In chapter 41, Elias is able to stop a riot by lowly townspeople, suggesting they have some power that officials like Don Filipo and Father Salví lack. Lucas asserts that Ibarra is the grandson of the man who killed his father, which is strange since Lucas and Ibarra are brothers. This discrepancy in Rizal's writing shows how Lucas and Ibarra represent different ways of existing in Filipino society, with Ibarra holding influence and Lucas feeling disempowered.
Chapter 42 discusses how characters like Doña Victorina and Captain Tiago fear isolation, unlike Tasio who embraces it for intellectual freedom. The de Espadañas pretend Don Tiburcio is a
In chapter 41, Elias is able to stop a riot by lowly townspeople, suggesting they have some power that officials like Don Filipo and Father Salví lack. Lucas asserts that Ibarra is the grandson of the man who killed his father, which is strange since Lucas and Ibarra are brothers. This discrepancy in Rizal's writing shows how Lucas and Ibarra represent different ways of existing in Filipino society, with Ibarra holding influence and Lucas feeling disempowered.
Chapter 42 discusses how characters like Doña Victorina and Captain Tiago fear isolation, unlike Tasio who embraces it for intellectual freedom. The de Espadañas pretend Don Tiburcio is a
In chapter 41, Elias is able to stop a riot by lowly townspeople, suggesting they have some power that officials like Don Filipo and Father Salví lack. Lucas asserts that Ibarra is the grandson of the man who killed his father, which is strange since Lucas and Ibarra are brothers. This discrepancy in Rizal's writing shows how Lucas and Ibarra represent different ways of existing in Filipino society, with Ibarra holding influence and Lucas feeling disempowered.
Chapter 42 discusses how characters like Doña Victorina and Captain Tiago fear isolation, unlike Tasio who embraces it for intellectual freedom. The de Espadañas pretend Don Tiburcio is a
In chapter 41, Elias is able to stop a riot by lowly townspeople, suggesting they have some power that officials like Don Filipo and Father Salví lack. Lucas asserts that Ibarra is the grandson of the man who killed his father, which is strange since Lucas and Ibarra are brothers. This discrepancy in Rizal's writing shows how Lucas and Ibarra represent different ways of existing in Filipino society, with Ibarra holding influence and Lucas feeling disempowered.
Chapter 42 discusses how characters like Doña Victorina and Captain Tiago fear isolation, unlike Tasio who embraces it for intellectual freedom. The de Espadañas pretend Don Tiburcio is a
Chapter 41 Elías’s story about how he disbanded the riot builds upon the previously mentioned informal chain of command. The fact that two rather insignificant characters were able to stop the chaos suggests that lowly townspeople actually have a certain kind of power that higher officials—like Don Filipo or Father Salví— don’t possess. Lucas’s assertion that Ibarra is the “grandson of the man who put [his] father under the earth” is very strange—since Lucas is the “yellow” man’s brother, readers know that his father is the same person as Ibarra’s grandfather. This seems to be a discrepancy that Rizal fails to address. Nonetheless, if Lucas and Ibarra descend from the same family, they each represent two different ways of existing in Filipino society. Ibarra holds the power and influence of an affluent socialite, whereas Lucas remains disempowered, isolated, and bitter about the ways his family has been wronged. Of course, this bitterness calls to mind Tasio’s advice that Ibarra set aside his notions of revenge if he wants to succeed. Chapter 42 Once again, social relations come to the forefront of the novel. It seems that characters like Doña Victorina (and, for that matter, Captain Tiago) are desperately afraid of isolation, unlike people like Tasio, who embrace estrangement because of the intellectual freedom it affords them. Indeed, the de Espadañas are so obsessed with appearances that Don Tiburcio not only pretends to be a doctor, but pretends to be a doctor in high demand. As such, the couple cultivates an image of themselves as greatly sought after, and this image solidifies their sense of belonging in Filipino high society. The de Espadañas—including Linares—immediately associate themselves with the church by asking after Father Dámaso. This is because they recognize that power in San Diego flows through the friars. In this way, they affiliate themselves with the town’s most influential figures.