VICTIMOLOGY - US PERSPECTIVe

PHINMA Cagayan de Oro College
Carmen, Cagayan de Oro City
Graduate School of Criminology and Criminal Justice

Master of Science in Criminology
VICTIMOLOGY: US PERSPECTIVE
Eliezer A Munday II, RN, RCrim

Student
PLTCOL LEMUEL B GONDA, RCrim, MSCrim.

Professor
SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
 A. INTRODUCTION
 B. BODY OF DISCUSSION
(VICTIMOLOGY: US PERSPECTIVE)
 C. CONCLUSION
 D. RECOMMENDATION
 E. REFERENCE
A. INTRODUCTION
Victimology is the study of victimization, including the
psychological effects on victims, the relationship between victims
and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal
justice system—that is, the police and courts, and corrections
officials—and the connections between victims and other social
groups and institutions, such as the media, businesses, and social
movements. (Wikipedia)
A. INTRODUCTION
Under the radical perspective, the whole system of criminal
justice victimizes the underprivileged classes of society not only by
punishing the criminals but by directing attention away from the
victims of the stronger victims (predatory victims who prey on
other lower class victims).
The rhetoric of victimization as currently used tends to divide
the oppressed class into 'bad' (criminals) and 'good' (victims) so that
the attention of the lower classes is diverted from the exploitation
they experience from the state and the privileged to the 'dangerous
victims' of their own class.
A. INTRODUCTION
The state even poses itself as the ultimate victim to intensify
perceptions that anyone who violates laws established by the state
is dangerous and exploitative. Patterns of the economic, political,
and social systems that exploit the poor and powerless are seldom
the focus of the state's crime control activities. Traditional
Victimology also narrows its focus to the study of victims of crimes
committed by the lower class, while ignoring the broader
victimization inherent in the basic structures of society.
Victimology under the radical perspective is much broader and
more penetrating in its definition of and identification of
victimization. (Hans Joachim Schneider 1982)
B. VICTIMOLOGY: US PERSPECTIVE
The victims’ movement in the United States was an outgrowth of
the rising social consciousness of the 1960s that unleashed the
energies of an idealistic generation in that decade and the next. Its
continued strength has come from the social forces on which it
began and from the leadership of extraordinary individuals, some
of whom have personally survived tragedy, and others whom have
brought extraordinary compassion and insight as witnesses to such
tragedy. This has been a source of both praise and criticism in the
international arena.
Number of committed crimes in
the U.S. 2020, by type
In 2020, property crime was the

most common type of crime
committed in the United States,
at 6.45 million cases. In the same
year, there were 1.31 million
cases of violent crime, of which
there were 921,505 cases of
aggravated assault.
STATISTICS
on
Offenders
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

STATISTICS GENDER
on Victims Female 46%
Male 36%
Type Crime Type Crime

Female 47% Simple Assault Female 89% RAPE
Male 46% Simple Assault Male 11% RAPE
HATE CRIME
1 Race 72% - Anti-Black
2 Sexual Orientation 57.8% - Anti-Male Homosexual
3 Religion 18.2% - Anti-Jewish
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

VICTIM COMPENSATION:
The Crime Victims Fund was established by the Victims of Crime
Act of 1984 (VOCA) and serves as a major funding source for
victim services throughout the country.
Sources of funds:
1.criminal fines,
2.forfeited bail bonds,
3.penalty fees,
4.special assessments collected by U.S. Attorney's Offices, U.S.
Courts, and the Bureau of Prisons.
VICTIM COMPENSATION:
• Maximum awards generally range from $10,000 to $25,000.
• Direct reimbursement to, or on behalf of, a crime victim for

the following crime-related expenses:
1. Medical costs and Mental health counseling.
2. Funeral and burial costs.
3. Lost wages or loss of support.
• Other compensable expenses may include eyeglasses or other

corrective lenses, dental services and devices, prosthetic
devices, and crime scene clean-up.
C. CONCLUSION
Crimes can happen almost anywhere, at all times of day, and to just
about anyone. While the criminal justice system plays a role in preventing
victimization through police patrols, neighborhood watch programs, public
media campaigns, and community anti-gang violence programs, you are also
a good resource for protecting yourself. Let's look at some common types of
crimes that you can help prevent yourself from becoming a victim of.
D. RECOMMENDATION
❑ In School, provide crime awareness seminars directed to teaching leaders
of student organization:
1. How to dissuade their members from committing acts of aggression,
2. On discouraging using illegal drugs or alcohol,
3. or engaging in other conduct that could lead to victimization.
D. RECOMMENDATION
Tips to help stay safe:
• To avoid victimization from street crimes or abusers, avoid areas that are unfamiliar to
you.
• Consider carrying a cell phone.
• Travel in groups if possible or walk with the crowd.
• Do not dawdle or appear rushed in a crowd.
• Park in a secure area.
• Keep car doors locked.
• Take a look around the parking lot before unlocking doors and exiting your vehicle.
• Arrive with the crowd to work, school, and other events.
• Avoid gawking.
• Do not maintain eye contact.
• Let someone know of your travel plans.
• Do not carry large amounts of cash.
• Dress to suit the area.
• Stay in well-lit areas.
• Do not wander off well-traveled pedestrian walkways or vehicular avenues.
E. REFERENCE
➢ Dussich, John PJ. "Victimology–past, present and future." Resource
Material Series 70 (2006): 140-145.
➢ Mawby, Rob, and Sandra Walklate. Critical victimology: International
perspectives. Sage, 1994.
➢ ARMOUR, MARILYN. "International Perspectives in
Victimology." International Perspectives In Victimology (2011): 22.
➢ Friday, Paul C., and Gerd Ferdinand Kirchhoff, eds. Victimology at the
transition from the 20th to the 21st century. Shaker Verlag, 2000.
➢ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States#Characteri
stics_of_offenders
➢ https://www.statista.com/statistics/202714/number-of-committed-
crimes-in-the-us-by-type-of-crime/
E. REFERENCE
➢ Victimology in the Radical Perspective (From Victim in International
Perspective, P 105-114, 1982, Hans Joachim Schneider, ed. - See NCJ-
86192)
➢ https://www.ncjrs.gov/ovc_archives/factsheets/cvfvca.htm
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS
Eliezer A Munday II, RN, RCrim

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PHINMA Cagayan de Oro College

Carmen, Cagayan de Oro City

Graduate School of Criminology and Criminal Justice

Eliezer A Munday II, RN, RCrim

PLTCOL LEMUEL B GONDA, RCrim, MSCrim.

In 2020, property crime was the

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

Type Crime Type Crime

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

• Direct reimbursement to, or on behalf of, a crime victim for

• Other compensable expenses may include eyeglasses or other

Eliezer A Munday II, RN, RCrim

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