Tle7 q3 Computer Hardware Servicing

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education – Region III Central Luzon
DIVISION OF CITY OF SAN FERNANDO
THIRD QUARTER SIPACKS

TLE – COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 7
WEEK 1
Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of hand tools and
equipment in Computer Hardware Servicing.
Performance Standard: The learner independently uses hand tools and equipment in
Computer Hardware Servicing.
Learning Competency: LO1. Prepare hand tools and equipment in Computer Hardware
Servicing
Objectives: At the end of the lesson the student should be able to:
1. Define tool, toolkit, ESD Tools, Hand Tools, Cleaning Tools and Diagnostic Tools.
2. Identify the different hand tools and their uses.
3. Classify the hand tools according to their category.
Content:(Subject Matter) Use of Hand Tools
Learning Resources:
a. References: K-12 TLE Learning Module on CHS 7, pages 9-12
b. Instructional pictures
Materials
Procedure:
A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson
Arrange the jumbled letters.
OLTO
KOOITTL
B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson
In this lesson, you will learn the meaning of a tool and a toolkit; identify the different hardware
tools and their uses and categorize each hardware tool whether it is an ESD Tool, a Hand
Tool, a Cleaning Tool or a Diagnostic Tool.
C. Presenting examples/instances of the lesson
What is a tool? Can you look for a tool at home and tell where you use that tool?
D. Discussing new concepts
HARDWARE TOOLS
A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. A set of tools designed to be used
together or for a particular purpose is called a toolkit.
To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should contain all of the
necessary tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools to have available for different
types of jobs. Hardware tools are grouped into these four categories:
 Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools
 Hand tools
 Cleaning tools
 Diagnostic tools
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools

Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric, and
etc. The friction of moving air alone will charge suspended particles and cause the buildup of
static electrical charges on people and objects in the environment. Grounded antistatic work
mats used with antistatic wrist straps provide the most basic means for the controlled discharge
of electrostatic electricity.
Examples:
Anti-static wrist strap – used to prevent ESD damage to computer

equipment.
Anti-static mat – used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static

electricity from building up.
Hand Tools
A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using only hands.
The hand tools can be manually used employing force, or electrically powered, using electrical
current.
Examples:
Flat head screwdriver – used to loosen or tighten slotted screws.
Philips head screwdriver – used to loosen or tighten crosshead screws.
Torx screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like

depression on the top, a feature that is mainly found on
laptop.
Hex driver – sometimes called a nut driver, is used to tighten nuts in the
same way that a screwdriver tightens screws.
Needle-nose plier – used to hold small parts.
Wire cutter – used to strip and cut wires.

Tweezers – used to manipulate small parts.
Flashlight – used to light up areas that you cannot see well.
Cleaning Tools
Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or repairing computers. Using
these tools that computer components are not damaged during cleaning.
Examples:
Lint-free cloth – used to clean different computer components without

scratching or leaving debris.
Compressed air – used to blow away dust and debris from different
computer parts without touching the components.
Cable ties – used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a

computer.
Parts organizer – used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and other small
parts and prevents them from getting mixed together.
Diagnostic Tools
Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation of hardware and
operating system update, but that doesn't mean they're problem-free. Here's the most popular
tools for diagnosing your computer problems:
Multimeter – used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of

electricity in computer components.
Loopback Adapter – used to test the functionality of computer ports.

E. Continuation of the discussion of new concepts
I. Match Column A to Column B to identify the following tools. Write the letter of the
correct answer.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. A. Anti-static Wrist Strap
B. Cable Ties
2.
C. Compressed Air
3.
D. Philips Head Screwdriver
4. E. Wire Cutter
5.
II. Write ET – ESD Tool, HT – Hand Tool, CT – Cleaning Tool or DT – Diagnostic Tool.
1. Anti-static Mat
2. Multimeter
3. Needle Nose Plier
4. Parts Organizer
5. Tweezers
G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living
List down at least five (5) tools that you usually use at home and indicate how you use
them.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson
Learning the different tools used in Computer Hardware Servicing make the job easier in the
proper maintenance of the personal computer.
I. Evaluating learning
Identify what is being asked for by filling out the missing letters inside the box.
1. A tool used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static electricity from building up.
2. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like depression on the top, a
feature that is mainly found on laptop?
3. These are used to manipulate small parts.
4. Which tool is used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts without
touching the components?
5. It is used to strip or cut wires.

WEEK 2
Content Standard: The learner demonstrates proper use of tools and understanding of
maintenance of tools and equipment.
Performance Standard: The learner independently uses tools used according to tasks
undertaken and tools stored safely in appropriate locations.
Learning Competency: LO2. Inspect hand tools and equipment received in computer
hardware servicing.
LO3. Use and maintain hand tools, measuring instrument and
equipment.
1. Define the proper use of tools based on its function
2. Conduct maintenance of tools
3. Practice the benefits of proper storage of tools
Content:(Subject Matter) Use of Hand Tools
Learning Resources:
a. References: K-12 TLE Learning Module on CHS 7, pages 19-21, 27-28
Materials
Procedure:
HARDWARE TOOLS
List down the 4 types of hardware tools and give 2 examples for each.
In this lesson, you will learn to use tools and conduct maintenance of tools.
4 pics 1 word

Proper Use of ESD Tools
The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to equalize the electrical charge between you and the
equipment. The antistatic wrist strap is a conductor that connects your body to the equipment
that you are working on. When static electricity builds up in your body, the connection made by
the wrist strap to the equipment, or ground, channels the electricity through the wire that
connects the strap.
The wrist strap has two parts and is easy to wear:
1. Wrap the strap around your wrist and secure it using the snap or Velcro. The metal on the
back of the wrist strap must remain in contact with your skin at all times.
2. Snap the connector at the end of the wire to the wrist strap, and connect the other end
either to the equipment or to the same grounding point that the antistatic mat is connected
to. The metal skeleton of the case is a good place to connect the wire. When connecting the
wire to equipment that you are working on, choose an unpainted metal surface. A painted
surface does not conduct the electricity as well as unpainted metal.
An antistatic mat is slightly conductive. It works by drawing static electricity away from a
component and transferring it safely from equipment to a grounding point:
1. Lay the mat on the workspace next to or under the computer case.
2. Clip the mat to the case to provide a grounded surface on which you can place parts as
you remove them from the system.
Reducing the potential for ESD reduces the likelihood of damage to delicate circuits or
components.
Proper Use of Hand Tools
A technician needs to be able to properly use each tool in the toolkit. This topic covers many of
the various hand tools used when repairing computers.
Screws
Match each screw with the proper screwdriver. Place the tip of the screwdriver on the head of the
screw. Turn the screwdriver clockwise to tighten the screw and counterclockwise to loosen the
screw.
Screws can become stripped if you over-tighten them with a screwdriver. A stripped screw, may
get stuck in the screw hole, or it may not tighten firmly. Discard stripped screws.
Flat head screwdriver

Use a flat head screwdriver when you are working with a slotted screw. Do not use a flat head
screwdriver to remove a Phillips head screw. Never use a screwdriver as a pry bar. If you cannot
remove a component, check to see if there is a clip or latch that is securing the component in
place.
CAUTION: If excessive force is needed to remove or add a component, something is probably
wrong. Take a second look to make sure that you have not missed a screw or a
locking clip that is holding the component in place. Refer to the device manual or
diagram for additional information.
Phillips head screwdriver

Use a Phillips head screwdriver with crosshead screws. Do not use this type of screwdriver to
puncture anything. This will damage the head of the screwdriver.
Hex driver
Use a hex driver to loosen and tighten bolts that have a hexagonal (six-sided) head. Hex bolts
should not be over-tightened because the threads of the bolts can be stripped. Do not use a hex
driver that is too large for the bolt that you are using.
CAUTION: Some tools are magnetized. When working around electronic devices, be sure that
the tools you are using have not been magnetized. Magnetic fields can be harmful to data stored
on magnetic media. Test your tool by touching the tool with a screw. If the screw is attracted to
the tool, do not use the tool.
Needle-nose pliers or tweezers

The needle-nose pliers and tweezers can be used to place and retrieve parts that may be hard to
reach with your fingers. Do not scratch or hit any components when using these tools.
CAUTION: Pencils should not be used inside the computer to change the setting of switches or
to pry off jumpers. The pencil lead can act as a conductor and may damage the
computer components.
Proper Use of Cleaning Materials

Keeping computers clean inside and out is a vital part of a maintenance program. Dirt can cause
problems with the physical operation of fans, buttons, and other mechanical components. On
electrical components, an excessive buildup of dust will act like an insulator and trap the heat.
This insulation will impair the ability of heat sinks and cooling fans to keep components cool,
causing chips and circuits to overheat and fail.
CAUTION: When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer, the air should be blown
around the components with a minimum distance of four inches from the nozzle. The
power supply and the fan should be cleaned from the back of the case. Before
cleaning any device, turn it off and unplug the device from the power source.
Computer Cases and Monitors

Clean computer cases and the outside of monitors with a mild cleaning solution on a damp, lint-
free cloth. Mix one drop of dishwashing liquid with four ounces of water to create the cleaning
solution. If any water drips inside the case, allow enough time for the liquid to dry before
powering on the computer.
LCD Screens
Do not use ammoniated glass cleaners or any other solution on an LCD screen, unless the
cleaner is specifically designed for the purpose. Harsh chemicals will damage the coating on the
screen. There is no glass protecting these screens, so be gentle when cleaning them and do not
press firmly on the screen.
CRT Screens
To clean the screens of CRT monitors, dampen a soft, clean, lint-free cloth with distilled water
and wipe the screen from top to bottom. Then use a soft, dry cloth to wipe the screen and
remove any streaking after you have cleaned the monitor.
Clean dusty components with a can of compressed air. Compressed air does not cause
electrostatic buildup on components. Make sure that you are in a well-ventilated area before
blowing the dust out of the computer. A best practice is to wear a dust mask to make sure that
you do not breathe in the dust particles.
Blow out the dust using short bursts from the can. Never tip the can or use the compressed air
can upside down. Do not allow the fan blades to spin from the force of the compressed air. Hold
the fan in place. Fan motors can be ruined from spinning when the motor is not turned on.
Component Contacts
Clean the contacts on components with isopropyl alcohol. Do not use rubbing alcohol. Rubbing
alcohol contains impurities that can damage contacts. Make sure that the contacts do not collect
any lint from the cloth or cotton swab. Blow any lint off the contacts with compressed air before
reinstallation.
Keyboard
Clean a desktop keyboard with compressed air or a small, hand-held vacuum cleaner with a
brush attachment.
CAUTION: Never use a standard vacuum cleaner inside a computer case. The plastic parts of
the vacuum cleaner can build up static electricity and discharge to the components.
Use only a vacuum approved for electronic components.
Mouse
Use glass cleaner and a soft cloth to clean the outside of the mouse. Do not spray glass cleaner
directly on the mouse. If cleaning a ball mouse, you can remove the ball and clean it with glass
cleaner and a soft cloth. Wipe the rollers clean inside the mouse with the same cloth. Do not
spray any liquids inside the mouse.
TOOL AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not endangered.
Regulations require inspections of tools, machines and equipment before use.
Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools, equipment and
machines in order to keep them in a safe, usable condition, limit downtime and extend
productivity. We must always be aware that maintenance tasks themselves are potentially
hazardous and can result in injury. The successful maintenance program is:
 well organized and scheduled,
 controls hazards,
 defines operational procedures, and
 trains key personnel.
The degree of detail to include regarding tools and equipment maintenance will depend on the
kinds of tools/equipment used. Some construction equipment may have very specific inspection
and maintenance requirements. Electronic equipment may have different maintenance
requirements. Hand tools may require only basic maintenance. Power tools should be maintained
in good working order. This may be limited to ensuring that blades/bits are replaced when
needed and those guards or other safety devices are operable and any damaged electrical
cords/plugs are repaired or replaced. Damaged or defective equipment/tools should be tagged
and removed from service.
Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their equipment. Large companies
typically have a comprehensive maintenance program due to the capital investment and/or
leasing agreements. Smaller companies may lease equipment and maintenance services may be
included in the leasing agreement.
General requirements for tools and equipment maintenance include:

 Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the manufacturer
 Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required
 Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are competent (e.g. licensed
mechanic)
 Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted
 Specifying who is responsible for overseeing equipment maintenance and where the
records are kept
Set up a system for removal and tagging of damaged or defective tools and equipment
PROPER STORAGE OF TOOLS, PARTS, AND EQUIPMENT
To ensure that tools and equipment remain in good condition and last for a long time, store them
properly. Properly stored tools and equipment will be easy to find when needed and are less
likely to be lost.
Good practices include:

 Parts should be properly stored and labeled.
 Tools should be properly placed on the board, and labeled. Consider drawing the shapes
of the tools on the board so that they always get put back in the same position.
 Use bins for storing small parts.
 Consider making an individual (or individuals) responsible for the good maintenance of
tools and parts.
Benefits:
 Tools and parts are kept in good condition and are easy to find.
 Costs are reduced.
 Productivity is increased because time is not wasted looking for tools, parts and
equipment.
 Workshop staff develop a sense of responsibility and pride in their work.
F. Developing Mastery
I. Put a check mark () if the sentence is correct. If not, put a cross mark ().
1. Regulations require inspections of tools, machines and equipment before use.
2. All tools and equipment must NOT be properly maintained so that workers are not
endangered.
3. Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools.
4. Productivity is decreased because time is not wasted looking for tools, parts and
equipment.
5. To ensure that tools and equipment remain in good condition and last for a long
time, store them properly.
II. Figure out what the word is by arranging the jumbled letters.
1. Wssrec
2. Necantenima
3. Duyrittpovic
4. Muptniqee
5.Rsatp
Look for at least five (5) tools in your home and explain on how to clean and properly
store.
Tool Maintenance
Learning the proper use of tools and tool equipment maintenance can save money and increased
productivity.
I. Evaluating Learning
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer, the air should be blown around
the components with a minimum distance of inches.
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
2. Which tool is used to clean CRT monitor?
A. Anti-static mat B. Hex driver C. Lint free cloth D. Wire cutter
3. Which tool is used to place and retrieve parts that may be hard to reach with your fingers?
A. Anti-static mat B. Flashlight C. Keyboard D. Tweezer
4. Clean the contacts on components with alcohol.
A. Ethyl B. Isopropyl C. Methyl D. Rubbing
5. is used to store small parts.
A. Bin B. Cloth C. Machine D. Tools
6. Good practices include parts should be properly stored and
A. brush B. clean C. labeled D. throw
7. Before cleaning any device, turn it off and the device from the power source.
A. Hold B. Plug C. Press D. Unplug
8. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws?
A. Anti-static mat B. Hex driver C. Philips head screwdriver D. Wire cutter
9. Which tool is used to strip and cut wires?
A. Anti-static mat B. Hex driver C. Philips head screwdriver D. Wire cutter
10. Which tool is used to clean keyboard?
A.Brush B. Compressed Air C. Lint free cloth D. All of the above
J. Additional activities for application or remediation
Give at least five (5) different ways on how to properly maintain and store screwdrivers and pliers.
WEEK 3
Content Standard: The learner identified memory and data storage capacity.
Performance Standard: The learner measured and identified components or devices.
Learning Competency: LO1. Select Components to be measured
1. Identify types of storage drives.
2. Differentiate types of storage drives.
3. Appreciate the purpose of each storage drive.
Content:(Subject Matter) Perform Mensuration and Calculation
Learning Resources:
References: K-12 TLE Learning Module on CHS 7, pages 9-12
Instructional Materials pictures
Procedure:
Tool and Equipment Maintenance
What is preventive maintenance and its importance?
In this lesson, you will learn to identify types of storage device.
I. Answer the following questions:
1. What is storage?
2. What is a device?
II. Give the meaning of the following acronyms.
3. HDD
4. RAM
5. CD
STORAGE DRIVES
Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical storage media. The drive can
be used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a media disk. Storage drives
can be installed inside the computer case, such as a hard drive. For portability, some storage
drives can connect to the computer using a USB port, a FireWire port, or an SCSI port. These
portable storage drives are sometimes referred to as removable drives and can be used on
multiple computers. Here are some common types of storage drives: Floppy drive, Hard drive,
Optical drive and Flash drive.
Floppy Drive
A floppy drive, or floppy disk drive, is a storage device that uses removable 3.5-inch floppy
disks. These magnetic floppy disks can store 720 KB or 1.44 MB of data. In a computer, the
floppy drive is usually configured as the A: drive. The floppy drive can be used to boot the
computer if it contains a bootable floppy disk.
A 5.25-inch floppy drive is older technology and is seldom used.
Hard Drive
A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the
computer.
The hard drive is used as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is
usually configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system and applications. The
hard drive is often configured as the first drive in the boot sequence. The storage capacity of a
hard drive is measured in billions of bytes, or gigabytes (GB). The speed of a hard drive
is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). Multiple hard drives can be added to increase
storage capacity.
Optical Drive
An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. There
are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray
Disc (BD). COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 38 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood
Education CD, DVD,
and BD media can be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable (write once), or rewritable (read and
write multiple times).
External Flash Drive
An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive, is a removable storage device that
connects to a USB port. An external flash drive uses the same type of non-volatile memory
chips as solid state drives and does not require power to maintain the data. These drives can
be accessed by the operating system in the same way that other types of drives are accessed.
MEMORY
Although memory is technically any form of electronic storage, it is used most often to identify
fast, temporary forms of storage. If your computer's CPU had to constantly access the hard drive
to retrieve every piece of data it needs, it would operate very slowly. When the information is kept
in memory, the CPU can access it much more quickly. Most forms of memory are intended to
store data temporarily. The CPU accesses memory according to a distinct hierarchy. Whether it
comes from permanent storage (the hard drive) or input (the keyboard), most data go in random
access memory (RAM) first. The CPU then stores pieces of data it will need to access, often in a
cache, and maintains certain special instructions in the register.
Read-only memory (ROM) chips are located in the motherboard.

ROM chips contain instructions that can be directly accessed by the
CPU. Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the
operating system are stored in ROM. ROM chips retain their contents
even when the computer is powered down. The contents cannot be
erased or changed by normal means.
Random access memory (RAM) is the temporary storage for data and programs that are being
accessed by the CPU. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased when
the computer is powered off. The more RAM in a computer, the more capacity the computer has
to hold and process large programs and files, as well as enhance system performance.
Identify the following pictures and make a short description for each.
Name Description
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Take a look at any of your device at home (cellphone, tablet, PC or laptop). List down the
capacity of the storage and memory for each device you have.
I. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is NOT a storage device?

A. CPU B. Flash Drive C. Hard Drive D. Optical Drive
2. Which of the following is a storage drive is older technology and is seldom used.
A. Flash Drive B. Floppy Drive C. Hard Drive D. Optical Drive
3. Which of the following is Not a type of Optical Drive?

A. BD B. CD C. DVD D. USB
4. Which of the following is a storage device that uses lasers to read data?
A. Flash Drive B. Floppy Drive C. Hard Drive D. Optical Drive
5. Which of the following is also known as a thumb drive?

A. Flash Drive B. Hard Drive C. Memory D. Optical Drive
II. Write the definition of each acronyms on the blank line.
6. GB
7. CD
8. DVD
9. HDD
10. BD

Explain why flash drives are popular than the optical and floppy drive.
WEEK 4
Content Standard: The learner demonstrates an understanding of concepts and
principles in performing measurements and calculation.
Performance Standard: 1. Calculation needed to complete work tasks is performed using
the four fundamentals operations (addition, subtractions,
multiplication and division).
2. Numerical computation is self-checked and corrected for accuracy.
Learning Competency: LO1. Perform mensuration and calculation
LO2. Carry out mensuration and calculation
1. Understand the term binary numbers
2. Convert decimal numbers to binary numbers – decimal numbers to binary numbers
3. Calculate data storage
Content:(Subject Matter) Perform Mensuration and Calculation
Learning Resources:
Instructional Materials crossword puzzle, cut-out cards
Procedure:
Complete the diagram below.
Memory
2 Types of Memory Storage Drives

In this lesson, you will discover the following:
 how a computer interpret data that you input into it
 how to convert decimal numbers to binary numbers - binary numbers to decimal
numbers
 calculate data storage
1. Make a cut-out on the following cards.

2. On a table, lay the cut-out cards with the 16-dot card on the left as shown here:
3. Make sure the cards are placed in exactly the same order. Now, flip the cards so exactly 5
dots show – keep your cards in the same order!
Find out how to get 3, 12, 19. Is there more than one way to get any number? What is the biggest
number you can make? What is the smallest? Is there any number you can’t make between the
smallest and biggest numbers?
DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
Within a computer, information is represented and stored in a digital binary

format. The term bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents the
smallest piece of data. Humans interpret words and pictures; computers
interpret only patterns of bits.
A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1) or a zero digit (0). A bit
can be used to represent the state of something that has two states. For
example, a light switch can be either On or Off; in binary representation, these
states would correspond to 1 and 0, respectively
Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters, numbers and special characters
with bits. A commonly used code is the American Standard Code for Information Refer
Interchange (ASCII). With ASCII, each character is represented by a string of bits. For example:
Capital letter: A = 01000001

Number: 9 = 00001001
Special character: # = 00100011
Each group of eight bits, such as the representations of letters and numbers, is known as a byte.
Codes can be used to represent almost any type of information digitally: computer data, graphics,
photos, voice, video, and music.
CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY
To convert a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is divide the number by 2. Get the quotient
and the remainder. Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2, and get the quotient and remainder again.
Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0. Copy the remainder from bottom to top, and that is the
binary equivalent.
Example: 25
Quotient Remainder
25/2 12 1
12/2 6 0
6/2 3 0
3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1
25 = 11001
Checking:
1 1 0 0 1 multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 equivalents
16 8 0 0 1 results
16 + 8 + 1 = 25
Note: In converting binary numbers to decimal numbers, just do the checking.

In general, when something is represented digitally, the greater the detail, the greater the number
of bits needed to represent it. A low-resolution picture from a digital camera will use around 360
KB, and a high-resolution picture could use 2 MB or more.
Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes are typically used to measure the size or storage
capacity of a device. Examples of components and devices that use byte storage include:
random access memory (RAM), hard disk drive space, CDs, DVDs, and MP3 players.
CDs have a data storage capacity of approximately 700 MB. DVDs have a data storage capacity
of approximately 4.3 GB on a single-layer disc, and approximately 8.5 GB on a dual-layer disc.
BDs have a storage capacity of 25 GB on a single-layer disc, and 50 GB on a dual-layer disc.
Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine the number of bytes being
used. For example:
A file is 20 KB in size
1 KB = 1,024 Bytes
20 * 1,024 = 20,480 bytes in a 20 KB file
If a 20 KB file is stored in a 1 MB folder (1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes of space); then approximately a

total of 51 files can be stored in that folder (1,048,576 / 20,480 = 51.2).
I. Convert the following decimal numbers to binary numbers. Show your solution.
1.) 58 4.) 1050

2.) 101 5.) 2020
3.) 315
II. Solve the problems indicated below. Show your solution.
6. How many 5 MB mp3 files can be stored on a 1 GB flash drive?

7. How many 60 KB jpg files can be stored on 2 MB folder in your hard drive?
How important is it in knowing how the computer works? Explain your answer.
The binary system is used by almost all modern computers and computer-based devices. Within a
computer, information is represented and stored in a digital binary format. Bit is an abbreviation of
binary digit and represents the smallest piece of data. Humans interpret words and pictures;
computers interpret only patterns of bits.
Convert the following decimal numbers to binary numbers. Show your solution.
1.) 190 2.) 218 3.) 307 4.) 220 5.) 500
J. Additional activities for application or remediation (Friday)
Complete the chart below.
ZERO ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE SIX SEVEN
0000 0001
EIGHT NINE TEN ELEVEN TWELVE THIRTEE FOURTEEN FIFTEEN
N
1000
WEEK 5
Content Standard: The learner identifies hazard and risk in computer hardware servicing
Performance Standard: The learner identified and explained hazards and risks
Learning Competency: LO 1. Identify Hazards and Risks
1. Identify Hazards and Risks.
2. Enumerate the three steps used to manage health and safety at work.
3. Explain common hazards encountered by computer technicians and users.
Content:(Subject Matter) Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures
Learning Resources:
Instructional Materials pictures
Procedure:
A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson (Tuesday)
Try to work out the coded numbers below.
1. 4.
2. 5.
3.

In this lesson, you will learn to identify hazards.
Take a look at this workplace. List down the possible dangers that the workers could
encounter
Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control
Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a planned system of working to prevent illness and
injury where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks. Health and safety
procedure is the responsibility of all persons in the computer and technology industries. You
must identify the hazards where you are working and decide how dangerous they are. Eliminate
the hazard or modify the risk that it presents. This Module is intended to give you some
guidelines and advice on common areas of health and safety problems in the computer industry
and to help you gain a general awareness of your responsibilities as user and technician in a
safe environment.
There are three steps used to manage health and safety at work:
1. Spot the Hazard (Hazard Identification)
2. Assess the Risk (Risk Assessment)
3. Make the Changes (Risk Control)
At work you can use these three Think Safe steps to help prevent accidents.
Using the Think Safe Steps

1. Spot the Hazard (Hazard Identification)
Key Point:
A hazard is anything that could hurt you or someone else.
Examples of workplace hazards include:
 frayed electrical cords (could result in electrical shock)
 boxes stacked precariously (they could fall on someone)
 noisy machinery (could result in damage to your hearing)
During work experience, you must remain alert to anything that may be dangerous. If you see,
hear or smell anything odd, take note. If you think it could be a hazard, tell someone.
2. Assess the Risk (Risk Assessment)

Key Point:
Assessing the risk means working out how likely it is that a hazard will harm someone and how
serious the harm could be.
Whenever you spot a hazard, assess the risk by asking yourself two questions:
 How likely is it that the hazard could harm me or someone else?
 How badly could I or someone else be harmed?
Always tell someone (your employer, your supervisor or your health and safety representative)
about hazards you can't fix yourself, especially if the hazard could cause serious harm to
anyone.
For example:
 Ask your supervisor for instructions and training before using equipment.
 Ask for help moving or lifting heavy objects.
 Tell your supervisor if you think a work practice could be dangerous.
If you are not sure of the safest way to do something during work experience, always ask your
work experience supervisor.
3. Make the Changes (Risk Control)
Key Point:
It is your employer's responsibility to fix hazards. Sometimes you may be able to fix simple
hazards yourself, as long as you don't put yourself or others at risk. For example, you can pick
up things from the floor and put them away to eliminate a trip hazard.
One of the most common physical hazards involving computer technicians is cables running
across the floor. If someone trips, falls, and hurts himself because of a cable you ran across the
floor, someone (you, your employer, or your customer) has a serious legal negligence problem. If
you need to temporarily run a cable across the floor, place a Danger sign similar to those "wet
floor" signs used by cleaning services.
For cables that are temporary but will need to run across the floor for a longer
Common hazards encountered by computer technicians and users
A hazard is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and safety of
people or to damage plant and equipment. The situation could involve a task, chemical or
equipment used. Hazard management is a continuous process that can be used to improve the
health and safety of all workplaces.
Physical Hazards
period of time, use "gaffers tape". Gaffers tape is a heavy tape with strong adhesive to stick to
the floor. It comes in a wide range of colors, from unintrusive matte black to hazard warning red.
Although it has strong adhesive, it can be removed easily and cleanly.
For long term cable routing there is a wide variety of cable organizing devices like cable ties,
cable wraps, and cable raceways which can be used to run cable safely along the wall or ceiling.
Other common physical hazards include leaving tools on top of ladders and placing electronic
equipment in precarious positions or on support that is not sturdy enough or not designed for
holding electronic equipment.
Mechanical Hazards
When working on electronic equipment, ask yourself "Is there
any way this equipment could hurt me? You might stick your
hand in a printer and suddenly the paper feed arm moves,
feeding not only paper through the printer, but a piece of your
finger too.
You might move your hand past a computer chassis and lose
a chunk of flesh because it is razor sharp. When working on electronic equipment always be
alert to any possibility of being hurt by moving parts, hot components, or sharp edges.
Chemical Hazards
There is a wide array of chemicals used with electronic
equipment. There are display cleaning chemicals, keyboard
cleaning chemicals, compressed gas dirt and dust removers,
and many cleaning solvents. Some of these chemicals can be
harmful if accidentally swallowed, get on bare skin, or get in
eyes. Before using any chemicals for electronic equipment
always read the warnings and instructions on the label.
Also be very careful when dealing with inkjet printer cartridges, or laser printer toner cartridges.
Ink and toner can stain skin, clothing, and carpet.
Electric Shock Hazard

Inside computers and electronic equipment, there is a range of voltages
from 3.3 volts to 25 volts, most of these are harmless. But at the power
supply, you'll find line voltage, which is a lethal 220 volts.
Most of the time while working inside computers and electronic

equipment, you'll want them unplugged from the wall socket. If you need
to work on equipment while it is still plugged in or powered up, remove
all jewelry and wrist watches.
If you must work inside a line power distribution box, wear an electrician’s rubber insulated
gloves and safety glasses. You might think you don't need these safety devices because you
are going to be extra careful, but one little slip could cause a flaming explosion that could take
off your hand, embed shrapnel in your eyes, or conduct electricity through your heart, where it
takes only 10 milliamps (0.01) to kill a human.
I. Group the following hazards where they belong.
Slippery surfaces Cleaning solvent

Noisy machinery Exposed outlet
Short circuit Muriatic acid
Physical Hazard Chemical Hazard Mechanical Hazard Electric Shock Hazard
II. Put a check mark () if the sentence is true. If not, put a cross mark ().
7. Inside computers and electronic equipment, there is a range of voltages from 3.3
volts to 25 volts, most of these are harmless. But at the power supply, you'll find line
voltage, which is 220 volts that could kill you.
8. Accidentally sticking your hand in a printer and suddenly the paper feed arm moves,
feeding not only paper through the printer, but a piece of your finger too is an
example of a physical hazard.
9. To avoid hazard involving cables running across the floor, you need to temporarily
place a Danger sign similar to those "wet floor" signs used by cleaning services.
10. Assessing the risk means working out how likely it is that a hazard will harm
someone and how serious the harm could be.
G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living (Thursday)
Using the three steps used to manage health and safety at work. Give at least five (5) examples of
possible hazard in your home, Assess the risk and Make the changes
Spot the Hazard Assess the risk Make the changes
Learning the OSH can be used to manage health and be safe at work
I. Identify what kind of hazard each picture shows.
II. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. A is a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and
safety of people
A. Danger B. Hazard C. Risk D. Shock
2. is a planned system of working to prevent illness and injury where you work by
recognizing and identifying hazards and risks
A. Casual safety and health B. Occasional safety and health
C. Occupational safety and health D. Occupational safety and risk
3. Which of the following is NOT a hazard encountered by computer technicians?

A. Chemical Hazard B. Environmental Hazard
C. Mechanical hazard D. Physical hazard
4. A Hazard is a result of either powered or manual (human) use of tools,

equipment or machinery.
A. Chemical B. Electric Shock C. Mechanical D. Physical
5. OSH stands for .

A. Occasional Safety and Health C. Occupational Safety and Health
B. Occasional Safe and Healthy D. Occupational Safe and Healthy
J. Additional activities for application or remediation (Monday)
Write five (5) examples of hazards that you may encounter everyday and give preventive
measures in avoiding these hazards.
WEEK 6
Content Standard: The learner demonstrates proper body position when working with a
PC.
Performance Standard: The learner independently practices proper body position when
working with a PC.
Learning Competency: LO2. Evaluate hazards and risks.
1. Define computer workstation ergonomics.
2. Know how to sit on their place in an appropriate way while they are in front of the PC.
3. Practice computer workstation ergonomics.
Content:(Subject Matter) Computer Workstation Ergonomics
Learning Resources:
a. References: K-12 TLE Learning Module on CHS 7, pages 85-88
Materials
Procedure:
A. Identify the type of hazards by matching Column A with Column. Write only the
letter of the correct answer.
Column A Column B
1. cables running across the floor a. mechanical hazard
2. hot components or sharp edges b. physical hazard
of computers
c. electric shock hazard
3. inkjet printer cartridge
d. chemical hazard
4. exposed power cable
e. CRT monitor high voltage
5. open casing of computer monitor hazard
B. Write True if the statement is correct. If not, write False.
1. Health and safety procedure is the responsibility of all.

2. Spotting the hazard means working out how likely it is that a hazard will harm
someone and how serious the harm could be.
3. If you need to temporarily run a cable across the floor, place a Danger sign
similar to those “wet floor” signs.
4. An LCD monitor has a high voltage anode inside it, which can carry a charge of
up to 25,000 volts, and it still can be holding a high charge days after the power is
removed.
5. Inkjet printer cartridges or laser printer toner cartridges are hazardous to users.
In this lesson, you will learn the meaning of computer workstation ergonomics and know how to sit
on your place in appropriate way while working in front of the PC.
Computer Workstation Ergonomics: Self-Assessment Checklist:

Put a check mark () in appropriate box. Then write your suggested action if your answer is
No.
Chair Yes No N/A Suggested Actions
1. Can the height, seat and back of
the chair be adjusted to achieve
the
posture outlined below?
2. Are your feet fully supported by the
floor when you are seated?
3. Does your chair provide support
for your lower back?
4. When your back is supported, you
able to sit without feeling pressure
from the chair seat on the back of
your knees?
5. Do your armrests allow you to get
close to your workstation?
Computer Workstation Ergonomics

There are various health problems associated with the regular use of computers, such as
stress, eyestrain, and injuries to the wrists, neck, and back.
Employers must take steps to protect employees whose work involves the regular use of
computers.
Computer ergonomics is the discipline of matching the task to the worker using the most
appropriate equipment to optimize human well-being and overall performance. This can be
simplified to ―Modify the workplace, not the individual".
Consideration should be given to:
 The accessories required to operate properly
 The layout of equipment on the desk
 The location of furniture in the room
Work surface height

Adjust the height of the work surface and/or the height of the chair so that the work surface allows
your elbows to be bent at 90 degrees, forearms parallel with the floor, wrist straight, shoulders
relaxed.
Chair
Adjust the seat tilt so that you are comfortable when you are working on the keyboard. Usually,
this will be close to horizontal but some people prefer the seat tilted slightly forwards. Your knees
should be bent at a comfortable angle and greater than 90 degrees flexion. If this places an
uncomfortable strain on the leg muscles or if the feet do not reach the floor, then a footrest should
be used. The footrest height must allow your knees to be bent at 90 degrees. Therefore, the
height of the footrest may need to be adjustable. Adjust the backrest so that it supports the lower
back when you are sitting upright.
Keyboard placement
Place the keyboard in a position that allows the forearms to be close to the horizontal and the
wrists to be straight. That is, with the hand in line with the forearm. If this causes the elbows to be
held far out from the side of the body, then re-check the work surface height. Some people prefer
to have their wrists supported on a wrist desk or the desk. Be careful not to have the wrist
extended or bent in an up position.
Screen placement
Set the eye to screen at the distance that permits you to most easily focus on the screen. Usually,
this will be within an arm's length. Set the height of the monitor so that the top of the screen is
below eye level and the bottom of the screen can be read without a marked inclination of the
head. Usually, this means that the center of the screen will need to be near shoulder height. Eyes
must be level with the tool bar. People who wear bifocal or multi-focal lenses will need to get a
balance between where they see out of their lenses and avoid too much neck flexion.
Desk-top layout
Place all controls and task materials within a comfortable reach of both hands so that there is no
unnecessary twisting of any part of the body. Most people prefer the document holder to be
between the keyboard and the monitor. There are many different types of document holders
available.
Document holder
Place this close to the monitor screen in the position that causes the least twisting or inclination of
the head.
Posture and environment

Change posture at frequent intervals to minimize fatigue. Avoid awkward postures at the
extremes of the joint range, especially the wrists. Take frequent short rest breaks rather than
infrequent longer ones. Avoid sharp increases in work rate. Changes should be gradual enough to
ensure that the workload does not result in excessive fatigue. After prolonged absences from
work the overall duration of periods of keyboard work should be increased gradually if conditions
permit.
Lighting
Place the monitor to the side of the light source/s, not directly underneath. Try to site desks
between rows of lights. If the lighting is fluorescent strip lighting, the sides of the desks should be
parallel with the lights. Try not to put the screen near a window. If it is unavoidable, ensure that
neither the screen nor the operator faces the window. The solution is to increase the refresh rate
of the monitor to at least 75hz.
If the monitor is well away from windows, there are no other sources of bright light and prolonged
desk-work is the norm, use a low level of service light of 300 lux. If there are strongly contrasting
light levels, then a moderate level of lighting of 400 - 500 lux may be desirable.
Glare and reflection

It is important to detect the presence of glare and reflection. To determine whether there is glare
from overhead lights whilst seated worker should hold an object such as a book above the eyes at
eyebrow level and establish whether the screen image becomes clearer in the absence of
overhead glare. To detect whether there are reflections from the desk surface, the worker should
hold the book above the surface and assess the change in reflected glare from the screen.
Using a mouse
A well designed mouse should not cause undue pressure on the
wrist and forearm muscles. A large bulky mouse may keep the
wrist continuously bent at an uncomfortable angle. Pressure can
be reduced by releasing the mouse at frequent intervals, by
selecting a slim-line, low-profile mouse. Keep the mouse as
close as possible to the keyboard, elbow bent and close to the
body.
Posture during Keying

Good posture is essential for all users of computers. It
comprises of a natural and relaxed position, providing
opportunity for movement, and from which the operator can
assume a number of alternative positions. It is not a single,
rigidly defined position.
Typing technique
Typing is a physical activity, and using a keyboard requires skill, hence the need to learn correct
typing technique. Unskilled ('hunt and peck') typists are particularly at risk of Occupational
Overuse Injury because they:
 often use only one or two fingers which may overload the finger tendons;
 are constantly looking from keyboard to screen to keyboard, which may strain neck muscles;
 often adopt a tense posture (wrists bent back and fingers 'poised to strike').
Speed of keying
The efficiency and speed of modern computers makes it possible for a skilled operator to type
extremely quickly. This capability, reinforced by workload pressures means the potential exists for
operators to key at speeds which may cause or contribute to Occupational Overuse Syndrome.
The role of the repetitive movement in injury is not fully understood, but is believed to interfere
with the lubrication capacity of tendons, and the ability of muscles to receive sufficient oxygen
supplies. 10,000 - 12,000 keystrokes per hour is considered an acceptable standard.
Length of time on the keyboard
The maintenance of a fixed posture for long periods is tiring and increases the likelihood of
muscular aches and pains. In addition, long periods of repetitive movement and sustained visual
attention can also give rise to fatigue-related complaints.
It is recommended that operators avoid spending more than five hours a day on keyboard duties
and no longer than 50 minutes per hour without a postural/stretching break.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
Computers –Ergonomic Guidelines

Viewing distance: The monitor should be 2 –2½ feet from the child’s eyes.
Time at computer: Encourage children to use their physical energy.
Seat and height posture: The child should sit high enough to have his arms bent at 90°
Footrest: Use it prevent dangling feet.
Mouse: Find one that fits small hands.
Keyboard: Child-sized keyboards with light pressure keying are recommended.
E. Continuation of the discussion of new concepts (Wednesday)
A. Put a happy face () if the pictures shows computer ergonomics. If not, put a
sad face ).
1. 2.
3. 4. 5.
B. Put a check mark () if the sentence is true. If not, put a cross mark ().
6. The monitor should be placed to the side of the light source/s, not directly underneath
to avoid glare and reflection.
7. You should practice computer ergonomics to avoid various health problems involving
with the regular use of computers.
8. The eye level should be set above the screen of the computer.
9. It is recommended to spend more than 5 hours a day in front of the computer.
10. You should learn correct typing technique to minimize the risk of occupational over-
use injury.
Read each statement below carefully. Write T if you think a statement is TRUE. Write F, if
you think the statement is FALSE.
1. Your knees should be bent at a comfortable angle and greater than 90 degrees flexion when
sitting in front of a computer.
2. A well designed mouse should not cause undue pressure on the wrist and forehead muscles.
3. Set the eye to screen distance that permits you to most easily focus on the screen.
4. Changing posture at frequent intervals maximizes fatigue when using a computer.
5. Place the keyboard in a position that allows the forearms to be close to the horizontal and the
wrists to be straight.
6. It is recommended that operators avoid spending more than five hours a day on keyboard
duties and no longer than 50 minutes per hour without a postural/stretching break.
7. To detect whether there are reflections from the desk surface, the worker should hold the book
below the surface and assess the change in reflected glare from the screen.
8. 10,000 - 12,000 keystrokes per hour is considered an acceptable standard in typing.
9. Good posture is essential for all users of computers.
10. The solution is to increase the refresh rate of the monitor to at least 75hz.
List down some advantages that you can benefit if you practice computer workstation
ergonomics at all times when you are working in front of a PC.

Practicing computer workstation ergonomics is intended to maximize productivity by reducing your
fatigue and discomfort when working in front of a PC.
Color the circle blue if the sentence is true. If not color the circle red.
1. The right lighting can reduce eyestrain, neck strain, and headaches.
2. When you type, hold your fingers, wrists, and lower arms in a straight line from your
keyboard.
3. The computer desk should be deep enough to support your arms when you work at the
computer.
4. When using a computer, keep your feet flat on the floor and your knees slightly lower
than your thighs.
5. A well designed mouse can cause undue pressure on the wrist and forearm muscles.
List down your best practices when working with your PC.
WEEK 7
Content Standard: The learner demonstrates proper use of the computer mouse and
keyboard.
Performance The learner independently uses the computer mouse and keyboard.
Standard:
Learning LO2. Evaluate hazards and risks.
Competency:
1. Define computer mouse and keyboard.
2. Know how to use and set up the mouse and keyboard properly on the workstation.
3. Practice using the computer mouse and keyboard properly.
Content:(Subject Computer Workstation Ergonomics
Matter)
Learning Resources:
a. References: https://www.onhealth.com/content/1/ergonomics_keyboard_and_mouse_setup_computer
https://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Computer-Mouse
https://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Computer-Keyboard
Materials
Procedure:
Label the correct sitting posture.

In this lesson, you will learn the meaning of computer mouse and keyboard. As well as how to set
up the mouse and keyboard properly in your workstation.
On a piece of bond paper, you draw how you hold the mouse and the position of your hands when
you are typing on a keyboard.
Using a computer mouse is one of the first steps to properly operating a computer. The mouse
allows you to move the cursor and click programs. These steps will show you how to use a PC
computer mouse, whether it is plugged into the computer, wireless, or connects via Bluetooth.
1. Familiarize yourself with the mouse.

The front of the mouse points away from you and has two buttons on the left and right which you
can click. These allow you to open programs and menus. In the
middle of these two buttons is a small wheel, which allows you to scroll up
and down pages.
 You can use your index finger to click the left button and the middle
finger to click the right one.
 On the bottom of the mouse is a sensor that allows the mouse to know
where to move.
 A wireless mouse may have a compartment to insert a battery,
2. Place the mouse on a clean, smooth surface, preferably a mouse pad.

This allows the mouse to move without interference. You may have issues
with the mouse if it is not on a mousepad, such as it not scrolling smoothly.
3. Grip the mouse lightly in your dominant hand.

You don’t want to hang on to the mouse too tightly or click with a lot of force.
Keep your fingers relaxed, and keep the mouse at elbow level. If your fingers
become tired, take breaks from the computer.
4. Plug in the mouse with its USB connector.

Your mouse will have a cable extending from it, or it will come with a small
USB connector if it is wireless. USB ports are located in different areas for
every computer, but in general, laptops will have USB ports on the left or right side of the
keyboard; most desktops will have a USB on the front or back of the
computer or either side of the monitor.
 Look for a small square port about the size of your USB connector.
 Insert the USB connector. Flip the USB connector upside down if it does
not fit the first time, but never force the USB connector in.
5. Connect the mouse via Bluetooth if necessary.

Plug the Bluetooth transceiver into a USB port, then press and hold the connect button on the
USB transceiver for five seconds. Next, the connection wizard will pop up, so follow the
instructions in the wizard to connect your device.
6. Make sure the mouse is working.

Your computer should be on, and you should see a cursor on the screen you
can control by moving your mouse. If the mouse isn’t working, try
plugging it in to a different USB port or plugging it in again. Also, make sure a wireless mouse is
on and has batteries.
7. Practice clicking with the mouse.
The left button is the primary button for right-handed users, and the right
button is the primary button for left-handed users. Click the primary button
once to click on something and twice in a row to “double click”
on a program or menu. When clicking the non-primary button, this is called “right-clicking.”
 Single-clicking often selects an item or opens a menu.
 Double-clicking often opens items or folders.
 Right-clicking usually displays a list of things you can do with a
selected item.
8. Practice scrolling and dragging items with the mouse.

Move the wheel with your pointer finger to scroll up and down pages.
To drag an object, place the cursor on it, then press and hold down
the primary button, and move the mouse to a new location. Release
the primary button once you are done.
9. Customize the mouse as needed.

You can change how quickly your mouse pointer moves on the screen, change the
mouse’s primary buttons if you’re left-handed,
and even change the pointer’s appearance. Go
to the settings on your PC to do this.
Basic Mouse Operations
Click
To select an item or choose a menu command, point
the mouse at it with the pointer and click the left
button mouse.
Click and Drag

To move an item is called dragging. To complete this operation, point at the item, click it and
hold down the left mouse button. While holding down the left mouse button, drag the item
where you want it to be. Release the button.
Double Click
This is a shortcut method used to access an item or to open or close a window quickly without
using a menu. To complete this operation, point the mouse pointer to the item and double click
it with the left mouse button.
Right Click
When you click the right mouse button, you can access a drop down menu to
choose what you can do with the item such as “copy”, “paste”, etc. Every menu
is specific to what you click. To perform this operation, point at the desired item
or object and click the right mouse button only once.
E. Continuation of the discussion of new concepts (Wednesday)
A computer keyboard is a typewriter-style device which uses an arrangement of buttons or

keys to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches. Keyboard keys (buttons) typically
have characters engraved or printed on them, and each press of a key typically corresponds
to a single written symbol. However, producing some symbols may require pressing and
holding several keys simultaneously or in sequence. While most keyboard keys
produce letters, numbers or signs (characters), other keys or simultaneous key presses can
produce actions or execute computer commands.
When learning how to use a computer, properly using a keyboard plays a very large role. This
is the main way you will be interacting with your computer, and you can perform a variety of
functions using just the keyboard. First comes mastering the art of typing, a skill which can
significantly enhance your productivity.
Sitting at the keyboard
1. Sit with good posture.

In order to prevent strain on your hands, back, neck, and other joints,
you'll want to sit at the keyboard with good posture. Sit slightly reclined
in your seat, allowing the chair to support your lower back. Ideally, your
elbows should be angled down slightly to promote circulation. Your feet
should be planted firmly on the floor.
2. Center the keyboard.

When typing, your keyboard's spacebar should be centered to
your body. This will help keep you from having to rotate to
reach the keys.
3. Avoid resting your palms or wrist.

Your hands should float above the keys while you type. This will
help you reach keys by moving your hands instead of stretching your fingers. Resting
your palms or your wrist on the front of the keyboard and stretching your
fingers promotes carpal tunnel syndrome.
4. Use a soft touch.

Most keyboards are fairly sensitive and don't need much pressure for
the key to register. Lightly tapping keys will help keep your fingers active and will improve
your speed.
 Keep your wrists straight as you type. Twisting your wrists can
cause discomfort and unnecessary stress.
5. Relax your hands when you’re not typing.

When you're not actively typing, rest your hands. Keeping your hands tense when not
typing can increase stiffness and soreness later.
Learning to Type
1. Open a word processor.

Nearly every computer has a word processor
installed. Even a basic text editor like Notepad will
work. This will let you see what you type while you
practice.
2. Find the Home position with both hands.

The Home position is where your hands will start when your typing, and where your
fingers return to after striking a key. Most keyboards have raised bumps on the F and J
keys. These indicate where your index fingers are placed.
 Slightly arch your fingers and place your fingers on the keys next to F and J .
 Your left pinky rests on A , your left ring finger on S , and your left middle finger on D
 Your right pinky rests on ; , your right ring finger on L , and your right middle finger
on K .
 Your thumbs rest on the spacebar.
3. Practice typing the home keys.
Get used to pressing each key with its corresponding finger.
Memorize the key that each finger rests on through repetition. You
want the home keys permanently imprinted in your memory so
repetition is essential.
4. Use the Shift key to capitalize the home letters.

You can capitalize letters by holding the ⇧ Shift key when you press the letter. Use your
pinky to press and hold the ⇧ Shift key using the hand that isn't
pressing the letter, and then press the letter you want to capitalize.
5. Expand to the keys surrounding the home keys.

Once you have a good handle on the Home keys, you can start
expanding to the other keys on the keyboard. Use the same
repetition exercises to memorize the locations of the other keys.
Use the nearest finger to reach the key.
 If you are keeping your wrists elevated, you will be able
to easily strike the keys that are slightly outside of your
reach.
6. Practice typing basic sentences.

Now that you are able to reach most keys without looking, it's
time to start typing sentences. Try transcribing something
else on your screen without looking at your keyboard.
Sentences like "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
contain every letter in the alphabet, allowing you to practice with
all the keys.
7. Learn the positions of punctuation and symbols.

Punctuation marks such as . , ; , and " are located on the right
side of the keyboard. You can reach these keys using your right
pinky. Many symbols need to have the ⇧ Shift key pressed in
order to
type them.
 Symbols are located above each of the number keys that run along the top of the
keyboard. You will need to have the ⇧ Shift key pressed in order to type them.
8. Focus on accuracy over speed.

While typing fast may seem useful, it won't matter if you're making a lot of errors. Speed
will come with practice, so focus all of your efforts on avoiding mistakes. You'll be typing
faster before you know it.
9. Find a game or program to teach typing skills.

There are lots of programs and games for all ages that
teach typing skills through exercises and gameplay.
These can make typing practice a bit more fun, and can
do a lot for your accuracy and speed.
I. Put a check mark () under True if the statement is correct. If not, put a check mark ()
under False.
True False
1. The mouse allows you to move the cursor and click programs.
2. Keeping your hands tense when not typing can increase stiffness and
soreness later.
3. In order to prevent strain on your hands, back, neck, and other joints, you'll
want to sit at the keyboard with good posture.
4. Single clicking often opens items or folders.
5. Twisting your wrists is comfortable and distressful when typing.
II. Identify the following mouse operations. Write the correct answer.
1. This is a shortcut method used to access an item or to open or close a window quickly
without using a menu.
2. To select an item or choose a menu command, point the mouse at it with the pointer and
click the left button mouse.
3. When you click this mouse button, you can access a drop down menu to choose what you
can do with the item.
4. To complete this operation, point at the item, click it and hold down the left mouse button.
While holding down the left mouse button, drag the item where you want it to be. Release
the button.
Give at least five (5) benefits that you can acquire in using the computer mouse and keyboard
properly.
Using the mouse and keyboard properly is intended to maximize productivity by reducing your
fatigue and discomfort when working in front of a PC.
Write the letter of the correct answer. Choose your answers from the list inside the box.
1. It allows you to move the cursor and click programs.

Double click
2. It is a typewriter-style device which uses an arrangemen
Mouse
of buttons or keys.
3. It selects an item or choose a menu command. Click
4. This is used to access an item or to open or close Keyboard
a window quickly without using a menu.
Right click
5. It can access a drop down menu to choose what you
Click and drag
can do with the item.
Look for the different mouse operations. Use a crayon to color each box.

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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Republic of the Philippines

THIRD QUARTER SIPACKS

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

D. Discussing new concepts

Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools

Anti-static wrist strap – used to prevent ESD damage to computer

Anti-static mat – used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static

Flat head screwdriver – used to loosen or tighten slotted screws.

Philips head screwdriver – used to loosen or tighten crosshead screws.

Torx screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like

Needle-nose plier – used to hold small parts.

Wire cutter – used to strip and cut wires.

Flashlight – used to light up areas that you cannot see well.

Lint-free cloth – used to clean different computer components without

Cable ties – used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a

Multimeter – used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of

Loopback Adapter – used to test the functionality of computer ports.

1. A. Anti-static Wrist Strap

3. Needle Nose Plier

3. These are used to manipulate small parts.

5. It is used to strip or cut wires.

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

C. Presenting examples/instances of the lesson

D. Discussing new concepts

Proper Use of Hand Tools

Flat head screwdriver

Phillips head screwdriver

Needle-nose pliers or tweezers

Proper Use of Cleaning Materials

Computer Cases and Monitors

E. Continuation of the discussion of new concepts

TOOL AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

General requirements for tools and equipment maintenance include:

Good practices include:

1. Regulations require inspections of tools, machines and equipment before use.

3. Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools.

H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

Tool and Equipment Maintenance

What is preventive maintenance and its importance?

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

In this lesson, you will learn to identify types of storage device.

C. Presenting examples/instances of the lesson

I. Answer the following questions:

II. Give the meaning of the following acronyms.

A 5.25-inch floppy drive is older technology and is seldom used.

External Flash Drive

Read-only memory (ROM) chips are located in the motherboard.

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

I. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is NOT a storage device?

3. Which of the following is Not a type of Optical Drive?

5. Which of the following is also known as a thumb drive?

II. Write the definition of each acronyms on the blank line.

J. Additional activities for application or remediation

2 Types of Memory Storage Drives

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

1. Make a cut-out on the following cards.

Within a computer, information is represented and stored in a digital binary

Capital letter: A = 01000001