PASSAGE ONE (Questions 1-5)

Lincoln’s now famous Gettysburg Address was not, on the occasion of delivery, recognized as the
masterpiece that it is today. Lincoln was not even the primary speaker at the ceremonies, held at the height
of the Civil War in 1863, to dedicate the battlefield at Gettysburg. The main speaker was orator Edward
Everett, whose two-hour speech was followed by Lincoln’s shorter remarks. Lincoln began his small portion
of the program with the words that today are immediately recognized by most Americans: “Four score and
seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated
to the proposition that all men are created equal.” At the time of the speech, little notice was given to what
Lincoln had said, and Lincoln considered his appearance at the ceremonies rather unsuccessful. After his
speech appeared in print, appreciation for his words began to grow, and today it is recognized as one of the
all-time greatest speeches.

1 The main idea of this passage is that 4 When did Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
A.       the Gettysburg Address has always begin to receive pubic acclaim?
been regarded as a masterpiece. A.        After it had been published.
B.       at the time of its delivery the B.        Immediately after the speech.
Gettysburg Address was truly C.        Not until the present day.
appreciated as a masterpiece. D.        After Lincoln received growing
C.       it was not until after 1863 that recognition .
Lincoln’s speech at Gettysburg took
its place in history.
D.       Lincoln is better recognized today
than he was at the time of his
presidency.
2 Which of the following is NOT true
about the ceremonies at Gettysburg
during the Civil War?
A.       Everett was the main speaker.
B.       Everett gave a two-hour speech.
C.       Lincoln was the closing speaker of the
ceremonies.
D.       Lincoln’s speech was longer than
Everett’s
3 According to the passage, when 5 Look at the word it in the passage. Click
Lincoln spoke at the Gettysburg on the word or phrase that it refers to.
ceremonies,
A.       his words were immediately
recognized by most Americans.
B.       he spoke for only a short period of
time.
C.       he was enthusiastically cheered.
D.       he was extremely proud of his
performance.

PASSAGE TWO (Questions 6-12)

Hay fever is a seasonal allergy to pollens. The term “hay fever,” however, is a less than adequate
description since such an attack can be brought on by sources other than hay-producing grasses and since an
attack of this allergy does not incur fever.
The causes of hay fever can be quite varied. Hay fever is generally caused by air-borne pollens,
particularly ragweed pollen. The amount of pollen in the air is largely dependent on geographical location,
weather, and season. In the eastern section of the United States, for example, there are generally three
periods when pollen from various sources can cause intense hay fever sufferings; in the springtime months
of March and April, when pollen from trees is prevalent, in the summer months of June and July, when grass
pollen fills the air, and at the end of August, when ragweed pollen is at its most concentrated levels.
What results from an attack of hay fever is not a fever. Instead, a person with hay fever will suffer symptoms
such as red and itching eyes, a swollen and runny nose, and repeated bouts of sneezing.

6 Which of the following would be the 9 Which of the following is NOT true
best title for the passage? about hay fever in the eastern United
A.    The Relationship between Season States?
and Allergies A.    Suffering from hay fever is equally
B.    Misconceptions and Facts about Hay severe year-round.
Fever B.    Pollen from trees causes hay fever
C.    Hay Fever in the Eastern United suffering in the spring.
States C.    Grass pollen fills the air earlier in the
D.    How Ragweed Causes Hay Fever year than ragweed pollen.
D.    Ragweed pollen is most prevalent at the
end of the summer.
7 According to the passage, which of the 10 Click on the drawing that represents a
following helps to explain why the potential cause of hay fever.
term “hay fever” is somewhat of a
misnomer?
A.       A strong fever occurs after an attack.
B.       The amount of pollen in the air
depends on geographical location.
C.       Hay fever is often caused by ragweed
pollen.
D.       Grass pollen is prevalent in June and
July
8 Which of the following is NOT 11 Which of the following is NOT a symptom
discussed in the passage as a of hay fever?
determining factor of the amount of A.       A high fever
pollen in the air? B.       A runny nose
A.       Place C.       Red eyes
B.       Climate D.       Persistent sneezing
C.       Time of year 12 Click on the paragraph that outlines how,
D.       Altitude when, and where hay fever develops.

PASSAGE THREE (Questions 13-19)

Theories about the movement of the continents have evolved over time as the ability to conduct
scientific study of the continents has improved. Thus, today’s theory of plate tectonics, rather than
contradicting its predecessor, had its roots in the older theory of continental drift.
According to the theory of continental drift, the continents are not fixed in position but instead
move slowly across the surface of the earth, constantly changing in position relative to one another. This
theory was first proposed in the eighteenth century when mapmakers noticed how closely the continents of
the earth fit together when they were matched up. It was suggested then that the present – day continents had
once been one large continent that had broken up into pieces which drifted apart.
Today the modern theory of plate tectonics has developed from the theory of continental drift. The
theory of plate tectonics suggests that crust of the earth is divided into six large, and many small, tectonic
plates that drift on the lava that composes the inner core of the earth. These plates consist of ocean floor and
continents that quite probably began breaking up and moving relative to one another more than 200 million
years ago.
 13 The topic of this passage is 17 According to the passage, what
A.    continental drift constitutes a tectonic plate?
B.    the theory of plate tectonics A.    Lava
C.    the development of ideas about the B.    Only the continents
movement of the earth’s surface C.    The inner core of the earth
D.    eighteenth-century mapmakers D.    The surface of the land and the floor of
the oceans
14 The passage states that theory of 18 Which of the following best describes the
continental drift developed as a result organization of the passage?
of A.       Two unrelated theories are presented.
A.       the fixed positions of the continents B.       Two contrasting opinions are stated.
B.       the work of mapmakers C.       A theory is followed by an example.
C.       the rapid movement of continents D.       One hypothesis is developed from another.
D.       the fit of the earth’s plates
15 Look at the word they in paragraph 2. 19 Click on the paragraph that describes the
Click on a word or phrase earlier the theory.
that they refers to
16 Which of the following is NOT true
about the theory of plate tectonics?
A.       It is not as old as the theory of
continental drift.
B.       It evolved from the theory of
continental drift.
C.       It postulates that the earth’s surface is
separated into plates.
D.       It was proposed by mapmakers.
 

ANSWER KEY

1 C 11 A
2 D 12 P2
3 B 13 C
4 A 14 B
5 his speech 15 continents
6 B 16 D
7 C 17 D
8 D 18 D
9 A 19 P2
10 A
The Creators of Grammar
No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By changing word sequences
and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs and suffixes, we are able to communicate tiny variations in
meaning. We can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take
place, and perform many other word tricks to convey subtle differences in meaning. Nor is this complexity
inherent to the English language. All languages, even those of so-called 'primitive' tribes have clever
grammatical components. The Cherokee pronoun system, for example, can distinguish between 'you and I',
'several other people and I' and 'you, another person and I'. In English, all these meanings are summed up in
the one, crude pronoun 'we'. Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how
widespread it is. So the question which has baffled many linguists is - who created grammar?
At first, it would appear that this question is impossible to answer. To find out how grammar is created,
someone needs to be present at the time of a language's creation, documenting its emergence. Many
historical linguists are able to trace modern complex languages back to earlier languages, but in order to
answer the question of how complex languages are actually formed, the researcher needs to observe how
languages are started from scratch. Amazingly, however, this is possible.
Some of the most recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. At that time, slaves from a
number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer's rule. Since they had no
opportunity to learn each other's languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins
are strings of words copied from the language of the landowner. They have little in the way of grammar,
and in many cases it is difficult for a listener to deduce when an event happened, and who did what to
whom. [A] Speakers need to use circumlocution in order to make their meaning understood. [B]
Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be
exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue. [C] Slave children did not simply copy the
strings of words uttered by their elders, they adapted their words to create a new, expressive language. [D]
Complex grammar systems which emerge from pidgins are termed creoles, and they are invented by
children
Further evidence of this can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign languages are not simply
a series of gestures; they utilise the same grammatical machinery that is found in spoken languages.
Moreover, there are many different languages used worldwide. The creation of one such language was
documented quite recently in Nicaragua. Previously, all deaf people were isolated from each other, but in
1979 a new government introduced schools for the deaf. Although children were taught speech and lip
reading in the classroom, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures
that they used at home. It was basically a pidgin. Each child used the signs differently, and there was no
consistent grammar. However, children who joined the school later, when this inventive sign system was
already around, developed a quite different sign language. Although it was based on the signs of the older
children, the younger children's language was more fluid and compact, and it utilised a large range of
grammatical devices to clarify meaning. What is more, all the children used the signs in the same way. A
new creole was born.
Some linguists believe that many of the world's most established languages were creoles at first. The
English past tense –ed ending may have evolved from the verb 'do'. 'It ended' may once have been 'It end-
did'. Therefore it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created by children.
Children appear to have innate grammatical machinery in their brains, which springs to life when they are
first trying to make sense of the world around them. Their minds can serve to create logical, complex
structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.
1 In paragraph 1, why does the writer include information about the Cherokee language?
A To show how simple, traditional cultures can have complicated grammar structures
B To show how English grammar differs from Cherokee grammar
C To prove that complex grammar structures were invented by the Cherokees.
D To demonstrate how difficult it is to learn the Cherokee language
2 What can be inferred about the slaves' pidgin language?
A It contained complex grammar.
B It was based on many different languages.
C It was difficult to understand, even among slaves.
D It was created by the land-owners.
3 All the following sentences about Nicaraguan sign language are true EXCEPT:
A The language has been created since 1979.
B The language is based on speech and lip reading.
C The language incorporates signs which children used at home.
D The language was perfected by younger children.
4 In paragraph 3, where can the following sentence be placed?
It included standardised word orders and grammatical markers that existed in neither the pidgin language,
nor the language of the colonizers.
A
B
C
D
5 'From scratch' in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:
A from the very beginning
B in simple cultures
C by copying something else
D by using written information
6 'Make-shift' in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
A complicated and expressive
B simple and temporary
C extensive and diverse
D private and personal
7 Which sentence is closest in meaning to the highlighted sentence?
Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how widespread it is.
A All languages, whether they are spoken by a few people or a lot of people, contain grammar.
B Some languages include a lot of grammar, whereas other languages contain a little.
C Languages which contain a lot of grammar are more common that languages that contain a little.
D The grammar of all languages is the same, no matter where the languages evolved.
8 All of the following are features of the new Nicaraguan sign language EXCEPT:
A All children used the same gestures to show meaning.
B The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language.
C The hand movements were smoother and smaller.
D New gestures were created for everyday objects and activities.
9 Which idea is presented in the final paragraph?
A English was probably once a creole.
B The English past tense system is inaccurate.
C Linguists have proven that English was created by children.
D Children say English past tenses differently from adults.
10 Look at the word 'consistent' in paragraph 4. This word could best be replaced by which of the
following?
A natural
B predictable
C imaginable
D uniform
1A, 2C, 3B, 4D, 5A, 6B, 7A, 8D, 9A, 10D
Smart Energy
The next few decades will see great changes in the way energy is supplied and used. In some major oil
producing nations, 'peak oil' has already been reached, and there are increasing fears of global warming.
Consequently, many countries are focusing on the switch to a low carbon economy. This transition will lead
to major changes in the supply and use of electricity. [A] Firstly, there will be an increase in overall
demand, as consumers switch from oil and gas to electricity to power their homes and vehicles. [B]
Secondly, there will be an increase in power generation, not only in terms of how much is generated, but
also how it is generated, as there is growing electricity generation from renewable sources. [C] To meet
these challenges, countries are investing in Smart Grid technology. [D] This system aims to provide the
electricity industry with a better understanding of power generation and demand, and to use this information
to create a more efficient power network.

Smart Grid technology basically involves the application of a computer system to the electricity network.
The computer system can be used to collect information about supply and demand and improve engineer's
ability to manage the system. With better information about electricity demand, the network will be able to
increase the amount of electricity delivered per unit generated, leading to potential reductions in fuel needs
and carbon emissions. Moreover, the computer system will assist in reducing operational and maintenance
costs.

Smart Grid technology offers benefits to the consumer too. They will be able to collect real-time
information on their energy use for each appliance. Varying tariffs throughout the day will give customers
the incentive to use appliances at times when supply greatly exceeds demand, leading to great reductions in
bills. For example, they may use their washing machines at night. Smart meters can also be connected to
the internet or telephone system, allowing customers to switch appliances on or off remotely. Furthermore,
if houses are fitted with the apparatus to generate their own power, appliances can be set to run directly from
the on-site power source, and any excess can be sold to the grid.

With these changes comes a range of challenges. The first involves managing the supply and demand.
Sources of renewable energy, such as wind, wave and solar, are notoriously unpredictable, and nuclear
power, which is also set to increase as nations switch to alternative energy sources, is inflexible. With oil
and gas, it is relatively simple to increase the supply of energy to match the increasing demand during peak
times of the day or year. With alternative sources, this is far more difficult, and may lead to blackouts or
system collapse. Potential solutions include investigating new and efficient ways to store energy and
encouraging consumers to use electricity at off-peak times.

A second problem is the fact that many renewable power generation sources are located in remote areas,
such as windy uplands and coastal regions, where there is currently a lack of electrical infrastructure. New
infrastructures therefore must be built. Thankfully, with improved smart technology, this can be done more
efficiently by reducing the reinforcement or construction costs.

Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to promote and test it are already underway.
Consumers are currently testing the new smart meters which can be used in their homes to manage
electricity use. There are also a number of demonstrations being planned to show how the smart technology
could practically work, and trials are in place to test the new electrical infrastructure. It is likely that
technology will be added in 'layers', starting with 'quick win' methods which will provide initial carbon
savings, to be followed by more advanced systems at a later date. Cities are prime candidates for investment
into smart energy, due to the high population density and high energy use. It is here where Smart
Technology is likely to be promoted first, utilising a range of sustainable power sources, transport solutions
and an infrastructure for charging electrically powered vehicles. The infrastructure is already changing fast.
By the year 2050, changes in the energy supply will have transformed our homes, our roads and our
behaviour.

1 According to paragraph 1, what has happened in some oil producing countries?

A They are unwilling to sell their oil any more.
B They are not producing as much oil as they used to.
C The supply of oil is unpredictable.
D Global warming is more sever here than in other countries.

2 Where in paragraph 1 can the following sentence be placed?

There is also likely more electricity generation centres, as households and communities take up the
opportunity to install photovoltaic cells and small scale wind turbines.
A
B
C
D

3 Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Smart Grid technology to consumers?

A It can reduce their electricity bills.
B It can tell them how much energy each appliance is using.
C It can allow them to turn appliances on and off when they are not at home.
D It can reduce the amount of energy needed to power appliances.

4 According to paragraph 4, what is the problem with using renewable sources of power?
A They do not provide much energy.
B They often cause system failure and blackouts.
C They do not supply a continuous flow of energy.
D They can't be used at off-peak times.

5 In paragraph 6, what can be inferred about cities in the future?

A More people will be living in cities in the future than nowadays.
B People in cities will be using cars and buses powered by electricity.
C All buildings will generate their own electricity.
D Smart Grid technology will only be available in cities.

6 The word 'remote' in paragraph 5 could be best replace by:

A isolated
B crowded
C attractive
D alone

7 The word 'underway' in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to:

A permanent
B complete
C beneficial
D in progress

8 17 What is the main idea of the final paragraph? (paragraph 6).

A To describe who will benefit from Smart Grid technology first.
B To outline the advantages of Smart Grid technology.
C To summarise the main ideas in the previous paragraphs.
D To describe how, where and when Smart Technology will be introduced.

9 In paragraph 6, what can be inferred about the introduction of Smart Grid Technology?
A The technologies which produce most benefits will be introduced first.
B The cheapest technologies will be introduced first.
C The technologies which are most difficult to put into place will be introduced first.
D Technologically advanced systems will be introduced first.
1B, 2C, 3D, 4C, 5B, 6A, 7D, 8D, 9A

Từ vựng Nghĩa tiếng việt

Attack (verb) Tấn công

Attacker (noun) Cầu thủ tấn công

Away game (noun) Trận đấu diễn ra tại sân đối phương

Away team (noun) Đội chơi trên sân đối phương

Ball (noun) Bóng

Beat (verb) Thắng trận, đánh bại

Bench (noun Ghế

Booking Thẻ phạ

Captain (noun) Đội trưởng

Centre circle (noun) Vòng tròn trung tâm sân bóng

Champions (noun) Đội vô địch

Changing room (noun) Phòng thay quần áo

Cheer (verb) Cổ vũ, khuyến khích

Coach (noun) Huấn luyện viên

Corner Quả đá phạt góc

Corner kick (noun) Phạt góc

Lấy bóng từ đội tấn công gần đường biên cho đồng đội ở giữa
Cross (noun or verb)
sân hoặc trên sân đối phương.

Crossbar (noun) Xà ngang

Crossbar hoặc bar Vượt xà

Defend (verb) Phòng thủ

Defender (noun) Hậu vệ

Draw (noun) Trận đấu ḥòa

Dropped ball (noun) Cách thức trọng tài tân bóng giữa hai đội

Equalizer (noun) Bàn thắng cân bằng tỉ số

Extra time Thời gian bù giờ

Fan Cổ động viên

Field (noun) Sân bóng

Field markings Đường thẳng

FIFA  Liên đoàn bóng đá thể giới

Vòng chung kết cúp bóng đá thế giới, 4 năm được tổ chức
FIFA World Cup
một lần

First half Hiệp một

Fit (adj) Khỏe, mạnh

Fixture (noun) Trận đấu diễn ra vào ngày đặc biệt

Fixture list (noun) Lịch thi đấu

Football club Câu lạc bộ bóng đá

Forward (noun) Tiền đạo

Foul (noun) Chơi không đẹp, trái luật, phạm luật

Free-kick Quả đá phạt

Friendly game (noun) Trận giao hữu

Fullback Trận giao hữu

Goal (noun) Cầu thủ có thể chơi mọi vị trí ở hàng phòng ngự

Goal area (noun) Bàn thắng

Từ vựng Nghĩa tiếng việt

Goal kick (noun) Quả phát bóng

Goal line (noun) Đường biên kết thúc sân

Goal scorer (noun) Cầu thủ ghi bàn

Goalkeeper, goalie (noun) Thủ môn

Goal-kick Quả phát bóng từ vạch 5m50

Goalpost (noun) Cột khung thành, cột gôn

Golden goal (noun) Bàn thắng vàng

Ground (noun) Sân bóng

Half-time (noun) Thời gian nghỉ giữa hai hiệp

Half-way line Vạch giữa sân

Hand ball (noun) Chơi bóng bằng tay

Header Cú đánh đầu

Header Quả đánh đầu

Home (noun) Sân nhà

Hooligan (noun) Hô-li-gan

Injured player (noun) Cầu thủ bị thương

Injury (noun) Vết thương

Injury time (noun) Thời gian cộng thêm do cầu thủ bị thương

Keep goal Giữ cầu môn (đối với thủ môn)

Kick (noun or verb) Cú sút bóng, đá bóng

Kick-off (noun) Quả ra bóng đầu, hoặc bắt đầu trận đấu lại sau khi ghi bàn

Laws of the Game Luật bóng đá

League (noun) Liên đoàn

Leftback, Rightback Hậu vệ cánh

Linesman (noun) Trọng tài biên

Local derby or derby game Trận đấu giữa các đối thủ trong cùng một địa phương, vùng

Match Trận đấu

Midfield (noun) Khu vực giữa sân

Midfield line (noun) Đường giữa sân

Midfield player (noun) Trung vệ

National team (noun) Đội bóng quốc gia

Net Lưới

Net (noun) Lưới (bao khung thành), cũng có nghĩa là ghi bàn vào lưới nhà

Offside or off-side (noun

Lỗi việt vị
or adverb)

Opposing team (noun) Đội bóng đối phương

Own goal Bàn đốt lưới nhà

Own goal (noun) Bàn đá phản lưới nhà

Pass Truyền bóng

Pass (noun) Chuyển bóng

Penalty Quả phạt 11m

Penalty area Vòng cấm địa

Penalty area (noun) Khu vực phạt đền

Penalty kick, penalty shot

Sút phạt đền
(noun)

Penalty shootout Đá luân lưu

Penalty spot Điểm chấm phạt đền

Pitch Sân (sân chơi thể thao có vạch)

Pitch (noun) Sân bóng

Play-off Trận đấu giành vé vớt

Possession (noun) Kiểm soát bóng

Red card (noun) Thẻ đỏ

Referee (noun) Trọng tài

Score (verb) Ghi bàn

Score a goal (verb) Ghi bàn

Score a hat trick Ghi ba bàn thắng trong một trận đấu

Scoreboard (noun) Bảng tỉ số

Scorer (noun) Cầu thủ ghi bàn

Second half (noun) Hiệp hai

Send a player off (verb) Đuổi cầu thủ chơi xấu ra khỏi sân

Shoot a goal (verb) Sút cầu môn

Side (noun) Một trong hai đội thi đấu

Sideline (noun) Đường dọc biên mỗi bên sân thi đấu

Silver goal (noun) Bàn thắng bạc 

Spectator (noun) Khán giả

Stadium (noun) Sân vận động

Striker (noun) Tiền đạo

Studs (noun) Các chấm dưới đế giày cầu thủ giúp không bị trượt (đinh giày)

Substitute (noun) Cầu thủ dự bị

Supporter (noun) Cổ động viên

Tackle (noun) Bắt bóng bằng cách sút hay dừng bóng bằng chân

Team (noun) Đội bóng

The kick off Quả giao bóng

Throw-in Quả ném biên

Ticket tout (noun) Người bán vé cao hơn vé chính thức

Tie (noun) Trận đấu hòa

Cách chọn đội thắng trận khi hai đội bằng số bàn thắng bằng
Tiebreaker (noun)
loạt đá luân lưu 11 mét.

To be sent off Bị đuổi khỏi sân

To book Phạt

To head the ball Đánh đầu

 To kick the ball Đá

To pass the ball Chuyền bóng

To score a goal Ghi bàn

To send off Đuổi khỏi sân

To take a penalty Sút phạt đền

Touch line (noun) Đường biên dọc

Underdog (noun) Đội thua trận

Unsporting behavior
Hành vi phi thể thao
(noun)

Whistle (noun) Còi

Winger (noun) Cầu thủ chạy cánh

World Cup Bóng đá thế giới

 
2, MỘT VÀI VÍ DỤ VỀ BÓNG ĐÁ:
 After 35 minutes of trying, he scored a goal and the supporters in the stadium went crazy
because of the beautiful goal.

 Sau 35 phút đầy sự cố gắng thì cuối cùng anh ấy cũng đã có thể ghi bàn và khán giả trong sân
vận động phát cuồng lên vì bàn thắng quá đẹp mắt.
 Our school held a football match for 10 grade students, it is a friendly game
 Trường tôi tổ chức một cuộc đá bóng cho học sinh khối lớp 10 và tôi phải công nhận đây là
một trận giao hữu đầy thiện chí. 
 The referee whistled and the match ended. 
 Trọng tài đã thổi còi và trận đấu đã khép lại. 
 The underdog is disappointed about the match today which definitely happened as
they wanted it to be.
 Đội thua cuộc cảm thấy thất vọng về trận đấu hôm nay và trận đấu nó đã không diễn ra
như họ muốn.