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    Data Representation - AQA Computer Science Cheat Sheet: by Via

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    indira
    This document provides a concise summary of key concepts related to data representation in computing, including: 1) Different number bases such as binary, decimal, and hexadecimal and how to convert between them. 2) How data is represented digitally as bits, bytes, and larger units. 3) How images and sound are represented digitally through concepts like pixels, color depth, resolution, sampling, and bit rates. 4) Methods for compressing data losslessly like run length encoding and Huffman coding to reduce file sizes.

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    Data Representation - AQA Computer Science Cheat Sheet: by Via

    Uploaded by

    indira
    27 views2 pages
    This document provides a concise summary of key concepts related to data representation in computing, including: 1) Different number bases such as binary, decimal, and hexadecimal and how to convert between them. 2) How data is represented digitally as bits, bytes, and larger units. 3) How images and sound are represented digitally through concepts like pixels, color depth, resolution, sampling, and bit rates. 4) Methods for compressing data losslessly like run length encoding and Huffman coding to reduce file sizes.

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    Deleted 56036 Data Representation Aqa Computer Science

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    This document provides a concise summary of key concepts related to data representation in computing, including: 1) Different number bases such as binary, decimal, and hexadecimal and how to convert between them. 2) How data is represented digitally as bits, bytes, and larger units. 3) How images and sound are represented digitally through concepts like pixels, color depth, resolution, sampling, and bit rates. 4) Methods for compressing data losslessly like run length encoding and Huffman coding to reduce file sizes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views2 pages

    Data Representation - AQA Computer Science Cheat Sheet: by Via

    Uploaded by

    indira
    This document provides a concise summary of key concepts related to data representation in computing, including: 1) Different number bases such as binary, decimal, and hexadecimal and how to convert between them. 2) How data is represented digitally as bits, bytes, and larger units. 3) How images and sound are represented digitally through concepts like pixels, color depth, resolution, sampling, and bit rates. 4) Methods for compressing data losslessly like run length encoding and Huffman coding to reduce file sizes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Data Representation - AQA Computer Science Cheat Sheet

    by [deleted] via cheatography.com/56036/cs/15729/

    Number Bases Binary Addition

    Denary Base 10.


    or
    Deci​‐
    mal
    Binary Base 2. Used by computers to represent all data and
    instru​ctions. Uses 1s and 0s to powers of 2 to represent
    whole numbers.
    Hexa​‐ Base 16. Used in computing because more values can be
    dec​‐ repres​ented by fewer charac​ters. This makes it easier for
    imal humans to read and unders​tand.
    Image: http:/​/ch​ort​le.c​cs​u.e​du/​ass​emb​lyt​uto​ria​l/C​hap​ter​-08​/as​s08​‐
    _3.html
    Converting Between Number Bases

    Denary to Divide by 2, then read the remainders backwards. Binary Shifts


    Binary
    Binary to Multiply the binary numbers (i.e. every single digit) by
    Denary the relevant place value, then add all of these together.
    Denary to Divide by 16, then read the divisors and remainder
    Hexa​dec​‐ backwards. Then convert digits to hex digits.
    imal
    Hexa​dec​‐ 1. Separate the hex digits Binary shifts can be used for multip​lic​ation and division by powers
    imal to 2. Convert each digit to binary of two.
    Denary 3. Concat​enate, then convert to denary
    Binary to Convert to denary, then hex. Image: http:/​/wi​ki.s​ch​ool​cod​ers.co​m/g​cse​/da​ta-​rep​res​ent​ati​on/​num​‐
    Hexa​dec​‐ ber​s/b​ina​ry-​shift/
    imal
    Units of Inform​ation
    Hexa​dec​‐ Convert to denary, then binary.
    imal to Bit b A single binary digit.
    Binary Byte B 8 bits.
    Kilobyte kB 1,000 bytes

    Megabyte MB 1,000 kilobytes.


    Gigabyte GB 1,000 Megabytes.
    Terabyte TB 1,000 Gigabytes.

    By [deleted] Published 14th May, 2018. Sponsored by Readable.com


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    Data Representation - AQA Computer Science Cheat Sheet
    by [deleted] via cheatography.com/56036/cs/15729/

    ASCII vs Unicode Data Compre​ssion

    What is ASCII? Data compre​ssion is used to reduce file size, which means that
    A character set that uses 7 bits, so can represent up to 128 they take up less storage space. Lossy compre​ssion is where some
    charac​ters; this means that only Latin letters can be used (i.e. data is removed - this means that an image would lose some detail.
    charac​ter​s/l​etters from other languages can't be repres​ented). Loss​less compre​ssion preserves all of the inform​ation.
    However, it takes up less space that Unicode.
    Run length encoding (RLE) uses data frequency pairs to reduce
    What is Unic​ode?
    the amount of data stored. It does so by stating the character and
    Unicode is also a character set, but it can represent many, many then the length of the run. Example:
    values, including non-La​tin​-based languages. 1001 1111 0101 can be shown as 1 1 2 0 5 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1

    Repres​enting Images Huffman coding is more efficient than RLE. It is also lossless. It

    Pixel A single point in a graphical issues. Short for 'picture finds the frequency of each data item to create a Huffman tree, which

    element'. assigns the most frequent items the shortest code. When you move
    down a branch to the left, a 0 is assigned. When you move to the
    Bitmap A grid of pixels, with each pixel repres​ented by a binary
    right, a 1 is assigned.
    number.
    total bits needed = number of bits needed per character x number of
    Colour Number of colours that can (not necess​arily are) be
    characters
    depth repres​ented in an image, and the corres​ponding number of
    bits needed to represent each pixel (e.g. 2 bits for 4
    Repres​enting Sound
    colours). The greater the colour depth, the bigger the file
    Sample A measure of amplitude at a given point. Used to
    size.
    convert an analogue wave into a digital format.
    Reso​‐ How much detail there is in an image. The more pixels per
    Sampling The number of samples taken in a second. Measured
    lution inch, the higher the resolu​tion. The higher the resolu​tion,
    rate in Hertz.
    depth the bigger the file size.
    Sampling The number of bits per sample.
    Meta​‐ Gives the software the inform​ation needed to display the
    resolu​tion
    data image properly (size, resolution depth, colour depth).
    Bit rate The number of bits used per second of the audio.
    Bitmap file size = width x height x colour depth (in bits)
    Usually measured in kilobits per second (kbps).

    File size (bits) = sampling rate x resolution x lenght of recording


    (seconds)

    By [deleted] Published 14th May, 2018. Sponsored by Readable.com


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