Newborn Head To Toe Assessment

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NEWBORN HEAD TO TOE ASSESSMENT

1 Wash your hands and don PPE if appropriate


2 Introduce yourself to the patient including your name and role
3 Confirm the patient's name and date of birth
4 Briefly explain what the examination will involve using patient-friendly
language
5 Gain consent to proceed with the examination
6 Adequately expose the child for the assessment
7 Encourage the parent(s) to ask questions during the check and to
participate where appropriate
8 Take a brief history of the pregnancy and the delivery (e.g. mechanism of
delivery, complications)
9 Measure the infant’s weight and plot on a weight chart
10 Inspect the infant for clinical signs suggestive of pathology (e.g. pallor,
cyanosis, jaundice)
11 Assess tone by gently moving the newborn's limbs passively and
observing the newborn when they're picked up
12 Measure the infant's head circumference and record it in the baby's
notes
13 Inspect the shape of the head and note any abnormalities
14 Palpate the anterior fontanelle: note if it feels flat (normal), sunken or
bulging (abnormal)
15 Inspect the skin for colour abnormalities (e.g. pallor, jaundice),
bruising/lacerations and birthmarks
16 Inspect the face for dysmorphic features, asymmetry, trauma and nasal
abnormalities
17 Inspect the eyes for abnormalities (position, shape, erythema, discharge)
18 Assess the fundal reflex in each eye
19 Inspect the pinna: note any asymmetry, skin tags, pits or the presence
of accessory auricles
20 Look for clefts of the hard or soft palate and inspect the tongue for
ankyloglossia
21 Inspect the neck for abnormalities (shortened length, lumps, clavicular
fracture)
22 Inspect the upper limbs for abnormalities (e.g. asymmetry, missing
fingers, single palmar crease)
23 Palpate and compare the brachial pulse in each upper limb
24 Inspect the chest for abnormalities and assess the infant’s respiratory
rate and work of breathing
25 Auscultate the lungs
26 Auscultate the heart
27 Assess pulse oximetry
28 Inspect the abdomen for abnormalities (e.g. distension, hernias, cord
stump infection)
29 Palpate the abdomen to assess for organomegaly
30 Inspect the genitalia and note any abnormalities (position of the
urethral meatus, testicular swelling, absent testicle, fused labia)
31 Inspect the lower limbs for abnormalities (e.g. asymmetry, oedema,
ankle deformities, missing digits)
32 Assess tone in both lower limbs
33 Assess movement in both lower limbs
34 Assess the range of knee joint movement
35 Palpate and compare femoral pulses
36 Perform Barlow’s test
37 Perform Ortolani’s test
38 Inspect the back and spine for abnormalities (e.g. scoliosis, hair tufts,
naevi, sacral pits)
39 Inspect the anus for patency
40 Assess a selection of newborn reflexes (e.g. palmar grasp, rooting

reflex, ,Moro reflex)To complete the examination…


41 Explain to the parent(s) that the examination is now finished and offer
to dress the baby
42 Share the results of the assessment with the parents, explaining the
reason for any referrals
you feel are required
43 Check if the parents have any further questions
44 Thank the parents for their time
45 Dispose of PPE appropriately and wash your hands
46 Summarise your findings
47 Document your findings and suggest further investigations/referral

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