire.
Be sure to turn off the power when performing mounting,
maintenance, or repair operations on the relay (including
connecting parts such as the terminal board and socket).

Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays

Derating design Noise and surge protection at the input side

Derating is a significant factor for reliable design and product life. 1) Phototriac coupler and AQ-H
Even if the conditions of use (temperature, current, voltage, etc.) If reverse surge voltages are present at the input terminals,
of the product are within the absolute maximum ratings, reliability connect a diode in reverse parallel across the input terminals and
may be lowered remarkably when continuously used in high keep the reverse voltages below the reverse breakdown voltage.
load conditions (high temperature, high humidity, high current, Typical circuits are below shown.
high voltage, etc.) Therefore, please derate sufficiently below the < Phototriac coupler (6-pin)>
absolute maximum ratings and evaluate the device in the actual
condition. 1 6
Moreover, regardless of the application, if malfunctioning can be 2 5
expected to pose high risk to human life or to property, or if products
are used in equipment otherwise requiring high operational safety, in 3 4
addition to designing double circuits, that is, incorporating features
such as a protection circuit or a redundant circuit, safety testing 2) SSR
should also be carried out. A high noise surge voltage applied to the SSR input circuit can
 pplying stress that exceeds the absolute maximum　
A cause malfunction or permanent damage to the device. If such a
rating high surge is anticipated, use C or R noise absorber in the input
If the voltage or current value for any of the terminals exceeds the circuit.
absolute maximum rating, internal elements will deteriorate because Typical circuits are below shown
of the overvoltage or overcurrent. In extreme cases, wiring may R
3
melt, or silicon P/N junctions may be destroyed.
Control voltage

Therefore, the circuit should be designed in such a way that the load
source

+ C SSR
−
never exceed the absolute maximum ratings, even momentarily.
Phototriac coupler 4
The phototriac coupler is designed solely to drive a triac. As a
condition, the triac must be powered beforehand.  ecommended input current of Phototriac coupler and
R
Unused terminals AQ-H
1) Phototriac coupler Design in accordance with the recommended operating conditions
The No. 3 terminal is used with the circuit inside the device. for each product.
Therefore, do not connect it to the external circuitry. (6 pins) Since these conditions are affected by the operating environment,
2) AQ-H ensure conformance with all relevant specifications.
The No. 5 terminal is connected to the gate. Ripple in the input power supply
Do not directly connect No. 5 and 6 terminals. If ripple is present in the input power supply, observe the following:
Short across terminals 1) Current-sensitive type (Phototriac Coupler, AQ-H)
Do not short circuit between terminals when device is energized, (1) For LED forward current at Emin, please maintain the value
since there is possibility of breaking of the internal IC. mentioned at “Recommended input current.”
When used for the load less than rated (2) Please make sure the LED forward current for Emax. is no
An SSR may malfunction if it is used below the specified load. In higher than 50 mA.
such an event, use a dummy resistor in parallel with the load. 2) Voltage-sensitive type (AQ-G, AQ1, AQ8, AQ-J, AQ-A)
Ro (dummy resistor) (1) The Emin. should exceed the minimum rated control voltage
(2) The Emax. should not exceed the maximum rated control
1
voltage
Load power

Load
supply

SSR

Emin. Emax.
Load Specifications
 hen the input terminals are connected with reverse
W
Type Load current polarity
AQ-G All models 20 mA Product name If the polarity of the input control voltage is reversed
AQ1 All models 50 mA Reversing the polarity will not cause damage to the
AQ1, AQ-J,
AQ8 All models 50 mA device, due to the presence of a protection diode, but
AQ-A (AC)
AQ-J All models 50 mA the device will not operate.

AQ-A (AC output type) 100 mA AQ-H, AQ-G, Reversing the polarity may cause permanent damage to
AQ8, AQ-A the device. Take special care to avoid polarity reversal or
(DC) use a protection diode in the input circuit.

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Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays
Noise and surge protection at the output side Cleaning (for PC board mounting type)
1) Phototriac coupler and AQ-H Cleaning the solder flux should use the immersion washing with an
The figure below shows an ordinary triac drive circuit. Please add organic solvent. If you have to use ultrasonic cleaning, please adopt
a snubber circuit or varistor, as noise/surge on the load side could the following conditions and check that there are no problems in the
damage the unit or cause malfunctions. actual usage.
Typical circuits are shown below. Frequency : 27 to 29kHz
<Phototriac coupler SOP4 and DIP4 types> Ultrasonic output: No greater than 0.25W/cm2 (Note)
Load
Cleaning time : 30s or less
1 4
Cleanser used : Asahiklin AK-225
U
Others :F loat PC board and the device in the cleaning
solvent to prevent from contacting the ultrasonic
2 3
vibrator.
<Phototriac coupler DIP6 type> Note: Applies to unit area ultrasonic output for ultrasonic baths

Notes for mounting (for PC board mounting type)

1 6 Load
1) When different kinds of packages are mounted on PC board,
2 temperature rise at soldering lead is highly dependent on
U
3 4 package size. Therefore, please set the lower temperature
soldering condition than the conditions of item “14.
<AQ-H> Soldering”, and confirm the temperature condition of actual
1 8 Load usage before soldering.
2) When mounting condition exceeds our recommendation, the
2
U device characteristics may be adversely affected. It may
3 6 occur package crack or bonding wire breaking because of
4 5 thermal expansion unconformity and resin strength
reduction. Please contact our sales office about the propriety
Note: Connection of an external resister, etc.,
of the condition.
to terminal No. 5 (gate) is not necessary.
3) Please confirm the heat stress by using actual board
2) SSR because it may be changed by board condition or
(1) AC output type manufacturing process condition
A high noise surge voltage applied to the SSR load circuit can 4) Solder creepage, wettability, or soldering strength will be
cause malfunction or permanent damage to the device. If such affected by the mounting condition or used soldering type.
a high surge is anticipated, use a varistor across the SSR Please check them under the actual production condition in
output. detail.
1
5) Please apply coating when the device returns to a room
Load power

Load temperature.
supply

SSR
V

2
Varistor

(2) DC output type

If an inductive load generates spike voltages which exceed the
absolute maximum rating, the spike voltage must be limited.
Typical circuits are shown below.
Load power supply

Load power supply

SSR SSR
V

Load Load

3) Clamp diode and snubber circuit can limit spike voltages at

the load side. However, long wires may cause spike voltages
due to inductance. It is recommended to keep wires as short
as possible to minimize inductance.
4) Output terminals may become conductive although the input
power is not applied, when a sudden voltage rise is applied
to it even when the relay is off. This may occur even if
voltage rise between terminals is less than the repetitive
peak OFF-state voltage. Therefore, please perform sufficient
tests with actual conditions.
5) When controlling loads in which the voltage and current
phases differ, a sudden voltage rise is applied during turn-
off, and the triac sometimes does not turn off. Please
conduct sufficient tests using actual equipment.
6) When controlling loads using zero-cross voltage types in
which the voltage and current phases differ, the triac
sometimes does not turn on regardless of the input state, so
please conduct sufficient tests using actual equipment.

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 Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays
Soldering Transportation and storage
1) When soldering surface-mount terminals, the following 1) Extreme vibration during transport may deform the lead or
conditions are recommended. damage the device characteristics. Please handle the outer
(1) IR (Infrared reflow) soldering method and inner boxes with care.
(Recommended condition reflow: Max. 2 times, measurement 2) Inadequate storage condition may degrade soldering,
point: soldering lead) appearance, and characteristics. The following storage
t3 conditions are recommended:
Temperature: 0 to 45 °C
T3
T1 = 150 to 180°C Humidity: Max. 70%RH
T2 T2 = 230°C Atmosphere: No harmful gasses such as sulfurous acid gas,
T3 = 240 to 250°C
T1 minimal dust.
t1 = 60 to 120 s
t2 = Within 30 s 3) Storage of Phototriac coupler (SOP type)
t3 = Within 10 s In case the heat stress of soldering is applied to the device which
absorbs moisture inside of its package, the evaporation of the
t1 t2
moisture increases the pressure inside the package and it may
(2) Other soldering methods cause the package blister or crack. This device is sensitive to
Other soldering methods (VPS, hot-air, hot plate, laser heating, moisture and it is packed in the sealed moisture-proof package.
pulse heater, etc.) affect the relay characteristics differently, Please make sure the following condition after unsealing.
please evaluate the device under the actual usage. Please use the device immediately after unsealing.
(3) Soldering iron method (Within 30 days at 0 to 45 °C and Max. 70%RH)
Tip temperature: 350 to 400 °C If the device will be kept for a long time after unsealing, please
Wattage : 30 to 60 W store in the another moisture-proof package containing silica gel.
Soldering time : within 3 s (Please use within 90 days.)
2) When soldering standard PC board terminals, the following Water condensation
conditions are recommended. Water condensation occurs when the ambient temperature changes
(1) DWS soldering method suddenly from a high temperature to low temperature at high
(Recommended condition number of times: Max. 1 time, humidity, or the device is suddenly transferred from a low ambient
measurement point: soldering lead *1) temperature to a high temperature and humidity. Condensation
T2 T1 = 120°C causes the failures such as insulation deterioration. Panasonic
T2 = Max. 260°C Corporation does not guarantee the failures caused by water
T1
t1 = within 60 s condensation.
t2+t3 = within 5 s The heat conduction by the equipment the SSR is mounted may
accelerate the water condensation. Please confirm that there is no
condensation in the worst condition of the actual usage. (Special
t1 t2 t3
attention should be paid when high temperature heating parts are
*1 Solder temperature: Max. 260 °C close to the SSR.)
(2) Other dip soldering method (recommended condition: 1 time)
Preheating: Max. 120 °C, within 120 s,
measurement point:
soldering lead Soldering: Max. 260 °C, within 5 s*,
measurement area: soldering temperature
*Phototriac coupler and AQ-H: within 10 s
(3) Manual soldering method
Tip temperature: 350 to 400°C
Wattage: 30 to 60 W
Soldering time: within 3 s
We recommend one with an alloy composition of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu.
Others
1) If an SSR is used in close proximity to another SSR or
heat-generating device, its ambient temperature may exceed
the allowable level. Carefully plan SSR layout and ventilation.
2) Terminal connections should be made by referring to the
associated wiring diagram.
3) For higher reliability, check device quality under actual
operating conditions.
4) To prevent the danger of electrocution, turn off the power
supply when performing maintenance. Although AQ-A (DC
output type) is constructed with insulation for the input/
output terminals and the rear aluminum plate, the insulation
between the input/output and the rear aluminum plate is not
UL approved.

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Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays
The following shows the packaging format
1) Tape and reel (Phototriac coupler)
Type Tape dimensions (Unit: mm) Dimensions of paper tape reel (Unit: mm)

Direction of picking 21±0.8

1.75±0.1
Tractor feed holes 80 ±1dia.
0.3±0.05 1.55±0.05dia. 7.2±0.1

5.5±0.1
2±0.5

12±0.3
4.7±0.1

250 ±2dia.
80 ±1 dia.
SO package Device mounted on tape
4-pin type 2.8±0.3 4±0.1 1.55±0.1dia.
12±0.1 2±0.1

(1) When picked from 1/2-pin side: Part No. APT****SX

(Shown above)
(2) When picked from 3/4-pin side: Part No. APT****SZ *Quality of material: Paper 13 ±0.5dia. 14±1.5 2 ±0.5

21±0.8
80 ±1dia.
Direction of picking

1.75±0.1
Tractor feed holes ±0.1
0.3±0.05 1.5+0.1
ｰ0 dia.
4 10.2±0.1 2±0.5
±0.1

±0.3

300 ±2 dia.
5.25±0.1

80 ±1dia.
5.5
DIP Device mounted on tape 12
4-pin type
12±0.1 2±0.1 1.55±0.1dia.
4.2±0.3

(1) When picked from 1/2-pin side: Part No. APT****AX

(2) When picked from 3/4-pin side: Part No. APT****AZ *Quality of material: Paper 13±0.5dia. 13.5±2.0 2±0.5

21±0.8
Direction of picking
80 ±1dia.
±0.1

Tractor feed holes

1.75

0.3 ±0.05 1.5 +0.1

- 0 dia. 10.1 ±0.1

2±0.5
±0.1

±0.3
7.5

300 dia.
9.2 ±0.1

80±1dia.
DIP
16

Device mounted

±2
6-pin type on tape

12 ±0.1 4 ±0.1 1.6 ±0.1 dia.

4.5 ±0.3
2 ±0.1

(1) When picked from 1/2/3-pin side: Part No. APT****AX

(2) When picked from 4/5/6-pin side: Part No. APT****AZ *Quality of material: Paper 13 ±0.5dia. 17.5±2 2±0.5

Direction of picking 21±0.8

±0.1

Tractor feed holes 100±1dia.

1.75

0.35 ±0.05 1.5 +0.1

- 0 dia.
4.0 ±0.1 9.2 ±0.1

2±0.5
±0.1
11.5

24.0 ±0.3
12.1 ±0.1

DIP
330±2 dia.
100±1dia.

6-pin wide Device mounted

terminal type on tape

4.3 ±0.3
12.0 ±0.1 2.0±0.1 1.6 ±0.1 dia.

(1) When picked from 1/6-pin side: Part No. APT****WAY

(2) When picked from 3/4-pin side: Part No. APT****WAW *Quality of material: Paper 13 ±0.5dia. 25.5±2 1.7±0.8

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 Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays

2) Tape and reel (AQ-H)

Type Tape dimensions (Unit: mm) Dimensions of paper tape reel (Unit: mm)

Direction of picking 21±0.8

1.75 ±0.1
Tractor feed holes 80 ±1dia.
0.3 ±0.05 1.5 +0.1 4 ±0.1
10.1±0.1
- 0 dia.

2±0.5

7.5 ±0.1
10.2 ±0.1

±0.3

300±2dia.
16

80±1dia.
8-pin SMD Device mounted
on tape
type
12 ±0.1 2 ±0.1 1.55 ±0.1dia.
4.5 ±0.3

(1) When picked from 1/2/3/4-pin side: Part No. AQH****AX

(Shown above)
(2) When picked from 5/6/8-pin side: Part No. AQH****AZ *Quality of material: Paper 13 ±0.5dia. 17.5±2 2±0.5

3) Tube
Phototriac coupler and AQ-H SSR are packaged in a tube as pin
No. 1 is on the stopper B side. Observe correct orientation when
mounting them on PC boards.
<Phototriac coupler SOP type>

Stopper B (green) Stopper A (gray)

<Phototriac coupler DIP type and AQ-H SSR>

Stopper B Stopper A

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Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays

Snubber Circuit
Reduce dv/dt If there is no resistance R (the resistance R controls the discharge
An SSR used with an inductive load can accidentally fire due to a current from condenser C), at turn-on of the SSR, there will be a
high load voltage rise rate (dv/dt), even though the load voltage is sharp rise in dv/dt and the high peak value discharge current will
below the allowable level (inductive load firing). begin to flow.
Our SSRs contain a snubber circuit designed to reduce dv/dt (except This may cause damage to the internal elements of the SSR.
AQ-H). Therefore, it is always necessary to insert a resistance R. In
Selecting the snubber constants normal applications, for the 100 V line, have R = 10 to 100 Ω and
1) C selection for the 200 V line, have R = 20 to 100 Ω. (The allowable discharge
The charging coefficient tau for C of the SSR circuit is shown in current at turn on will differ depending on the internal elements of
formula ① the SSR.) The power loss from R, written as P, caused by the
τ=(RL+R) × C ------------① discharge current and charging current from C, is shown in
By setting formula ① so that it is below dv/dt value you have: formula ③ below. For the 100 V line, use a power of 1/2 W, and
C=0.632VA/[(dv/dt) (RL+R)] -----② for the 200 V line, use a power above 2 W.
By setting C = 0.1 to 0.2 μF, dv/dt can be controlled to between
C×VA2×f
nV/μs and n+V/μs or lower. For the condenser, use either an MP P＝ ………③
2
condenser metallized polyester film. For the 100 V line, use a
f＝Power supply frequency
voltage between 250 and 400 V, and for the 200 V line, use a
voltage between 400 and 600 V. Also, at turn-off of the SSR, a ringing circuit is formed with the
2) R selection capacitor C and the circuit inductance L, and a spike voltage is
SSR generated at both terminals of the SSR. The resistance R serves
RL
as a control resistance to prevent this ringing. Moreover, a good
Load power supply

1
Inductive load non-inductive resistance for R is required. Carbon film resistors or
VA metal film resistors are often used.
R
C For general applications, the recommended values are C = 0.1
2
μF and R = 20 to 100 Ω. There are cases of resonance in the
Snubber circuit
inductive load, so the appropriate care must be taken when
making your selections.

Thermal Design

SSRs used in high-reliability equipment require careful thermal design. Table 1 Dedicated on-board heat sinks
In particular, junction temperature control has a significant effect on Type Heat sink Load current
device function and life time. The rated load current for PC board- AQ10A2-ZT4/32VDC AQ1802 10A
AQP810*
mounting SSRs is defined as the maximum current allowable at an
AQ-J (10A) AQP813 10A
ambient temperature of 40 °C (30 °C) and under natural cooling. If the AQP812*
ambient temperature exceeds the SSRs derating temperature point [40 AQP810*
AQ-J (15A) AQP813 15A
°C (30 °C)], load current derating in accordance with the load current AQP812*
vs temperature diagram becomes necessary. If adjacent devices act AQP810*
as heat sources, the SSR should be located more than 10 mm away AQP813 20A
AQ-J (25A)
AQP812*
from those devices.
AQP815 25A
SSRs with a 5 A rating or more must be used with the dedicated heat AQP813
AQ-A (15A) 15A
sinks listed in Table 1 or equivalents. To ensure adequate thermal AQP812*
AQP814
conduction, apply thermal conductive compound (Ex. Momentive
AQ-A (25A) AQP813 25A
Performance Materials Inc. YG6111 or TSK5303) to the SSR’s AQP812*
AQP813
mounting surface. For information on external heat sinks for our SSRs 30A
AQP812*
and their mounting method, refer to “Data and Cautions for Use for AQ-A (40A)
AQP814
40A
respective relay”. AQP815
AQP812* 8A
AQ-A DC (10A)
AQP815 10A
AQ-A DC (30A) AQP812* 30A
* It is possible to mounting on the DIN rail

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 Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays

Protection Circuit
High-reliability SSR circuits require an adequate protection circuit, as 2) Suppress transient spikes
well as careful study of the characteristics and maximum ratings of the Use a switching device in the secondary circuit of a transformer
device. or use a switch with a slow opening speed.
Over-Voltage Protection 3) Use a surge absorption circuit
The SSR load power supply requires adequate protection against Use a CR surge absorber or varistor across the load power
over-voltage errors from various causes. The methods of over- supply or SSR.
voltage protection include the following: Special care must be taken so power on/off surges or external
1) Use devices with a guaranteed reverse surge withstand surges do not exceed the device’s rated load voltage. If a surge
voltage voltage exceeding the device’s rated voltage is anticipated, use a
(controlled avalanche devices, etc.) surge absorption device and circuit (e.g. a ZNR from Panasonic
Corporation).

Choosing the rated voltage of the ZNR

(1) Peak supply voltage (4) Tolerance of rated voltage (±10%)
(2) Supply voltage variation For application to 100 V AC lines, choose a ZNR with the
(3) Degradation of ZNR characteristic (1 mA ±10%) following rated voltage:
(1) × (2) × (3) × (4) = (100 × √2) × 1.1 × 1.1 × 1.1 = 188 (V)
Example of ZNR (Panasonic)
Max. Withstanding Withstanding
Max. average energy surge current Electrostatic
Varistor Max. allowable
control pulse capacitance
Types voltage circuit voltage (8/20µs) (Reference)
voltage electric (10/1000µs) (2ms) 1time
power 2time
V1mA (V) ACrms (V) DC (V) V50A (V) (W) (J) (J) (A) (A) @1KHz (pF)
ERZV14D201 200 (185 to 225) 130 170 340 0.6 70 50 6,000 5,000 770
ERZV14D221 220 (198 to 242) 140 180 360 0.6 78 55 6,000 5,000 740 D T
ERZV14D241 240 (216 to 264) 150 200 395 0.6 84 60 6,000 5,000 700
ERZV14D271 270 (247 to 303) 175 225 455 0.6 99 70 6,000 5,000 640

H
ERZV14D361 360 (324 to 396) 230 300 595 0.6 130 90 6,000 4,500 540
ERZV14D391 390 (351 to 429) 250 320 650 0.6 140 100 6,000 4,500 500

3 max
0.8 dia.

20 min
ERZV14D431 430 (387 to 473) 275 350 710 0.6 155 110 6,000 4,500 450
D : 17.5 dia. max.
ERZV14D471 470 (423 to 517) 300 385 775 0.6 175 125 6,000 4,500 400 T : 6.5 max.
ERZV14D621 620 (558 to 682) 385 505 1,025 0.6 190 136 5,000 4,500 330 H : 20.5 max.
W : 7.5 ±1
ERZV14D681 680 (612 to 748) 420 560 1,120 0.6 190 136 5,000 4,500 320 W L (Unit: mm)

Over-Current Protection
An SSR circuit operated without overcurrent protection may result in Example of executing fuse selection of over-current protection
damage to the device. Design the circuit so the device’s rated junction cooperation
temperature is not exceeded for a continuous overload current.
1,000
(e.g. Surge current into a motor or light bulb)
The surge-on current rating applies to over-current errors which occur
less than several tens of times during the service life of a
Fuse cut-off current
Surge ON current

semiconductor device. A protection coordination device is required for 100

this rating. AQ-A (15 A type)
Methods of over-current protection include the following: NHR15 (fuse 15 A)
NHR10 (fuse 10 A)
1) Suppressing over-currents (A peak)
Use a current limiting reactor in series with the load power supply. 10

2) Use a current shut-off device

Use a current limiting fuse or circuit breaker in series with the load
power supply.
1
10 100 1,000
No. of cycles at 60Hz

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Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays

Load Type Description

Heaters (Resistive load) Solenoids

The SSR is best suited to resistive loads. Noise levels can be AC-driven solenoid contactors or solenoid valves also draw inrush
drastically lowered with zero-crossing switching. current when they are activated. Choose an SSR such that the peak
Lamps of the inrush current does not exceed 50% of the SSR surgeon
Tungsten or halogen lamps draw a high inrush current when turned current. For small solenoid valves and AC relays in particular, a
on (approximately 7 to 8 times the steady state current for zero- leakage current may cause the load to malfunction after the SSR
crossing SSRs; approximately 9 to 12 times, in the worst case, for turns off. In such an event, use a dummy resistor in parallel with the
random type SSRs). Choose an SSR so the peak of the inrush load.
current does not exceed 50% of the SSR surgeon current. Using an SSR below the specified load
Motors load Dummy resistor

When starting, an electric motor draws a symmetrical AC starting

current some 5 to 8 times the steady-state load current,
Load
superimposed on a DC current. The starting time during which this
SSR Output Load power supply
high starting current is sustained depends on the capacities of the
load and load power supply. Measure the starting current and time
under the motor’s actual operating conditions and choose an SSR
so the peak of the starting current does not exceed 50% of the SSR Capacitive load
surge-on current. A capacitive load (switching regulator, etc.) draws an inrush current
When the motor load is deactivated, a voltage exceeding the load to charge the load capacitor when the SSR turns on. Choose an
supply voltage is applied to the SSR due to counter-EMF. SSR so the peak of the inrush current does not exceed 50% of the
This voltage is approximately 1.3 times the load supply voltage for SSR surge-on current. A timing error of up to one cycle can occur
induction motors, and approximately 2 times that for synchronous when a switch used in series with the SSR is opened or closed. If
motors. this is a problem, use an inductor (200 to 500 μH) in series to the
Reversible motor control SSR to suppress dv/dt error.
When the direction of motor rotation is reversed, the transient Other electronic equipment
current and time required for the reversal far exceed those In general, electronic equipment uses line filters in the primary
required for simple starting. The reversing current and time should supply circuit.
also be measured under actual operating conditions. The capacitors used in the line filters may cause the SSR to
For a capacitor-starting, single-phase induction motor, a malfunction due to dv/dt turn on when the equipment is turned on or
capacitive discharge current appears during the reversal process. off. In such an event, use an inductor (200 to 500 μH) in series with
Be sure to use a current limiting resistor or reactor in series with the SSR to suppress dv/dt turn on.
the SSR.
Also, the SSR should have a high marginal voltage rating, since a
voltage twice as high as the load supply voltage develops across
the SSR in the reversal process.
For reversible motor control, carefully design the driver circuit so
the forward and reverse SSRs do not turn on at the same time.

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 Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays

Load Inrush Current Wave and Time

(1) Incandescent Lamp Load (2) Mercury Lamp Load i/i0≒3 times (3) Fluorescent Lamp Load
i/i0≒5 to 10 times
Contacts L

i io C i io

i io

(for high power factor type)

Incandescent lamp 10 seconds

3 to 5 minutes or less
The discharge tube, transformer, choke coil, capacitor, etc., are combined in
common discharge lamp circuits. Note that the inrush current may be 20 to 40
times, especially if the power supply impedance is low in the high power factor type.
Approx. 1/3 second
Inrush current/rated current:
i/i0≒10 to 15 times

(4) Motor Load i/i0≒5 to 10 times (5) Solenoid Load (6) Electromagnetic (7) Capacitive Load
i/i0≒10 to 20 times Contact Load i/i0≒20 to 40 times
i/i0≒3 to 10 times

i io i i
io io
Free
Lock
Load i io

Steady
0.2 to 0.5 second Starting state Braking 0.07 to 0.1 second 1 to 2 cycles
(1/60 to 1/30 seconds)
• Conditions become more harsh if plugging or Note that since inductance is great,
inching is performed since state transitions are the arc lasts longer when power is cut.
repeated. The contact may become easily worn.
• When using a relay to control a DC motor and
brake, the on time inrush current, steady-state 1/2 to 2 cycles
current and off time brake current differ depending (1/120 to 1/30 seconds)
on whether the load to the motor is free or locked.
In particular, with non-polarized relays, when
using from B contact of from contact for the DC
motor brake, mechanical life might be affected by
the brake current. Therefore, please verify current
at the actual load.

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Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays

SSR Driving Circuits

Relay Driver NPN Transistor Driver PNP Transistor Driver

Load Load Load

Load power
Load power
Load power

supply
supply
supply

1 1 1

2 2 2

SSR SSR SSR

+Vcc 3 + +Vcc 3 + +Vcc 3 +
Relay contacts
4 − 4 − 4 −

NPN Transistor PNP Transistor

TTL/DTL/IC Driver C-MOS/IC Driver

(1) SSR fires when IC output is HIGH: (2) SSR fires when IC output is LOW:
Load power

Load power
Load Load Load
supply

supply
1 Load power 1
supply
2 2
1
SSR SSR
+Vcc 3 + +Vcc 3 +
2
+Vcc
SSR
4 − 4 −
3 +
TTL, DTL, IC
4 −
C-MOS IC
C-MOS IC

Relay Driver NPN Transistor Driver

Vcc
3 + 1
R Load 3 + 1
Load power Load
SSR ZNR SW
U
supply
Load power
SSR ZNR
U supply
4 − 2
C 4 − 2

B A Terminal A: ON input pulse

Terminal B: OFF input pulse

Phototriac Coupler, AQ-H Solid State Relay Driving Circuits

*Phototriac coupler and AQ-H is current driving type
NPN Transistor Driver
(1) Phototriac Coupler (2) AQ-H Solid State Relay
+Vcc +Vcc
1 + 4 2 + 8
Load Load
Load power
Load power

supply
supply

2 − 3 3 − 6

NPN Transistor NPN Transistor

Please refer to "the latest product specifications"

when designing your product.
•Requests to customers:
https://industrial.panasonic.com/ac/e/salespolicies/

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Please contact ..........

Electromechanical Control Business Division

1006, Oaza Kadoma, Kadoma-shi, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
industral.panasonic.com/ac/e/

©Panasonic Corporation 2021

ASCTB402E 202110 Specifications are subject to change without notice.