Advance Design Validation Guide 2021 Volume I

VALIDATION GUIDE
Advance Design
Validation Guide
Volume I
Version: 2021
Tests passed on: 29 July 2020
Number of tests: 918

ADVANCE VALIDATION GUIDE
INTRODUCTION
The Advance Design Validation Guide 2021 outlines a vast set of practical test cases
showing the behavior of Advance Design 2021 in various areas and various conditions.
The tests cover a wide field of expertise:
 Modeling
 Combinations Management according to Eurocode 0, CR 0-2012, CISC and AISC
 Climatic Load Generation according to Eurocode 1, CR1-1-3/2012, CR1-1-4/2012,
NTC 2008, NV2009, NBC 2015 and ASCE 7-10
 Meshing
 Finite Element Calculation
 Reinforced Concrete Design according to Eurocode 2, NTC 2008 and CSA
 Steel Member Design according to Eurocode 3, NTC 2008, AISC and CSA
 Timber Member Design according to Eurocode 5
 Seismic Analysis according to Eurocode 8, PS92, RPA99/2003, RPS 2011
 Report generation
 Import / Export procedures
 User Interface Behavior
Such tests are generally made of a reference (independent of the specific software version
tested), a transformation (a calculation or a data-processing scenario), a result (given by
the specific software version tested) and a difference, usually measured in percentage as a
drift from a specific set of reference values. Depending on the cases, the used reference
can be a theoretical calculation performed manually, a sample taken from the technical
literature, or the result of a previous version considered as accurate by experience.
In the field of structural analysis and design, software users must always keep in mind that
the results depend, to a great extent, on the modeling (especially when dealing with finite
elements) and on the settings of the numerous assumptions and options available in the
software. A software package cannot entirely replace engineers’ experience and analysis.
Despite all the efforts we have made in terms of quality management, we cannot guaranty
the correct behavior and the validity of the results issued by Advance Design in any given
situation.
This complex validation process is carried out along with and in addition to manual testing
and beta testing, in order to attain the "operational version" status.
Its final outcome is the present guide, which contains a thorough description of the
automatic tests, highlighting both the theoretical background and the results that our
validation experts have obtained by using the current software release.
We hope that this guide will highly contribute to the knowledge and the confidence you keep
placing in Advance Design.
Ionel DRAGU
Graitec Innovation CTO
3
– 1 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD ......................................................................................... 11

1.1 System of two bars with three hinges (01-0002SSLLB_FEM) ............................................................. 12
1.2 Cantilever rectangular plate (01-0001SSLSB_FEM) ............................................................................ 15
1.3 Circular plate under uniform load (01-0003SSLSB_FEM) ................................................................... 17
1.4 Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 0 °) (01-0007SDLSB_FEM) ............................. 20
1.5 Thin circular ring fixed in two points (01-0006SDLLB_FEM)............................................................... 22

1.6 Tied (sub-tensioned) beam (01-0005SSLLB_FEM) .............................................................................. 25
1.7 Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 15 °) (01-0008SDLSB_FEM) ........................... 29
1.8 Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 45 °) (01-0010SDLSB_FEM) ........................... 31
1.9 Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane (case 1) (01-0011SDLLB_FEM) ................................. 33
1.10 Thin circular ring hanged on an elastic element (01-0014SDLLB_FEM) ............................................ 35
1.11 Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane (case 3) (01-0013SDLLB_FEM) ................................ 38
1.12 Double fixed beam with a spring at mid span (01-0015SSLLB_FEM) ................................................ 40
1.13 Slender beam with variable section (fixed-free) (01-0004SDLLB_FEM)............................................. 43

1.14 Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 30 °) (01-0009SDLSB_FEM) .......................... 46
1.15 Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane (case 2) (01-0012SDLLB_FEM) ................................ 48
1.16 Short beam on simple supports (eccentric) (01-0018SDLLB_FEM)................................................... 51
1.17 Rectangular thin plate simply supported on its perimeter (01-0020SDLSB_FEM) ............................ 55
1.18 Annular thin plate fixed on a hub (repetitive circular structure) (01-0022SDLSB_FEM) ................... 58
1.19 Slender beam on two fixed supports (01-0024SSLLB_FEM) ............................................................. 60
1.20 Short beam on simple supports (on the neutral axis) (01-0017SDLLB_FEM).................................... 64
1.21 Cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling (01-0021SFLLB_FEM) ............................................................. 67
1.22 Bending effects of a symmetrical portal frame (01-0023SDLLB_FEM) .............................................. 69
1.23 Fixed thin arc in planar bending (01-0027SSLLB_FEM)..................................................................... 72
1.24 Fixed thin arc in out of plane bending (01-0028SSLLB_FEM)............................................................ 75
1.25 Double fixed beam (01-0016SDLLB_FEM).......................................................................................... 77

1.26 Thin square plate fixed on one side (01-0019SDLSB_FEM) ............................................................... 80
1.27 Slender beam on three supports (01-0025SSLLB_FEM) .................................................................... 83
1.28 Bimetallic: Fixed beams connected to a stiff element (01-0026SSLLB_FEM) ................................... 86
1.29 Truss with hinged bars under a punctual load (01-0031SSLLB_FEM)............................................... 89
1.30 Beam on elastic soil, free ends (01-0032SSLLB_FEM) ...................................................................... 91
1.31 Caisson beam in torsion (01-0037SSLSB_FEM) ................................................................................ 94
1.32 Portal frame with lateral connections (01-0030SSLLB_FEM)............................................................. 97
1.33 EDF Pylon (01-0033SFLLA_FEM) ..................................................................................................... 100
1.34 Square plate under planar stresses (01-0039SSLSB_FEM) ............................................................. 104
1.35 Stiffen membrane (01-0040SSLSB_FEM) ......................................................................................... 107
1.36 Beam on elastic soil, hinged ends (01-0034SSLLB_FEM) ............................................................... 110
4
1.37 Double hinged thin arc in planar bending (01-0029SSLLB_FEM).....................................................113
1.38 Simply supported square plate (01-0036SSLSB_FEM) .....................................................................116

1.39 Thin cylinder under a uniform radial pressure (01-0038SSLSB_FEM) .............................................118
1.40 Thin cylinder under its self weight (01-0044SSLSB_MEF)................................................................120
1.41 Thin cylinder under a hydrostatic pressure (01-0043SSLSB_FEM) .................................................122
1.42 Simply supported square plate under a uniform load (01-0051SSLSB_FEM) ..................................125
1.43 Spherical dome under a uniform external pressure (01-0050SSLSB_FEM) .....................................127
1.44 Beam on two supports considering the shear force (01-0041SSLLB_FEM) ....................................130
1.45 Torus with uniform internal pressure (01-0045SSLSB_FEM) ...........................................................132

1.46 Spherical shell with holes (01-0049SSLSB_FEM) .............................................................................134
1.47 Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load (01-0053SSLSB_FEM)...........................136
1.48 Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load (01-0052SSLSB_FEM)...........................138
1.49 Thin cylinder under a uniform axial load (01-0042SSLSB_FEM) ......................................................140
1.50 Spherical shell under internal pressure (01-0046SSLSB_FEM)........................................................143

1.51 Pinch cylindrical shell (01-0048SSLSB_FEM) ...................................................................................146
1.52 A plate (0.01 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (01-0057SSLSB_FEM)148
1.53 Triangulated system with hinged bars (01-0056SSLLB_FEM)..........................................................150
1.55 A plate (0.01 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-0062SSLSB_FEM) 154
1.56 A plate (0.01333 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a uniform pressure (01-
0058SSLSB_FEM) ........................................................................................................................................156
1.60 Shear plate perpendicular to the medium surface (01-0055SSLSB_FEM) .......................................164
1.61 Simply supported rectangular plate loaded with punctual force and moments (01-0054SSLSB_FEM)166
1.63 A plate (0.01333 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-0063SSLSB_FEM)170
1.64 Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in space (case 2) (01-0068SDLLB_FEM)..............................172
1.65 Reactions on supports and bending moments on a 2D portal frame (Rafters) (01-0077SSLPB_FEM)174
1.66 Plane portal frame with hinged supports (01-0089SSLLB_FEM)......................................................176
1.67 Slender beam of variable rectangular section (fixed-fixed) (01-0086SDLLB_FEM)..........................178
1.69 Short beam on two hinged supports (01-0084SSLLB_FEM) ............................................................183
1.71 Double fixed beam in Eulerian buckling with a thermal load (01-0091HFLLB_FEM) .......................188
1.72 Double fixed beam in Eulerian buckling with a thermal load (01-0091HFLLB_FEM) .......................190
1.73 A plate (0.1 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-0066SSLSB_FEM) ..192
5
1.74 Reactions on supports and bending moments on a 2D portal frame (Columns) (01-
0078SSLPB_FEM) ........................................................................................................................................ 194
1.75 Slender beam of variable rectangular section with fixed-free ends (ß=5) (01-0085SDLLB_FEM) ... 196
1.76 Fixed/free slender beam with eccentric mass or inertia (01-0096SDLLB_FEM) .............................. 201
1.77 Membrane with hot point (01-0099HSLSB_FEM) ............................................................................. 205
1.78 Beam on 3 supports with T/C (k = 0) (01-0100SSNLB_FEM) ............................................................ 208
1.79 A 3D bar structure with elastic support (01-0094SSLLB_FEM) ....................................................... 211
1.80 Fixed/free slender beam with centered mass (01-0095SDLLB_FEM) .............................................. 218
1.81 Simple supported beam in free vibration (01-0098SDLLB_FEM) ..................................................... 223
1.82 Beam on 3 supports with T/C (k = -10000 N/m) (01-0102SSNLB_FEM) ............................................ 226
1.83 Linear system of truss beams (01-0103SSLLB_FEM) ...................................................................... 229
1.84 BAEL 91 (concrete design) - France: Linear element in combined bending/tension - without
compressed reinforcements - Partially tensioned section (02-0158SSLLB_B91) ...................................... 232
1.85 Cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling with thermal load (01-0092HFLLB_FEM).............................. 237
1.86 Double cross with hinged ends (01-0097SDLLB_FEM).................................................................... 239

1.87 Beam on 3 supports with T/C (k -> infinite) (01-0101SSNLB_FEM).................................................. 242
1.88 BAEL 91 (concrete design) - France: Design of a concrete floor with an opening (03-
0208SSLLG_BAEL91) .................................................................................................................................. 245
1.89 CM66 (steel design) - France: Design of a 2D portal frame (03-0207SSLLG_CM66) ....................... 253
1.90 BAEL 91 (concrete design) - France: Linear element in simple bending - without compressed
reinforcement (02-0162SSLLB_B91) ........................................................................................................... 260
1.91 CM66 (steel design) - France: Design of a Steel Structure (03-0206SSLLG_CM66) ........................ 264
1.92 PS92 - France: Study of a mast subjected to an earthquake (02-0112SMLLB_P92) ........................ 273
1.93 Non linear system of truss beams (01-0104SSNLB_FEM) ............................................................... 278
1.94 Generating planar efforts before and after selecting a saved view (TTAD #11849) ......................... 281
1.95 Verifying forces for triangular meshing on planar element (TTAD #11723)..................................... 281
1.96 Verifying stresses in beam with "extend into wall" property (TTAD #11680) .................................. 281
1.97 Verifying the displacement results on linear elements for vertical seism (TTAD #11756) .............. 281
1.98 Verifying constraints for triangular mesh on planar elements (TTAD #11447) ................................ 281
1.99 Verifying diagrams after changing the view from standard (top, left,...) to user view (TTAD #11854)282
1.100 Verifying forces results on concrete linear elements (TTAD #11647) ............................................ 282
1.101 Generating results for Torsors NZ/Group (TTAD #11633) .............................................................. 282
1.102 Verifying Sxx results on beams (TTAD #11599) ............................................................................. 282
1.103 Verifying diagrams for Mf Torsors on divided walls (TTAD #11557) .............................................. 282
1.104 EC8 / NF EN 1998-1 - France: Verifying the level mass center (TTAD #11573, TTAD #12315) ....... 283
1.105 Verifying results on punctual supports (TTAD #11489) ................................................................. 283
1.106 Verifying nonlinear analysis results for frames with semi-rigid joints and rigid joints (TTAD
#11495) ........................................................................................................................................................ 283
1.107 Generating a report with torsors per level (TTAD #11421) ............................................................. 283
1.108 Verifying tension/compression supports on nonlinear analysis (TTAD #11518)........................... 283
6
1.109 Verifying tension/compression supports on nonlinear analysis (TTAD #11518) ...........................284
1.110 Verifying the main axes results on a planar element (TTAD #11725) .............................................284
1.111 Verifying the display of the forces results on planar supports (TTAD #11728)..............................284
1.112 Verifying the internal forces results for a simple supported steel beam .......................................284
1.113 Verifying forces on a linear elastic support which is defined in a user workplane (TTAD #11929)285
1.114 Verifying torsors on a single story coupled walls subjected to horizontal forces .........................285
1.115 Calculating torsors using different mesh sizes for a concrete wall subjected to a horizontal force
(TTAD #13175) ..............................................................................................................................................285
1.116 Verifying results of a steel beam subjected to dynamic temporal loadings (TTAD #14586) ..........286
1.117 Verifying a simply supported concrete slab subjected to temperature variation between top and
bottom fibers ................................................................................................................................................289
1.118 FEM Results - United Kingdom: Simply supported laterally restrained (from P364 Open Sections
Example 2)....................................................................................................................................................290
1.119 Verifying the correct use of symmetric steel cross sections (eg. IPE300S) ...................................292
1.120 Temperature load: SD frame with elements under tempertature gradient, applied on separate
systems ........................................................................................................................................................292
1.121 Verifying displacements of a prestressed cable structure with results presented in Tibert, 1999.292
1.122 Checks the bending moments in the central node of a steel frame with two beams having a
rotational stiffness of 42590 kN/m. ..............................................................................................................292
1.123 Verifies the ultimate factored gravity loads acting on elements of a structure ..............................293
1.124 Verifies the response spectrum analysis results for a 2D frame ....................................................297
1.125 Verifying results for prestressed steel cables (Sxx 10MPa) ...........................................................302
1.126 Imposed displacement, support settlement (d=30mm) ..................................................................302
1.127 Plane strain behavior - dam cross-section supporting earth/water pressure of 0.7 and 1 MPa ....302
1.128 Spectral/Seismic analysis for rigid diaphragm (membrane) subjected to bidirectional seismic
action .........................................................................................................................................................302
1.129 Modal analysis of a structure with ”membrane” type element .......................................................303
1.130 Modal analysis of a structure with rigid diaphragm .......................................................................303
1.131 Time history analysis on concrete membrane subjected to dynamic punctual load .....................303
1.132 Modal analysis of a structure with “bar” type elements .................................................................304
1.133 Modal analysis of a structure with planar elastic supports (global coordinate system)................308
1.134 Modal analysis of a structure with an elastic linear support (global coordinate system) ..............313
1.135 Generalized buckling analysis on bending rigid structure made of short beam elements ............317
1.136 Generalized buckling analysis on bending rigid structure made of variable section beams ........319
1.137 Modal analysis of a structure with an elastic linear support (local coordinate system) ................321
1.138 Modal analysis of a structure with elastic releases on linear elements .........................................325
1.139 Generalized buckling analysis on membrane element ...................................................................329
1.140 Generalized buckling analysis on windwall defined as rigid diaphragm element ..........................331
1.141 Generalized buckling analysis on column with elastic support in global coordinate system .......333
1.142 Modal analysis of a structure with elastic punctual supports (local coordinate system) ..............335
1.143 Modal analysis of a structure with releases on beam elements .....................................................340
7
1.144 Generalized buckling analysis on 2D truss structure made of bar elements. ............................... 344
1.145 Generalized buckling analysis on shell with planar elastic support in global coordinate system 346
1.146 Generalized buckling analysis on shell with linear elastic support in global coordinate system . 348
1.147 Dynamic analysis - Verifies displacements on beam with point mass subject to seismic load.... 350
1.148 Dynamic analysis - Verifies modal mass participation percentages on a model with point mass
subject to seismic load ............................................................................................................................... 352
1.149 Generalized buckling analysis on shell with linear elastic support in local coordinate system ... 354
1.150 Generalized buckling analysis on beams with elastic releases ..................................................... 356
1.151 Dynamic analysis – Verifies the displacements of a sloped frame rafter subject to horizontal
seismic action.............................................................................................................................................. 359
1.152 Dynamic analysis – Verifies the envelope of node displacement on linear element with elastic
releases subject to Dynamic Temporal Load .............................................................................................. 361
1.153 Dynamic analysis – Verifies the displacements of a sloped frame rafter with elastic releases
subject to horizontal seismic action ........................................................................................................... 363
1.154 Generalized buckling analysis on column with elastic support, in local coordinate system ........ 365
1.155 Generalized buckling analysis on model with beam elements with specific releases .................. 367
1.156 Dynamic analysis – Verifies the envelope of node displacement on linear element under Dynamic
Temporal Load............................................................................................................................................. 369
1.157 Time history analysis – Verifies the displacements on a column with elastic punctual support
(local coordinate system) subject to dynamic temporal load at the top .................................................... 371
1.158 Time history analysis – Verifying the displacements on a cantilever column connected to a steel
plate on elastic support in global coordinate system ................................................................................. 373
1.159 Time history analysis – Verifies displacements, forces and bending moments for beam elements
structure subject to dynamic temporal loads ............................................................................................. 375
1.160 Time history analysis - Verifies displacements, forces and bending moments for variable beam
elements structure subject to dynamic temporal loads ............................................................................. 377
(global coordinate system) subject to dynamic temporal load at the top .................................................. 379
1.162 Time history analysis – Verifies the displacements on shell element with linear elastic support
(local coordinate system) subject to point dynamic temporal load............................................................ 381
1.163 NL static analysis on T/C point supports – Verifies displacements on linear elements and forces
on supports operating in compression with elastic stiffness defined in local coordinate system............ 383
on supports operating in compression with elastic stiffness defined in global coordinate system ......... 383
1.165 Time history analysis – Verifies displacements for a rigid membrane model subject to time history
analysis load case ....................................................................................................................................... 384
1.166 Time history analysis – Verifies the displacements on a column with fixed support subject to
dynamic temporal load at the top................................................................................................................ 386
1.167 Time history analysis – Verifies displacements and forces for bar elements subject to dynamic
temporal load............................................................................................................................................... 388
1.168 Time history analysis - Verifies displacements, forces and bending moments for S beam elements
structure subject to dynamic temporal loads ............................................................................................. 390
1.169 NL static analysis on T/C linear supports – Verifies displacements on planar elements and torsors
on linear supports operating in compression with elastic stiffness defined in global coordinate system 392
on linear supports operating in tension with elastic stiffness defined in local coordinate system ........... 392
8
on supports operating in tension with elastic stiffness defined in local coordinate system .....................392
on linear supports operating in compression with elastic stiffness defined in local coordinate system ..393
on linear supports operating in tension with elastic stiffness defined in global coordinate system .........393
1.174 NL static analysis on T/C planar supports – Verifies displacements on elements and torsors on
supports operating in compression with elastic stiffness defined in global coordinate system ...............393
supports operating in compression with elastic stiffness defined in local coordinate system .................394
supports operating in tension with elastic stiffness defined in local coordinate system ..........................394
on supports operating in tension with elastic stiffness defined in global coordinate system ...................394
1.178 Time history analysis – Verifies displacements and bending moments for a plate type element
subject to dynamic temporal load case .......................................................................................................395
supports operating in tension with elastic stiffness defined in global coordinate system ........................397
1.180 Elastic punctual (local coordinate system) supports in Linear static analysis – Verifies
displacements on a cantilever column (S beam type) .................................................................................398
1.181 T/C planar support (global coordinate system) in Non-Linear static analysis – Verifies
displacements on a horizontal plate (shell type) subject to uniform distributed planar load .....................400
1.182 Elastic linear (global coordinate system) support in Linear static analysis – Verifies
displacements on a S type beam subject to point force at midspan ..........................................................402
1.183 NL static analysis on strut element type - Verifies nodal displacements and forces in strut after
performing NL static analysis ......................................................................................................................404
1.184 T/C punctual (local coordinate system) supports in Non-Linear static analysis – Verifies
displacements on a cantilever column (S beam type) .................................................................................405
1.185 Elastic linear (local coordinate system) support in Linear static analysis – Verifies displacements
on a S type beam subject to point force at midspan ...................................................................................407
1.186 T/C linear (local coordinate system) support in Non-Linear static analysis – Verifies
1.187 T/C linear (global coordinate system) support in Non-Linear static analysis – Verifies
1.188 NL static analysis on membrane – Verifies nodal displacements and forces in the planar element
after performing NL static analysis..............................................................................................................412
1.189 Elastic planar support (global coordinate system) in Linear static analysis – Verifies
displacements on a horizontal plate (shell type) subject to uniform distributed planar load.....................413
1.190 NL static analysis on variable beam steel frame - Verifies nodes displacements after performing
NL static analysis .........................................................................................................................................415
1.191 Verify the behavior of elastic displacement release on one end of a beam in static analysis
(200kN/m) .....................................................................................................................................................418
1.192 Torsors/Groups of walls with rotated local axes, z+ and z- (load 10kN/m at top on z direction) -
check MX, MY / Group ..................................................................................................................................418
1.193 Nonlinear static analysis on 3D model with rigid diaphragm defined as shell with DOF constraint
subjected to horizontal and gravitational loads ..........................................................................................419
1.194 NL static analysis on 3D model with windwall defined as rigid diaphragm subject to horizontal and
gravitational loads........................................................................................................................................423
9
check MX, TY / Group, Mf and Tyz .............................................................................................................. 423
1.196 Torsors/Groups of walls with rotated local axes, z+ and z- (load 10kN at top in the walls plane) -
check MX, TY / Group, Mz and Txy .............................................................................................................. 423
check MY, TX, Mf and Tyz............................................................................................................................ 424
1.198 Verify the behavior of elastic rotational releases on both ends of a beam in static analysis
(100kNm/deg)............................................................................................................................................... 424
1.199 Torsors/Groups of walls with rotated local axes, z+ and z- (load 10kN at top in the walls plane) -
check MY, TX / Group, Mz, Txy .................................................................................................................... 424
1.200 Torsors/Groups of walls with rotated local axes, z+ and z- (load 10kN at top at angle with walls
plane) - check Mz, Mf, Txy, Tyz.................................................................................................................... 424
1.201 Verifying the resultant forces on single walls ................................................................................ 425
1.202 Verifying the sum of actions on supports ...................................................................................... 425

1.203 Pushover Analysis - Verifies the Pushover load distribution - Concentrated ............................... 425
1.204 Pushover Analysis - Verifies the Pushover load distribution - Triangular..................................... 425
1.205 Pushover Analysis - Verifies the Pushover load distribution - Uniform ........................................ 426
1.206 Pushover Analysis: Verifying the Pushover Analysis on a converted model (Advance Design
2020.2) ........................................................................................................................................................ 426
1.207 EC3/ NF EN1993-1-1/NA France: Pushover Analysis - Verifies the limit states and status of a steel
EC8-3 flexural plastic hinge ........................................................................................................................ 427
1.208 EC3/ NF EN 1993-1-1/NA - France: Pushover Analysis - Verifies the status of a steel FEMA flexural
plastic hinge ................................................................................................................................................ 427
1.209 Verifying the resultant forces on a group of walls ......................................................................... 428
1.210 AISC: Pushover Analysis - Verifies the status of a steel FEMA flexural plastic hinge .................. 433
1.211 Time history analysis – Verifies the displacements on shell element with linear elastic support
(global coordinate system) subject to point dynamic temporal load ......................................................... 434
1.212 AISC: Pushover Analysis - Verifies the status of a steel EC8-3 flexural plastic hinge .................. 436
1.213 Pushover Analysis - Verifies the Pushover load distribution - Parabolic ...................................... 436
10
1 Finite Element Method
1.1 System of two bars with three hinges (01-0002SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2434

Test status: Passed
1.1.1 Description
On a system of two bars (AC and BC) with three hinges, a punctual load in applied in point C. The vertical
displacement in point C and the tensile stress on the bars are verified.
1.1.2 Background
1.1.2.1 Model description

■ Reference: Structure Calculation Software Validation Guide, test SSLL 09/89;
■ Analysis type: linear static;
■ Element type: linear.
System of two bars with three hinges Scale =1/33
E
ff
e l
2 0
01-St
ruc
tur
e -10
.1
Ech=1/33
Système de deux barres à trois rotules
0002SSLLB_FEM 0 1 - 0 0 0 2 S S LLB_ M E F
3 0 °
3 0 °
4 . 5 0 0 m
4 . 5 0 0 m
Z X
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Bars angle relative to horizontal:  = 30°,
■ Bars length: l = 4.5 m,
■ Bar section: A = 3 x 10-4 m2.
Materials properties
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Hinged in A and B,
■ Inner: Hinge on C
12
Loading
3
■ External: Punctual load in C: F = -21 x 10 N.
■ Internal: None.
1.1.2.2 Displacement of the model in C
Reference solution
uc = -3 x 10-3 m
Finite elements modeling

■ Linear element: beam, imposed mesh,
■ 21 nodes,
■ 20 linear elements.
Displacement shape

Displacement in C 0002SSLLB_FEM
1.1.2.3 Bars stresses
Reference solutions
AC bar = 70 MPa
BC bar = 70 MPa

■ 21 nodes,
13
1.1.2.4 Shape of the stress diagram

Bars stresses 0002SSLLB_FEM
1.1.2.5 Theoretical results

Solver Result name Result description Reference value
CM2 DZ Vertical displacement in point C [cm] -0.30
CM2 Sxx Tensile stress on AC bar [MPa] 70
CM2 Sxx Tensile stress on BC bar [MPa] 70
1.1.3 Calculated results

Result name Result description Value Error
DZ Vertical displacement in point C [cm] -0.299954 cm 0.02%
Sxx Tensile stress on AC bar [MPa] 69.9998 MPa 0.00%
Sxx Tensile stress on BC bar [MPa] 69.9998 MPa 0.00%
14
1.2 Cantilever rectangular plate (01-0001SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2433

Test status: Passed
1.2.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement on the free extremity of a cantilever rectangular plate fixed on one side. The plate is
1 m long, subjected to a uniform planar load.
1.2.2 Background

■ Reference: Structure Calculation Software Validation Guide, test SSLS 01/89.
■ Analysis type: linear static.
■ Element type: planar.
Cantilever rectangular plate Scale =1/4
01-0001SSLSB_FEM
Units
S.I.
Geometry
■ Thickness: e = 0.005 m,
■ Length: l = 1 m,
■ Width: b = 0.1 m.
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa,
■ Poisson's ratio:  = 0.3.
15
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed at end x = 0,
■ Inner: None.
Loadings
■ External: Uniform load p = -1700 Pa on the upper surface,
■ Internal: None.
1.2.2.2 Displacement of the model in the linear elastic range
Reference solution
The reference displacement is calculated for the unsupported end located at x = 1m.
4 4
bl p 0.1 x 1 x 1700
u= = 3 = -9.71 cm
8EIz 11 0.1 x 0.005
8 x 2.1 x 10 x
12

■ Planar element: plate, imposed mesh,
■ 1100 nodes,
■ 990 surface quadrangles.
Deformed shape
Deformed cantilever rectangular plate Scale =1/4

01-0001SSLSB_FEM

CM2 DZ Vertical displacement on the free extremity [cm] -9.71

DZ Vertical displacement on the free extremity [cm] -9.58696 cm 1.27%
16
1.3 Circular plate under uniform load (01-0003SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2435

Test status: Passed
1.3.1 Description
On a circular plate of 5 mm thickness and 2 m diameter, an uniform load, perpendicular on the plan of the plate, is
applied. The vertical displacement on the plate center is verified.
1.3.2 Background

■ Reference: Structure Calculation Software Validation Guide, test SSLS 03/89;
Circular plate under uniform load Scale =1/10
01-0003SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Circular plate radius: r = 1m,
■ Circular plate thickness: h = 0.005 m.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Plate fixed on the side (in all points of its perimeter),
For the modeling, we consider only a quarter of the plate and we impose symmetry conditions on some nodes
(see the following model; yz plane symmetry condition):translation restrained nodes along x and rotation
restrained nodes along y and z: translation restrained nodes along x and rotation restrained nodes along y and
z:
■ Inner: None.
17
Loading
■ External: Uniform loads perpendicular on the plate: pZ = -1000 Pa,
■ Internal: None.
1.3.2.2 Vertical displacement of the model at the center of the plate
Reference solution
Circular plates form:
4 4
pr -1000 x 1
u= = = - 6.50 x 10-3 m
64D 64 x 2404
Eh3 2.1 x 1011 x 0.0053
with the plate radius coefficient: D = 2 = 2
12(1- ) 12(1-0.3 )
D = 2404

■ 70 nodes,
■ 58 planar elements.
Circular plate under uniform load Scale =1.5
Meshing 01-0003SSLSB_FEM
Deformed shape
Circular plate under uniform load Scale =1.5

Deformed 01-0003SSLSB_FEM
18

CM2 DZ Vertical displacement on the plate center [mm] -6.50

DZ Vertical displacement on the plate center [mm] -6.47032 mm 0.46%
19
1.4 Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side (alpha = 0 °) (01-0007SDLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2439

Test status: Passed
1.4.1 Description
Verifies the eigen modes frequencies for a 10 mm thick lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side, subjected to its own
weight only.
1.4.2 Background

■ Reference: Structure Calculation Software Validation Guide, test SDLS 02/89;
■ Analysis type: modal analysis;
Thin lozenge-shaped plate fixed on one side Scale =1/10
01-0007SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Thickness: t = 0.01 m,
■ Side: a = 1 m,
■  = 0°
■ Points coordinates:
► A(0;0;0)
► B(a;0;0)
► C(0;a;0)
► D(a;a;0)
11
■ Poisson's ratio:  = 0.3,
■ Density:  = 7800 kg/m3.
20
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: AB side fixed,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
1.4.2.2 Eigen mode frequencies relative to the  angle
Reference solution
M. V. Barton formula for a side "a" lozenge, leads to the frequencies:
1 Et 2
 i where i = 1,2, and i = g().
2 2
fj =
2  a 2 12(1   2 )

 3.492
 8.525
M.V. Barton noted the sensitivity of the result relative to the mode and the  angle. He acknowledged that the i
values were determined with a limited development of an insufficient order, which led to consider a reference value
that is based on an experimental result, verified by an average of seven software that use the finite elements
calculation method.

■ 61 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes

CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz] 8.7266

Result description Value Error
Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz] 8.67 Hz -0.65%
21
1.5 Thin circular ring fixed in two points (01-0006SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2438

Test status: Passed
1.5.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen modes frequencies for a thin circular ring fixed in two points, subjected to its own weight only.
1.5.2 Background

■ Reference: Structure Calculation Software Validation Guide, test SDLL 12/89;
■ Analysis type: modal analysis, plane problem;
Thin circular ring fixed in two points Scale =1/2
01-0006SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Average radius of curvature: OA = OB = R = 0.1 m,
■ Angular spacing between points A and B: 120° ;
■ Rectangular straight section:
► Thickness: h = 0.005 m,
► Width: b = 0.010 m,
-5 2
► Section: A = 5 x 10 m ,
-10 4
► Flexure moment of inertia relative to the vertical axis: I = 1.042 x 10 m ,
■ Point coordinates:
► O (0 ;0),
► A (-0.05 3 ; -0.05),
► B (0.05 3 ; -0.05).
22
10
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 7.2 x 10 Pa
Density:  = 2700 kg/m .
3
■
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed at A and B,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
1.5.2.2 Eigen mode frequencies
Reference solutions
The deformation of the fixed ring is calculated from the deformations of the free-free thin ring
■ Symmetrical mode:
► u’i = i cos(i)
► v’i = sin (i)
2
1-i
► ’i = sin (i)
R
■ Antisymmetrical mode:
► u’i = i sin(i)
► v’i = -cos (i)
1-i2
► ’i = R cos (i)
From Green’s method results:
1 h E
fj = j  with a support angle of 120°.
2 R 2 12
i 1 2 3 4
Symmetrical mode 4.8497 14.7614 23.6157
Antisymmetrical mode 1.9832 9.3204 11.8490 21.5545

■ Linear element: beam, without meshing,
■ 32 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes
23
1.5.2.3 Theoretic results

CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode 1 frequency - 1 antisymmetric 1 [Hz] 235.3
CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode 2 frequency - 2 symmetric 1 [Hz] 575.3
CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode 6 frequency - 6 antisymmetric 4 [Hz] 2557

Eigen mode 1 frequency - 1 antisymmetric 1 [Hz] 236.32 Hz 0.43%
Eigen mode 2 frequency - 2 symmetric 1 [Hz] 578.52 Hz 0.56%
Eigen mode 5 frequency - 5 symmetric 2 [Hz] 1760 Hz 0.51%
Eigen mode 7 frequency - 7 symmetric 3 [Hz] 2777.43 Hz -0.86%
24
1.6 Tied (sub-tensioned) beam (01-0005SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2437

Test status: Passed
1.6.1 Description
Verifies the tension force on a beam reinforced by a system of hinged bars, subjected to a uniform linear load.
1.6.2 Background

■ Analysis type: static, thermoelastic (plane problem);
Tied (sub-tensioned) beam Scale =1/37
01-0005SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Length:
► AD = FB = a = 2 m,
► DF = CE = b = 4 m,
► CD = EF = c = 0.6 m,
► AC = EB = d = 2.088 m,
► Total length: L = 8 m,
■ AD, DF, FB Beams:
► Section: A = 0.01516 m2,
► Shear area: Ar = A / 2.5,
-4 4
► Inertia moment: I = 2.174 x 10 m ,
■ CE Bar:
25
► Section: A1 = 4.5 x 10-3 m2,

■ AC, EB bar:
► Section: A2 = 4.5 x 10-3 m2,
■ CD, EF bars:
-3 2
► Section: A3 = 3.48 x 10 m .
■ Isotropic linear elastic material,
11
■ Shearing module: G = 0.4x E.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Hinged in A, support connection in B (blocked vertical translation),
■ Inner: Hinged at bar ends: AC, CD, EF, EB.
Loading
■ External: Uniform linear load p = -50000 N/ml,
Internal: Shortening of the CE tie of  = 6.52 x 10 m (dilatation coefficient: CE = 1 x 10 /°C and temperature
-3 -5
■
variation T = -163°C).
1.6.2.2 Compression force in CE bar
Reference solution
The solution is established by considering the deformation effects due to the shear force and normal force:
4 a
=1-3 xL
A
k= = 2.5
Ar
I
t=
A
 = (L/c)2 x (1+ (A/A1) x (b/L) + 2 x (A/A2) x (d/a)2 x (d/L) + 2 x (A/A3) (c/a)2 x (c/L)
 = k x [(2Et2) / (GaL)]
=++
0 = 1 – (a/L)2 x (2 – a/L)
0 = 6k x (E/G) x (t/L)2 x (1 + b/L)
0 = 0 + 0
2 2
NCE = - (1/12) x (pL /c) x (0 /) + (EI/(Lc )) x (/) = 584584 N

Linear element: without meshing,
■ AD, DF, FB: S beam (considering the shear force deformations),
■ AC, CD, EF, EB: bar,
■ CE: beam,
■ 6 nodes.
26
Force diagrams

Compression force in CE bar
1.6.2.3 Bending moment at point H
Reference solution
MH = - (1/8) x pL2 x [1- (2/3) x (0/)] – (EI/(Lc)) x (/p) = 49249.5 N

Linear element: without meshing,
■ AD, DF, FB: S beam (considering the shear force deformations),
■ AC, CD, EF, EB: bar,
■ CE: beam,
■ 6 nodes.
Shape of the bending moment diagram

Mz bending moment
27
1.6.2.4 Vertical displacement at point D
Reference solution
The reference displacement vD provided by AFNOR is determined by averaging the results of several software with
implemented finite elements method.
-3
vD = -0.5428 x 10 m

■ Linear element: without meshing,
► AD, DF, FB: S beam (considering the shear force deformations),
► AC, CD, EF, EB: bar,
► CE: beam,
■ 6 nodes.
Deformed shape

Deformed

CM2 FX Tension force on CE bar [N] 584584

Fx Tension force on CE bar [N] 584580 N 0.00%
28
Test ID: 2440

Test status: Passed
1.7.1 Description
weight only.
1.7.2 Background

01-0008SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a = 1 m,
■  = 15°
► A(0;0;0)
► B(a;0;0)
► C ( 0.259a ; 0.966a ; 0 )
► D ( 1.259a ; 0.966a ; 0 )
■ Density:  = 7800 kg/m3.
29
Boundary conditions
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
1.7.2.2 Eigen modes frequencies function by  angle
Reference solution
M. V. Barton formula for a lozenge of side "a" leads to the frequencies:
1 Et 2
 i where i = 1,2, or i = g().
2 2
fj =
2  a 2 12(1   2 )

 3.601
 8.872
M. V. Barton noted the sensitivity of the result relative to the mode and the  angle. He acknowledged that the i
calculation method.

■ 961 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes


30
Test ID: 2442

Test status: Passed
1.8.1 Description
weight only.
1.8.2 Background

01-0010SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a = 1 m,
■  = 45°
► A(0;0;0)
► B(a;0;0)
2 2
► C( a; a;0)
2 2
2 2 2
► D( a; a;0)
2 2
11
3
■
31
Boundary conditions
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
1 Et 2
 i where i = 1,2, or i = g().
2 2
fj =
2  a 2 12(1   2 )

 4.4502
 10.56
calculation method.

■ 961 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes


Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz] 11.31 Hz 1.70%
32
1.9 Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane (case 1) (01-0011SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2443

Test status: Passed
1.9.1 Description
Verifies the vibration modes of a thin piping elbow (1 m radius) with fixed ends and subjected to its self weight only.
1.9.2 Background

■ Analysis type: modal analysis (plane problem);
Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in plane Scale = 1/7
Case 1 01-0011SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Average radius of curvature: OA = R = 1 m,
■ Straight circular hollow section:
■ Outer diameter: de = 0.020 m,
■ Inner diameter: di = 0.016 m,
-4 2
■ Section: A = 1.131 x 10 m ,
■ Flexure moment of inertia relative to the y-axis: Iy = 4.637 x 10-9 m 4,
■ Flexure moment of inertia relative to z-axis: Iz = 4.637 x 10-9 m4,
-9 4
■ Polar inertia: Ip = 9.274 x 10 m .
■ Points coordinates (in m):
► O(0;0;0)
► A(0;R;0)
► B(R;0;0)
33
11
3
■
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed at points A and B ,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
The Rayleigh method applied to a thin curved beam is used to determine parameters such as:
■ in plane bending:
i
2
EI z
fj = where i = 1,2,
2  R 2
A

■ Linear element: beam,
■ 11 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes

CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode frequency in plane 1 [Hz] 119

Eigen mode frequency in plane 1 [Hz] 120.09 Hz 0.92%
34
1.10 Thin circular ring hanged on an elastic element (01-0014SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2446

Test status: Passed
1.10.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen modes frequencies of a circular ring hanged on an elastic element, subjected to its self weight
only.
1.10.2 Background

■ Analysis type: modal analysis, plane problem;
Thin circular ring hang from an elastic element Scale = 1/1
01-0014SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Average radius of curvature: OB = R = 0.1 m,
■ Length of elastic element: AB = 0.0275 m ;
■ Straight rectangular section:
► Ring
Thickness: h = 0.005 m,
Width: b = 0.010 m,
Section: A = 5 x 10-5 m 2,
Flexure moment of relative to the vertical axis: I = 1.042 x 10 -10 m4,
► Elastic element
35
Thickness: h = 0.003 m,
Width: b = 0.010 m,
-5 2
Section: A = 3 x 10 m ,
Flexure moment of inertia relative to the vertical axis: I = 2.25 x 10-11 m4,
► O ( 0 ; 0 ),
► A ( 0 ; -0.0725 ),
► B ( 0 ; -0.1 ).
10
3
■
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed in A,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solutions
The reference solution was established from experimental results of a mass manufactured aluminum ring.

■ 43 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes
36

CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode 1 Asymmetrical frequency [Hz] 28.80
CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode 2 Symmetrical frequency [Hz] 189.30
CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode 5 Symmetrical frequency [Hz] 682.00

Eigen mode 1 Asymmetrical frequency [Hz] 28.81 Hz 0.03%
Eigen mode 2 Symmetrical frequency [Hz] 189.69 Hz 0.21%
Eigen mode 5 Symmetrical frequency [Hz] 683.9 Hz 0.28%
37
Test ID: 2445

Test status: Passed
1.11.1 Description
Verifies the vibration modes of a thin piping elbow (1 m radius) extended by two straight elements of length L,
subjected to its self weight only.
1.11.2 Background

Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow Scale = 1/12
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Section: A = 1.131 x 10-4 m 2,
-9 4
■ Flexure moment of inertia relative to z-axis: Iz = 4.637 x 10 m ,
-9 4
► O(0;0;0)
► A(0;R;0)
► B(R;0;0)
► C ( -L ; R ; 0 )
► D ( R ; -L ; 0 )
38
11
3
■
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Fixed at points C and Ds,
► At A: translation restraint along y and z,
► At B: translation restraint along x and z,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
i
2
EI z
fj = where i = 1,2,
2  R 2
A

■ 41 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes

CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode frequency in plane 1 [Hz] 25.300
CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode frequency in plane 2 [Hz] 27.000

Eigen mode frequency in plane 1 [Hz] 24.96 Hz -1.34%
Eigen mode frequency in plane 2 [Hz] 26.71 Hz -1.07%
39
1.12 Double fixed beam with a spring at mid span (01-0015SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2447

Test status: Passed
1.12.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement on the middle of a beam consisting of four elements of length "l", having identical
characteristics. A punctual load of -10000 N is applied.
1.12.2 Background

■ Reference: internal GRAITEC test;
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ = 1 m
■ S = 0.01 m2
■ I = 0.0001 m4
11
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
■ Fixed at ends x = 0 and x = 4 m,
■ Elastic support with k = EI/ rigidity
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Punctual load P = -10000 N at x = 2m,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
The reference vertical displacement v3, is calculated at the middle of the beam at x = 2 m.
40
Rigidity matrix of a plane beam:
 ES ES 
  0 0 - 0  0

 12EI 6EI 12EI 6EI 
 0 0  
 3 2 3 2 
 6EI 4EI 6EI 2EI 
 0 0  2 
K e    ES 2 
ES
  
 0 0 0 0 
  l 
 12EI 6EI 12EI 6EI 
 0   0  2 
 3 2 3  
 0 6EI 2EI 6EI 4EI 
0  2
 2    
Given the symmetry / X and load of the structure, it is unnecessary to consider the degrees of freedom associated
with normal work (u2, u3, u4).
The same symmetry allows the deduction of:
■ v2 = v4
■ 2 = -4
■ 3 = 0
 12 6 12 6 
 3  
2 3 2
 6 4 6 2 
 2  2 
     
 12 6 24 12 6   v1   R1 
 3  2
 3
0 
3 2     M 
 6  1   1 
 2 2
0
8 6
 2
2  v 2   0  1
         
 12 6  24 1  12 6   2   0  2
   2  3   0   v 3   P  3 
EI  3    3 2     
 6 2
0
8
 2
6 2  3   0  4 
 2      v   0  5 
 6   
4

 4   0  6 
12 6 24 12
   2 0   
 3  3 3    
2

 6 2 8 6 2  v 5   R5 
 0  2
2      5   M5 
 12 6 12 6
   2  2
 3  3  
 6 2
 2
6 4 
 2    
EI  1  1 (U 3 )
The elementary rigidity matrix of the spring in its local axis system, k 5     , must be expressed in
  1 1  (U 6 )
the global axis system by means of the rotation matrix (90° rotation):
0 0 0 0 0 0 u 3 
 
0 1 0 0 1 0 v 3 
 0  3 
K 5   EI 0 0 0 0 0

 0 0 0 0 0 0 u 6 
0  1 0 0 1 0 v 6 
 
0 0 0 0 0 0  6 
6 2 8 3
 v 3  3  4  0  4   v 3
2   4
41
12 6 24
  v 3  2  3  3 v 4  0  2v 4  v 3
3
 
6 2 8 6 2
 v   2   3  2 v4   4  0  v4  v2 (usually unnecessary)
2 2
   
(3)   12 v 2  6  2   24  1 v 3  12 v 4  6  4   P  v 3   P
3
 0.11905 1003 m
3 2 
3
 3 2 EI  
3  l 2 EI

■ 6 nodes,
■ 4 linear elements + 1 spring,
Deformed shape
Double fixed beam with a spring at mid span

Deformed
Note: the displacement is expressed here in m

CM2 Dz Vertical displacement on the middle of the beam [mm] -0.11905

Dz Vertical displacement on the middle of the beam [mm] -0.119048 mm 0.00%
42
1.13 Slender beam with variable section (fixed-free) (01-0004SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2436

Test status: Passed
1.13.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies for a slender beam with variable section, subjected to its own weight.
1.13.2 Background

Slender beam with variable section (fixed-free) Scale =1/4
01-0004SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Beam length: l = 1.00 m,
■ Initial section (in A):
► Height: h1 = 0.04 m,
► Width: b1 = 0.04 m,
► Section: ,
► Flexure moment of inertia relative to z-axis: Iz1 = 2.1333 x 10-7 m4,
■ Final section (in B):
► Height: h2 = 0.01 m,
► Width: b2 = 0.01 m,
► Section:
-10 4
► Flexure moment of inertia relative to z-axis: Iz2 = 8.3333 x 10 m .
43
11
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2 x 10 Pa,
■ Density: 7800 kg/m3.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed in A,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solutions
Precise calculation by numerical integration of the differential equation of beams bending (Euler-Bernoulli theories):
2 2v 2v
2 (EIz 2 ) = -A where Iz and A vary with the abscissa.
x x x
2
1 h2 E
The result is: =  2
2 i l 12
1 2 3 4 5
23.289 73.9 165.23 299.7 478.1

■ Linear element: variable beam, imposed mesh,
■ 31 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes
44


45
Test ID: 2441

Test status: Passed
1.14.1 Description
weight only.
1.14.2 Background

01-0009SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a = 1 m,
■  = 30°
► A(0;0;0)
► B(a;0;0)
3
► C ( 0.5a ; 2 a ; 0 )
3
► D ( 1.5a ; a;0)
2
■ Density:  = 7800 kg/m3.
46
Boundary conditions
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
1 Et 2
 i where i = 1,2, or i = g().
2 2
fj =
2  a 2 12(1   2 )

 3.961
 10.19
calculation method.

■ 961 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes


47
Test ID: 2444

Test status: Passed
1.15.1 Description
Verifies the vibration modes of a thin piping elbow (1 m radius) extended by two straight elements of length L,
1.15.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ L = 0.6 m,
■ Outer diameter de = 0.020 m,
■ Inner diameter di = 0.016 m,
-4 2
■ Section: A = 1.131 x 10 m ,
■ Polar inertia: Ip = 9.274 x 10-9 m4.
48
► O(0;0;0)
► A(0;R;0)
► B(R;0;0)
► C ( -L ; R ; 0 )
► D ( R ; -L ; 0 )
3
■
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Fixed at points C and D
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
i
2
EI z
fj = where i = 1,2,
2  R 2
A

■ 23 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes
49


50
1.16 Short beam on simple supports (eccentric) (01-0018SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2450

Test status: Passed
1.16.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies of a short beam on simple supports (the supports are eccentric relative to
the neutral axis).
1.16.2 Background

■ Analysis type: modal analysis, (plane problem);
Short beam on simple supports (eccentric) Scale = 1/5
01-0018SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Height: h = 0.2m,
■ Width: b = 0.1 m,
■ Section: A = 2 x 10-2 m 4,
■ Flexure moment of inertia relative to z-axis: Iz = 6.667 x 10-5 m4.
11
3
■
51
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Hinged at A (null horizontal and vertical displacements),
► Simple support at B.
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None.
■ Internal: None.
1.16.2.2 Eigen modes frequencies
Reference solution
The problem has no analytical solution, the solution is determined by averaging several software: Timoshenko model
with shear force deformation effects and rotation inertia. The bending modes and the traction-compression are
coupled.

■ Linear element: S beam, imposed mesh,
■ 10 nodes,
Eigen modes shape
Short beam on simple supports (eccentric)

Mode 1

Mode 2
52

Mode 3

Mode 4

Mode 5
53


54
1.17 Rectangular thin plate simply supported on its perimeter (01-0020SDLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2452

Test status: Passed
1.17.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies of a thin rectangular plate simply supported on its perimeter.
1.17.2 Background

Rectangular thin plate simply supported on its perimeter Scale = 1/8
01-0020SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Length: a = 1.5 m,
■ Width: b = 1 m,
■ Points coordinates in m:
► A (0 ;0 ;0)
► B (0 ;1.5 ;0)
► C (1 ;1.5 ;0)
► D (1 ;0 ;0)
55
11
3
■
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Simple support on all sides,
► For the modeling: hinged at A, B and D.
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None.
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
M. V. Barton formula for a rectangular plate with supports on all four sides, leads to:
 i 2 j 2 Et 2
fij = [( ) +( ) ]
2 a b 12(1   2 )
where:
i = number of half-length of wave along y ( dimension a)
j = number of half-length of wave along x ( dimension b)

■ Planar element: shell,
■ 496 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes
56

CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode “i" - “j” frequency, for i = 1; j = 1. [Hz] 35.63

Eigen mode "i" - "j" frequency, for i = 1; j = 1 (Mode 1) [Hz] 35.58 Hz -0.14%
Eigen mode "i" - "j" frequency, for i = 1; j = 2 (Mode 3) [Hz] 109.98 Hz 0.33%
57
1.18 Annular thin plate fixed on a hub (repetitive circular structure) (01-0022SDLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2454

Test status: Passed
1.18.1 Description
Verifies the eigen mode frequencies of a thin annular plate fixed on a hub.
1.18.2 Background

■ Element type: planar element.
Annular thin plate fixed on a hub (repetitive circular structure) Scale = 1/3
01-0022SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Inner radius: Ri = 0.1 m,
■ Outer radius: Re = 0.2 m,
■ Thickness: t = 0.001 m.
Material properties
■ Density:  = 7800 kg/m3.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed on a hub at any point r = Ri.
58
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None.
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
The solution of determining the frequency based on Bessel functions leads to the following formula:
2
1 Et
2 ij
2
fij = 2
2Re 12(1- )
where:
i = the number of nodal diameters
j = the number of nodal circles
and ij such as:
2
j \ i 0 1 2 3
0 13.0 13.3 14.7 18.5
1 85.1 86.7 91.7 100

■ Planar element: plate,
■ 360 nodes,


Eigen mode “i" - “j” frequency, for i = 2; j = 1 (Mode 22) [Hz] 555.51 Hz -0.64%
59
1.19 Slender beam on two fixed supports (01-0024SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2456

Test status: Passed
1.19.1 Description
A straight slender beam with fixed ends is loaded with a uniform load, several punctual loads and a torque. The shear
force, bending moment, vertical displacement and horizontal reaction are verified.
1.19.2 Background

Slender beam on two fixed supports Scale = 1/4
01-0024SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Length: L = 1 m,
-8 4
■ Beam inertia: I = 1.7 x 10 m .
11
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 10 Pa.
Boundary conditions
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External:
60
► Uniformly distributed load from A to B: py = p = -24000 N/m,

► Punctual load at D: Fx = F1 = 30000 N,
► Torque at D: Cz = C = -3000 Nm,
► Punctual load at E: Fx = F2 = 10000 N,
► Punctual load at E: Fy = F = -20000 N.
■ Internal: None.
1.19.2.2 Shear force at G
Reference solution
Analytical solution:
■ Shear force at G: VG
C
VG = 0.216F – 1.26
L

■ 5 nodes,
Results shape

Shear force
1.19.2.3 Bending moment in G
Reference solution
■ Bending moment at G: MG
61
pL2
MG = 24 - 0.045LF – 0.3C

■ 5 nodes,
Results shape

Bending moment
1.19.2.4 Vertical displacement at G
Reference solution
■ Vertical displacement at G: vG
4 3 2
pl 0.003375FL 0.015CL
vG = 384EI + EI + EI

■ 5 nodes,
62
Results shape

Deformed
1.19.2.5 Horizontal reaction at A
Reference solution
■ Horizontal reaction at A: HA
HA = -0.7F1 –0.3F2

■ 5 nodes,

CM2 Fz Shear force in point G. [N] -540
CM2 My Bending moment in point G. [Nm] -2800
CM2 Dz Vertical displacement in point G. [cm] -4.90
CM2 Fx Horizontal reaction in point A. [N] 24000

Fz Shear force in point G [N] -540 N 0.00%
My Bending moment in point G [Nm] -2800 N*m 0.00%
DZ Vertical displacement in point G [cm] -4.90485 cm -0.10%
Fx Horizontal reaction in point A [N] 24000 N 0.00%
63
1.20 Short beam on simple supports (on the neutral axis) (01-0017SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2449

Test status: Passed
1.20.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies of a short beam on simple supports (the supports are located on the neutral
axis), subjected to its own weight only.
1.20.2 Background
Short beam on simple supports on the neutral axis Scale = 1/6
01-0017SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Height: h = 0.2 m,
■ Width: b = 0.1 m,
-2 4
■ Section: A = 2 x 10 m ,
-5 4
■ Flexure moment of inertia relative to z-axis: Iz = 6.667 x 10 m .
11
■ Density:  = 7800 kg/m3.
64
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Hinged at A (null horizontal and vertical displacements),
► Simple support in B.
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None.
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
The bending beams equation gives, when superimposing, the effects of simple bending, shear force deformations
and rotation inertia, Timoshenko formula.
The reference eigen modes frequencies are determined by a numerical simulation of this equation, independent of
any software.
The eigen frequencies in tension-compression are given by:
i E ( 2i  1)
fi =  where i =
2l  2

■ Linear element: S beam, imposed mesh,
■ 10 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes
65


66
1.21 Cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling (01-0021SFLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2453

Test status: Passed
1.21.1 Description
Verifies the critical load result on node 5 of a cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling. A punctual load of -100000 is
applied.
1.21.2 Background

■ Reference: internal GRAITEC test (Euler theory);
■ Analysis type: Eulerian buckling;
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ L= 10 m
■ S=0.01 m2
■ I = 0.0002 m4
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.0 x 1010 N/m2,
Boundary conditions
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Punctual load P = -100000 N at x = L,
■ Internal: None.
1.21.2.2 Critical load on node 5
Reference solution
The reference critical load established by Euler is:
 2EI 98696
Pcritique   98696 N     0.98696
4L2 100000
67

■ Planar element: beam, imposed mesh,
■ 5 nodes,
■ 4 elements.
Deformed shape

CM2 Fx Critical load on node 5. [N] -98696

Fx Critical load on node 5 (mode 1) [N] -100000 N -1.32%
68
1.22 Bending effects of a symmetrical portal frame (01-0023SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2455

Test status: Passed
1.22.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen mode frequencies of a symmetrical portal frame with fixed supports.
1.22.2 Background

Bending effects of a symmetrical portal frame Scale = 1/5
01-0023SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Straight rectangular sections for beams and columns:
■ Thickness: h = 0.0048 m,
■ Width: b = 0.029 m,
■ Section: A = 1.392 x 10-4 m 2,
A B C D E F
x -0.30 0.30 -0.30 0.30 -0.30 0.30
y 0 0 0.36 0.36 0.81 0.81
69
11
3
■
Boundary conditions
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None.
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
Dynamic radius method (slender beams theory).

■ 60 nodes,
Deformed shape
Bending effects of a symmetrical portal frame Scale = 1/7

Mode 13
70

CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode 1 antisymmetric frequency [Hz] 8.8
CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode 3 symmetric frequency [Hz] 43.8
CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode 10 antisymmetric frequency [Hz] 206
CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode 12 antisymmetric frequency [Hz] 320
CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode 13 symmetric frequency [Hz] 335

Eigen mode 1 antisymmetric frequency [Hz] 8.78 Hz -0.23%
Eigen mode 2 antisymmetric frequency [Hz] 29.43 Hz 0.10%
Eigen mode 3 symmetric frequency [Hz] 43.85 Hz 0.11%
Eigen mode 13 symmetric frequency [Hz] 334.96 Hz -0.01%
71
1.23 Fixed thin arc in planar bending (01-0027SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2459

Test status: Passed
1.23.1 Description
Arc of a circle fixed at one end, subjected to two punctual loads and a torque at its free end. The horizontal
displacement, vertical displacement and rotation about Z-axis are verified.
1.23.2 Background

■ Analysis type: static linear (plane problem);
Fixed thin arc in planar bending Scale = 1/24
01-0027SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Medium radius: R = 3 m ,
■ Circular hollow section:
► de = 0.02 m,
► di = 0.016 m,
► A = 1.131 x 10-4 m 2,
-9 4
► Ix = 4.637 x 10 m .
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2 x 1011 Pa.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed in A.
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External:
72
At B:
► punctual load F1 = Fx = 10 N,
► punctual load F2 = Fy = 5 N,
► bending moment about Oz, Mz = 8 Nm.
■ Internal: None.
1.23.2.2 Displacements at B
Reference solution
At point B:
2
R
■ displacement parallel to Ox: u = [F R + 2F2R + 4Mz]
4EI 1
R2
■ displacement parallel to Oy: v = 4EI [2F1R + (3 - 8)F2R + 2( - 2)Mz]
R
■ rotation around Oz:  = [4F1R + 2( - 2)F2R + 2Mz]
4EI

■ 31 nodes,
Results shape

Deformed
73

CM2 DX Horizontal displacement in point B [m] 0.3791
CM2 DZ Vertical displacement in point B [m] 0.2417
CM2 RY Rotation about Z-axis in point B [rad] -0.1654

DX Horizontal displacement in point B [m] 0.378914 m -0.05%
DZ Vertical displacement in point B [m] 0.241738 m 0.02%
RY Rotation about Z-axis in point B [rad] -0.165362 Rad 0.02%
74
1.24 Fixed thin arc in out of plane bending (01-0028SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2460

Test status: Passed
1.24.1 Description
An arc of a circle fixed at one end is loaded with a punctual force at its free end, perpendicular to the plane. The out
of plane displacement, torsion moment and bending moment are verified.
1.24.2 Background

■ Analysis type: static linear;
Fixed thin arc in out of plane bending Scale = 1/6
01-0028SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
► de = 0.02 m,
► di = 0.016 m,
-4 2
► A = 1.131 x 10 m ,
-9 4
► Ix = 4.637 x 10 m .
75
11
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed at A.
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Punctual force in B perpendicular on the plane: Fz = F = 100 N.
■ Internal: None.
1.24.2.2 Displacements at B
Reference solution
Displacement out of plane at point B:
FR3  EIx 3
uB = EI [ 4 + K ( 4 - 2)]
x T
where KT is the torsional rigidity for a circular section (torsion constant is 2I x).
EIx FR3  3
KT = 2GIx =  uB = EI [ 4 + (1 + ) ( 4 - 2)]
1+ x

■ 46 nodes,
1.24.2.3 Moments at  = 15°
Reference solution
■ Torsion moment: Mx’ = Mt = FR(1 - sin)
■ Bending moment: Mz’ = Mf = -FRcos

■ 46 nodes,

CM2 D Displacement out of plane in point B [m] 0.13462
CM2 Mx Torsion moment in  = 15° [Nm] 74.1180
CM2 Mz Bending moment in  = 15° [Nm] -96.5925

D Displacement out of plane in point B [m] 0.135156 m 0.40%
Mx Torsion moment in Theta = 15° [Nm] 74.103 N*m -0.02%
Mz Bending moment in Theta = 15° [Nm] 96.5925 N*m 0.00%
76
1.25 Double fixed beam (01-0016SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2448

Test status: Passed
1.25.1 Description
Verifies the eigen modes frequencies and the vertical displacement on the middle of a beam consisting of eight
elements of length "l", having identical characteristics. A punctual load of -50000 N is applied.
1.25.2 Background

■ Reference: internal GRAITEC test (beams theory);
■ Analysis type: static linear, modal analysis;
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Axial section: S=0.06 m2
■ Inertia I = 0.0001 m4
■ Density:  = 7850 kg/m3
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed at both ends x = 0 and x = 8 m,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Punctual load P = -50000 N at x = 4m,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
The reference vertical displacement v5, is calculated at the middle of the beam at x = 2 m.
Pl 3 50000  16 3
v5    0.05079 m
192EI 192  2.1E11 0.0001
77

■ 9 nodes,
■ 8 elements.
Deformed shape
Double fixed beam

Deformed
1.25.2.3 Eigen mode frequencies of the model in the linear elastic range
Reference solution
Knowing that the first four eigen mode frequencies of a double fixed beam are given by the following formula:
  12  22.37  f1 = 2.937 Hz
 2
2
E.I  2  61.67  f 2 = 8.095 Hz
fn  n
where for the first 4 eigen modes frequencies 
2. .L2 .S  3
2
 120.9  f 3 = 15.871Hz
 2
 4  199.8  f 4 = 26.228 Hz

■ 9 nodes,
■ 8 elements.
Modal deformations
Double fixed beam

Mode 1
78
Double fixed beam

Mode 2
Double fixed beam

Mode 3
Double fixed beam

Mode 4

CM2 Dz Vertical displacement on the middle of the beam [m] -0.05079

Dz Vertical displacement on the middle of the beam [m] -0.0507937 m -0.01%
79
1.26 Thin square plate fixed on one side (01-0019SDLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2451

Test status: Passed
1.26.1 Description
Verifies the first eigen modes frequencies of a thin square plate fixed on one side.
1.26.2 Background

Thin square plate fixed on one side Scale = 1/6
01-0019SDLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a = 1 m,
■ Thickness: t = 1 m,
► A (0 ;0 ;0)
► B (1 ;0 ;0)
► C (1 ;1 ;0)
► D (0 ;1 ;0)
80

■ Density:  = 7800 kg/m3.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Edge AD fixed.
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None.
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
M. V. Barton formula for a square plate with side "a", leads to:
1 Et 2
i
2
fj = where i = 1,2, . . .
2  a 2 12(1   2 )
i 1 2 3 4 5 6
i 3.492 8.525 21.43 27.33 31.11 54.44

■ 959 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes
Thin square plate fixed on one side

Mode 1
81

Mode 2

Mode 3


82
1.27 Slender beam on three supports (01-0025SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2457

Test status: Passed
1.27.1 Description
A straight slender beam on three supports is loaded with two punctual loads. The bending moment, vertical
displacement and reaction on the center are verified.
1.27.2 Background

■ Analysis type: static (plane problem);
Slender beam on three supports Scale = 1/49
01-0025SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
-4 4
■ Beam inertia: I = 6.3 x 10 m .
11
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 10 Pa.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
83
► Hinged at A,
► Elastic support at B (Ky = 2.1 x 106 N/m),
► Simple support at C.
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: 2 punctual loads F = Fy = -42000N.
■ Internal: None.
1.27.2.2 Bending moment at B
Reference solution
The resolution of the hyperstatic system of the slender beam leads to:
6EI
k=
L3Ky
■ Bending moment at B: MB
L ( 6  2k )F
MB = ±
2 (8  k )

■ 5 nodes,
Results shape
Slender beam on three supports Scale = 1/49

Bending moment
1.27.2.3 Reaction in B
Reference solution
■ Compression force in the spring: VB
-11F
VB = 8 + k
84

■ 5 nodes,
1.27.2.4 Vertical displacement at B
Reference solution
■ Deflection at the spring location: vB
11F
vB = Ky(8 + k)

■ 5 nodes,
Results shape
Slender beam on three supports

Deformed

CM2 My Bending moment in point B. [Nm] -63000
CM2 DZ Vertical displacement in point B. [cm] -1.00
CM2 Fz Reaction in point B. [N] -21000

My Bending moment in point B [Nm] -63000 N*m 0.00%
DZ Vertical displacement in point B [cm] -1 cm 0.00%
Fz Reaction in point B [N] -21000 N 0.00%
85
1.28 Bimetallic: Fixed beams connected to a stiff element (01-0026SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2458

Test status: Passed
1.28.1 Description
Two beams fixed at one end and rigidly connected to an undeformable beam is loaded with a punctual load. The
deflection, vertical reaction and bending moment are verified in several points.
1.28.2 Background

Fixed beams connected to a stiff element Scale = 1/10
01-0026SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Lengths:
► L = 2 m,
► l = 0.2 m,
■ Beams inertia moment: I = (4/3) x 10-8 m4,
■ The beam sections are squared, of side: 2 x 10-2 m.
11
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2 x 10 Pa.
86
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed in A and C,
■ Inner: The tangents to the deflection of beams AB and CD at B and D remain horizontal; practically, we
restraint translations along x and z at nodes B and D.
Loading
■ External: In D: punctual load F = Fy = -1000N.
■ Internal: None.
1.28.2.2 Deflection at B and D
Reference solution
The theory of slender beams bending (Euler-Bernouilli formula) leads to a deflection at B and D:
The resolution of the hyperstatic system of the slender beam leads to:
FL3
vB = vD = 24EI

■ 4 nodes,
Results shape
Fixed beams connected to a stiff element Scale = 1/10
Deformed
1.28.2.3 Vertical reaction at A and C
Reference solution
Analytical solution.

■ 4 nodes,
87
1.28.2.4 Bending moment at A and C
Reference solution

■ 4 nodes,
■ 3 linear elements

CM2 D Deflection in point B [m] 0.125
CM2 D Deflection in point D [m] 0.125
CM2 Fz Vertical reaction in point A [N] -500
CM2 Fz Vertical reaction in point C [N] -500
CM2 My Bending moment in point A [Nm] 500
CM2 My Bending moment in point C [Nm] 500

D Deflection in point B [m] 0.125376 m 0.30%
D Deflection in point D [m] 0.125376 m 0.30%
Fz Vertical reaction in point A [N] -500 N 0.00%
Fz Vertical reaction in point C [N] -500 N 0.00%
My Bending moment in point A [Nm] 500.083 N*m 0.02%
My Bending moment in point C [Nm] 500.083 N*m 0.02%
88
1.29 Truss with hinged bars under a punctual load (01-0031SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2463

Test status: Passed
1.29.1 Description
Verifies the horizontal and the vertical displacement in several points of a truss with hinged bars, subjected to a
punctual load.
1.29.2 Background

Truss with hinged bars under a punctual load Scale = 1/10
01-0031SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Elements Length (m) Area (m2)
-4
AC 0.5 2 2 x 10
-4
CB 0.5 2 2 x 10
CD 2.5 1 x 10-4
-4
BD 2 1 x 10
11
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Hinge at A and B,
■ Inner: None.
89
Loading
3
■ External: Punctual force at D: Fy = F = - 9.81 x 10 N.
■ Internal: None.
1.29.2.2 Displacements at C and D
Reference solution
Displacement method.

■ 4 nodes,
Displacements shape
Truss with hinged bars under a punctual load Scale = 1/9
Deformed

CM2 DX Horizontal displacement in point C [mm] 0.26517
CM2 DX Horizontal displacement in point D [mm] 3.47902
CM2 DZ Vertical displacement in point C [mm] 0.08839
CM2 DZ Vertical displacement in point D [mm] -5.60084

DX Horizontal displacement in point C [mm] 0.264693 mm -0.18%
DX Horizontal displacement in point D [mm] 3.47531 mm -0.11%
DZ Vertical displacement in point C [mm] 0.0881705 mm -0.25%
DZ Vertical displacement in point D [mm] -5.595 mm 0.10%
90
1.30 Beam on elastic soil, free ends (01-0032SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2464

Test status: Passed
1.30.1 Description
A beam under 3 punctual loads lays on a soil of constant linear stiffness. The bending moment, vertical displacement
and rotation about z-axis on several points of the beam are verified.
1.30.2 Background

Beam on elastic soil, free ends Scale = 1/21
01-0032SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ L = ( 10 )/2,
-4 4
■ I = 10 m .
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Free A and B extremities,
► Constant linear stiffness of soil ky = K = 840000 N/m2.
■ Inner: None.
91
Loading
■ External: Punctual load at A, C and B: Fy = F = - 10000 N.
■ Internal: None.
1.30.2.2 Bending moment and displacement at C
Reference solution
4
= K/(4EI)
 = L/2
 = sh (2) + sin (2)
■ Bending moment:
MC = (F/(4))(ch(2) - cos (2) – 8sh()sin())/
■ Vertical displacement:
vC = - (F/(2K))( ch(2) + cos (2) + 8ch()cos() + 2)/

■ 72 nodes,
Bending moment diagram
Beam on elastic soil, free ends Scale = 1/20

Bending moment
1.30.2.3 Displacements at A
Reference solution
vA = (2F/K)( ch()cos() + ch(2) + cos(2))/
■ Rotation about z-axis
A = (-2F2/K)( sh()cos() - sin()ch() + sh(2) - sin(2))/
92

■ 72 nodes,

CM2 My Bending moment in point C [Nm] 5759
CM2 Dz Vertical displacement in point C [m] -0.006844
CM2 Dz Vertical displacement in point A [m] -0.007854
CM2 RY Rotation  about z-axis in point A [rad] -0.000706

My Bending moment in point C [Nm] 5779.54 N*m 0.36%
Dz Vertical displacement in point C [m] -0.00684369 m 0.00%
Dz Vertical displacement in point A [m] -0.00786073 m -0.09%
RY Rotation Theta about z-axis in point A [rad] -0.000707427 Rad -0.20%
93
1.31 Caisson beam in torsion (01-0037SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2468

Test status: Passed
1.31.1 Description
A torsion moment is applied on the free end of a caisson beam fixed on one end. For both ends, the displacement,
the rotation about Z-axis and the stress are verified.
1.31.2 Background

Caisson beam in torsion Scale = 1/4
01-0037SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Length; L = 1m,
■ Square section of side: b = 0.1 m,
■ Thickness = 0.005 m.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Beam fixed at end x = 0;
■ Inner: None.
94
Loading
■ External: Torsion moment M = 10N.m applied to the free end (for modeling, 4 forces of 50 N).
■ Internal: None.
1.31.2.2 Displacement and stress at two points
Reference solution
The reference solution is determined by averaging the results of several calculation software with implemented finite
elements method.
Points coordinates:
■ A (0,0.05,0.5)
■ B (-0.05,0,0.8)
Note: point O is the origin of the coordinate system (x,y,z).

■ 90 nodes,
Deformed shape
Caisson beam in torsion Scale = 1/4
Deformed
95

-6
CM2 D Displacement in point A [m] -0.617 x 10
CM2 D Displacement in point B [m] -0.987 x 10-6
CM2 RY Rotation about Z-axis in point A [rad] 0.123 x 10-4
CM2 RY Rotation about Z-axis in point B [rad] 0.197 x 10-4
CM2 sxy_mid xy stress in point A [MPa] -0.11
CM2 sxy_mid xy stress in point B [MPa] -0.11

D Displacement in point A [µm] 0.615911 µm -0.18%
D Displacement in point B [µm] 0.986809 µm -0.02%
RY Rotation about Z-axis in point A [rad] -1.23211e-05 Rad -0.17%
RY Rotation about Z-axis in point B [rad] -1.97173e-05 Rad -0.09%
sxy_mid Sigma xy stress in point A [MPa] -0.100038 MPa -0.04%
sxy_mid Sigma xy stress in point B [MPa] -0.100213 MPa -0.21%
96
1.32 Portal frame with lateral connections (01-0030SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2462

Test status: Passed
1.32.1 Description
Verifies the rotation about z-axis and the bending moment on a portal frame with lateral connections.
1.32.2 Background

Portal frame with lateral connections Scale = 1/21
01-0030SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Beam Length Moment of inertia
AB lAB = 4 m 64
IAB = x 10-8 m 4
3
AC lAC = 1 m 1 -8 4
IAC = 12 x 10 m
AD lAD = 1 m 1 -8 4
IAD = 12 x 10 m
AE lAE = 2 m 4
IAE = x 10-8 m 4
3
■ G is in the middle of DA.
■ The beams have square sections:
► AAB = 16 x 10-4 m
► AAD = 1 x 10-4 m
► AAC = 1 x 10-4 m
97
► AAE = 4 x 10-4 m
11
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2 x 10 Pa,
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Fixed at B, D and E,
► Hinge at C,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External:
5
► Punctual force at G: Fy = F = - 10 N,
► Distributed load on beam AD: p = - 103 N/m.
■ Internal: None.
1.32.2.2 Displacements at A
Reference solution
Rotation at A about z-axis:
EIAn
We say: kAn = l where n = B, C, D or E
An
3
K = kAB + kAD + kAE + 4 kAC
kAn
rAn = K
FlAD plAB2
C1 = 8 - 12
C1
 = 4K

■ 6 nodes,
Displacements shape
Portal frame with lateral connections

Deformed
98
1.32.2.3 Moments in A
Reference solution
plAB2
■ MAB = 12 + rAB x C1
FlAD
■ MAD = - + rAD x C1
8
■ MAE = rAE x C1
■ MAC = rAC x C1

■ 6 nodes,

CM2 RY Rotation  about z-axis in point A [rad] -0.227118
CM2 My Bending moment in point A (MAB) [Nm] 11023.72
CM2 My Bending moment in point A (MAC) [Nm] 113.559
CM2 My Bending moment in point A (MAD) [Nm] 12348.588
CM2 My Bending moment in point A (MAE) [Nm] 1211.2994

RY Rotation Theta about z-axis in point A [rad] -0.227401 Rad -0.12%
My Bending moment in point A (Moment AB) [Nm] 11021 N*m -0.02%
My Bending moment in point A (Moment AC) [Nm] 113.704 N*m 0.13%
My Bending moment in point A (Moment AD) [Nm] 12347.5 N*m -0.01%
My Bending moment in point A (Moment AE) [Nm] 1212.77 N*m 0.12%
99
1.33 EDF Pylon (01-0033SFLLA_FEM)
Test ID: 2465

Test status: Passed
1.33.1 Description
Verifies the displacement at the top of an EDF Pylon and the dominating buckling results. Three punctual loads
corresponding to wind loads are applied on the main arms, on the upper arm and on the lower horizontal frames of
the pylon.
1.33.2 Background

■ Reference: Internal GRAITEC test;
■ Analysis type: static linear, Eulerian buckling;
■ Element type: linear
Units
I. S.
Geometry
11
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Hinged support,
► For the modeling, a fixed restraint and 4 beams were added at the pylon supports level.
■ Inner: None.
100
Loading
■ External:
Punctual loads corresponding to a wind load.
► FX = 165550 N, FY = - 1240 N, FZ = - 58720 N on the main arms,
► FX = 50250 N, FY = - 1080 N, FZ = - 12780 N on the upper arm,
► FX = 11760 N, FY = 0 N, FZ = 0 N on the lower horizontal frames
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
101
Software ANSYS 5.3 NE/NASTRAN 7.0

Max deflection (m) 0.714 0.714
 dominating mode 2.77 2.77

■ 402 nodes,
■ 1034 elements.
Deformed shape
102
Buckling modal deformation (dominating mode)

CM2 D Displacement at the top of the pylon [m] 0.714
CM2 Dominating buckling - critical , mode 4 [Hz] 2.77

D Displacement at the top of the pylon [m] 0.71254 m -0.20%
Dominating buckling - critical Lambda - mode 4 [Hz] 2.83 Hz 2.17%
D Displacement at the top of the pylon [m] m
Dominating buckling - critical Lambda - mode 4 [Hz] Hz
103
1.34 Square plate under planar stresses (01-0039SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2470

Test status: Passed
1.34.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement and the stresses on a square plate of 2 x 2 m, fixed on 3 sides with a uniform
surface load on its surface.
1.34.2 Background

■ Element type: planar (membrane).
Square plate under planar stresses Scale = 1/19
Modeling
 ,   1;1
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Thickness: e = 1 m,
■ 4 square elements of side h = 1 m.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed on 3 sides,
■ Inner: None.
104
Loading
8
■ External: Uniform load p = -1. 10 N/ml on the upper surface,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
The reference displacements are calculated on nodes 7 and 9.
-6ph(3 + )(1 - 2)
v9 = = -0.1809 x 10-3 m,
E(8(3 - )2 - (3 + )2)
4(3 - ) -3
v7 = v9 = -0.592 x 10 m,
3+
For element 1.4:
(For the stresses calculated above, the abscissa point (x = 0; y = 0) corresponds to node 8.)
 = -1 ; yy = 0
yy =
E (v9 - v7)
(1 + ) for  = 0 ; yy = -47.44 MPa
1-
2
2h  = 1 ; yy = -94.88 MPa
 = -1 ; xx = 0
xx = yy for  = 0 ; xx = -14.23 MPa
 = 1 ; xx = -28.46 MPa
 = -1 ;  = 0 ; xy = -47.82 MPa

E (v9 + v7) + (v9 - v7)  = 0 ;  = 0 ; xy = -31.21 MPa
xy = (1 + ) for
1+ 4h = 1 ;  = 0 ; xy = -14.61 MPa

■ Planar element: membrane, imposed mesh,
■ 9 nodes,
105
Deformed shape

CM2 DZ Vertical displacement on node 7 [mm] -0.592
CM2 DZ Vertical displacement on node 5 [mm] -0.1809
CM2 sxx_mid xx stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0 m [MPa] 0
CM2 sxx_mid xx stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0.5 m [MPa] -14.23
CM2 sxx_mid xx stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 1 m [MPa] -28.46
CM2 syy_mid yy stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0 m [MPa] 0
CM2 syy_mid yy stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0.5 m [MPa] -47.44
CM2 syy_mid yy stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 1 m [MPa] -94.88
CM2 sxy_mid xy stresses on Element 1.4 in y = 0 m [MPa] -14.66
CM2 sxy_mid xy stresses on Element 1.4 in y = 1 m [MPa] -47.82

DZ Vertical displacement on node 7 [mm] -0.59203 mm -0.01%
DZ Vertical displacement on node 5 [mm] -0.180898 mm 0.00%
sxx_mid Sigma xx stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0 m [MPa] 1.86265e-15 MPa 0.00%
sxx_mid Sigma xx stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0.5 m [MPa] -14.2315 MPa -0.01%
sxx_mid Sigma xx stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 1 m [MPa] -28.463 MPa -0.01%
syy_mid Sigma yy stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0 m [MPa] 2.23517e-14 MPa 0.00%
syy_mid Sigma yy stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 0.5 m [MPa] -47.4383 MPa 0.00%
syy_mid Sigma yy stresses on Element 1.4 in x = 1 m [MPa] -94.8767 MPa 0.00%
sxy_mid Sigma xy stresses on Element 1.4 in y = 0 m [MPa] -14.611 MPa 0.33%
sxy_mid Sigma xy stresses on Element 1.4 in y = 1 m [MPa] -47.8178 MPa 0.00%
106
1.35 Stiffen membrane (01-0040SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2471

Test status: Passed
1.35.1 Description
Verifies the horizontal displacement and the stress on a plate (8 x 12 cm) fixed in the middle on 3 supports with a
punctual load at its free node.
1.35.2 Background

■ Reference: Klaus-Jürgen Bathe - Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis, Example 5.13;
■ Element type: planar (membrane).
 ,   1;1
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Thickness: e = 0.1 cm,
■ Length: l = 8 cm,
■ Width: B = 12 cm.
6 2
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 30 x 10 N/cm ,
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed on 3 sides,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Uniform load Fx = F = 6000 N at A,
■ Internal: None.
107
1.35.2.2 Results of the model in the linear elastic range
Reference solution
Point B is the origin of the coordinate system used for the results positions.
F F 6000
uA     9.3410 4 cm
K eabE  2 1  ES 2.67410  3.7510
6 6
 2  2 
3  a 1  2
 
b 1     2a
   1;  xx1  0

 xx1 
E uA
1    for    0;  xx1  1924 N/cm2  19.24 MPa
1   2a
2
  1;   3849 N/cm2  38.49 MPa
 xx1
   1;  yy1  0

 yy1   xx1 for    0;  yy1  577 N/cm2  5.77 MPa
  1;   1155 N/cm2  11.55 MPa
 yy1
   1;  xy1  0

 xy1  
E uA
1    for    0;  xy1  898 N/cm2  8.98 MPa
1   8b   1;   1796 N/cm2  17.96 MPa
 xy1

■ Planar element: membrane, imposed mesh,
■ 6 nodes,
■ 2 quadrangle planar elements and 1 bar.
Deformed shape
108

CM2 DX Horizontal displacement Element 1 in A [cm] 9.340000
CM2 sxx_mid xx stress Element 1 in y = 0 cm [MPa] 38.490000
CM2 sxx_mid xx stress Element 1 in y = 6 cm [MPa] 0
CM2 syy_mid yy stress Element 1 in y = 0 cm [MPa] 11.550000
CM2 syy_mid yy stress Element 1 in y = 6 cm [MPa] 0
CM2 sxy_mid xy stress Element 1 in x = 0 cm [MPa] 0
CM2 sxy_mid xy stress Element 1 in x = 4 cm [MPa] -8.980000
CM2 sxy_mid xy stress Element 1 in x = 8 cm [MPa] -17.960000

DX Horizontal displacement Element 1 in A [µm] 9.33999 µm 0.00%
sxx_mid Sigma xx stress Element 1 in y = 0 cm [MPa] 38.489 MPa 0.00%
sxx_mid Sigma xx stress Element 1 in y = 6 cm [MPa] -5.92119e-15 MPa 0.00%
syy_mid Sigma yy stress Element 1 in y = 0 cm [MPa] 11.5467 MPa -0.03%
syy_mid Sigma yy stress Element 1 in y = 6 cm [MPa] -7.40149e-16 MPa 0.00%
sxy_mid Sigma xy stress Element 1 in x = 0 cm [MPa] -7.27596e-15 MPa 0.00%
sxy_mid Sigma xy stress Element 1 in x = 4 cm [MPa] -8.98076 MPa -0.01%
sxy_mid Sigma xy stress Element 1 in x = 8 cm [MPa] -17.9615 MPa -0.01%
109
1.36 Beam on elastic soil, hinged ends (01-0034SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2466

Test status: Passed
1.36.1 Description
A beam under a punctual load, a distributed load and two torques lays on a soil of constant linear stiffness. The
rotation around z-axis, the vertical reaction, the vertical displacement and the bending moment are verified in several
points.
1.36.2 Background

Beam on elastic soil, hinged ends Scale = 1/27
01-0034SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ L = ( 10 )/2,
-4 4
■ I = 10 m .
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Free A and B ends,
► Soil with a constant linear stiffness ky = K = 840000 N/m2.
■ Inner: None.
110
Loading
■ External:
► Punctual force at D: Fy = F = - 10000 N,
► Uniformly distributed force from A to B: f y = p = - 5000 N/m,
► Torque at A: Cz = -C = -15000 Nm,
► Torque at B: Cz = C = 15000 Nm.
■ Internal: None.
1.36.2.2 Displacement and support reaction at A
Reference solution
4
= K/(4EI)
 = L/2
 = ch(2) + cos(2)
■ Vertical support reaction:
1
VA = -p(sh(2) + sin(2)) - 2Fch()cos() + 2 2C(sh(2) - sin(2)) x
2
■ Rotation about z-axis:
1
A = p(sh(2) – sin(2)) + 2Fsh()sin() - 2 C(sh(2) + sin(2)) x
2
(K/)

■ 50 nodes,
Deformed shape

Deformed
1.36.2.3 Displacement and bending moment at D
Reference solution
1
vD = 2p( - 2ch()cos()) + F(sh(2) – sin(2)) - 8 Csh()sin() x
2
2K
111
■ Bending moment:
1
MD = 4psh()sin() + F(sh(2) + sin(2)) - 82Cch()cos() x
4 
2

■ 50 nodes,
Bending moment diagram

Bending moment

CM2 RY Rotation around z-axis in point A [rad] 0.003045
CM2 Fz Vertical reaction in point A [N] -11674
CM2 Dz Vertical displacement in point D [cm] -0.423326
CM2 My Bending moment in point D [Nm] -33840

RY Rotation around z-axis in point A [rad] 0.00304333 Rad -0.05%
Fz Vertical reaction in point A [N] -11709 N -0.30%
Dz Vertical displacement in point D [cm] -0.423297 cm 0.01%
My Bending moment in point D [Nm] -33835.9 N*m 0.01%
112
1.37 Double hinged thin arc in planar bending (01-0029SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2461

Test status: Passed
1.37.1 Description
Verifies the rotation about Z-axis, the vertical displacement and the horizontal displacement on several points of a
double hinged thin arc in planar bending.
1.37.2 Background

Double hinged thin arc in planar bending Scale = 1/8
01-0029SSLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
► de = 0.02 m,
► di = 0.016 m,
-4 2
► A = 1.131 x 10 m ,
-9 4
► Ix = 4.637 x 10 m .
11
113
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Hinge at A,
► At B: allowed rotation along z, vertical displacement restrained along y.
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Punctual load at C: Fy = F = - 100 N.
■ Internal: None.
1.37.2.2 Displacements at A, B and C
Reference solution
■ Rotation about z-axis
 FR2
A = - B = ( - 1)
2 2EI
■ Displacement;
 FR 3 FR3
Vertical at C: vC = +( - 2)
8 EA 4 2EI
FR FR3
Horizontal at B: uB = 2EA - 2EI

■ 37 nodes,
Displacements shape

Deformed
114

CM2 RY Rotation about Z-axis in point A [rad] 0.030774
CM2 RY Rotation about Z-axis in point B [rad] -0.030774
CM2 DZ Vertical displacement in point C [cm] -1.9206
CM2 DX Horizontal displacement in point B [cm] 5.3912

RY Rotation about Z-axis in point A [rad] 0.0307785 Rad 0.01%
RY Rotation about Z-axis in point B [rad] -0.0307785 Rad -0.01%
DZ Vertical displacement in point C [cm] -1.92019 cm 0.02%
DX Horizontal displacement in point B [cm] 5.386 cm -0.10%
115
1.38 Simply supported square plate (01-0036SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2467

Test status: Passed
1.38.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement in the center of a simply supported square plate.
1.38.2 Background

Simply supported square plate Scale = 1/9
01-0036SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side = 1 m,
■ Thickness h = 0.01m.
11
3
■
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Simple support on the plate perimeter,
► For the modeling, we add a fixed support at B.
■ Inner: None.
116
Loading
2
■ External: Self weight (gravity = 9.81 m/s ).
■ Internal: None.
1.38.2.2 Vertical displacement at O
Reference solution
According to Love- Kirchhoff hypothesis, the displacement w at a point (x,y):
w(x,y) =  wmnsinmxsinny
192g(1 -  )
2
where wmn = 2 2 6 2
mn(m + n ) Eh

■ 441 nodes,
Deformed shape
Simply supported square plate Scale = 1/6
Deformed

CM2 Dz Vertical displacement in point O [m] -0.158

Dz Vertical displacement in point O [µm] -0.164899 µm -4.37%
117
1.39 Thin cylinder under a uniform radial pressure (01-0038SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2469

Test status: Passed
1.39.1 Description
Verifies the stress, the radial deformation and the longitudinal deformation of a cylinder loaded with a uniform internal
pressure.
1.39.2 Background

■ Analysis type: static elastic;
Thin cylinder under a uniform radial pressure Scale = 1/18
01-0038SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Radius: R = 1 m,
■ Thickness: h = 0.02 m.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
118
► Free conditions
► For the modeling, only ¼ of the cylinder is considered and the symmetry conditions are applied. On the
other side, we restrained the displacements at a few nodes in order to make the model stable.
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Uniform internal pressure: p = 10000 Pa,
■ Internal: None.
1.39.2.2 Stresses in all points
Reference solution
Stresses in the planar elements coordinate system (x axis is parallel with the length of the cylinder):
■ xx = 0
pR
■ yy = h

■ 209 nodes,
1.39.2.3 Cylinder deformation in all points

■ Radial deformation:
pR2
R = Eh
■ Longitudinal deformation:
-pRL
L = Eh

CM2 syy_mid yy stress in all points [Pa] 500000.000000
CM2 Dz L radial deformation of the cylinder in all points [µm] 2.380000
CM2 DY L longitudinal deformation of the cylinder in all points [µm] -2.860000

syy_mid Sigma yy stress in all points [Pa] 499521 Pa -0.10%
Dz Delta R radial deformation of the cylinder in all points [µm] 2.39214 µm 0.51%
DY Delta L longitudinal deformation of the cylinder in all points -2.85445 µm 0.19%
[µm]
119
1.40 Thin cylinder under its self weight (01-0044SSLSB_MEF)
Test ID: 2475

Test status: Passed
1.40.1 Description
Verifies the stress, the longitudinal deformation and the radial deformation of a thin cylinder subjected to its self
weight only.
1.40.2 Background

■ Analysis type: static, linear elastic;
A cylinder of R radius and L length subject of self weight only.
Thin cylinder under its self weight Scale = 1/24
01-0044SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Radius: R = 1 m.
Density:  = 7.85 x 10 N/m .
4 3
■
120
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Null axial displacement at z = 0,
► For the modeling, we consider only a quarter of the cylinder, so we impose the symmetry conditions on
the nodes that are parallel with the cylinder’s axis.
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Cylinder self weight,
■ Internal: None.
1.40.2.2 Stresses
Reference solution
x axis of the local coordinate system of planar elements is parallel to the cylinders axis.
xx = z
yy = 0

■ Planar element: shell, imposed mesh,
■ 697 nodes,
1.40.2.3 Cylinder deformation
Reference solution
■ L longitudinal deformation of the cylinder:
z2
L = 2E
■ R radial deformation of the cylinder:

-Rz
R =
E

CM2 sxx_mid xx stress for z = L [Pa] -314000.000000
CM2 DY L longitudinal deformation for z = L [mm] 0.002990
CM2 Dz R radial deformation for z = L[mm] -0.000440
* To obtain this result, you must generate a calculation note “Planar elements stresses by load case in
neutral fiber" with results on center.

sxx_mid Sigma xx stress for z = L [Pa] -309143 Pa 1.55%
DY Delta L longitudinal deformation for z = L [mm] 0.00298922 mm -0.03%
Dz Delta R radial deformation for z = L [mm] -0.000443587 mm -0.82%
121
1.41 Thin cylinder under a hydrostatic pressure (01-0043SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2474

Test status: Passed
1.41.1 Description
Verifies the stress, the longitudinal deformation and the radial deformation of a thin cylinder under a hydrostatic
pressure.
1.41.2 Background

Thin cylinder under a hydrostatic pressure Scale = 1/25
01-0043SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: For the modeling, we consider only a quarter of the cylinder, so we impose the symmetry conditions on
the nodes that are parallel with the cylinder’s axis.
■ Inner: None.
122
Loading
z
■ External: Radial internal pressure varies linearly with the "p" height, p = p0 ,
L
■ Internal: None.
1.41.2.2 Stresses
Reference solution
xx = 0
p0Rz
yy = Lh

■ 209 nodes,
Reference solution
-p0Rz2
L =
2ELh
■ L radial deformation of the cylinder:
p0R2z
R = ELh

■ 209 nodes,
123
Deformation shape
Thin cylinder under a hydrostatic pressure

Deformed

CM2 syy_mid yy stress in z = L/2 [Pa] 500000.000000
CM2 DY L longitudinal deformation of the cylinder at the inferior -0.002860
extremity [mm]
CM2 Dz L radial deformation of the cylinder in z = L/2 [mm] 0.002380

syy_mid Sigma yy stress in z = L/2 [Pa] 504489 Pa 0.90%
DY Delta L longitudinal deformation of the cylinder at the -0.00285442 mm 0.20%
inferior extremity [mm]
Dz Delta L radial deformation of the cylinder in z = L/2 0.00238372 mm 0.16%
[mm]
124
1.42 Simply supported square plate under a uniform load (01-0051SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2481

Test status: Passed
1.42.1 Description
A square plate simply supported is subjected to a uniform load. The vertical displacement and the bending moments
at the plate center are verified.
1.42.2 Background

Simply supported square plate under a uniform load Scale = 1/9
01-0051SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a =b = 1 m,
7
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Simple support on the plate perimeter (null displacement along z-axis),
■ Inner: None
125
Loading
■ External: Normal pressure of plate p = pZ = -1.0 Pa,
■ Internal: None.
1.42.2.2 Vertical displacement and bending moment at the center of the plate
Reference solution
Love-Kirchhoff thin plates theory.

■ 361 nodes,
1.42.2.3 Theoretical result

CM2 DZ Vertical displacement at plate center [m] -4.43 x 10-3
CM2 Mxx MX bending moment at plate center [Nm] 0.0479
CM2 Myy MY bending moment at plate center [Nm] 0.0479

DZ Vertical displacement at plate center [m] -0.00435847 m 1.61%
Mxx Mx bending moment at plate center [Nm] 0.0471381 N*m -1.59%
Myy My bending moment at plate center [Nm] 0.0471381 N*m -1.59%
126
1.43 Spherical dome under a uniform external pressure (01-0050SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2480

Test status: Passed
1.43.1 Description
A spherical dome of radius (a) is subjected to a uniform external pressure. The horizontal displacement and the
external meridian stresses are verified.
1.43.2 Background

Spherical dome under a uniform external pressure

01-0050SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Radius: a = 2.54 m,
■ Angle:  = 75°.
127
10
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed on the dome perimeter,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
6
■ External: Uniform pressure p = 0.6897 x 10 Pa,
■ Internal: None.
1.43.2.2 Horizontal displacement and exterior meridian stress
Reference solution
elements method. 2% uncertainty about the reference solution.

■ 401 nodes,
Deformed shape
128

-3
CM2 DX Horizontal displacements in  = 15° 1.73 x 10
CM2 DX Horizontal displacements in  = 45° -1.02 x 10-3
CM2 syy_mid yy external meridian stresses in  = 15° -74
CM2 sxx_mid XX external meridian stresses in  = 45° -68

DX Horizontal displacements in Psi = 15° [mm] 1.73064 mm 0.04%
DX Horizontal displacements in Psi = 45° [mm] -1.01367 mm 0.62%
syy_mid Sigma yy external meridian stresses in Psi = 15° [MPa] -72.2609 MPa 2.35%
sxx_mid Sigma XX external meridian stresses in Psi = 45° [MPa] -68.9909 MPa -1.46%
129
1.44 Beam on two supports considering the shear force (01-0041SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2472

Test status: Passed
1.44.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement on a 300 cm long beam, consisting of an I shaped profile of a total height of 20.04
cm, a 0.96 cm thick web and 20.04 cm wide / 1.46 cm thick flanges.
1.44.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
l= 300 cm
h= 20.04 cm
b= 20.04 cm
tw = 1.46 cm
tf = 0.96 cm
Sx= 74.95 cm 2
Iz = 5462 cm 4
2
Sy = 16.43 cm
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2285938 daN/cm2,
2
■ Transverse elastic modulus G = 879207 daN/cm
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Simple support on node 11,
130
► For the modeling, put an hinge at node 1 (instead of a simple support).

■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Vertical punctual load P = -20246 daN at node 6,
■ Internal: None.
1.44.2.2 Vertical displacement of the model in the linear elastic range
Reference solution
The reference displacement is calculated in the middle of the beam, at node 6.

■ Planar element: S beam, imposed mesh,
■ 11 nodes,
Deformed shape

CM2 DZ Vertical displacement at node 6 [cm] -1.017

DZ Vertical displacement at node 6 [cm] -1.01722 cm -0.02%
131
1.45 Torus with uniform internal pressure (01-0045SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2476

Test status: Passed
1.45.1 Description
Verifies the stress and the radial deformation of a torus with uniform internal pressure.
1.45.2 Background

Torus with uniform internal pressure

01-0045SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Transverse section radius: b = 1 m,
■ Average radius of curvature: a = 2 m.
132
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: For the modeling, only 1/8 of the cylinder is considered, so the symmetry conditions are imposed to end
nodes.
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Uniform internal pressure p = 10000 Pa
■ Internal: None.
1.45.2.2 Stresses
Reference solution
(See stresses description on the first scheme of the overview)
If a – b  r  a + b
pb r + a
11 =
2h r
pb
22 =
2h

■ 361 nodes,
Reference solution
■ R radial deformation of the torus:
pb
R = (r - (r + a))
2Eh

■ 361 nodes,

CM2 syy_mid 11 stresses for r = a - b [Pa] 7.5 x 105
CM2 syy_mid 11 stresses for r = a + b [Pa] 4.17 x 105
CM2 sxx_mid 22 stress for all r [Pa] 2.50 x 105
-7
CM2 Dz L radial deformations of the torus for r = a - b [m] 1.19 x 10
CM2 Dz L radial deformations of the torus for r = a + b [m] 1.79 x 10-6

syy_mid Sigma 11 stresses for r = a - b [Pa] 742770 Pa -0.96%
syy_mid Sigma 11 stresses for r = a + b [Pa] 415404 Pa -0.38%
sxx_mid Sigma 22 stress for all r [Pa] 250331 Pa 0.13%
Dz Delta L radial deformations of the torus for r = a - b [mm] -0.000117352 mm 1.38%
Dz Delta L radial deformations of the torus for r = a + b 0.00180274 mm 0.71%
[mm]
133
1.46 Spherical shell with holes (01-0049SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2479

Test status: Passed
1.46.1 Description
A spherical shell with holes is subjected to 4 forces, opposite 2 by 2. The horizontal displacement is verified.
1.46.2 Background
Spherical shell with holes

01-0049SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Radius: R = 10 m
■ Opening angle of the hole: 0 = 18°.
7
134
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: For modeling, we consider only a quarter of the shell, so we impose symmetry conditions (nodes in the
vertical yz plane are restrained in translation along x and in rotation along y and z. Nodes on the vertical xy
plane are restrained in translation along z and in rotation along x and y),
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Punctual loads F = 1 N, according to the diagram,
■ Internal: None.
1.46.2.2 Horizontal displacement at point A
Reference solution

■ 99 nodes,
Deformed shape
Spherical shell with holes Scale = 1/79
Deformed
1.46.2.3 Theoretical background

CM2 DX Horizontal displacement at point A(R,0,0) [mm] 94.0

DX Horizontal displacement at point A(R,0,0) [mm] 92.6751 mm -1.41%
135
1.47 Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load (01-0053SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2483

Test status: Passed
1.47.1 Description
A rectangular plate simply supported is subjected to a uniform load. The vertical displacement and the bending
moments at the plate center are verified.
1.47.2 Background

Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load Scale = 1/25
01-0053SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Width: a = 1 m,
■ Length: b = 5 m,
Boundary conditions
■ Inner: None.
136
Loading
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution

■ 793 nodes,

CM2 DZ Vertical displacement at plate center [m] 1.416 x 10-2
CM2 Mxx MX bending moment at plate center [Nm] 0.1246
CM2 Myy MY bending moment at plate center [Nm] 0.0375

DZ Vertical displacement at plate center [cm] -1.40141 cm 1.03%
Mxx Mx bending moment at plate center [Nm] -0.124082 N*m 0.42%
Myy My bending moment at plate center [Nm] -0.0375624 N*m -0.17%
137
1.48 Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load (01-0052SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2482

Test status: Passed
1.48.1 Description
A rectangular plate simply supported is subjected to a uniform load. The vertical displacement and the bending
moments at the plate center are verified.
1.48.2 Background

Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load Scale = 1/11
01-0052SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Width: a = 1 m,
■ Length: b = 2 m,
7
Boundary conditions
■ Inner: None.
138
Loading
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution

■ 435 nodes,
1.48.2.3 Theoretical background

CM2 DZ Vertical displacement at plate center [m] -1.1060 x 10-2
CM2 Mxx MX bending moment at plate center [Nm] -0.1017
CM2 Myy MY bending moment at plate center [Nm] -0.0464

DZ Vertical displacement at plate center [cm] -1.10238 cm 0.33%
Mxx Mx bending moment at plate center [Nm] -0.101737 N*m -0.04%
Myy My bending moment at plate center [Nm] -0.0462457 N*m 0.33%
139
1.49 Thin cylinder under a uniform axial load (01-0042SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2473

Test status: Passed
1.49.1 Description
Verifies the stress, the longitudinal deformation and the radial deformation of a cylinder under a uniform axial load.
1.49.2 Background

■ Analysis type: static elastic;
Thin cylinder under a uniform axial load Scale = 1/19
01-0042SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Null axial displacement at the left end: vz = 0,
► For the modeling, only a ¼ of the cylinder is considered.
■ Inner: None.
140
Loading
■ External: Uniform axial load q = 10000 N/m
■ Inner: None.
1.49.2.2 Stress in all points
Reference solution
q
xx =
h
yy = 0

■ 697 nodes,
1.49.2.3 Cylinder deformation at the free end
Reference solution
qL
L = Eh
■ R radial deformation of the cylinder:

-qR
R = Eh

■ 697 nodes,
Deformation shape
Thin cylinder under a uniform axial load Scale = 1/22

Deformation shape
141

5
CM2 sxx_mid xx stress at all points [Pa] 5 x 10
CM2 syy_mid yy stress at all points [Pa] 0
CM2 DY L longitudinal deformation at the free end [m] 9.52 x 10-6
CM2 Dz R radial deformation at the free end [m] -7.14 x 10-7

sxx_mid Sigma xx stress at all points [Pa] 500000 Pa 0.00%
syy_mid Sigma yy stress at all points [Pa] -2.11463e-09 Pa 0.00%
DY Delta L longitudinal deformation at the free end [mm] -0.00952381 mm -0.04%
Dz Delta R radial deformation at the free end [mm] 0.000710887 mm -0.44%
142
1.50 Spherical shell under internal pressure (01-0046SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2477

Test status: Passed
1.50.1 Description
A spherical shell is subjected to a uniform internal pressure. The stress and the radial deformation are verified.
1.50.2 Background

Spherical shell under internal pressure

01-0046SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Radius: R2 = 1 m,
■  = 90° (hemisphere).
143
11
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
Simple support (null displacement along vertical displacement) on the shell perimeter.
For modeling, we consider only half of the hemisphere, so we impose symmetry conditions (DOF restrains
placed in the vertical plane xy in translation along z and in rotation along x and y). In addition, the node at the
top of the shell is restrained in translation along x to assure the stability of the structure during calculation).
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Uniform internal pressure p = 10000 Pa
■ Internal: None.
1.50.2.2 Stresses
Reference solution
(See stresses description on the first scheme of the overview)
If 0°    90°
pR22
11 = 22 = 2h

■ 343 nodes,
Reference solution
■ R radial deformation of the calotte:
pR22 (1 - ) sin 
R = 2Eh

■ 343 nodes,
144
Deformed shape
Spherical shell under internal pressure Scale = 1/11

Deformed

5
CM2 sxx_mid 11 stress for all  [Pa] 2.50 x 10
CM2 syy_mid 22 stress for all  [Pa] 2.50 x 105
CM2 Dz R radial deformations for  = 90° [m] 8.33 x 10-7

sxx_mid Sigma 11 stress for all Theta [Pa] 250202 Pa 0.08%
syy_mid Sigma 22 stress for all Theta [Pa] 249907 Pa -0.04%
Dz Delta R radial deformations for Theta = 90° [mm] 0.000832794 mm -0.02%
145
1.51 Pinch cylindrical shell (01-0048SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2478

Test status: Passed
1.51.1 Description
A cylinder of length L is pinched by 2 diametrically opposite forces (F). The vertical displacement is verified.
1.51.2 Background

A cylinder of length L is pinched by 2 diametrically opposite forces (F).
Pinch cylindrical shell

01-0048SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Length: L = 10.35 m (total length),
■ Radius: R = 4.953 m,
■ Thickness: h = 0.094 m.
146
6
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: For the modeling, we consider only half of the cylinder, so we impose symmetry conditions (nodes in
the horizontal xz plane are restrained in translation along y and in rotation along x and z),
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: 2 punctual loads F = 100 N,
■ Internal: None.
1.51.2.2 Vertical displacement at point A
Reference solution

■ 777 nodes,
1.51.2.3 Theoretical result

CM2 DZ Vertical displacement in point A [m] -113.9 x 10-3

DZ Vertical displacement in point A [mm] -113.301 mm 0.53%
147
0057SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2487

Test status: Passed
1.52.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.01 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a
uniform pressure.
1.52.2 Background

■ Reference: Structure Calculation Software Validation Guide, test SSLV 09/89;
■ Analysis type: static;
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a = 1 m,
a
■ Slenderness:  = h = 100.
■ Reinforcement,
11
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
Fixed sides: AB and BD,
For the modeling, we impose symmetry conditions at the CB side (restrained displacement along x and
restrained rotation around y and z) and CD side (restrained displacement along y and restrained rotation
around x and z),
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: 1 MPa uniform pressure,
■ Internal: None.
148
1.52.2.2 Vertical displacement at C
Reference solution
This problem has a precise analytical solution only for thin plates. Therefore we propose the solutions obtained with
Serendip elements with 20 nodes or thick plate elements of 4 nodes. The expected result should be between these
values at  5%.

■ 289 nodes,

CM2 Dz Vertical displacement in point C [m] -6.639 x 10-2

Dz Vertical displacement in point C [cm] -6.56563 cm 1.11%
149
1.53 Triangulated system with hinged bars (01-0056SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2486

Test status: Passed
1.53.1 Description
A truss with hinged bars is placed on three punctual supports (subjected to imposed displacements) and is loaded
with two punctual forces. A thermal load is applied to all the bars. The traction force and the vertical displacement are
verified.
1.53.2 Background

■ Analysis type: static (plane problem);
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■  = 30°,
■ Section A1 = 1.41 x 10-3 m2,
-3 2
■ Section A2 = 2.82 x 10 m .
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E =2.1 x 1011 Pa,
■ Coefficient of linear expansion:  = 10-5 °C-1.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Hinge at A (uA = vA = 0),
► Roller supports at B and C ( uB = v’C = 0),
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External:
► Support displacement: vA = -0.02 m ; vB = -0.03 m ; v’C = -0.015 m ,
► Punctual loads: FE = -150 KN ; FF = -100 KN,
► Expansion effect on all bars for a temperature variation of 150° in relation with the assembly
temperature (specified geometry),
150
■ Internal: None.
1.53.2.2 Tension force in BD bar
Reference solution
Determining the hyperstatic unknown with the section cut method.

■ Linear element: S beam, automatic mesh,
■ 11 nodes,
■ 17 S beams + 1 rigid S beam for the modeling of the simple support at C.
1.53.2.3 Vertical displacement at D
Reference solution
vD displacement was determined by several software with implemented finite elements method.

■ 11 nodes,
■ 17 S beams + 1 rigid S beam for the modeling of simple support at C.
Deformed shape
Triangulated system with hinged bars
01-0056SSLLB_FEM

CM2 Fx FX traction force on BD bar [N] 43633
CM2 DZ Vertical displacement on point D [m] -0.01618

Fx Fx traction force on BD bar [N] 42892.3 N -1.70%
DZ Vertical displacement on point D [m] -0.016236 m -0.35%
151
0061SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2491

Test status: Passed
1.54.1 Description
uniform pressure.
1.54.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a = 1 m,
a
■ Reinforcement,
11
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
Fixed edges: AB and BD,
around x and z),
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ Internal: None.
152
Reference solution
values at ± 5%.

■ 289 nodes,


Dz Vertical displacement in point C [mm] -0.0781846 mm 0.61%
153
1.55 A plate (0.01 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-
0062SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2492

Test status: Passed
1.55.1 Description
punctual force in the center.
1.55.2 Background

Square plate of side "a".
0.01 m thick plate fixed on its perimeter Scale = 1/5

01-0062SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a = 1 m,
a
■ Slenderness:  = = 100.
h
■ Reinforcement,
154
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed edges,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Punctual force applied on the center of the plate: F Z = -106 N,
■ Internal: None.
1.55.2.2 Vertical displacement at point C (center of the plate)
Reference solution
values at ± 5%.

■ 961 nodes,

CM2 DZ Vertical displacement in point C [m] -0.29579

DZ Vertical displacement in point C [m] -0.292146 m 1.23%
155
0058SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2488

Test status: Passed
1.56.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.01333 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with
a uniform pressure.
1.56.2 Background

Square plate of side "a", for the modeling, only a quarter of the plate is considered.
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a = 1 m,
a
h
■ Reinforcement,
11
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
Fixed sides: AB and BD,
around x and z),
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ Internal: None.
156
Reference solution
values at ± 5%.

■ 289 nodes,


157
0060SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2490

Test status: Passed
1.57.1 Description
uniform pressure.
1.57.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a = 1 m,
a
■ Reinforcement,
11
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
around x and z),
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ Internal: None.
158
Reference solution
values at ± 5%.

■ 289 nodes,

-3
CM2 Dz Vertical displacement in point C [m] -0.55474 x 10

159
0065SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2495

Test status: Passed
1.58.1 Description
1.58.2 Background

01-0065SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a = 1 m,
■ Slenderness:  = 20.
■ Reinforcement,
160
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed sides,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Punctual force applied at the center of the plate: F Z = -106 N,
■ Internal: None.
1.58.2.2 Vertical displacement at point C center of the plate)
Reference solution
values at ± 5%.

■ 961 nodes,

-2
CM2 DZ Vertical displacement in point C [m] -0.2595 x 10

161
0064SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2494

Test status: Passed
1.59.1 Description
1.59.2 Background

01-0064SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a = 1 m,
■ Reinforcement,
162
Boundary conditions
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: punctual force applied in the center of the plate: F Z = -106 N,
■ Internal: None.
1.59.2.2 Vertical displacement at point C (the center of the plate)
Reference solution
values at ± 5%.

■ 961 nodes,


163
1.60 Shear plate perpendicular to the medium surface (01-0055SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2485

Test status: Passed
1.60.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement of a rectangular shear plate fixed at one end, loaded with two forces.
1.60.2 Background

Shear plate Scale = 1/50
01-0055SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Width: l = 1 m,
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed AD edge,
■ Inner: None.
164
Loading
■ External:
► At B: Fz = -1.0 N,
► At C: FZ = 1.0 N,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution

■ 497 nodes,
Deformed shape
Shear plate Scale = 1/35
Deformed

-3
CM2 Dz Vertical displacement in point C [m] 35.37 x 10

Dz Vertical displacement in point C [m] 35.6655 mm 0.84%
165
1.61 Simply supported rectangular plate loaded with punctual force and moments (01-
0054SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2484

Test status: Passed
1.61.1 Description
A rectangular plate simply supported is subjected to a punctual force and moments. The vertical displacement is
verified.
1.61.2 Background

Simply supported rectangular plate loaded with punctual force and moments
01-0054SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Width: DA = CB = 20 m,
■ Length: AB = DC = 5 m,
■ Thickness: h = 1 m,
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E =1000 Pa,
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Punctual support at A, B and D (null displacement along z-axis),
■ Inner: None.
166
Loading
■ External:
► In A: MX = 20 Nm, MY = -10 Nm,
► In B: MX = 20 Nm, MY = 10 Nm,
► In C: FZ = -2 N, MX = -20 Nm, MY = 10 Nm,
► In D: MX = -20 Nm, MY = -10 Nm,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution

■ 867 nodes,
Deformed shape
Simply supported rectangular plate loaded with punctual force and moments
Deformed

CM2 Dz Vertical displacement in point C [m] -12.480

Dz Vertical displacement in point C [m] -12.6677 m -1.50%
167
0059SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2489

Test status: Passed
1.62.1 Description
uniform pressure.
1.62.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a = 1 m,
a
■ Reinforcement,
11
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
around x and z),
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ Internal: None.
168
Reference solution
values at ± 5%.

■ 289 nodes,

-2
CM2 Dz Vertical displacement in point C [m] -0.83480 x 10

169
0063SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2493

Test status: Passed
1.63.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement for a square plate (0.01333 m thick), of side "a", fixed on its perimeter, loaded with
a punctual force in the center.
1.63.2 Background

01-0063SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a = 1 m,
a
h
■ Reinforcement,
11
170
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed sides,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Punctual force applied on the center of the plate: F Z = -106 N,
■ Internal: None.
1.63.2.2 Vertical displacement at point C (the center of the plate)
Reference solution
values at ± 5%.

■ 961 nodes,


171
1.64 Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in space (case 2) (01-0068SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2498

Test status: Passed
1.64.1 Description
Verifies the eigen mode transverse frequencies for a thin piping elbow with a radius of 1 m, extended with two
straight elements (0.6 m long) and subjected to its self weight only.
1.64.2 Background

■ Analysis type: modal analysis (in space);
01-0068SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ L = 0.6 m,
-4 2
■ Section: A = 1.131 x 10 m ,
-9 4
► O(0;0;0)
► A(0;R;0)
► B(R;0;0)
► C ( -L ; R ; 0 )
172
► D ( R ; -L ; 0 )
■ Density:  = 7800 kg/m3.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► In A: translation restraint along y and z,
► In B: translation restraint along x and z,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
■ transverse bending:
i2 GIp
fj = where i = 1,2.
2 R2 A

■ 23 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes

CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode Transverse 1 frequency [Hz] 33.4
CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode Transverse 2 frequency [Hz] 100

Eigen mode Transverse 1 frequency [Hz] 33.19 Hz -0.63%
173
1.65 Reactions on supports and bending moments on a 2D portal frame (Rafters) (01-
0077SSLPB_FEM)
Test ID: 2500

Test status: Passed
1.65.1 Description
Moments and actions on supports calculation on a 2D portal frame. The purpose of this test is to verify the results of
Advance Design for the M. R. study of a 2D portal frame.
1.65.2 Background

■ Reference: Design and calculation of metal structures.
1.65.2.2 Moments and actions on supports M.R. calculation on a 2D portal frame.

RDM results, for the linear load perpendicular on the rafters, are:
qL qL² 8h  5f
VA  VE  H A  HE  H
2 32 h²k  3   f 3h  f 
 Hh  f 
qL²
MB  MD  Hh MC 
8
174
Comparison between theoretical results and the results obtained by Advance Design for a linear load
perpendicular on the chords

CM2 Fz Vertical reaction V in A [DaN] -1000
CM2 Fz Vertical reaction V in E [DaN] -1000
CM2 Fx Horizontal reaction H in A [DaN] -332.9
CM2 Fx Horizontal reaction H in E [DaN] -332.9
CM2 My Moment in node B [DaNm] 2496.8
CM2 My Moment in node D [DaNm] -2496.8
CM2 My Moment in node C [DaNm] -1671

Fz Vertical reaction V on node A [daN] -1000 daN 0.00%
Fz Vertical reaction V on node E [daN] -1000 daN 0.00%
Fx Horizontal reaction H on node A [daN] -332.665 daN 0.07%
Fx Horizontal reaction H on node E [daN] -332.665 daN 0.07%
My Moment in node B [daNm] 2494.99 daN*m -0.07%
My Moment in node D [daNm] -2494.99 daN*m 0.07%
My Moment in node C [daNm] -1673.35 daN*m -0.14%
175
1.66 Plane portal frame with hinged supports (01-0089SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2505

Test status: Passed
1.66.1 Description
Calculation of support reactions of a 2D portal frame with hinged supports.
1.66.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ I1 = 5.0 x 10-4 m4
■ a=4m
■ h=8m
■ b = 10.77 m
-4 4
■ I2 = 2.5 x 10 m
■ Isotropic linear elastic material.
■ E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
Boundary conditions
Hinged base plates A and B (uA = vA = 0 ; uB = vB = 0).
176
Loading
■ p = -3 000 N/m
■ F1 = -20 000 N
■ F2 = -10 000 N
■ M = -100 000 Nm
1.66.2.2 Calculation method used to obtain the reference solution

■ K = (I2/b)(h/I1)
■ p = a/h
■ m=1+p
■ B = 2(K + 1) + m
■ C = 1 + 2m
■ N = B + mC
■ VA = 3pl/8 + F1/2 – M/l + F2h/l
■ HA = pl²(3 + 5m)/(32Nh) + (F1l/(4h))(C/N) + F2(1-(B + C)/(2N)) + (3M/h)((1 + m)/(2N))
1.66.2.3 Reference values

Point Magnitudes and units Value
A V, vertical reaction (N) 31 500.0
A H, horizontal reaction (N) 20 239.4
C vc (m) -0.03072

CM2 Fz Vertical reaction V in point A [N] -31500
CM2 Fx Horizontal reaction H in point A [N] -20239.4
CM2 DZ vc displacement in point C [m] -0.03072

Fz Vertical reaction V in point A [N] -31500 N 0.00%
Fx Horizontal reaction H in point A [N] -20239.3 N 0.00%
DZ Displacement in point C [m] -0.0307191 m 0.00%
177
1.67 Slender beam of variable rectangular section (fixed-fixed) (01-0086SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2504

Test status: Passed
1.67.1 Description
Verifies the eigen modes (flexion) for a slender beam with variable rectangular section (fixed-fixed).
1.67.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Length: L = 0.6 m,
■ Constant thickness: h = 0.01 m
■ Initial section:
► b0 = 0.03 m
► A0 = 3 x 10-4 m²
■ Section variation:
► with ( = 1)
► b = b0e-2x
► A = A0e-2x
■ E = 2 x 1011 Pa
■  = 0.3
 = 7800 kg/m
3
■
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Fixed at end x = 0,
► Fixed at end x = 0.6 m.
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
178
1.67.2.2 Reference results
Calculation method used to obtain the reference solution

i pulsation is given by the roots of the equation:
s²  r ²
1  cosrlchsl  shslsinrl  0
2rs
with
4i 
A 0 i2
EI zo
;r  ²  2i ; s  2i  ² 
si

2i  ²  0 
Therefore, the translation components of i(x) mode, are:
 cos(rl)  ch(sl) 
 i x   e x cosrx  chsx   (s sin(rx)  rsh(sx ))
 rsh(sl)  s sin(rl) 
Uncertainty about the reference: analytical solution:
Reference values
Eigen mode Frequency (Hz) Eigen mode i(x)*
order x=0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
1 143.303 0 0.237 0.703 1 0.859 0.354 0
2 396.821 0 -0.504 -0.818 0 0.943 0.752 0
3 779.425 0 0.670 0.210 -0.831 0.257 1 0
4 1289.577 0 -0.670 0.486 0 -0.594 1 0
* i(x) eigen modes* standardized to 1 at the point of maximum amplitude.
Eigen modes
179

CM2 Eigen mode Frequency of eigen mode 1 [Hz] 143.303

Frequency of eigen mode 1 [Hz] 145.88 Hz 1.80%
180
Test ID: 2497

Test status: Passed
1.68.1 Description
Verifies the eigen mode transverse frequencies for a thin piping elbow with a radius of 1 m, fixed on its ends and
1.68.2 Background

■ Analysis type: modal analysis (space problem);
01-0067SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Section: A = 1.131 x 10-4 m 2,
-9 4
■ Flexure moment of inertia relative to the y-axis: Iy = 4.637 x 10 m ,
-9 4
■ Polar inertia: Ip = 9.274 x 10-9 m4.
► O(0;0;0)
► A(0;R;0)
► B(R;0;0)
181
11
3
■
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed at points A and B,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
i2 GIp
fj = where i = 1,2.
2 R2 A

■ 11 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes

CM2 Eigen mode Eigen mode Transverse 2 frequency [Hz] 125

182
1.69 Short beam on two hinged supports (01-0084SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2502

Test status: Passed
1.69.1 Description
Verifies the deflection magnitude on a non-slender beam with two hinged supports.
1.69.2 Background

■ Reference: Structure Calculation Software Validation Guide, test SSLL 02/89
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Length: L = 1.44 m,
■ Area: A = 31 x 10-4 m²
■ Inertia: I = 2810 x 10-8 m4
■ Shearing coefficient: az = 2.42 = A/Ar
■ E = 2 x 1011 Pa
■  = 0.3
Boundary conditions
■ Hinge at end x = 0,
■ Hinge at end x = 1.44 m.
Loading
Uniformly distributed force of p = -1. X 105 N/m on beam AB.

The deflection on the middle of a non-slender beam considering the shear force deformations given by the
Timoshenko function:
5 pl 4 l 2p
v 
384 EI 8A r G
E
where G  and A r  A
21   az
where "Ar" is the reduced area and "az" the shear coefficient calculated on the transverse section.
183
Reference values
Point Magnitudes and units Value
C V, deflection (m) -1.25926 x 10-3

CM2 Dz Deflection magnitude in point C [m] -0.00125926

Dz Deflection magnitude in node C [m] -0.00125926 m 0.00%
184
Test ID: 2499

Test status: Passed
1.70.1 Description
Verifies the eigen mode transverse frequencies for a thin piping elbow with a radius of 1 m, extended with two
straight elements (2 m long) and subjected to its self weight only.
1.70.2 Background

■ Analysis type: modal analysis (space problem);
01-0069SDLLB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ L = 2 m,
■ Section: A = 1.131 x 10-4 m 2,
-9 4
-9 4
► O(0;0;0)
► A(0;R;0)
► B(R;0;0)
185
► C ( -L ; R ; 0 )
► D ( R ; -L ; 0 )
■ Density:  = 7800 kg/m3.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
Reference solution
i
2
GIp
fj = where i = 1,2 with i = 1,2:
2 R2 A

■ 41 nodes,
Eigen mode shapes
186
Reference


187
1.71 Double fixed beam in Eulerian buckling with a thermal load (01-0091HFLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2506

Test status: Passed
1.71.1 Description
Verifies the normal force on the nodes of a double fixed beam in Eulerian buckling with a thermal load.
1.71.2 Background

■ Reference: Euler theory;
Units
I. S.
Geometry
L= 10 m
Cross Section Sx m² Sy m² Sz m² Ix m4 Iy m4 Iz m4
Vx m3 V1y m3 V1z m3 V2y m3 V2z m3
IPE200 0.002850 0.001400 0.001799 0.0000000646 0.0000014200 0.0000194300
0.00000000 0.00002850 0.00019400 0.00002850 0.00019400
11 2
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E= 2.1 x 10 N/m ,
■ Poisson's ratio: = 0.3.
■ Coefficient of thermal expansion: = 0.00001
Boundary conditions
■ Inner: None.
188
Loading
■ External: Punctual load FZ = 1 N at = L/2 (load that initializes the deformed shape),
■ Internal: T = 5°C corresponding to a compression force of:
Reference solution
Observation: in this case, the thermal load has no effect over the critical coefficient

■ 11 nodes,
■ 10 elements.
Deformed shape of mode 1

CM2 Fx Normal Force on Node 6 - Case 101 [kN] -29.925

Fx Normal Force Fx on Node 6 - Case 101 [kN] -29.904 kN 0.07%
Fx Normal Force Fx on Node 6 - Case 102 [kN] -118.081 kN -0.30%
189
1.72 Double fixed beam in Eulerian buckling with a thermal load (01-0091HFLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2506

Test status: Passed
1.72.1 Description
Verifies the normal force on the nodes of a double fixed beam in Eulerian buckling with a thermal load.
1.72.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
L= 10 m
Cross Section Sx m² Sy m² Sz m² Ix m4 Iy m4 Iz m4
Vx m3 V1y m3 V1z m3 V2y m3 V2z m3
IPE200 0.002850 0.001400 0.001799 0.0000000646 0.0000014200 0.0000194300
0.00000000 0.00002850 0.00019400 0.00002850 0.00019400
11 2
■ Poisson's ratio: = 0.3.
■ Coefficient of thermal expansion: = 0.00001
Boundary conditions
■ Inner: None.
190
Loading
■ External: Punctual load FZ = 1 N at = L/2 (load that initializes the deformed shape),
■ Internal: T = 5°C corresponding to a compression force of:
Reference solution

■ 11 nodes,
■ 10 elements.
Deformed shape of mode 1


Fx Normal Force Fx on Node 6 - Case 101 [kN] -29.904 kN 0.07%
Fx Normal Force Fx on Node 6 - Case 102 [kN] -118.081 kN -0.30%
191
1.73 A plate (0.1 m thick), fixed on its perimeter, loaded with a punctual force (01-0066SSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2496

Test status: Passed
1.73.1 Description
1.73.2 Background

01-0066SSLSB_FEM
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Side: a = 1 m,
■ Reinforcement,
Boundary conditions
■ Inner: None.
192
Loading
6
■ External: punctual force applied in the center of the plate: F Z = -10 N,
■ Internal: None.
1.73.2.2 Vertical displacement at point C (center of the plate)
Reference solution
values at ± 5%.

■ 961 nodes,

CM2 DZ Vertical displacement in point C [m] -0.42995 x 10-3

DZ Vertical displacement in point C [mm] -0.412094 mm 4.15%
193
1.74 Reactions on supports and bending moments on a 2D portal frame (Columns) (01-
0078SSLPB_FEM)
Test ID: 2501

Test status: Passed
1.74.1 Description
Moments and actions on supports calculation on a 2D portal frame. The purpose of this test is to verify the results of
Advance Design for the M. R. study of a 2D portal frame.
1.74.2 Background

■ Reference: Design and calculation of metal structures.
194
1.74.2.2 Moments and reactions on supports M.R. calculation on a 2D portal frame.

RDM results, for the linear load perpendicular on the column, are:
qh² qh² 5kh  62h  f 

VA   VE   HE  HA  HE  qh
2L 16 h²k  3   f 3h  f 
qh²
 HE h  f 
qh²
MB   HEh MC  MD  HEh
2 4

CM2 Fz Vertical reaction V in A [DaN] 140.6
CM2 Fz Vertical reaction V in E [DaN] -140.6
CM2 Fx Horizontal reaction H in A [DaN] 579.1
CM2 Fx Horizontal reaction H in E [DaN] 170.9
CM2 My Moment in B [DaNm] -1530.8
CM2 My Moment in D [DaNm] -1281.7
CM2 My Moment in C [DaNm] 302.7
CM2
Fz Vertical reaction V on node A [daN] 140.625 daN 0.02%
Fz Vertical reaction V on node E [daN] -140.625 daN -0.02%
Fx Horizontal reaction H on node A [daN] 579.169 daN 0.01%
Fx Horizontal reaction H on node E [daN] 170.831 daN -0.04%
My Moment in node B [daNm] -1531.27 daN*m -0.03%
My Moment in node D [daNm] -1281.23 daN*m 0.04%
My Moment in node C [daNm] 302.063 daN*m -0.21%
195
1.75 Slender beam of variable rectangular section with fixed-free ends (ß=5) (01-0085SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2503

Test status: Passed
1.75.1 Description
Verifies the eigen modes (bending) for a slender beam with variable rectangular section (fixed-free).
1.75.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Straight initial section:
► h0 = 0.04 m
► b0 = 0.05 m
► A0 = 2 x 10-3 m²
■ Straight final section
► h1 = 0.01 m
► b1 = 0.01 m
► A1 = 10-4 m²
■ E = 2 x 1011 Pa
 = 7800 kg/m
3
■
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Fixed at end x = 0,
► Free at end x = 1
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: None.
196

Precise calculation by numerical integration of the differential equation of beams bending (Euler-Bernoulli theories):
2  ²   ² 
 EIz   A
x 
2
x ²  t ²
where Iz and A vary with the abscissa.
The result is:
 h
 4

i,
1 h1 E h1
fi  with 
12
2 l²    b  5
 b1
1 2 3 4 5
=5 24.308 75.56 167.21 301.9 480.4
Reference values
Eigen mode type Frequency (Hz)
1 56.55
2 175.79
Flexion 3 389.01
4 702.36
5 1117.63
MODE 1 Scale = 1/4
197
MODE 2 Scale = 1/4
MODE 3 Scale = 1/4
198
MODE 4 Scale = 1/4
MODE 5 Scale = 1/4
199

Result name Result description Reference value
Eigen mode Frequency of eigen mode 1 [Hz] 56.55

Frequency of eigen mode 3 [Hz] 388.85 Hz -0.04%
200
1.76 Fixed/free slender beam with eccentric mass or inertia (01-0096SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2510

Test status: Passed
1.76.1 Description
Fixed/free slender beam with eccentric mass or inertia.
Tested functions: Eigen mode frequencies, straight slender beam, combined bending-torsion, plane bending,
transverse bending, punctual mass.
1.76.2 Background

■ Tested functions: Eigen mode frequencies, straight slender beam, combined bending-torsion, plane bending,
transverse bending, punctual mass..
1.76.2.2 Problem data
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Outer diameter: d e= 0.35 m,
■ Inner diameter: d i = 0.32 m,
■ Beam length: l = 10 m,
■ Distance BC: lBC = 1 m
■ Area: A =1.57865 x 10-2 m2
■ Inertia: I y = Iz = 2.21899 x 10-4m 4
-4 4
■ Polar inertia: Ip = 4.43798 x 10 m
■ Punctual mass: m c = 1000 kg
201
11
■ Longitudinal elasticity modulus of AB element: E = 2.1 x 10 Pa,
■ Density of the linear element AB:  = 7800 kg/m 3
■ Poisson's ratio =0.3(this coefficient was not specified in the AFNOR test , the value 0.3 seems to be the
more appropriate to obtain the correct frequency value of modes No. 4 and 5 with NE/NASTRAN:
■ Elastic modulus of BC element: E = 1021 Pa
■ Density of the linear element BC:  = 0 kg/m3
Boundary conditions
Fixed at point A, x = 0,
Loading
None for the modal analysis
1.76.2.3 Reference frequencies
Reference solutions
The different eigen frequencies are determined using a finite elements model of Euler beam (slender beam).
fz + t0 = flexion x,z + torsion
fy + tr = flexion x,y + traction
Mode Units Reference
1 (fz + t0) Hz 1.636
2 (fy + tr) Hz 1.642
3 (fy + tr) Hz 13.460
4 (fz + t0) Hz 13.590
5 (fz + t0) Hz 28.900
6 (fy + tr) Hz 31.960
7 (fz + t0) Hz 61.610
1 (fz + t0) Hz 63.930
Uncertainty about the reference solutions

The uncertainty about the reference solutions:  1%

■ Linear element AB: Beam
■ Imposed mesh: 50 elements.
■ Linear element BC: Beam
■ Without meshing
Modal deformations
202

CM2 Frequency Eigen mode 1 frequency (fz + t0) [Hz] 1.636
CM2 Frequency Eigen mode 2 frequency (fy + tr) [Hz] 1.642
Note:
fz + t0 = flexion x,z + torsion
fy + tr = flexion x,y + traction
Observation: because the mass matrix of Advance Design is condensed and not consistent, the torsion modes
obtained are not taking into account the self rotation mass inertia of the beam.
203

204
1.77 Membrane with hot point (01-0099HSLSB_FEM)
Test ID: 2513

Test status: Passed
1.77.1 Description
Membrane with hot point.
Tested functions: Stresses.
1.77.2 Background

■ Reference: NAFEMS, Test T1
■ Analysis type: static, thermo-elastic;
■ Tested functions: Stresses.
Observation: the units system of the initial NAFEMS test, defined in mm, was transposed in m for practical reasons.
However, this has no influence on the results values.
Units
I. S.
Geometry / meshing
A quarter of the structure is modeled by incorporating the terms of symmetries.
Thickness: 1 m
205
■ Elongation coefficient  = 0.00001.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► For all nodes in y = 0, uy =0;
► For all nodes in x = 0, ux =0;
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: None,
■ Internal: Hot point, thermal load T = 100°C;
1.77.3 yy stress at point A:
Reference solution:
206
Reference value: yy = 50 MPa in A

■ Planar elements: membranes,
■ 28 planar elements,
■ 39 nodes.

CM2 syy_mid yy in A [MPa] 50
Note: This value (50.87) is obtained with a vertical cross section through point A. The value represents yy at the left
end of the diagram.
With CM2, it is essential to display the results with the “Smooth results on planar elements” option deactivated.

syy_mid Sigma yy in A [MPa] 50.8666 MPa 1.73%
207
1.78 Beam on 3 supports with T/C (k = 0) (01-0100SSNLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2514

Test status: Passed
1.78.1 Description
Verifies the rotation, the displacement and the moment on a beam consisting of two elements of the same length and
identical characteristics with 3 T/C supports (k = 0).
1.78.2 Background

■ Analysis type: static non linear;
■ Element type: linear, T/C.
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ L= 10 m
■ Section: IPE 200, Iz = 0.00001943 m4
11 2
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 10 N/m ,
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Support at node 1 restrained along x and y (x = 0),
► Support at node 2 restrained along y (x = 10 m),
► T/C stiffness ky = 0,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Vertical punctual load P = -100 N at x = 5 m,
■ Internal: None.
1.78.2.2 References solutions

ky being null, the non linear model behaves the same way as the structure without support 3.
208
Displacements
1 
   0.000153 rad
3PL2 2EI z  k y L3
32EI 3EI  2k L 
z z y
3
PL 3EI  k L 
2 3
2   0.000153 rad
z y
16EI 3EI  2k L 
z z y
3
 3PL3
v3   0.00153 m

16 3EI z  2k y L3 
3 

PL  6EI z  k y L3
2
  0.000153 rad
32EI z 3EI z   2k L 
y
3
Mz Moments
M z1  0
3k y PL4
Mz2 

16 3EI z  2k y L3 0
PL M z 2  M z1 
M z ( x  5m)    250 N.m
4 2

■ 3 nodes,
■ 2 linear elements + 1 T/C.
Deformed shape
209
Moment diagrams

CM2 RY Rotation Ry in node 1 [rad] 0.000153
CM2 RY Rotation Ry in node 2 [rad] -0.000153
CM2 DZ Displacement V in node 3 [m] 0.00153
CM2 My Moment M in node 1 [Nm] 0
CM2 My Moment M - middle span 1 [Nm] -250

RY Rotation Ry in node 1 [rad] 0.000153175 Rad 0.11%
RY Rotation Ry in node 2 [rad] -0.000153175 Rad -0.11%
DZ Displacement V in node 3 [m] 0.00153175 m 0.11%
RY Rotation Ry in node 3 [rad] -0.000153175 Rad -0.11%
My Moment M in node 1 [Nm] 1.42709e-13 N*m 0.00%
My Moment M - middle span 1 [Nm] -250 N*m 0.00%
210
1.79 A 3D bar structure with elastic support (01-0094SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2508

Test status: Passed
1.79.1 Description
A 3D bar structure with elastic support is subjected to a vertical load of -100 kN. The V2 magnitude on node 5, the
normal force magnitude, the reaction magnitude on supports and the action magnitude are verified.
1.79.2 Background

■ Reference: Internal GRAITEC;
Units
I. S.
Geometry
For all bars:
■ H=3m
■ B=3m
2
■ S = 0.02 m
Element Node i Node j
1 (bar) 1 5
2 (bar) 2 5
3 (bar) 3 5
4 (bar) 4 5
5 (spring) 5 6
■ Isotropic linear elastic materials
2
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 E8 N/m ,
211
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: At node 5: K = 50000 kN/m ;
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Vertical load at node: P = -100 kN,
■ Internal: None.
System solution
B2
L H2  . Also, U1 = V1 = U5 = U6 = V6 = 0
2
■ Stiffness matrix of bar 1
u ( x)  (1  ).ui  .u j  u ( )  1   .ui  1   .u j

x x 1 1
L L 2 2
2x
where  = 1
L
in the local coordinate system:
 1
 2   1 1  2
k1    B H BdVe  ES 0 B Bdx  ES 1  1 
T L 1
 d
T
ve   2 2  L
 2 
 1 0 1 0 (ui )
 1 1

2 ES  4
1   ES  1  1 (ui ) ES  0 0 0 0 (vi )
L 1  1 1 
d 
4 

L  1 1  (u j ) L  1 0 1
=
0 (u j )
 4 4   
0 0 0 0  (v j )
212
1 0  1 0 (u1 )
 
0 0 0 ( v 1 )
where k 1   ES  0
L 1 0 1 0 (u 5 )
 
0 0 0 0 ( v 5 )
The elementary matrix k e  expressed in the global coordinate system XY is the following: ( angle allowing
the transition from the global base to the local base):
 cos  sin  0 0 
 
  
 K e   R e  k e R e  avec R e   
T sin cos 0 0 
 0 0 cos  sin  
 
 0 0  sin  cos 
 cos 2  cos  sin   cos 2   cos  sin 

 
ES  cos  sin  sin 
2
 cos  sin   sin 2  
K e   
L  cos 2   cos  sin  cos 2  cos  sin  
 
 cos  sin   sin  cos  sin  sin 2  
2
 B2
 cos 2
 
 2L2
B H  2 H2
Knowing that cos  and sin  , then: sin   2
L 2 L  L
 HB
sin  cos  
 2L2
 B2 HB B2 HB 
 2   
 2 2 2
(U 1 )
 HB H2 
HB
H2
ES  2  (V1 )
for element 1 nodes 1  5, = arctan ( ) : K1   3 
H 2
D L B2 HB B2 HB  (U 5 )
  
 2 2 2 2  (V5 )
 HB HB 
 2  H2 H2 
 2 
■ Stiffness matrix of spring support 5
K
We say K  
4
1 0  1 0 (ui )
0 0 0 0 (vi )
 1  1 (ui )
in the local coordinate system : k 5   K 
  
 (u )  K  1
  1 1  j 0 1 0 (u j )
 
0 0 0 0  (v j )
0 0 0 0  (U 5 )
0 1 0  1 (V5 )
for element 5 nodes 5  6, = 90 : K 5   K ' 
0 0 0 0  (U 6 )
 
0 1 0  1 (V6 )
213
■ System K Q  F
 ES B 2 ES HB ES B 2 ES HB 
 3   0 0 
 L 2 L3 2 L3 2 L3 2  U  R 
 ES HB ES 2 ES HB ES  1 X1
 L3 H  3  3 H2 0 0   V  R 
   
2 L3 L 2 L 1 Y1 
 

2
ES B 2 U  R 5
0    
ES B ES HB ES HB
 3
5 X
 L3 2
0
 V5 
L 2 L3 2 L3 2    P
 
 ES HB ES 2 ES HB ES 2    
 3 H H  K 0  K  U 6  R X 6 
 L3 2 L L3 2 L3  V  R 
  6   Y6 
0 0 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0  K 0 K  
If U1 = V1 = U5 = U6 = V6 = 0, then:
P P
V5  4  4  0.001885 m
ES 2 ES 2 K
H  K H 
L3 L3 4
ES HB ES HB
R X1   3
V5  1015 N R X5  3 V5  1015 N R X6  0
And L 2 L 2
ES K
R Y1   3 H 2 V5  1436 N R Y 6   V5  23563 N
L 4
Note:
■ The values on supports specified by Advance Design correspond to the actions,
■ RY6 calculated value must be multiplied by 4 in relation to the double symmetry,
■ x1 value is similar to the one found by Advance Design by dividing this by 2

Effort in bar 1:
 B H 
L 2 0 0 
L
u1   H B  U1 
v    0 0 V 
 1  L L 2   1  and ES  1  1 u1    N1    1759 
  H  U 5       
u5   0
B
  L  1 1  u5   N 5   1759
L  V 
0
v5   L 2  5
 0 H B 
0 
 L L 2 
u1   cos sin 0 0  U1 

 v   sin cos 0   
 1  0  V1  ES  1  1 u1   N1 
    and   
u5   0 0 cos sin  U 5  L  1 1  u5   N5 
  
v5 
  0 0  sin cos  
V5 
214
Reference values
Point Magnitude Units Value

5 V2 m -1.885 10-3
All bars Normal force N -1759
Supports 1, 3, 4 and 5 Fz action N -1436
Supports 1, 3, 4 and 5 Action Fx=Fy N
1015 / 2  718
Support 6 Fz action N 23563 x 4=94253

■ Linear element: beam, automatic mesh,
■ 5 nodes,
Deformed shape
215
Normal forces diagram
216
1.79.2.3 Reference values

-3
CM2 D V2 magnitude on node 5 [m] -1.885 10
CM2 Fx Normal force magnitude on bar 1 [N] -1759
CM2
CM2 Fz Fz reaction magnitude on support 1 [N] 1436
CM2 Fx Action Fx magnitude on support 1 [N] -718
CM2 Fx Action Fx magnitude on support 3 [N] 718
CM2 Fx Action Fx magnitude on support 4 [N] 718
CM2 Fx Action Fx magnitude on support 5 [N] -718
CM2 Fy Action Fy magnitude on support 1 [N] -718
CM2 Fy Action Fy magnitude on support 3 [N] -718
CM2 Fy Action Fy magnitude on support 4 [N] 718
CM2 Fy Action Fy magnitude on support 5 [N] 718
CM2 Fz Fz reaction magnitude on support 6 [N] 23563 x 4=94253

D Displacement on node 5 [mm] 1.88508 mm 0.00%
Fx Normal force magnitude on bar 1 [N] -1759.4 N -0.02%
Fy Fz reaction magnitude on support 1 [N] 1436.55 N 0.04%
Fx Action Fx magnitude on support 1 [N] -718.274 N -0.04%
Fx Action Fx magnitude on support 2 [N] 718.274 N 0.04%
Fx Action Fx magnitude on support 3 [N] 718.274 N 0.04%
Fx Action Fx magnitude on support 4 [N] -718.274 N -0.04%
Fz Action Fy magnitude on support 1 [N] -718.274 N -0.04%
Fz Action Fy magnitude on support 2 [N] -718.274 N -0.04%
Fz Action Fy magnitude on support 3 [N] 718.274 N 0.04%
Fz Action Fy magnitude on support 4 [N] 718.274 N 0.04%
Fy Action Fy magnitude on support 6 [N] 94253.8 N 0.00%
217
1.80 Fixed/free slender beam with centered mass (01-0095SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2509

Test status: Passed
1.80.1 Description
Fixed/free slender beam with centered mass.
Tested functions: Eigen mode frequencies, straight slender beam, combined bending-torsion, plane bending,
1.80.2 Background

■ Tested functions: Eigen mode frequencies, straight slender beam, combined bending-torsion, plane bending,
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Outer diameter de = 0.35 m,
■ Beam length: l = 10 m,
■ Area: A=
-4 4
■ Polar inertia: I P = 4.43798 x 10 m
■ Inertia: I y = Iz = 2.21899 x 10-4m4
■ Punctual mass: mc = 1000 kg
■ Beam self-weight: M
218
11
■ Poisson's ratio: =0.3 (this coefficient was not specified in the AFNOR test , the value 0.3 seems to be the
more appropriate to obtain the correct frequency value of mode No. 8 with NE/NASTRAN)
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed at point A, x = 0.00m,
■ Inner: none
Loading
Reference frequency
For the first mode, the Rayleigh method gives the approximation formula
3 EI z
f1  1/ 2 x
I (m c  0.24M)
3
Mode Shape Units Reference

1 Flexion Hz 1.65
2 Flexion Hz 1.65
3 Flexion Hz 16.07
4 Flexion Hz 16.07
5 Flexion Hz 50.02
6 Flexion Hz 50.02
7 Traction Hz 76.47
8 Torsion Hz 80.47
9 Flexion Hz 103.2
10 Flexion Hz 103.2
Comment: The mass matrix associated with the beam torsion on two nodes, is expressed as:
  l  IP  1 1/ 2
 
3 1/ 2 1 
And to the extent that Advance Design uses a condensed mass matrix, the value of the torsion mass inertia
  l  Ip
introduced in the model is set to:
3
Uncertainty about the reference frequencies

■ Analytical solution mode 1,
■ Other modes:  1%,

■ Linear element AB: Beam,
■ Beam meshing: 20 elements.
219
Modal deformations
220
Observation: the deformed shape of mode No. 8 that does not really correspond to a torsion deformation, is
actually the display result of the translations and not of the rotations. This is confirmed by the rotation values of the
corresponding mode.
Eigen modes vector 8

Node DX DY DZ RX RY RZ
1 -3.336e-033 6.479e-031 -6.316e-031 1.055e-022 5.770e-028 5.980e-028
2 -5.030e-013 1.575e-008 -1.520e-008 1.472e-002 6.022e-008 6.243e-008
3 -1.005e-012 6.185e-008 -5.966e-008 2.944e-002 1.171e-007 1.214e-007
4 -1.505e-012 1.365e-007 -1.317e-007 4.416e-002 1.705e-007 1.769e-007
5 -2.002e-012 2.381e-007 -2.296e-007 5.887e-002 2.206e-007 2.289e-007
6 -2.495e-012 3.648e-007 -3.517e-007 7.359e-002 2.673e-007 2.774e-007
7 -2.983e-012 5.149e-007 -4.963e-007 8.831e-002 3.106e-007 3.225e-007
8 -3.464e-012 6.867e-007 -6.618e-007 1.030e-001 3.506e-007 3.641e-007
9 -3.939e-012 8.785e-007 -8.464e-007 1.177e-001 3.873e-007 4.023e-007
10 -4.406e-012 1.088e-006 -1.049e-006 1.325e-001 4.207e-007 4.371e-007
11 -4.863e-012 1.315e-006 -1.267e-006 1.472e-001 4.508e-007 4.684e-007
12 -5.310e-012 1.556e-006 -1.499e-006 1.619e-001 4.777e-007 4.964e-007
13 -5.746e-012 1.811e-006 -1.744e-006 1.766e-001 5.015e-007 5.210e-007
14 -6.169e-012 2.077e-006 -2.000e-006 1.913e-001 5.221e-007 5.423e-007
15 -6.580e-012 2.353e-006 -2.265e-006 2.061e-001 5.396e-007 5.605e-007
16 -6.976e-012 2.637e-006 -2.539e-006 2.208e-001 5.541e-007 5.755e-007
17 -7.357e-012 2.928e-006 -2.819e-006 2.355e-001 5.658e-007 5.874e-007
18 -7.723e-012 3.224e-006 -3.104e-006 2.502e-001 5.746e-007 5.965e-007
19 -8.072e-012 3.524e-006 -3.393e-006 2.649e-001 5.808e-007 6.028e-007
20 -8.403e-012 3.826e-006 -3.685e-006 2.797e-001 5.844e-007 6.065e-007
21 -8.717e-012 4.130e-006 -3.977e-006 2.944e-001 5.856e-007 6.077e-007
With NE/NASTRAN, the results associated with mode No. 8, are:
221

CM2 Eigen mode 1 frequency [Hz] 1.65
Comment: The difference between the reference frequency of torsion mode (mode No. 8) and the one found by
Advance Design may be explained by the fact that Advance Design is using a lumped mass matrix (see the
corresponding description sheet).

Eigen mode 5 frequency [Hz] 50 Hz -0.04%
Eigen mode 6 frequency [Hz] 50 Hz -0.04%
222
1.81 Simple supported beam in free vibration (01-0098SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2512

Test status: Passed
1.81.1 Description
Simple supported beam in free vibration.
Tested functions: Shear force, eigen frequencies.
1.81.2 Background

■ Reference: NAFEMS, FV5
■ Tested functions: Shear force, eigen frequencies.
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Full square section:

■ Dimensions: a x b = 2m x 2 m
2
■ Area: A = 4m
■ Inertia: I P = 2.25 m4
Iy = Iz = 1.333 m4
11
Density:  = 8000 kg/m
3
■
223
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► x = y = z = Rx = 0 at A ;
► y = z =0 at B ;
■ Inner: None.
Loading

Mode Shape Units Reference
1 Flexion Hz 42.649
2 Flexion Hz 42.649
3 Torsion Hz 77.542
4 Traction Hz 125.00
5 Flexion Hz 148.31
6 Flexion Hz 148.31
7 Torsion Hz 233.10
8 Flexion Hz 284.55
9 Flexion Hz 284.55
Comment: Due to the condensed (lumped) nature of the mass matrix of Advance Design, the frequencies values of 3
and 7 modes cannot be found by this software. The same modeling done with NE/NASTRAN gave respectively for
mode 3 and 7: 77.2 and 224.1 Hz.

■ Straight elements: linear element
■ Imposed mesh: 5 meshes
Modal deformations
224

CM2 Frequency of eigen mode 1 [Hz] 42.649
Comment: The torsion modes No. 3 and 7 that are calculated with NASTRAN cannot be calculated with Advance
Design CM2 solver and therefore the mode No. 3 of the Advance Design analysis corresponds to mode No. 4 of the
reference. The same problem in the case of No. 7 - Advance Design, that corresponds to mode No. 8 of the
reference.

225
1.82 Beam on 3 supports with T/C (k = -10000 N/m) (01-0102SSNLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2516

Test status: Passed
1.82.1 Description
identical characteristics with 3 T/C supports (k = -10000 N/m).
1.82.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ L= 10 m
■ Section: IPE 200, Iz = 0.00001943 m4
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► T/C ky Rigidity = -10000 N/m (the – sign corresponds to an upwards restraint),
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ Internal: None.
226
Displacements
1 
   0.000129 rad
32EI 3EI  2k L 
z z y
3
2 3
2   0.000106 rad
z y
16EI 3EI  2k L 
z z y
3
 3PL3
v3   0.00058 m

16 3EI z  2k y L3 
3 

2
  0.000034 rad
32EI z 3EI z   2k L 
y
3
Mz Moments
M z1  0
3k y PL4
Mz2 

16 3EI z  2k y L3   58.15 N.m
PL M z 2  M z1 
M z ( x  5m)    220.9 N.m
4 2

■ 3 nodes,
Deformed shape
227
Moment diagram

CM2 RY Rotation Ry in node 1 [rad] -0.000129
CM2 DZ Displacement - node 3 [m] 0.00058
CM2 My M moment - node 1 [Nm] 0
CM2 My M moment - node 2 [Nm] -58.15
CM2 My M moment - middle span 1 [Nm] -220.9

RY Rotation Ry in node 2 [rad] -0.000105646 Rad 0.33%
DZ Displacement - node 3 [m] 0.000581169 m 0.20%
RY Rotation Ry in node 3 [rad] -3.44295e-05 Rad -1.26%
My M moment - node 1 [Nm] -1.42109e-14 N*m 0.00%
My M moment - node 2 [Nm] 58.1169 N*m -0.06%
My M moment - middle span 1 [Nm] -220.942 N*m -0.02%
228
1.83 Linear system of truss beams (01-0103SSLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2517

Test status: Passed
1.83.1 Description
Verifies the displacement and the normal force for a bar system containing 4 elements of the same length and 2
diagonals.
1.83.2 Background

■ Element type: linear, bar.
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ L= 5 m
2
■ Section S = 0.005 m
11 2
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 10 N/m .
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Support at node 1 restrained along x and y,
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Horizontal punctual load P = 50000 N at node 3,
■ Internal: None.
229
Displacements
30PL
u3   0.000649 m
11ES
 6PL
v3   0.000129 m
11ES
25PL
u4   0.000541 m
11ES
5PL
v4   0.000108 m
11ES
N normal forces
5
N12  0 N14  P  22727 N
11
6 6 2
N23   P  27272 N N13  P  38569 N
11 11
5 5 2
N 43  P  22727 N N 42   P  32141N
11 11

■ Linear element: bar, without meshing,
■ 4 nodes,
Deformed shape
230
Normal forces

CM2 DX u3 displacement on Node 3 [m] 0.000649
CM2 DZ v3 displacement on Node 3 [m] -0.000129
CM2 DZ v4 displacement on Node 4 [m] 0.000108
CM2 Fx N12 normal force on Element 1 [N] 0
CM2 Fx N23 normal force on Element 2 [N] -27272
CM2 Fx N13 normal effort on Element 5 [N] 38569

DX u3 displacement on Node 3 [m] 0.000649287 m 0.04%
DZ v3 displacement on Node 3 [m] -0.000129871 m -0.68%
DX u4 displacement on Node 4 [m] 0.000541063 m 0.01%
DZ v4 displacement on Node 4 [m] 0.000108224 m 0.21%
Fx N12 normal force on Element 1 [N] 0N 0.00%
Fx N23 normal force on Element 2 [N] -27272.9 N 0.00%
Fx N43 normal force on Element 3 [N] 22727.1 N 0.00%
Fx N14 normal force on Element 4 [N] 22727.1 N 0.00%
Fx N13 normal effort on Element 5 [N] 38569.8 N 0.00%
Fx N42 normal force on Element 6 [N] -32140.9 N 0.00%
231
1.84 BAEL 91 (concrete design) - France: Linear element in combined bending/tension - without
compressed reinforcements - Partially tensioned section (02-0158SSLLB_B91)
Test ID: 2520

Test status: Passed
1.84.1 Description
Verifies the reinforcement results for a concrete beam with 8 isostatic spans subjects to uniform loads and
compression normal forces.
1.84.2 Background

■ Reference: J. Perchat (CHEC) reinforced concrete course
Units
■ Forces: kN
■ Moment: kN.m
■ Stresses: MPa
■ Reinforcement density: cm²
Geometry
■ Beam dimensions: 0.2 x 0.5 ht
■ Length: l = 48 m in 8 spans of 6m,
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 20000 MPa,
■ Poisson's ratio:  = 0.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Hinged at end x = 0,
► Vertical support at the same level with all other supports
■ Inner: Hinged at each beam end (isostatic)
Loading
■ External:
► Case 1 (DL): uniform linear load g= -5kN/m (on all spans except 8)
Fx = 10 kN at x = 42m: Ng = -10 kN for spans from 6 to 7
Fx = 140 kN at x = 32m: Ng = -150 kN for span 5
Fx = -50 kN at x = 24m: Ng = -100 kN for span 4
Fx = -70 kN at x = 6m: Ng = -30 kN for span 1
► Case 10 (DL): uniform linear load g = -5 kN/m (span 8)
Fx = 10 kN at x = 48m: Ng = -10 kN
Fx = -10 kN at x = 42m
► Case 2 to 8 (LL): uniform linear load q = -9 kN/m (on spans 1, 3 to 7)
uniform linear load q = -15 kN/m (on span 2)
232
Fx = 30 kN at x = 6m (case 2 span 1)
Fx = -50 kN at x = 6m (case 3 span 2)
Fx = -8 kN at x = 36m (case 8 span 7
► Case 9 (ACC): uniform linear load a = -25 kN/m (on 8th span)
Comb BAELUS: 1.35xDL+1.5xLL with duration of more than 24h (comb 101, 104 to 107)
Comb BAEULI: 1.35xDL+1.5xLL with duration between 1h and 24h (comb 102)
Comb BAELUC: 1.35xDL + 1.5xLL with duration of less than 1h (comb 103)
Comb BAELS: 1xDL + 1*LL (comb 108 to 114)
Comb BAELA: 1xDL + 1xACC with duration of less than 1h (comb 115)
■ Internal: None.
Reinforced concrete calculation hypothesis:

All concrete covers are set to 5 cm
BAEL 91 calculation (according to 99 revised version)
Span Concrete Reinforcement Application Concrete Cracking
1 B20 HA fe500 D>24h No Non
prejudicial
2 B35 Adx fe235 1h<D<24h No Non
prejudicial
3 B50 HA fe 400 D<1h Yes Non
prejudicial
4 B25 HA fe500 D>24h Yes Prejudicial
5 B25 HA fe500 D>24h No Very
prejudicial
6 B30 Adx fe235 D>24h Yes Prejudicial
7 B40 HA fe500 D>24h Yes 160 MPa
8 B45 HA fe500 D<1h Yes Non
prejudicial
1.84.2.2 Reinforcement calculation
Reference solution
Span 1 Span 2 Span 3 Span 4 Span 5 Span 6 Span 7 Span 8

fc28 20 35 50 25 25 30 40 45
ft28 1.8 2.7 3.6 2.1 2.1 2.4 3 3.3
fe 500 235 400 500 500 235 500 500
teta 1 0.9 0.85 1 1 1 1 0.85
gamb 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.15
233

gams 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1
h 1.6 1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1 1.6 1.6
fbu 11.33 22.04 33.33 14.17 14.17 17.00 22.67 39.13

fed 434.78 204.35 347.83 434.78 434.78 204.35 434.78 500.00
sigpreju 250.00 156.67 264.00 250.00 250.00 156.67 160.00 252.76
sigtpreju 200.00 125.33 211.20 200.00 200.00 125.33 160.00 202.21
g 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

q 9.00 15.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 25.00
pu 20.25 29.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 30.00
pser 14.00 20.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00
G -30.00 -100.00 -50.00 -100.00 -150.00 -10.00 -10.00 -10.00
Q -30.00 -50.00 -40.00 -100.00 -100.00 -8.00 -8.00 -8.00
l 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
Mu 91.13 131.63 91.13 91.13 91.13 91.13 91.13 135.00
Nu -85.50 -210.00 -127.50 -285.00 -352.50 -25.50 -25.50 -18.00
Mser 63.00 90.00 63.00 63.00 63.00 63.00 63.00
Nser -60.00 -150.00 -90.00 -200.00 -250.00 -18.00 -18.00
Vu 60.75 87.75 60.75 60.75 60.75 60.75 60.75 90.00
Main reinforcement calculation according to ULS
Mu/A 74.03 89.63 65.63 34.13 20.63 86.03 86.03 131.40
ubu 0.161 0.100 0.049 0.059 0.036 0.125 0.094 0.083
a 0.221 0.133 0.062 0.077 0.046 0.167 0.123 0.108
z 0.410 0.426 0.439 0.436 0.442 0.420 0.428 0.430
Au 6.12 20.57 7.97 8.35 9.18 11.27 5.21 6.46
Main reinforcement calculation with prejudicial cracking according to SLS
Mser/A 51.000 60.000 45.000 23.000 13.000 59.400 59.400 0.000
a 0.4186 0.6678 0.6303 0.4737 0.4737 0.6328 0.6923 0.6157
Mrb 87.53 220.78 302.44 121.16 121.16 182.01 258.82 267.55
A 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
B -3.0000 -3.0000 -3.0000 -3.0000 -3.0000 -3.0000 -3.0000 -3.0000
C -0.4533 -0.8511 -0.3788 -0.2044 -0.1156 -0.8426 -0.8250 0.0000
D 0.4533 0.8511 0.3788 0.2044 0.1156 0.8426 0.8250 0.0000
alpha1 0.238 0.432 0.428
z 0.414 0.385 0.386
Aserp 10.22 10.99 10.75
Main reinforcement calculation with very prejudicial cracking according to SLS
Mser/A 51.00 60.00 45.00 23.00 13.00 59.40 59.40 0.00
a 0.47 0.72 0.68 0.53 0.53 0.68 0.69 0.67
Mrb 96.93 231.67 319.66 132.43 132.43 192.27 258.82 283.60
A 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
B -3.0000 -3.0000 -3.0000 -3.0000 -3.0000 -3.0000 -3.0000 -3.0000
C -0.5667 -1.0638 -0.4735 -0.2556 -0.1444 -1.0532 -0.8250 0.0000
D 0.5667 1.0638 0.4735 0.2556 0.1444 1.0532 0.8250 0.0000
alpha1 0.203
z 0.420
Asertp 14.049
Transverse reinforcement calculation
tu 0.68 0.98 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 1.00
k 0.57 0.40 0.00 -0.14 -0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00
At/st 1.87 7.08 4.31 3.90 4.77 7.34 3.45 4.44
234

Recapitulation
Aflex 6.12 20.57 7.97 10.22 14.05 11.27 10.75 6.46
e0 -0.95 -1.67 -1.43 -3.17 -3.97 -0.29 -0.29 -0.13
Aminfsimp 0.75 2.38 1.86 0.87 0.87 2.11 1.24 1.37
Aminfcomp 0.83 2.54 2.01 0.90 0.90 2.80 1.65 0.30
At 1.87 7.08 4.31 3.90 4.77 7.34 3.45 4.44
Atmin 1.60 3.40 2.00 1.60 1.60 3.40 1.60 1.60

■ Linear elements: beams with imposed mesh
■ 29 nodes,

2
CM2 Az Inf. main reinf. T1 [cm ] 6.12
2
CM2 Amin Min. main reinf. T1 [cm ] 0.75
2
CM2 Atz Trans. reinf. T1 [cm ] 1.87
CM2 Az Inf. main reinf. T2 [cm2] 20.57
2
CM2 Atz Trans. reinf. T2 [cm2] 7.08
2
CM2 Amin Min. main reinf. T3 [cm2] 1.86
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
CM2 Amin Min. main. reinf. T7 [cm 2] 1.24
2
2
2
2
The "Mu limit" method must be applied in order to achieve the same results.
235

Az Inf. main reinf. T1 [cm²] -6.11718 cm² 0.05%
Amin Min. main reinf. T1 [cm²] 0.7452 cm² -0.64%
Atz Trans. reinf. T1 [cm²] 1.8699 cm² -0.01%
Atz Trans. reinf. T2 [cm²] 7.07943 cm² -0.01%
Amin Min. main reinf. T3 [cm²] 1.863 cm² 0.16%
Atz Trans. reinf. T3 [cm²] 4.3125 cm² 0.06%
Az Inf. main reinf. T4 [cm²] -10.2301 cm² -0.10%
Amin Min. main. reinf. T7 [cm²] 1.242 cm² 0.16%
236
1.85 Cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling with thermal load (01-0092HFLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2507

Test status: Passed
1.85.1 Description
Verifies the vertical displacement and the normal force on a cantilever beam in Eulerian buckling with thermal load.
1.85.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ L= 10.00 m
■ S=0.01 m2
■ I = 0.0002 m4
■ Coefficient of thermal expansion:  = 0.00001.
Boundary conditions
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Punctual load P = -100000 N at x = L,
■ Internal: T = -50°C (Contraction equivalent to the compression force)
N 100000
( 0    0.0005  T  0.00001 50 )
ES 2.1010  0.01
Reference solution
237

■ 5 nodes,
■ 4 elements.
Deformed shape

CM2 DZ Vertical displacement v5 on Node 5 - Case 101 [cm] -1.0
CM2 Fx Normal Force on Node A - Case 101 [N] -100000
CM2 Fx Normal Force on Node A - Case 102 [N] -98696

DZ Vertical displacement on Node 5 [cm] -1 cm 0.00%
Fx Normal Force - Case 101 [N] -100000 N 0.00%
Fx Normal Force - Case 102 [N] -98699.3 N 0.00%
238
1.86 Double cross with hinged ends (01-0097SDLLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2511

Test status: Passed
1.86.1 Description
Double cross with hinged ends.
Tested functions: Eigen frequencies, crossed beams, in plane bending.
1.86.2 Background

■ Reference: NAFEMS, FV2 test
■ Tested functions: Eigen frequencies, Crossed beams, In plane bending.
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Full square section:

■ Arm length: L=5m
■ Dimensions: a x b = 0.125 x 0.125
■ Area: A = 1.563 10-2 m 2
■ Inertia: IP = 3.433 x 10-5m 4
Iy = Iz = 2.035 x 10-5m 4
11
■ Density:  = 8000 kg/m 3
239
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H points restraint along x and y;
■ Inner: None.
Loading

Mode Units Reference
1 Hz 11.336
2,3 Hz 17.709
4 to 8 Hz 17.709
9 Hz 45.345
10,11 Hz 57.390
12 to 16 Hz 57.390

■ Linear elements type: Beam
■ Imposed mesh: 4 Elements / Arms
Modal deformations
240

CM2 Frequency Frequency of Eigen Mode 1 [Hz] 11.336

Frequency of Eigen Mode 1 [Hz] 11.33 Hz -0.05%
241
1.87 Beam on 3 supports with T/C (k -> infinite) (01-0101SSNLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2515

Test status: Passed
1.87.1 Description
identical characteristics with 3 T/C supports (k -> infinite).
1.87.2 Background

Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ L= 10 m
4
■ Section: IPE 200, Iz = 0.00001943 m
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
T/C stiffness ky   (1.10 N/m),
30
►
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ Internal: None.

ky being infinite, the non linear model behaves the same way as a beam on 3 supports.
242
Displacements
1 
   0.000115 rad
32EI 3EI  2k L 
z z y
3
2 3
2   0.000077 rad
z y
16EI 3EI  2k L 
z z y
3
 3PL3
v3  0

16 3EI z  2k y L3 
3 

2
  0.000038 rad
32EI z 3EI z   2k L 
y
3
Mz Moments
M z1  0
3k y PL4
Mz2 

16 3EI z  2k y L3   93.75 N.m
PL M z 2  M z1 
M z ( x  5m)    203.13 N.m
4 2

■ 3 nodes,
Deformed shape
243
Moment diagram

CM2 RY Rotation Ry - node 1 [rad] 0.000115
CM2 RY Rotation Ry - node 2 [rad] -0.000077
CM2 DZ Displacement - node 3 [m] 0
CM2 RY Rotation Ry - node 3 [rad] 0.000038
CM2 My Moment M - node 1 [Nm] 0
CM2 My Moment M - node 2 [Nm] 93.75
CM2 My Moment M - middle span 1 [Nm] -203.13

RY Rotation Ry in node 2 [rad] -7.65875e-05 Rad 0.54%
DZ Displacement - node 3 [m] 9.36486e-30 m 0.00%
RY Rotation Ry in node 3 [rad] 3.81695e-05 Rad 0.45%
My Moment M - node 1 [Nm] 1.3145e-13 N*m 0.00%
My Moment M - node 2 [Nm] 93.6486 N*m -0.11%
My Moment M - middle span 1 [Nm] -203.176 N*m -0.02%
244
1.88 BAEL 91 (concrete design) - France: Design of a concrete floor with an opening (03-
0208SSLLG_BAEL91)
Test ID: 2524

Test status: Passed
1.88.1 Description
Verifies the displacements, bending moments and reinforcement results for a 2D concrete slab with supports and
punctual loads.
1.88.2 Background

■ Calculation model: 2D concrete slab.
► Slab thickness: 20 cm
► Slab length: 20m
► Slab width: 10m
► The supports (punctual and linear) are considered as hinged.
► Supports positioning (see scheme below)
► 1,50m*2,50m opening => see positioning on the following scheme
■ Materials:
► Concrete B25
► Young module: E= 36000 MPa
■ Load case:
► Permanent loads: 100 kg/m2
► Permanent loads: 200 kg/ml around the opening
► Punctual loads of 2T in permanent loads (see the following definition)
► Usage overloads: 250 kg/m2
■ Mesh density: 0.5 m
Slab geometry
245
Support positions
Positions of punctual loads
246
Global loading overview
Load Combinations
Code Numbers Type Title
BAGMAX 1 Static Permanent loads + self weight
BAQ 2 Static Usage overloads
BAELS 101 Comb_Lin Gmax+Q
BAELU 102 Comb_Lin 1.35Gmax+1.5Q
247
1.88.2.2 Effel Structure Results
SLS max displacements (load combination 101)
Mx bending moment for ULS load combination
248
My bending moment for ULS load combination
Mxy bending moment for ULS load combination
1.88.2.3 Effel RC Expert Results
Main hypothesis
■ Top and bottom concrete covers: 3 cm
■ Slightly dangerous cracking
■ Concrete B25 => Fc28= 25 MPa
■ Reinforcement calculation according to Wood method.
■ Calculation starting from non averaged forces.
249
Axi reinforcements
Ayi reinforcements
250
Axs reinforcements
Ays reinforcements
251

Solver Result Result description Reference
name value
CM2 D Max displacement for SLS (load combination 101) [cm] 0.176
CM2 Myy Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Max(Mx) [kN.m] 25.20
CM2 Myy Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Min(Mx) [kN.m] -15.71
CM2 Mxx Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Max(My) [kN.m] 31.17
CM2 Mxx Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Min(My) [kN.m] -18.79
CM2 Mxy Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Max (Mxy) [kN.m] 10.26
CM2 Mxy Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 102) Min (Mxy) [kN.m] -10.14
2
CM2 Axi Theoretic reinforcements Axi [cm ] 3.84
2
CM2 Axs Theoretic reinforcements Axs [cm ] 3.55
2
CM2 Ayi Theoretic reinforcements Ayi [cm ] 3.75
2
CM2 Ays Theoretic reinforcements Ays [cm ] 4.53
These values are obtained from the maximum values from the mesh.

D Max displacement for SLS (load combination 101) [cm] 0.174641 cm -0.77%
Myy Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 25.2594 kN*m 0.24%
102) Max(Mx) [kNm]
Myy Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination -15.6835 kN*m 0.17%
102) Min(Mx) [kNm]
Mxx Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 31.2449 kN*m 0.24%
102) Max(My) [kNm]
Mxx Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination -18.7726 kN*m 0.09%
102) Min(My) [kNm]
Mxy Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination -10.1558 kN*m 1.02%
102) Max (Mxy) [kNm]
Mxy Mx and My bending moments for ULS (load combination 10.2508 kN*m 1.09%
102) Min (Mxy) [kNm]
Axi Theoretic reinforcements Axi [cm2] 3.83063 cm² -0.24%
Axs Theoretic reinforcementsAxs [cm2] 3.629 cm² 2.23%
Ayi Theoretic reinforcements Ayi [cm2] 3.72879 cm² -0.57%
Ays Theoretic reinforcements Ays [cm2] 4.61909 cm² 1.97%
252
1.89 CM66 (steel design) - France: Design of a 2D portal frame (03-0207SSLLG_CM66)
Test ID: 2523

Test status: Passed
1.89.1 Description
Verifies the steel calculation results (displacement at ridge, normal forces, bending moments, deflections, stresses,
buckling lengths, lateral torsional buckling lengths and cross section optimization) for a 2D metallic portal frame,
according to CM66.
1.89.2 Background

■ Calculation model: 2D metallic portal frame.
► Column section: IPE500
► Rafter section: IPE400
► Base plates: hinged.
► Portal frame width: 20m
► Columns height: 6m
► Portal frame height at the ridge: 7.5m
■ Load case:
► Permanent loads: 150 kg/m on the roof + elements self weight.
► Usage overloads: 800 kg/ml on the roof
■ Mesh density: 1m
Model preview
Combinations
Code Numbers Type Title
CMP 1 Static Permanent load + self weight
CMS 2 Static Usage overloads
CMCFN 101 Comb_Lin 1.333P
CMCFN 102 Comb_Lin 1.333P+1.5S
CMCFN 103 Comb_Lin P+1.5S
CMCD 104 Comb_Lin P+S
253
1.89.2.2 Effel Structure Results
Ridge displacements (combination 104)
Diagram of normal force envelope
254
Envelope of bending moments diagram
1.89.2.3 Effel Expert CM results
Main hypotheses
For columns
■ Deflections: 1/150
Envelopes deflections calculation.
■ Buckling: XY plane: Automatic calculation of the structure on fixed nodes
XZ plane: Automatic calculation of the structure on fixed nodes
Ka-Kb Method
■ Lateral-torsional buckling: Ldi automatic calculation: no restraints
Lds imposed value: 2 m
For the rafters

■ Buckling: XY plane: Automatic calculation of the structure on fixed nodes
Ka-Kb Method
■ Lateral-torsional buckling: Ldi automatic calculation: No restraints
Lds imposed value: 1.5m
Optimization criteria
■ Work ratio optimization between 90 and 100%
■ Labels optimization (on Advance Design templates)
255
Deflection verification
Ratio
CM Stress diagrams
Work ratio
Stresses
256
Buckling lengths
Lfy
Lfz
Lateral-torsional buckling lengths
Ldi
257
Lds
Optimization
258

CM2 D Displacement at the ridge [cm] 9.36
CM2 Fx Envelope normal forces on Columns (min) [T] -15.77
CM2 Fx Envelope normal forces on Rafters (max) [T] -1.02
CM2 My Envelope bending moments on Columns (min) [T.m] -42.41
CM2 My Envelope bending moments on Rafters (max) [T.m] 42.41
CM2 Deflection CM deflections on Columns [%] L / 438 (34%)
CM2 Deflection CM deflections on Rafters [%] L / 111 (180%)
CM2 Stress CM stresses on Columns [MPa] 230.34
CM2 Stress CM stresses on Rafters [MPa] 458.38
CM2 Lfy Buckling lengths on Columns - Lfy [m] 5.84
CM2 Lfz Buckling lengths on Columns - Lfz [m] 6
CM2 Lfy Buckling lengths on Rafters - Lfy [m] 7.08
CM2 Lfz Buckling lengths on Rafters - Lfz [m] 10.11
Warning, the local axes in Effel Structure have different orientation in Advance Design.

CM2 Ldi Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Columns Ldi [m] 6
CM2 Lds Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Columns Lds [m] 2
CM2 Ldi Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Rafters Ldi [m] 10.11
CM2 Lds Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Rafters Lds [m] 1.5
Solver Result name Result description Rate (%) Final section

CM2 Work ratio IPE500 columns - section optimization 98 IPE500
CM2 Work ratio IPE400 rafters - section optimization 195 IPE550

D Displacement at the ridge [cm] 9.36473 cm 0.05%
Fx Envelope normal forces on Columns (min) [T] -15.7798 T -0.06%
Fx Envelope normal forces on Rafters (max) [T] -1.0161 T 0.38%
My Envelope bending moments on Columns (min) [Tm] 42.4226 T*m 0.03%
My Envelope bending moments on Rafters (max) [Tm] 42.4226 T*m 0.03%
Deflection CM deflections on Columns [adm] 438.077 Adim. 0.02%
Deflection CM deflections on Rafters [adm] 111.325 Adim. 0.29%
Stress CM stresses on Columns [adm] 230.331 MPa 0.00%
Stress CM stresses on Rafters [adm] 458.367 MPa 0.00%
Lfy Buckling lengths on Columns - Lfy [m] 6m 0.00%
Lfz Buckling lengths on Columns - Lfz [m] 5.84401 m 0.07%
Lfy Buckling lengths on Rafters - Lfy [m] 10.1119 m 0.02%
Lfz Buckling lengths on Rafters - Lfz [m] 7.07904 m -0.01%
Ldi Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Columns Ldi [m] 6m 0.00%
Lds Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Columns Lds [m] 2m 0.00%
Ldi Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Rafters Ldi [m] 10.1119 m 0.02%
Lds Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Rafters Lds [m] 1.5 m 0.00%
Work ratio IPE500 columns - section optimization [adm] 0.980131 Adim. 0.01%
Work ratio IPE400 rafters - section optimization [adm] 1.9505 Adim. 0.03%
259
1.90 BAEL 91 (concrete design) - France: Linear element in simple bending - without compressed
reinforcement (02-0162SSLLB_B91)
Test ID: 2521

Test status: Passed
1.90.1 Description
Verifies the reinforcement results for a concrete beam with 8 isostatic spans subjected to uniform loads.
1.90.2 Background

■ Reference: J. Perchat (CHEC) reinforced concrete course
Units
■ Forces: kN
■ Moment: kN.m
■ Stresses: MPa
2
■ Reinforcement density: cm
Geometry
■ Beam dimensions: 0.2 x 0.5 ht
■ Length: l = 42 m in 7 spans of 6m,
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 20000 MPa,
■ Poisson's ratio:  = 0.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Hinged at end x = 0,
► Vertical support at the same level with all other supports
■ Inner: Hinge z at each beam end (isostatic)
Loading
■ External:
► Case 1 (DL): uniform linear load g = -5 kN/m (on all spans except 8)
► Case 2 to 8 (LL): uniform linear load q = -9 kN/m (on spans 1, 3 to 7)

uniform linear load q = -15 kN/m (on span 2)
► Case 9 (ACC): uniform linear load a = -25 kN/m (on 8th span)
th
► Case 10 (DL): uniform linear load g = -5 kN/m (on 8 span)
Comb BAELUS: 1.35xDL+1.5xLL with duration of more than 24h (comb 101, 104 to 107)
Comb BAEULI: 1.35xDL+1.5xLL with duration between 1h and 24h (comb 102)
Comb BAELUC: 1.35xDL + 1.5xLL with duration of less than 1h (comb 103)
Comb BAELS: 1xDL + 1*LL (comb 108 to 114)
Comb BAELUA: 1xDL + 1xACC (comb 115)
■ Internal: None.
260
Reinforced concrete calculation hypothesis:

■ All concrete covers are set to 5 cm
■ BAEL 91 calculation with the revised version 99
Span Concrete Reinforcement Application Concrete Cracking
1 B20 HA fe500 D>24h No Non
prejudicial
2 B35 Adx fe235 1h<D<24h No Non
prejudicial
3 B50 HA fe 400 D<1h Yes Non
prejudicial
4 B25 HA fe500 D>24h Yes Prejudicial
5 B60 HA fe500 D>24h No Very
prejudicial
6 B30 Adx fe235 D>24h Yes Prejudicial
7 B40 HA fe500 D>24h Yes 160 MPa
8 B45 HA fe500 D<1h Yes Non
prejudicial
1.90.2.2 Reinforcement calculation
Reference solution
fc28 20 35 50 25 60 30 40 45
ft28 1.8 2.7 3.6 2.1 4.2 2.4 3 3.3
fe 500 235 400 500 500 235 500 500
teta 1 0.9 0.85 1 1 1 1 0.85
gamb 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.15
gams 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1
h 1.6 1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1 1.6 1.6
fbu 11.33 22.04 33.33 14.17 34.00 17.00 22.67 39.13

fed 434.78 204.35 347.83 434.78 434.78 204.35 434.78 500.00
sigpreju 250.00 156.67 264.00 250.00 285.15 156.67 160.00 252.76
sigtpreju 200.00 125.33 211.20 200.00 228.12 125.33 160.00 202.21
g 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00

q 9.00 15.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 25.00
pu 20.25 29.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 20.25 30.00
pser 14.00 20.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00
l 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
Mu 91.13 131.63 91.13 91.13 91.13 91.13 91.13 135.00
Mser 63.00 90.00 63.00 63.00 63.00 63.00 63.00
Vu 60.75 87.75 60.75 60.75 60.75 60.75 60.75 90.00
Longitudinal reinforcement calculation according to ELU
ubu 0.199 0.147 0.068 0.159 0.066 0.132 0.099 0.085
a 0.279 0.200 0.087 0.217 0.086 0.178 0.131 0.111
z 0.400 0.414 0.434 0.411 0.435 0.418 0.426 0.430
Au 5.24 15.56 6.03 5.10 4.82 10.67 4.91 6.28
Main reinforcement calculation with prejudicial cracking according to SLS
A 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
B -3.000 -3.000 -3.000 -3.000 -3.000 -3.000 -3.000 -3.000
C -0.56000 -0.89362 -0.87500
D 0.56000 0.89362 0.87500
alpha1 0.367 0.442 0.438
z 0.395 0.384 0.384
Aserp 6.38 10.48 10.25
Main reinforcement calculation with very prejudicial cracking according to SLS
A 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
B -3.00 -3.00 -3.00 -3.00 -3.00 -3.00 -3.00 -3.00
C -0.70 -1.60 -0.66 -0.70 -0.61371 -1.12 -0.88 0.00
D 0.70 1.60 0.66 0.70 0.61371 1.12 0.88 0.00
alpha1 0.381
z 0.393
Asertp 7.030
261

Transversal reinforcement calculation
tu 0.68 0.98 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 1.00
k 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
At/st 0.69 1.79 4.31 3.45 3.45 7.34 3.45 4.44
Recapitulation
Aflex 5.24 15.56 6.03 6.38 7.03 10.67 10.25 6.28
Aminflex 0.75 2.38 1.86 0.87 1.74 2.11 1.24 1.37
At 0.69 1.79 4.31 3.45 3.45 7.34 3.45 4.44
Atmin 1.60 3.40 2.00 1.60 1.60 3.40 1.60 1.60

■ Linear elements: beams with imposed mesh
■ 29 nodes,
Reference

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
CM2 Amin Min. main. reinf. T7 [cm ] 1.24
2
2
2
The "Mu limit" method must be applied to attain the same results.
262

Amin Min. main. reinf. T7 [cm²] 1.242 cm² 0.16%
263
1.91 CM66 (steel design) - France: Design of a Steel Structure (03-0206SSLLG_CM66)
Test ID: 2522

Test status: Passed
1.91.1 Description
Verifies the steel calculation results (maximum displacement, normal force, bending moment, deflections, buckling
lengths, lateral-torsional buckling and cross section optimization) for a simple metallic framework with a concrete
floor, according to CM66.
1.91.2 Background

■ Calculation model: Simple metallic framework with a concrete floor.
■ Load case:
► Permanent loads: 150 kg/m² for the floor and 25kg/m² for the roof.
► Overloads: 250 kg/m² on the floor.
► Wind loads on region II for a normal location
► Snow loads on region 2B at an altitude of 750m.
■ CM66 Combinations
Model preview
Structure’s load case

Code No. Type Title
CMP 1 Static SW + Dead loads
CMS 2 Static Overloads for usage
264
Structure’s load case

Code No. Type Title
CMV 3 Static Wind overloads along +X in overpressure
CMV 4 Static Wind overloads along +X in depression
CMV 5 Static Wind overloads along -X in overpressure
CMV 6 Static Wind overloads along -X in depression
CMV 7 Static Wind overloads along +Z in overpressure
CMV 8 Static Wind overloads along +Z in depression
CMV 9 Static Wind overloads along -Z in overpressure
CMV 10 Static Wind overloads along -Z in depression
CMN 11 Static Normal snow overloads
1.91.2.2 Effel Structure results

Displacement Envelope (“CMCD" load combinations)
Envelope of linear element forces

Max. D DX DY DZ
Env. Case No.
location (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)
Max(D) 213 148 CENTER 12.115 0.037 12.035 -1.393
Min(D) 188 1.1 START 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max(DX) 204 72.1 START 3.138 3.099 0.434 0.244
Min(DX) 204 313 END 2.872 -1.872 -0.129 -2.174
Max(DY) 213 148 CENTER 12.115 0.037 12.035 -1.393
Min(DY) 213 61.5 END 9.986 -0.118 -9.985 0.046
Max(DZ) 201 371 CENTER 4.149 -0.006 -0.188 4.145
Min(DZ) 203 370 CENTER 4.124 -0.006 -0.240 -4.118
Envelope of forces on linear elements (“CMCFN” load combinations)
Envelope of linear element forces

Fx Fy Fz Mx My Mz
Env. Case No. MaxSite
(T) (T) (T) (T*m) (T*m) (T*m)
Max (Fx) 120 4.1 START 19.423 -4.108 -1.384 -0.003 1.505 7.551
Min (Fx) 138 98 START -41.618 -0.962 -0.192 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max(Fy) 120 57 END -13.473 16.349 -0.016 -0.003 0.002 55.744
Min(Fy) 120 60 START -15.994 -16.112 -0.006 -3E-004 6E-006 53.096
Max(Fz) 177 371 START -3.486 -0.118 2.655 0.000 0.000 0.000
Min(Fz) 187 370 START -3.666 -0.147 -2.658 0.000 0.000 0.000
Max(Mx) 120 111 END 3.933 4.840 0.278 0.028 -4E-005 11.531
Min(Mx) 120 21 END -22.324 13.785 -0.191 -0.028 -0.004 42.562
Max(My) 177 371 CENTER -3.099 -0.118 -0.323 0.000 4.403 -0.500
Min(My) 179 370 CENTER -3.283 -0.155 0.321 0.000 -4.373 -0.660
Max (Mz) 120 57 END -13.473 16.349 -0.016 -0.003 0.002 55.744
Min (Mz) 120 59.2 END -19.455 -8.969 -0.702 -0.003 -0.001 -57.105
Envelope of linear element stresses (“CMCFN” load combinations)
Envelope of linear element stresses

sxxMax sxyMax sxzMax sFxx sMxxMax
Env. Case No. MaxSite
(MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa)
Max(sxxMax) 120 59.2 END 273.860 -14.696 -1.024 -16.453 290.312
Min(sxxMax) 120 292 START -150.743 0.000 0.000 -150.743 0.000
Max(sxyMax) 120 57 START 262.954 37.139 -0.030 -15.609 278.562
Min(sxyMax) 120 60 END 241.643 -36.595 -0.011 -18.536 260.179
Max(sxzMax) 185 371 START -2.949 -0.183 3.876 -2.949 0.000
Min(sxzMax) 179 370 START -3.104 -0.255 -3.882 -3.104 0.000
Max(sFxx) 120 293 END 161.095 9E-005 -0.002 161.095 0.000
Min(sFxx) 120 292 START -150.743 0.000 0.000 -150.743 0.000
Max(sMxxMax) 120 59.2 END 273.860 -14.696 -1.024 -16.453 290.312
Min(sMxxMax) 1 1.1 START -4.511 3.155 -0.646 -4.511 0.000
265
1.91.2.3 CM66 Effel Expertise results
Hypotheses
For columns
■ Buckling XY plane: Automatic calculation of the structure on displaceable nodes
■ Lateral-torsional buckling: Ldi automatic calculation: hinged restraint
Lds automatic calculation: hinged restraint
For rafters
■ Buckling: XY plane: Automatic calculation of the structure on displaceable nodes
■ Lateral-torsional buckling: Ldi automatic calculation: no restraint
For columns
■ Buckling: XY plane: Automatic calculation of the structure on displaceable nodes
XZ plane: Automatic calculation of the structure on displaceable nodes
■ Lateral-torsional buckling: Ldi automatic calculation: hinged restraint
Optimization parameters
■ Work ratio optimization between 90 and 100%
■ All the sections from the library are available.
■ Labels optimization.
The results of the optimization given below correspond to an iteration of the finite elements calculation.
266
Deflection verification
Ratio
Max values on the element
■ Columns: L / 168
■ Rafter: L / 96
■ Column: L / 924
267
CM Stress diagrams
Work ratio
Stresses
Max values on the element

■ Columns: 375.16 MPa
■ Rafter: 339.79 MPa
■ Column: 180.98 MPa
268
Buckling lengths
Lfy
Lfz
269
Lateral-torsional buckling lengths
Ldi
Lds
270
Optimization

CM2 D Maximum displacement (CMCD) [cm] 12.115
CM2 Fx Envelope normal force (CMCFN) Min (Fx) [T] -41.618
CM2 Fx Envelope normal force (CMCFN) Max (Fx) [T] 19.423
CM2 My Envelope bending moment (CMCFN) Min (Mz) [Tm] -57.105
CM2 My Envelope bending moment (CMCFN) Max (Mz) [Tm] 55.744
Warning, the Mz bending moment of Effel Structure corresponds to the My bending moment of Advance Design.

CM2 Deflection CM deflections on Columns [adm] L / 168 (89%)
CM2 Deflection CM deflections on Rafters [adm] L / 96 (208%)
CM2 Deflection CM deflections on Columns [adm] L / 924 (16%)
CM2 Stress CM stresses on Rafters [MPa] 339.74
CM2 Lfy Buckling lengths on Columns Lfy [m] 8.02
CM2 Lfz Buckling lengths on Columns Lfz [m] 24.07
CM2 Lfy Buckling lengths on Rafters Lfy [m] 1.72
CM2 Lfz Buckling lengths on Rafters Lfz [m] 20.25
CM2C Lfy Buckling lengths on Columns Lfy [m] 4.20
M2
CM2 Lfz Buckling lengths on Columns Lfz [m] 5.67
271
Warning, the local axes in Effel Structure are opposite to those in Advance Design.

CM2 Ldi Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Columns Ldi [m] 8.5
CM2 Lds Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Columns Lds [m] 8.5
CM2 Ldi Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Rafters Ldi [m] 8.61
CM2 Lds Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Rafters Lds [m] 1.72
CM2 Ldi Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Columns Ldi [m] 2
CM2 Lds Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Columns Lds [m] 2
Solver Result name Result description Rate (%) Final section

CM2 Work ratio IPE500 columns - section optimization [adm] 1.59 IPE600
CM2 Work ratio IPE400 rafters - section optimization [adm] 1.45 IPE500
CM2 Work ratio IPE400 columns - section optimization [adm] 0.77 IPE360

D Maximum displacement (CMCD) [cm] 12.138 cm 0.19%
Fx Envelope normal force (CMCFN) Min (Fx) [T] -41.6255 T -0.02%
Fx Envelope normal force (CMCFN) Max (Fx) [T] 19.4736 T 0.26%
My Envelope bending moment (CMCFN) Min (Mz)[Tm] -57.113 T*m -0.01%
My Envelope bending moment (CMCFN) Max (Mz) [Tm] 55.7624 T*m 0.03%
Deflection CM deflections on Columns [adm] 167.595 Adim. -0.24%
Deflection CM deflections on Rafters [adm] 96.0768 Adim. 0.08%
Deflection CM deflections on Columns [adm] 925.218 Adim. 0.13%
Stress CM stresses on Columns [MPa] 374.504 MPa -0.04%
Stress CM stresses on Rafters [MPa] 347.517 MPa 2.29%
Stress CM stresses on Columns [MPa] 180.65 MPa -0.18%
Lfy Buckling lengths on Columns Lfy [m] 7.96718 m -0.66%
Lfz Buckling lengths on Columns Lfz [m] 24.0693 m 0.00%
Lfy Buckling lengths on Rafters Lfy [m] 1.72255 m 0.15%
Lfz Buckling lengths on Rafters Lfz [m] 20.2452 m -0.02%
Lfy Buckling lengths on Columns Lfy [m] 4.19567 m -0.10%
Lfz Buckling lengths on Columns Lfz [m] 5.67211 m 0.04%
Ldi Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Columns Ldi [m] 8.5 m 0.00%
Lds Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Columns Lds [m] 8.5 m 0.00%
Ldi Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Rafters Ldi [m] 8.61187 m 0.02%
Lds Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Rafters Lds [m] 8.61187 m 0.02%
Ldi Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Columns Ldi [m] 2m 0.00%
Lds Lateral-torsional buckling lengths on Columns Lds [m] 2m 0.00%
Work ratio IPE500 columns - section optimization [adm] 1.59363 Adim. 0.23%
Work ratio IPE400 rafters - section optimization [adm] 1.4788 Adim. 1.99%
Work ratio IPE400 columns - section optimization [adm] 0.768724 Adim. -0.17%
272
1.92 PS92 - France: Study of a mast subjected to an earthquake (02-0112SMLLB_P92)
Test ID: 2519

Test status: Passed
1.92.1 Description
A structure consisting of 2 beams and 2 punctual masses, subjected to a lateral earthquake along X. The frequency
modes, the eigen vectors, the participation factors, the displacement at the top of the mast and the forces at the top
of the mast are verified.
1.92.2 Background

■ Analysis type: modal and spectral analyses;
■ Element type: linear, mass.
1.92.2.2 Material strength model
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ Length: L= 35.00 m,
■ Outer radius: Rext= 3.00 m,
■ Inner radius: Rint= 2.80 m,
■ Axial section: S= 3.644 m 2,

4
■ Polar inertia: Ip= 30.68 m ,
4
■ Bending inertias: Ix= 15.34 m ,
4
Iy= 15.34 m ,
Masses
■ M1= 203873.6 kg
■ M2= 101936.8 kg
10 2
■ Poisson's ratio: = 0.1,
= 25 kN/m ,
3
■ Density:
273
Boundary conditions
■ Outer: Fixed in X= 0.00m, Y= 0.00 m,
Loading
■ External: Seismic excitation on X direction

Linear element: beam, automatic mesh,
1.92.2.3 Seismic hypothesis in conformity with PS92 regulation

■ Zone: Nice Sophia Antipolis (Zone II) ;
■ Site: S1 (Medium soil, 10m thickness);
■ Construction type class: B;
■ Behavior coefficient: 3;
■ Material damping: 4% (Reinforced concrete).
1.92.2.4 Modal analysis
Eigen periods reference solution

Substract the value of structure’s specific horizontal periods by solving the following equation:
 
det K  M 2  0
48EI  16  5
K  
 5 
7L3  2 

 M1 0 
M  
 0 

 M2 
Eigen modes Units Reference
1 Hz 2.085
2 Hz 10.742
Modal vectors
For 1:
 48EI  16  5   M  2 0   U1  U   1 
   1 1     0   1  1   
 7L3   5 2   0 2  
M 2  1   2   U   3.055 
  U  2  
For 2:
U   1 
 2  1    
 U 2    0.655 
Normalizing relative to the mass
 9.305  10 4   2.01 10 3 
1   ; 2 
3 

  1.316  10 3 
 2.842  10   
274
Modal deformations
1.92.2.5 Spectral study
Design spectrum
275
Nominal acceleration:
f1  2.085Hz  a n  5.5411m s 2
f2  10.742Hz  a n  6.25 m s 2
Observation: the gap between pulses is greater than 10%, so the modal responses can be regarded as independent.
Reference participation factors

 i   iM
 : Vecteur  directeur  de  la  direction  du  séisme

Eigen modes Reference
1 479.427
2 275.609
Pseudo-acceleration
i  a i     i   i in (m/s2)
0.4
 5% 
    : Damping correction factor,
  
: Structure damping.
 2.7026   3.7852 
1    1   
 8.2556   - 2.4783 
Reference modal displacement
 1.576E  02   8.318E  04 
 1     2   
 4.814E  02   - 5.446E  04 
Equivalent static forces
 5.510E  05   7.717E  05 
F1    F2   
 8.415E  05   - 2.526E  05 
Displacement at the top of the mast
U1  4.81E  02 2
  5.446E  04
2

Units Reference
m 4.814 E-02
Shear force at the top of the mast
T1 
8.415E  05 2
  2.526E  05
2

3
3: Being the behavior coefficient of forces
Units Reference
N 2.929 E+05
276
Moment at the base
Units Reference
N.m 1.578 E+07
Reference

CM2 Frequency Frequency Mode 1 [Hz] 2.085
CM2 Frequency Frequency Mode 2 [Hz] 10.742
CM2 D Displacement at the top of the mast [cm] 4.814
CM2 Fz Forces at the top of the mast [N] 2.929E+05

Frequency Mode 1 [Hz] 2.08 Hz -0.24%
Frequency Mode 2 [Hz] 10.74 Hz -0.02%
D Displacement at the top of the mast [cm] 4.81159 cm -0.05%
Fz Forces at the top of the mast [N] 292677 N -0.08%
277
1.93 Non linear system of truss beams (01-0104SSNLB_FEM)
Test ID: 2518

Test status: Passed
1.93.1 Description
Verifies the displacement and the normal force for a bar system containing 4 elements of the same length and 2
diagonals.
1.93.2 Background

■ Element type: linear, bar, tie.
Units
I. S.
Geometry
■ L= 5 m
■ Section S = 0.005 m2
Longitudinal elastic modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 N/m2.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
■ Inner: None.
Loading
■ External: Horizontal punctual load P = 50000 N at node 3,
278
■ Internal: None.

In non linear analysis without large displacement, the introduction of ties for the diagonal bars removes bar 5 (test
No. 0103SSLLB_FEM allows finding an compression force in this bar at the linear calculation).
Displacements
5PL
u3  u 4   0.001195 m
11ES
PL
v3    0.000238 m
ES
v4  0
N normal forces
N12  0 N14  0
N23  P  50000 N N13  2P  70711N
N 43  0 N42  0

■ Linear element: bar, without meshing,
■ 4 nodes,
Deformed shape
279
Normal forces

CM2 DZ v3 displacement on Node 3 [m] -0.000238
CM2 DZ v4 displacement on Node 4 [m] 0
CM2 Fx N13 normal effort on Element 5 [N] 70711

DX u3 displacement on Node 3 [m] 0.00119035 m -0.39%
DZ v3 displacement on Node 3 [m] -0.000238095 m -0.04%
DX u4 displacement on Node 4 [m] 0.00119035 m -0.39%
DZ v4 displacement on Node 4 [m] 9.94686e-316 m 0.00%
Fx N23 normal force on Element 2 [N] -50000 N 0.00%
Fx N14 normal force on Element 4 [N] 2.08884e-307 N 0.00%
Fx N13 normal effort on Element 5 [N] 70710.7 N 0.00%
280
1.94 Generating planar efforts before and after selecting a saved view (TTAD #11849)
Test ID: 3454

Test status: Passed
1.94.1 Description
Generates efforts for all planar elements before and after selecting the third saved view.
1.95 Verifying forces for triangular meshing on planar element (TTAD #11723)
Test ID: 3463

Test status: Passed
1.95.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation, verifies the forces for triangular meshing on a planar element and generates
a report for planar elements forces by load case.
The planar element is a square shell (5 m) with a thickness of 20 cm, C20/25 material with a linear rigid support. A
linear load of -10.00 kN is applied on FZ direction.
1.96 Verifying stresses in beam with "extend into wall" property (TTAD #11680)
Test ID: 3491

Test status: Passed
1.96.1 Description
Verifies the results on two concrete beams which have the "Extend into the wall" option enabled. One of the beams is
connected to 2 walls on both sides and one with a wall and a pole. Generates the linear elements forces by elements
report.
1.97 Verifying the displacement results on linear elements for vertical seism (TTAD #11756)
Test ID: 3442

Test status: Passed
1.97.1 Description
Verifies the displacements results on an inclined steel bar for vertical seism according to Eurocodes 8 localization
and generates the corresponding report.
The steel bar has a rigid support and IPE100 cross section and is subjected to self weight and seism load on Z
direction (vertical).
1.98 Verifying constraints for triangular mesh on planar elements (TTAD #11447)
Test ID: 3460

Test status: Passed
1.98.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation, verifies the stresses for triangular mesh on a planar element and generates
a report for planar elements stresses in neutral fiber.
The planar element is 20 cm thick, C20/25 material with a linear rigid support. A linear load of 30.00 kN is applied on
FX direction.
281
1.99 Verifying diagrams after changing the view from standard (top, left,...) to user view (TTAD
#11854)
Test ID: 3539

Test status: Passed
1.99.1 Description
Verifies the results diagrams display after changing the view from standard (top, left,...) to user view.
1.100 Verifying forces results on concrete linear elements (TTAD #11647)
Test ID: 3551

Test status: Passed
1.100.1 Description
Verifies forces results on concrete beams consisting of a linear element and on beams consisting of two linear
elements. Generates the linear elements forces by load case report.
1.101 Generating results for Torsors NZ/Group (TTAD #11633)
Test ID: 3594

Test status: Passed
1.101.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation on a complex concrete structure with four levels. Generates results for
Torsors NZ/Group. Verifies the legend results.
The structure has 88 linear elements, 30 planar elements, 48 windwalls, etc.
1.102 Verifying Sxx results on beams (TTAD #11599)
Test ID: 3595

Test status: Passed
1.102.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation on a complex model with concrete, steel and timber elements. Verifies the
Sxx results on beams. Generates the maximum stresses report.
The structure has 40 timber linear elements, 24 concrete linear elements, 143 steel elements. The loads applied on
the structure: dead loads, live loads, snow loads, wind loads and temperature loads (according to Eurocodes).
1.103 Verifying diagrams for Mf Torsors on divided walls (TTAD #11557)
Test ID: 3610

Test status: Passed
1.103.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the results diagrams for Mf torsors on a high wall divided in 6
walls (by height).
The loads applied on the model: self weight, two live load cases and seism loads according to Eurocodes 8.
282
1.104 EC8 / NF EN 1998-1 - France: Verifying the level mass center (TTAD #11573, TTAD #12315)
Test ID: 3609

Test status: Passed
1.104.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation on a model with two planar concrete elements with a linear support. Verifies
the level mass center and generates the "Excited total masses" and "Level modal mass and rigidity centers" reports.
The model consists of two planar concrete elements with a linear fixed support. The loads applied on the model are:
self weight, a planar live load of -1 kN and seism loads according to French standards of Eurocodes 8.
1.105 Verifying results on punctual supports (TTAD #11489)
Test ID: 3693

Test status: Passed
1.105.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and generates the punctual supports report, containing the following tables:
"Displacements of point supports by load case", "Displacements of point supports by element", "Point support actions
by load case", "Point support actions by element" and "Sum of actions on supports and nodes restraints".
The structure consists of concrete, steel and timber linear elements with punctual supports.
1.106 Verifying nonlinear analysis results for frames with semi-rigid joints and rigid joints (TTAD
#11495)
Test ID: 3795

Test status: Passed
1.106.1 Description
Verifies the nonlinear analysis results for two frames with one level. One of the frames has semi-rigid joints and the
other has rigid joints.
1.107 Generating a report with torsors per level (TTAD #11421)
Test ID: 3774

Test status: Passed
1.107.1 Description
Generates a report with the torsors per level results.
1.108 Verifying tension/compression supports on nonlinear analysis (TTAD #11518)
Test ID: 4198

Test status: Passed
1.108.1 Description
Verifies the behavior of supports with several rigidities fields defined.
Performs the finite elements calculation and generates the "Displacements of linear elements by element" report.
The model consists of a vertical linear element (concrete B20, R20*30 cross section) with a rigid punctual support at
the base and a T/C punctual support at the top. A value of 15000.00 kN/m is defined for the KTX and KTZ stiffeners
of the T/C support. Two loads of 500.00 kN are applied.
283
1.109 Verifying tension/compression supports on nonlinear analysis (TTAD #11518)
Test ID: 4197

Test status: Passed
1.109.1 Description
Verifies the supports behavior when the rigidity has a high value.
Performs the finite elements calculation and generates the "Displacements of linear elements by element" report.
The model consists of a vertical linear element (concrete B20, R20*30 cross section) with a rigid punctual support at
the base and a T/C punctual support at the top. A large value of the KTX stiffener of the T/C support is defined. Two
loads of 500.00 kN are applied.
1.110 Verifying the main axes results on a planar element (TTAD #11725)
Test ID: 4310

Test status: Passed
1.110.1 Description
Verifies the main axes results on a planar element.
Performs the finite elements calculation for a concrete wall (20 cm thick) with a linear support. Displays the forces
results on the planar element main axes.
1.111 Verifying the display of the forces results on planar supports (TTAD #11728)
Test ID: 4375

Test status: Passed
1.111.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation and verifies the display of the forces results on a planar support. The model
consists of a concrete vertical element with a planar support.
1.112 Verifying the internal forces results for a simple supported steel beam
Test ID: 4533

Test status: Passed
1.112.1 Description
Performs the finite elements calculation for a horizontal element (S235 material and IPE180 cross section) with two
hinge rigid supports at each end. One of the supports has translation restraints on X, Y and Z, the other support has
restraints on Y and Z.
Verifies the internal forces My, Fz. Validated according to: Example: 3.1 - Simple beam bending without the stability
loss Publication: Steel structures members - Examples according to Eurocodes By: F. Wald a kol.
284
1.113 Verifying forces on a linear elastic support which is defined in a user workplane (TTAD
#11929)
Test ID: 4553

Test status: Passed
1.113.1 Description
Verifies forces on a linear elastic support, which is defined in a user workplane, and generates a report with forces for
linear support in global and local workplane.
1.114 Verifying torsors on a single story coupled walls subjected to horizontal forces
Test ID: 4804

Test status: Passed
1.114.1 Description
Verifies torsors on a single story coupled walls subjected to horizontal forces
1.115 Calculating torsors using different mesh sizes for a concrete wall subjected to a horizontal
force (TTAD #13175)
Test ID: 5088

Test status: Passed
1.115.1 Description
Calculates torsors using different mesh sizes for a concrete wall subjected to a horizontal force.
285
1.116 Verifying results of a steel beam subjected to dynamic temporal loadings (TTAD #14586)
Test ID: 5853

Test status: Passed
1.116.1 Description
Verifies a double-end fixed steel beam subjected to harmonic concentrated loadings.
2 Hz and 3 Hz excitation frequencies are studied.
1.116.2 Background
The harmonic response of a steel beam fixed at both ends is studied. The beam contains 8 elements having the
same length and identical characteristics. Harmonic concentrated loadings (a vertical load and a bending moment)
are applied in the middle of the beam. Two excitation frequencies are studied: 2.0 and 3.0 Hz.

■ Reference: NE/Nastran V8;
Units
I. S.
Geometry
Below are described the beam cross section characteristics:
■ Beam length: L = 16 m,
■ Square shaped cross section: b = 0.05 m,
■ Section area: A = 0.06 m2,
4
■ Flexion inertia moment about the y (or z) axis: I = 0.0001 m .
■ Poisson coefficient:  = 0.3,
■ Density:  = 7850 kg/m3.
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Fixed support at start point (x = 0),
► Fixed support at end point (x = 16.00).
■ Inner: None.
286
Loading
■ External:
► Point load at x=8: P = Fz = -50 000 sin (2π f t) N
► Bending moment at x=8: M = My = 10000 sin (2π f t) Nm

■ Internal: None.
1.116.2.2 Harmonic response from NE/Nastran V8
Reference solution
Considering a natural frequency (modal) analysis for a double-end fixed beam, the first four natural frequencies can
be determined using the following formula:
 n2 EI
fn 
2    L2 A
The modal response is determined considering 14 modes.
The first four mode shapes and their frequencies are:
1 = 22.37  f1 = 2.937 Hz
2
22 = 61.67  f2 = 8.095 Hz

32 = 120.9  f3 = 15.871 Hz
42 = 199.8  f4 = 26.228 Hz
The vertical reference displacement is calculated in the middle of the beam at x = 8 m.
Software NE/NASTRAN 8.0

Vertical maximum displacement (f = 2 Hz) in the middle 0.155 m
of the beam
Vertical maximum displacement (f = 3 Hz) in the middle 2.266 m
of the beam
287
Response in the middle of the beam with f = 2 Hz
Response in the middle of the beam with f = 3 Hz

■ Linear element: beam, imposed mesh
■ 9 nodes,

Deformed – D Vertical maximum displacement in the middle of the beam 0.155 m
(2 Hz) [m]
Deformed – D Vertical maximum displacement in the middle of the beam 2.266 m
(3 Hz) [m]

D Vertical maximum displacement in the middle of 15.3783 cm -0.7852 %
the beam (2 Hz)
D Vertical maximum displacement in the middle of 211.41 cm -6.7034 %
the beam (3 Hz)
288
1.117 Verifying a simply supported concrete slab subjected to temperature variation between top
and bottom fibers
Test ID: 6239

Test status: Passed
1.117.1 Description
Verifies a simply supported concrete slab subjected to a variation of temperature (8 Celsius degrees outside and 22
Celsius degrees inside).
In this project, global Z axis is oriented downwards.
289
1.118 FEM Results - United Kingdom: Simply supported laterally restrained (from P364 Open
Sections Example 2)
Test ID: 6327

Test status: Passed
1.118.1 Description
The 533x210x92 UKB in S275 beam is fully laterally restrained along its length and pinned supports, includes a UDL
and point load at the centre.
1.118.2 Background

Reference: SCI PUBLICATION P364, Steel Building Design: Worked Examples - Open Sections. In accordance with
Eurocodes and the UK National Annexes, Example 2 - Simply supported laterally restrained beam
■ Analysis type: static linear (plane problem),
■ Element type: linear,
The beam shown in the figure below is fully laterally restrained along its length and has bearing lengths of 50
mm at the unstiffened supports and 75 mm under the point load. Design the beam in S275 steel for the
loading shown below.
The design aspects covered in this example are:

■ Calculation of design values of actions for ULS and SLS,
■ Cross section classification,
■ Cross sectional resistance:
► Shear buckling,
► Shear,
► Bending moment,
■ Resistance of web to transverse forces,
■ Vertical deflection of beam at SLS.
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the column cross section characteristics:
■ Depth: h= 533.1 mm
■ Width: b= 209.3 mm
■ Flange thickness: 15.6 mm
■ Root radius: r= 12.7 mm
■ Depth between flange fillets: d= 476.5 mm
■ Second moment of area, y-y axis:
■ Plastic modulus, y-y ax:
■ Section area: A= 11700
■ Modulus of elasticity:
290
For buildings that will be built in the UK, the nominal values of the yield strength (fy) and the ultimate strength (fu) for
structural steel should be those obtained from the product standard. Where a range is given, the lowest nominal
value should be used.
For S275 steel and t ≤ 16 mm
■ Yield strength:
1.118.2.2 Shear resistance

Verify that:
For plastic design, is the design plastic shear resistance ( ).
is the shear area and is determined as follows for rolled I and H sections with the load applied parallel to the web.
Therefore,
The design plastic shear resistance is:
Maximum design shear
Therefore the shear resistance of the section is adequate.

Steel Strength - Work ratio - Fz Shear Resistance 30%

My My -539.624 kN*m -0.0230 %
Fz Fz end -269.602 kN -0.0378 %
Fz Fz mid -62.475 kN 0.0400 %
291
1.119 Verifying the correct use of symmetric steel cross sections (eg. IPE300S)
Test ID: 6350

Test status: Passed
1.119.1 Description
This test is verifying if the symmetric steel cross sections are sent correctly, with the inversed cross section
characteristics, to the CM2 engine.
1.120 Temperature load: SD frame with elements under tempertature gradient, applied on separate
systems
Test ID: 6362

Test status: Passed
1.120.1 Description
The purpose of this test is check the displacements values of a node (hinge node) on a Static determined frame.
All 3 linear elements are subjected to a load from a temperature applies with different gradient values.
All 3 temperature load cases are applied on each element, using the List option from the temperature load case.
1.121 Verifying displacements of a prestressed cable structure with results presented in Tibert,
1999.
Test ID: 6365

Test status: Passed
1.121.1 Description
The model contains 12 prestressed cable elements subjected to a small uniform self-weight and concentrated loads
at each cable intersection point.
Note that the cable net is not in equilibrium under its assumed initial configuration.
The displacement at the cable intersection points under the four point loads is compared with results presented in
Tibert, 1999.
1.122 Checks the bending moments in the central node of a steel frame with two beams having a
rotational stiffness of 42590 kN/m.
Test ID: 6381

Test status: Passed
1.122.1 Description
ECCS-Manual Design of Steel Structures to EC3(2010) L.S da Silva, R Simoes H Gervasio.(page 79-Example 2.2),
point a.
It checks the bending moments in the central node of a steel frame with two beams having a rotational stiffness of
42590 kN/m.
292
1.123 Verifies the ultimate factored gravity loads acting on elements of a structure
Test ID: 6421

Test status: Passed
1.123.1 Description
The test verifies the load combination generator according to of the National Building Code of Canada 2010
The ultimate factored gravity loads acting on elements of a structure are evaluated
1.123.2 Background
A building consists of two flat slabs supported by columns and concrete walls (acting also as lateral supports) is
subjected to gravity loads (dead loads, live loads and snow loads).
The test verifies the calculation of the factored loads and load combinations as defined by NBCC-2010 carried by an
interior column of the building and compares the results returned by the program depending on the fine element
meshing type of the slab.

■ Analysis type: linear static analysis – 3D problem
■ Elements type: linear, planar
■ Load cases:
Loads acting on the roof:
Dead load (category D): Fz=-3.0kN/m2; Snow load (category S): Fz=-1.84kN/m2;
Loads acting on the floor:
Dead load (category D): Fz=-3.6kN/m2; Live load (category L): Fz=-2.4kN/m2;
Units
Metric System
293
Geometry
■ Cross sections:
Columns: C500 (500x500mm)
Slabs: 200mm thick
Walls: 200mm thick
Concrete Con030(24) is used in this test. The following characteristics are used in relation to this material:
■ Longitudinal rigidity E=26621MPa
■ Transverse rigidity: G=11092.08MPa
■ Poisson’s ratio: ν=0.2
3
■ Density=2.45T/m
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below:
■ The column are fixed at their bases, Restraints: TX, TY, TZ, RX, RY, RZ;
■ Linear rigid support are placed at the base of the supporting walls, Restraints: TX, TY, TZ, RX, RY, RZ;
Loading
The following ultimate load combinations are used in this test:
Load Combination
Case
Principal loads Companion loads
1 1.4D -
2 1.25D + 1.5L 0.5S
3 1.25D + 1.5S 0.5L
Note:
LOAD COMBINATIONS WITHOUT CRANE LOADS FOR ULTIMATE STATES (NBCC2010):
Load Combination
Case
Principal loads Companion loads
1 1.4D -
2 ( 1.25D or 0.9D ) + 1.5L 0.5S or 0.4W
3 ( 1.25D or 0.9D ) + 1.5S 0.5L or 0.4W
4 ( 1.25D or 0.9D ) + 1.4W 0.5L or 0.5S
5 ( 1.0D + 1.0E ) 0.5L + 0.25S
Reference solution
The tributary area of the column is: Atributary  10m  7.5m  75m 2
COLUMN C:
Unfactored loads:
C(D)  3kN / m 2  75m 2  225kN
C(S)  1.84kN / m 2  75m 2  138kN
294
Factored load combinations:

COMB1:
Cf  1.40  225k N  315k N
COMB2:
Cf  1.25  225k N  0.5  138k N  350.25k N
COMB3:
Cf  1.25  225k N  1.5  138k N  488.25k N
COLUMN D:
Unfactored loads:
C(D)  3.6kN / m2  75m2  270kN
C(L)  2.40kN / m2  75m2  180kN

Factored load combinations:
COMB1:
C f  1.4  (225kN  270kN )  693kN

COMB2:
Cf  1.25  (270k N  225k N)  1.5  180k N  0.5  138k N  957.75k N
COMB3:
Cf  1.25  (270k N  225k N)  1.5  138k N  0.5  180k N  915.75k N
Combination 2 governs the design of the column in this case.

■ Linear element: S beam
■ 5 linear element, 6 planar elements
Combination 101:
295
Combination 103:
Combination 106:
Result name Result description Level of the column Reference value
COMB1 Factored axial load Level 2 315.00kN
Level 1 693.00kN
Level 1 957.75kN
Level 1 915.75kN
296
1.124 Verifies the response spectrum analysis results for a 2D frame
Test ID: 6420

Test status: Passed
1.124.1 Description
The test verifies the response spectrum analysis method results for 2D frame.
The masses are lumped at the middle of each rigid element.
1.124.2 Background
Two storey structure shown in the figure below is subjected to Montreal response spectrum. Using RSA method the
test verifies the probable maximum displaced shape of the structure, the maximum shear in the second floor as well
as the maximum shear at the base using the SRSS combination. It is assumed that the damping is 5% in each mode
of vibration.
2
Gravity g=9.81m/s

■ Analysis type: Dynamic - 2D problem
■ Elements type: linear and masses
■ Modal analysis: The masses used to calculate the lateral first two modes of the structures are defined by only
point masses. An imposed seism damping of 5%.
■ The following load case is used:
► Dead load (category D): Self weight
Masses: M1=6.89T; M2=3.45T
Units
Metric System
297
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ Columns Level1: C164.88,
■ Columns Level2: C143.35,
■ Horizontal members: RIGID,
Lengths:
■ Columns height: 5m,
Reinforced concrete Con040(24) is used. The following characteristics are used in relation to this material:
■ Specified compressive strength of concrete f’c=40MPa,
■ Specified yield strength of non-restressed reinforcement or anchor steel f y=500MPa,
■ Longitudinal elastic modulus: E=29602MPa
■ Transverse rigidity: G=12334.17MPa
■ Poisson’s ratio: ν=0.2
3
■ Density: 2.45T/m
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► All the columns are fixed at their base
■ Inner: None.
Loading
The frame is subjected the following load combination:
■ The ultimate limit state (ULS) combination is: Cmax = 1 x D
Reference solution
a) Spectral responses calculation:
The relative displacement spectral response values SD i and the spectral acceleration S A i corresponding to each
mode are obtained from the Response spectrum NBCC2010 of Montreal region (soil C, damping 5%).
The modal analysis of this structure gives :
2
T1   1.231s
1
2
T2   0.600s
2
Therefore the spectral values are:
Mode T(s) Sa (g) Sv=Sa/ω (m/s) SD=Sv/ ω (m)
1 1.235 0.119 0.228 0.045
2 0.600 0.300 0.281 0.027
298
b) Maximum displacement values for each DDOF:

The maximal displacement for ach DDOF is given by:
x max
j
 α S A 
j D
( j) j
With  j are the participation factors of mode j:
αj 
A  M r 
j T
Mj
M j , the generalized mass calculated for each mode:
Mj  Aj   M A 
T j
 1   1 
A1    A2   
1.838  ;  1.089
7 0   1 
M1  1 1.838 
2
  18.823k Ns / m
0 3.5 1.838 
7 0   1 
M 2  1  1.089 
2
  11.150Ns / m
0 3. 5   1.089 
Thereby:
α1 
1
1 1.8387 0  1  0.714
18.823 0 3.5 1
1  1.089
1 7 0  1
α2      0.285
11.150 0 3.5 1
α i 1

 x1max 
1
  1  0.0321
 1
 0.714  0.045    (m)

x 2 max  1.838   0.059 

 x1max 
2
  1   0.0077 
 2
 0.285  0.027    (m)

x 2 max   1.089  0.0084 
c) Estimation of maximum modal forces at each level and modal shear forces at the base:
Q max
j
 K x max
j
;
Vmax j  M j α j 2 S A j
;
Mode1:

Q1max 
1
  550  200  0.0321 5.85
 
1   200   k N

 2 max 
Q   200   0.059  5.38
Vbase max1  18.823  0.714 2  0.119  9.81  11.202k N
Mode2:

Q1max 
2
  550  200   0.0077   5.92 
 
2   200   k N

Q2 max   200   0.0084   3.22
Vbase max 2  11.150  0.285 2  0.3  9.81  2.75k N
299
d) Estimation of maximum responses by statistical combination of the maximum modal responses (SRSS):
Maximum modal responses are combined with the relatively simple statistical method SRSS:
2 2
   ( 2) 
x i , max   x i (1)    xi  ; i  1; 2
 max   max 
Vbase, max  V 1
max   V
2 2
max ;
2
Maximal displacements:
 x1max   0.03212  0.0077 2  0.033 

   (m)
x 2 max   0.059 2  0.0084 2  0.059 
Maximal shear at the base:
Vbase, max  11.2022  2.752  11.535k N;

■ Linear element: S beam, rigid;
■ 8 nodes,
■ 6 linear element.
■ 2 point supports
300

Result name Result description Reference
value
x1max Maximal displacement of the first DDOF 33.01mm
X2max Maximal displacement of the second DDOF 59.59mm
Vbase,max Maximum base shear of the response spectrum analysis 11.535kN
301
1.125 Verifying results for prestressed steel cables (Sxx 10MPa)
Test ID: 6495

Test status: Passed
1.125.1 Description
A reinforced concrete (C25/30) frame with R20*30 cross sections for both columns and the beam is prestressed
diagonally with an S235, D5.05 cross section, cable. The reference parameters are the displacement of the upper left
corner of the frame (node 21, coord. 0 0 5) and stress Sxx on the cable (linear element no. 4, start end coord. 0 0 5).
The prestressed state of the cable is defined as an initial constraint Sxx of 10 MPa.
The reference values are compared with results obtained for an identical model on an independent software.
1.126 Imposed displacement, support settlement (d=30mm)
Test ID: 6496

Test status: Passed
1.126.1 Description
It is given a simple reinforced concrete frame: two beams and one beam. The right side support suffers a settlement
of 30mm = an imposed displacement of 30mm is defined. The values for the upper left node displacement, the
displaced support displacement and the bending moment in the beam are validated with an independent software.
1.127 Plane strain behavior - dam cross-section supporting earth/water pressure of 0.7 and 1 MPa
Test ID: 6519

Test status: Passed
1.127.1 Description
The model represents a retaining wall behavior under earth/water pressure load. The structure is reduced to a
representative cross-section modelled by a plane strain planar element type, made of C25/30 cocrete and fixed at the
base. The pressure (0.7 and 1 MPa) acting on the face of the wall is represented by two linear loads: 700 and 1000
kN/m.
The reference values (displacement of planar element report) are compared with results obtained for an identical
model on an independent software.
1.128 Spectral/Seismic analysis for rigid diaphragm (membrane) subjected to bidirectional seismic
action
Test ID: 6521

Test status: Passed
1.128.1 Description
The test verifies the modal masses and frequencies of the 3D system subjected to bidirectional horizontal seismic
action.
The vertical elements are two columns and two shell elements made of C25/30 concrete. The columns have square
section of 30x30 cm and the walls have 20 cm thickness with a 5 m height. The columns are fixed at the base while
the walls are pinned with linear supports. The slab above the vertical elements is modelled with a load area defined
as a rigid diaphragm made of C25/30 concrete with 20 cm thickness. A gravity load uniformly distributed is defined on
the rigid diaphragm, with a value of 9.81 kN/m2. The seismic action is defined according to EN 1998-1, having
imposed agr/g = 3 and A soil type, using Elastic 1 spectrum. Modal analysis takes into account the masses obtained
by combining static loads. Ten modes will be analyzed.
302
1.129 Modal analysis of a structure with ”membrane” type element
Test ID: 6535

Test status: Passed
1.129.1 Description
This test verifies results from the modal analysis for a simple 3D frame structure with horizontal rectangular in plan
planar element modeled with using membrane elements type. The model consists in a C25/30 concrete 3D structure
made of linear S beams and planar "membrane", with triangular mesh type. The punctual supports are considered to
be fixed. Modal analysis includes 10 modes to be verified. Mass definition is from the self-weight of the elements with
no masses eccentricity and 0% imposed damping. The results to be verified are the frequencies of the first 10 eigen
modes and the excited total masses on UX and UY directions.
1.130 Modal analysis of a structure with rigid diaphragm
Test ID: 6536

Test status: Passed
1.130.1 Description
This test verifies results from the modal analysis for a simple 3D frame structure with horizontal rectangular in plane
rigid diaphragm . The diaphragm is modelled by the Load area element. The model consists in a 3D structure made
of linear S beams and planar "rigid diaphragm", made from C25/30 concrete. Grid with triangles T3 mesh type.
The punctual supports are considered to be fixed. Modal analysis includes 10 modes to be verified. Mass definition is
from the self-weight of the elements with no masses eccentricity and 0% imposed damping. The results to be verified
are the frequencies of the first 10 eigen modes and the exited total masses on UX and UY directions.
1.131 Time history analysis on concrete membrane subjected to dynamic punctual load
Test ID: 6522

Test status: Passed
1.131.1 Description
The test verifies the maximum (and @ 10s) displacement of a planar membrane which is subject to a punctual
dynamic load of 300 kN on X direction pointed at the top corner of the planar element. The test also verifies the
maximum Fxy shear force on the element.
The membrane is fully fixed at the bottom with a linear support. On one side of the membrane there is a concrete
column made of C25/30 concrete with 20x30 cm section. The membrane is made of C25/30 concrete with a
thickness of 50 mm. The base is 3.0 m with a 6.0 m height. The size of the mesh is 250 mm. The dynamic temporal
load is defined as a harmonic solicitation with a pulsation on 10 rad/sec for 20 seconds.
303
1.132 Modal analysis of a structure with “bar” type elements
Test ID: 6534

Test status: Passed
1.132.1 Description
This test verifies results from the modal analysis for a simple tower-shaped structure made from bar linear elements.
All linear elements are steel pipes with the same cross-section (D100x5mm) and are defined by using ‘bar’ element
type (transferring only axial forces), made of S235 steel.
All four punctual supports are supposed to be pinned. Modal analysis includes 10 modes to be verified. Mass
definition is from the self-weight of the elements with no masses eccentricity and 0% imposed damping. The results
to be verified are the frequencies of the first 6 eigen modes and the exited total masses on UX and UY directions.
The results are validated with another independent software.
1.132.2 Background

■ 3D structure – linear elements only
■ Element type: Bar
■ Analysis type: Modal analysis
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ Base length L=4.0 m
■ Base width W=3.0 m
■ Two identical segments with the height 4.0m each
■ Total structure height = 8.0 m
Linear elements
■ Type: bar
304
■ Cross section:
 Circular hollow
 Diameter: 100.0 mm
 Thickness: 5.0 mm
Isotropic material:
3
■ Mass Density ρ = 7850 kg/m
■ Young's Modulus E = 210 GPa
■ Poisson's Ratio ν = 0.3
Boundary conditions
■ Punctual supports at 4 points: (0;0;0), (4,0,0), (4,3,0) and (0,3,0)
■ Type: Pinned
■ Coordinate system: Global
Loading
■ None
Modal analysis assumptions

■ Number of modes: 10
■ Masses definition: from the self-weight
■ Imposed damping: 0%
■ Masses eccentricity: Disabled

■ Number of bars: 32
■ Number of nodes: 12
■ All linear elements are ‘bars’ type
Verified results
Verified results are:
■ Frequencies for first 6 eigen modes
■ Excited total masses (on UX and UY directions)
305
Comparison
Results are compared with results coming from the identical model created and calculated by using another
independent FEM software with following assumptions to the Modal analysis:
■ Mass matrix type: Lumped without rotations
■ Active mass directions: X,Y,Z
■ Analysis method: Subspace iteration\
■ Dumping: Not active
306
Reference values:
1.132.2.3 Calculated results

Description Unit AD 2018R2 AD 2019 Difference Reference Difference
0.0%
Eigen mode 1 frequency Hz 18.89 18.89 18.88 0.05%
Eigen mode 2 frequency Hz 23.74 23.74 0.0% 23.74 0.0%
Hz 0.0%
Eigen mode 3 frequency 29.87 29.87 29.86 0.03%
Hz 0.0%
Hz 0.0%
Eigen mode 6 frequency Hz 70.50 70.50 0.0% 70.49 0.01%
Hz 0.0%
Hz 0.0%
Hz 0.0%
Hz 0.0%
0.0% 0.03%
Excited total masses - UX kg 1358.2 1358.2 1358.6
0.0% 0.03%
Excited total masses - UY kg 1358.2 1358.2 1358.6
Excited total masses - UZ kg 1358.2 1358.2 0.0% 1358.6 0.03%
307
1.133 Modal analysis of a structure with planar elastic supports (global coordinate system)
Test ID: 6540

Test status: Passed
1.133.1 Description
This test verifies the modal analysis results for a simple 3D structure with planar elastic supports.
Supports are defined in the global coordinate systems. The model consists in a 2D frame (one horizontal beam and
two vertical columns) resting on two square planar elements. The planar elements are defined as a shell while the
linear are S beams. The planar elements have 20 cm thickness while the linear have 20x30 cm section, made of
C25/30 concrete.
Planar elastic supports are defined under the full area of both planar elements (A and B), having elastic
characteristics. Supports are defined in the global coordinate systems. Ten modes will be analyzed having mass
definition from selfweight with no eccentricity, with 0% imposed damping. The mesh type is Delaunay Q4
quadrangles with 0.5 m dimension.
Frequencies for the first 10 modes and excited total masses will be analyzed and compared with result obtained by
modelling the same structure in another independent FEM software.
1.133.2 Background

■ 3D structure – bending rigid structure
■ Element types: Planar – Shell, Linear – S beams
Units
Metric System
Geometry
A 2D frame (one horizontal beam on two columns) is standing on two square planar elements.
■ Length of beam: 5.0m
■ Height of columns: 3.0 m
■ Width x Length of planar elements: 2.0 x 2.0 m
■ Thickness of planar elements: 20 cm
■ Section of linear elements: Rectangular – width 20cm, height 30 cm
308
The same material for linear and planar elements.
Isotropic material (Concrete C25/30):
■ Mass Density ρ = 2500 kg/m3
■ Young's Modulus E = 31475.806 MPa
Boundary conditions
Planar elastic supports are defined under full area of both planar elements (A and B).
Parameters for support on the planar element A (under column no. 1):
■ Stiffness:
 KTX 100.0 kN/m/m2
 KTY 10.0 kN/m/m2
 KTZ 10000.0 kN/m/m2
 KRX 0.0 kNm/deg/m 2
 KRY 0.0 kNm/deg/m 2
2
 KRZ 100.0 kNm/deg/m
Parameters for support on the planar element B (under column no. 2):
■ Stiffness:
 KTX 100.0 kN/m/m2
 KTY 10000.0 kN/m/m2
 KTZ 10.0 kN/m/m2
 KRX 0.0 kNm/deg/m 2
2
 KRY 0.0 kNm/deg/m
 KRZ 100.0 kNm/deg/m2
Loading
■ None

309

■ Number of linear elements (s beam): 3
■ Number of planar elements (shell): 2
■ Mesh definition is Global
■ Mesh type: Delaunay, only quadrangles
■ FE size: 0.5 m
Verified results
■ Excited total masses (on UX, UY and UZ directions)
Modes 1 and 2:
310
Modes 3 and 4:
Modes 5 and 6:
311
Modes 7 and 8:
Comparison
■ Analysis method: Subspace iteration

0.814 0.814 0.0% 0,872 6.7%
Eigen mode 1 frequency Hz
Eigen mode 2 frequency Hz 1.155 1.155 0.0% 1,150 0.4%
Hz 1.669 1.669 0.0% 1,669 0.0%
Eigen mode 3 frequency
Hz 1.907 1.907 0.0% 1,907 0.0%
Hz 3.579 3.579 0.0% 3,576 0.1%
Hz 8.956 8.956 0.0% 8,939 0.2%
Hz 15.991 15.991 0.0% 15,991 0,0%
Excited total masses - UX kg 5650.0 5650.0 0.0% 5650.0 0.0%
Excited total masses - UY kg 5650.0 5650.0 0.0% 5650.0 0.0%

5650.0 5650.0 0.0% 5650.0 0.0%
Excited total masses - UZ kg
312
1.134 Modal analysis of a structure with an elastic linear support (global coordinate system)
Test ID: 6541

Test status: Passed
1.134.1 Description
This test verifies results from the modal analysis for a simple 3D frame structure with an elastic linear support.
Supports are defined in the global coordinate systems.
The model contains a shell element made of S235 steel with a 2.0 cm thickness. Boundary conditions consist in two
linear supports: one is a linear elastic at the top of the shell element and the other is pinned at the bottom.
10 modes will be analyzed with mass definition from self-weight. No masses eccentricity. 0% imposed damping.
Mesh is defined as Delaunay only Q4 quadrangles. Frequencies for the first 10 modes and excited total masses will
be verified and compared with results obtained by modelling the same structure in another independent FEM
software.
1.134.2 Background

■ 3D structure – bending rigid structure,
■ Element type: Shell,
■ Analysis type: Modal analysis,
Units
Metric System
Geometry
A rectangular planar element defined on 4 points:
■ (A) 0,0,5; (B) 0,3,5; (C) 5,0,0; (D) 5,3,0;
■ Thickness: 2.00 cm
Isotropic material (Steel S235):
3
■ Mass Density ρ= 7850 kg/m ,
■ Young's Modulus E= 210 GPa,
■ Poisson's Ratio = 0.3,
313
Boundary conditions
Linear elastic support between points A and B:
■ Stiffness:
 KTX 100.0 kN/m/m
 KTY 0.0 kN/m/m
 KTZ 10000000.0 kN/m/m
 KRX 0.0 kNm/deg/m
 KRZ 10000000.0 kNm/deg/m
Linear rigid support between points C and D:

■ Type: Pin (free RX,RY,RZ; blocked TX,TY,TZ)
Loading
■ None

■ Number of modes: 10,
■ Masses definition: from the self-weight,
■ Imposed damping: 0%,
■ Masses eccentricity: Disabled,

■ Number nodes: 105,
■ Mesh definition is Global,
■ Mesh type: Delaunay, only quadrangles,
■ FE size: 0.5 m,
Verified results
■ Frequencies for first 10 eigen modes,
314
■ Excited total masses (on UX, UY and UZ directions),
4 first modes:
Comparison
independent FEM software with the following assumptions to the Modal analysis:
■ Mass matrix type: Lumped without rotations,
■ Active mass directions: X,Y,Z,
■ Analysis method: Subspace iteration,
■ Dumping: Not active,
315

1.495 1.495 0.0% 1,486 0.6%
Hz 3.431 3.431 0.0% 3,418 0.4%
Hz 4.916 4.916 0.0% 4,836 1.7%
Hz 7.751 7.751 0.0% 7,676 1.0%
Hz 10.455 10.455 0.0% 10,130 3.2%

Hz 17.186 17.186 0.0% 17,030 2.2%
Hz 18.305 18.305 0.0% 17,359 0.9%
Hz 21.369 21.369 0.0% 20,519 5.4%
3211,5 3211,5 0.0% 3211,5 0.0%
Excited total masses - UX kg
3211,5 3211,5 0.0% 3211,5 0.0%
Excited total masses - UY kg
Excited total masses - UZ kg 3211,5 3211,5 0.0% 3211,5 0.0%
316
1.135 Generalized buckling analysis on bending rigid structure made of short beam elements
Test ID: 6545

Test status: Passed
1.135.1 Description
The test verifies the results from the generalized buckling analysis (10 modes) for a bending rigid structure made of
bar elements. The structure is subject to gravitational point force at midspan. The linear elements are bar type made
of IPE200 profile, S235 steel. The truss has one fix point and one with Tx released. Magnification factors from
generalized buckling analysis (10 modes) will be verified.
1.135.2 Background
Checking the critical magnification factors from a generalized buckling analysis on a model made of short beam
elements.

■ Reference: None
■ Analysis type: Generalized buckling / Bending rigid structure / 3D
■ Element type: Linear (S Beam)
■ Load cases: Live Loads: FZ = -1000 kN
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ IPE200 (European Profiles)
Material S235 is used.
Boundary conditions
■ Punctual Support n°1: Pin
■ Punctual Support n°2: TY, TZ and RX restrained
317
Loading
The structure is subjected to the following actions:
■ 1 punctual load: FZ = -1000 kN
■ 1 Generalized buckling analysis (10 modes)
1.135.2.2 Modeling

■ 7 Linear elements (S Beams)
■ 2 Rigid point supports
■ 22 nodes (mesh size = 1m)
■ 1 Point load
1.135.2.3 Results
Description AD 2019 AD 2018R2 Difference
Magnification factor (Mode 1) 0,060 0,060 0%
318
1.136 Generalized buckling analysis on bending rigid structure made of variable section beams
Test ID: 6546

Test status: Passed
1.136.1 Description
variable section elements. The structure is subject to gravitational point force at midspan.
The linear elements are made of variable beam (IPE100 to IPE400 cross section), S235 steel. The model has one
pin point and one with Ty, Tz and Rx restrained. Magnification factors from generalized buckling analysis (10 modes)
will be verified.
1.136.2 Background
Checking the critical magnification factors from a generalized buckling analysis on a model made of variable cross
section beam elements.

■ Reference: None,
■ Analysis type: Generalized buckling/ Bending rigid structure/ 3D,
■ Element type: Linear (Variable cross section Beam),
■ Load cases: Live Loads: FZ = -1000 kN,
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ Variable cross section beams (IPE 100 to IPE 400) (European Profiles)
319
Boundary conditions
■ Punctual Support n°1: Pin,
■ Punctual Support n°2: TY, TZ and RX restrained,
Loading
The column is subjected to the following load combinations and actions:
■ 1 punctual load: FZ= -1000 kN,
■ 1 Generalized buckling analysis (10 modes),
1.136.2.2 Modeling

■ 7 Linear elements (Variable cross section Beams)
■ 2 Point supports
■ 22 nodes (mesh size = 1.00m)
■ 1 Point load
1.136.2.3 Results
320
1.137 Modal analysis of a structure with an elastic linear support (local coordinate system)
Test ID: 6539

Test status: Passed
1.137.1 Description
This test verifies results from the modal analysis for a simple 3D frame structure with an elastic linear support.
Supports are defined in the local coordinate systems. The model contains a shell element made of S235 steel with a
2.0 cm thickness. Boundary conditions consist in two linear supports: one is a linear elastic at the top of the shell
element and the other is pinned at the bottom. 10 modes will be analyzed with mass definition from self-weight. No
masses eccentricity. 0% imposed damping.
Mesh is defined as Delaunay only Q4 quadrangles. Frequencies for the first 10 modes and excited total masses will
be verified and compared with results obtained by modelling the same structure in another independent FEM
software.
1.137.2 Background

■ Element type: Shell
Units
Metric System
Geometry
A rectangular planar element defined on 4 points:
■ (A) 0,0,5; (B) 0,3,5: (C) 5,0,0; (C) 5,3,0
■ Thickness: 2.0 cm
Isotropic material (Steel S235):
3
■ Mass Density ρ = 7850 kg/m
321
Boundary conditions
Linear elastic support between points A and B:
■ Coordinate system: Local (Plate 1)
■ Stiffness:
 KTX 10000000.0 kN/m/m
 KTY 0.0 kN/m/m
 KTZ 100.0 kN/m/m
 KRX 0.0 kNm/deg/m
 KRZ 0.0 kNm/deg/m
Linear rigid support between points C and D:
■ Coordinate system: Local
■ Type: Pin (free RX,RY,RZ, blocked TX,TY,TZ)
Loading
■ None


■ Number nodes: 105
■ Mesh definition is Global
■ Mesh type: Delaunay, only quadrangles
■ FE size: 0.5 m
Verified results
■ Excited total masses (on UX, UY and UZ directions)
322
4 first modes:
Comparison
Results are compared with results coming from the identical model created and calculated by using an independent
commercial FEM software with following assumptions to the Modal analysis:
■ Analysis method: Subspace iteration
323

1.304 1.304 0.0% 1,298 0.5%
Hz 2.370 2.370 0.0% 2,372 0.1%
Hz 3.231 3.231 0.0% 3,231 0.0%
Hz 5.364 5.364 0.0% 5,379 0.3%
Hz 6.511 6.511 0.0% 6,466 0.7%

Hz 12.336 12.336 0.0% 12,054 2.3%
Hz 14.767 14.767 0.0% 14,719 0.3%
Hz 15.755 15.755 0.0% 15,524 1.5%
3211,5 3211,5 0.0% 3196,04 0.5%
3211,5 3211,5 0.0% 3196,04 0.5%
Excited total masses - UZ kg 3211,5 3211,5 0.0% 3196,04 0.5%
324
1.138 Modal analysis of a structure with elastic releases on linear elements
Test ID: 6543

Test status: Passed
1.138.1 Description
This test verifies the modal analysis results for a 2D structure with IPE100 cross section linear elements made from
S235 steel.
The model consists of a 2D structure made of linear elements with bending stiffness on plane (XZ). Both columns are
fixed at the base. Elastic releases are defined on both ends of the linear elements with ID 5, 6 and 7.
Ten modes will be analyzed with mass definition from self-weight. The masses have no eccentricity. Frequencies for
the first 10 modes and excited total masses will be verified and compared with results obtained by modelling the
same structure in another independent FEM software.
1.138.2 Background

■ 2D structure - bending rigid structure on plane(XZ),
■ Linear element types: Beam,
■ Analysis type: Modal analysis,
Units
Metric System
Geometry
2D structure on XZ plane - dimensions as on the picture above.
Linear elements
■ Type: Beams,
■ Section: IPE100,
Isotropic material: Steel S235:
325
■ Mass Density: ρ= 7850 kg/m3,

■ Young's Modulus: E= 210 GPa,
■ Poisson's Ratio: = 0.3,
Boundary conditions
■ Punctual supports at the bottom of both columns,
■ Type: Fixed (blocked are all 3 available directions: TX, TZ, RY),
■ Coordinate system: Global,
Releases
Defined elastic releases:
■ Ry (X= 0.00 m, Y= 10 kNm/deg) on both ends of linear elements with number 5,6,7;
■ Tz (X=0.00 m, Y=10 kN/m) on the top (End1) of the linear element number 9;
Loading
■ None

■ Number of modes: 10,
■ Masses definition: from the self-weight,
■ Imposed damping: 0%,
■ Masses eccentricity: Disabled.

■ Number of bars: 11 (type: beam),
■ Number of nodes: 8,
■ Mesh on all linear elements is set as Automatic with the Number set to 10.
326
Verified results
■ Frequencies for first 10 eigen modes,
■ Excited total masses (on UX and UY directions),
Modes 1 and 2:
Modes 3 and 4:
327
Modes 5 and 6:
Comparison
■ Mass matrix type: Lumped without rotations,
■ Active mass directions: X, Y, Z,
■ Analysis method: Subspace iteration,
■ Dumping: Not active,
■ To have identical model (when each linear element is meshed by dividing into 10 parts), all elements have
generated 9 additional nodes at equal intervals.

5.800 5.800 0.0% 5,808 0.1%
Hz 21.567 21.567 0.0% 21,516 0.2%
Hz 25.343 25.343 0.0% 25,295 0.2%
Hz 39.593 39.593 0.0% 39,289 0.8%
Hz 43.064 43.064 0.0% 41,649 3.4%
Hz 47.116 47.116 0.0% 45,881 2.7%
Hz 59.717 59.717 0.0% 59,605 0.2%
Hz 61.172 61.172 0.0% 61,131 0.1%
Hz 66.011 66.011 0.0% 65,989 0.03%
0.0% 277.9 0.04%
Excited total masses - UX kg 277.8 277.8
Excited total masses - UZ kg 277.8 277.8 0.0% 277.9 0.04%
328
1.139 Generalized buckling analysis on membrane element
Test ID: 6547

Test status: Passed
1.139.1 Description
one vertical membrane element. The element is subject to gravitational linear uniform distributed load at the upper
edge.
The planar element is made of C25/30 concrete with 5 cm thickness. The membrane is fixed at the bottom edge with
a linear support. Delaunay triangles and quadrangles T3-Q4 mesh type is used with 0.5 m element size.
Magnification factors from generalized buckling analysis (10 modes) will be verified.
1.139.2 Background
Checking the critical magnification factors from a generalized buckling analysis on a model made of a vertical
membrane element.

■ Reference: None
■ Analysis type: Generalized buckling / Bending rigid structure / plane
■ Element type: Planar (Membrane)
■ Load cases: Live Loads: FZ = -100 kN/m
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ Thickness: 5cm
Material C25/30 is used.
329
Boundary conditions
■ Linear Support: Fixed
Loading
The membrane is subjected to the following load combinations and actions:
■ 1 linear load: FZ = -1000 kN
1.139.2.2 Modeling

■ 1 Planar element (Membrane)
■ 1 Rigid linear support
■ 45 nodes (mesh size = 0.5 m)
■ 1 Linear load
1.139.2.3 Results
330
1.140 Generalized buckling analysis on windwall defined as rigid diaphragm element
Test ID: 6548

Test status: Passed
1.140.1 Description
one vertical windwall defined as rigid diaphragm element. The element is subject to gravitational linear uniform
distributed load at the upper edge.
The planar element is made of C25/30 concrete with 5 cm thickness. The windwall is fixed at the bottom edge with a
linear support. Delaunay triangles and quadrangles T3-Q4 mesh type is used with 0.5 m element size. Magnification
factors from generalized buckling analysis (4 modes) will be verified.
1.140.2 Background
Checking the critical magnification factors from a generalized buckling analysis on a model made of a windwall
defined as rigid diaphragm element.

■ Reference: None
■ Analysis type: Generalized buckling / Bending rigid structure / plane
■ Element type: Windwall with ‘Rigid diaphragm’ property enabled
■ Load cases: Live Loads: FZ = -100 kN/m
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ Thickness: 5cm
331
Boundary conditions
■ Linear Support: Fixed
Loading
The membrane is subjected to the following load combinations and actions:
■ 1 linear load: FZ = -100 kN
1.140.2.2 Modeling

■ 1 Windwall defined as rigid diaphragm
■ 1 Rigid linear support
■ 11 nodes (mesh size = 0.5m)
■ 1 Linear load
1.140.2.3 Results
332
1.141 Generalized buckling analysis on column with elastic support in global coordinate system
Test ID: 6549

Test status: Passed
1.141.1 Description
one vertical concrete column subject to compressive axial force, defined as beam, in global coordinate system.
The column has 20x50 cm cross section, made of C25/30 concrete with a 10 m height. The column has an elastic
point support with stiffness at the base. The column is subject to 1000kN gravitational point load. Magnification
factors from generalized buckling analysis (10 modes) and buckling lengths will be verified.
1.141.2 Background
Checking the critical magnification factors from a generalized buckling analysis on a model with elastic punctual
supports in global coordinate system. The model consists of a concrete column subject to compressive axial force.

■ Reference: None
■ Analysis type: Generalized buckling / Bending rigid structure / 3D
■ Element type: Linear (Beams)
Units
Metric System
333
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ R20*50
Boundary conditions
■ Elastic point support: KTZ=1000 kN/m, KTX= KTY=1kN/m and KRX= KTRY=KRZ=1 kNm/°
Loading
The model is subjected to the following actions:
1.141.2.2 Modeling

■ 1 Linear element (Beams)
■ 1 Elastic point support
■ 11 nodes (mesh size = 1m)
■ 1 Point load
1.141.2.3 Results
334
1.142 Modal analysis of a structure with elastic punctual supports (local coordinate system)
Test ID: 6537

Test status: Passed
1.142.1 Description
This test verifies results from the modal analysis for a simple 3D frame structure with elastic punctual supports.
Supports are defined in the local coordinate systems (compatible with connected linear elements). Linear elements
are S beam type 20x30 cm cross section made of C25/30 concrete. Punctual elastic supports are defined on points A
and B. Seismic damping is set to 0.0% for all directions for both supports. 10 modes will be analyzed with mass
definition from self-weight of the elements with 0% imposed damping and no mass eccentricity. Frequencies and
excited total masses will be analyzed and compared with reference results obtained by modelling the same structure
in another independent software.
1.142.2 Background

■ Element types: S beam
Units
Metric System
Geometry
2D frame (XZ plane) defined on 3D model.
■ Beam coordinates: (A) 0,0,5; (B) 5,0,3
■ Column coordinates: (B) 5,0,3; (C) 5,0,0
Linear elements
■ Type: S beam
■ section:
 Rectangular
 Height: 30.0 cm
335
 Width: 20.0 cm
Isotropic material (Concrete C25/30):
■ Young's Modulus E = 31475.806 MPa
Boundary conditions
Punctual elastic supports defined on points A and B.
Seismic damping is set to 0.0% for all directions for both supports.
Point A:
■ Coordinate system: Local (Linear element #1)
■ Stiffness:
 KTX 100.0 kN/m
 KTY 1000000.0 kN/m
 KTZ 0.0 kN/m
 KRX 0.0 kNm/deg
 KRY 0.0 kNm/deg
 KRZ 1000000.0 kNm/deg
Point B:
■ Coordinate system: Local (Linear element #2)
■ Stiffness:
 KTX 1000000.0 kN/m
 KTY 100.0 kN/m
 KTZ 1000000.0 kN/m
 KRX 0.0 kNm/deg
 KRY 100.0 kNm/deg
 KRZ 0.0 kNm/deg
336
Loading
■ None


■ Number of bars: 2 (s beams)
■ Mesh definition for linear elements set as Automatic with Size = 0.5 m
Verified results
337
6 first modes:
338
Comparison
■ To have identical model (when each linear element is meshed with 0.5 m), all elements have generated
additional node at equal intervals.

2.077 2.077 0.0% 2,077 0.0%
Hz 4.484 4.484 0.0% 4,485 0.02%
Hz 8.227 8.227 0.0% 8,254 0.3%
Hz 20.710 20.710 0.0% 20,809 0.5%
Hz 30.326 30.326 0.0% 30,553 0.7%
Hz 54.720 54.720 0.0% 55,240 0.9%
Hz 69.946 69.946 0.0% 71,020 1.5%
Hz 93.445 93.445 0.0% 95,823 2.5%
1257.77 1257.77 0.0% 1257.77 0.0%
1257.77 1257.77 0.0% 1257.77 0.0%
1257.77 1257.77 0.0% 1257.77 0.0%
339
1.143 Modal analysis of a structure with releases on beam elements
Test ID: 6542

Test status: Passed
1.143.1 Description
This test verifies results from the modal analysis for a 2D structure with beam linear elements. On ends of selected
linear elements total releases are defined. The model consists of a 2D structure – bending rigid structure on plane
(XZ) made of beam linear elements. IPE100 cross section S235 steel. The two columns are fixed at the bottom.
Linear elements with number 5,6,7 have Ry released and linear element number 9 has Tz released at the top (End1).
10 modes will be analyzed with mass definition from self-weight. No masses eccentricity. 0% imposed damping.
Frequencies for the first 10 modes and excited total masses will be verified and compared with results obtained by
modelling the same structure in another independent FEM software.
1.143.2 Background

■ 2D structure - bending rigid structure on plane (XZ)
■ Linear element types: Beam
Units
Metric System
Geometry
2D structure on XZ plane - dimensions as on the picture above.
Linear elements
■ Type: Beams
■ Section: IPE100
Isotropic material: Steel S235:
340

Boundary conditions
■ Punctual supports at the bottom of both columns
■ Type: Fixed (blocked are all 3 available directions: TX, TZ, RY)
Releases
Defined total releases:
■ Ry on both ends of linear elements with number 5,6,7
■ Tz on the top (End1) of the linear element number 9
Loading
■ None


■ Number of bars: 11 (type: beam)
■ Mesh on all linear elements is set as Automatic with the Number set to 10.
341
Verified results
Modes 1 and 2:
Modes 3 and 4:
342
Modes 5 and 6:
Comparison
■ Active mass directions: X, Y,Z
■ To have identical model (when each linear element is meshed by dividing into 10 parts), all elements have
generated 9 additional nodes at equal intervals.

5.654 5.654 0.0% 5,662 0.1%
Hz 18.029 18.029 0.0% 18,000 0.2%
Hz 25.129 25.129 0.0% 25,063 0.3%
Hz 35.029 35.029 0.0% 34,999 0.1%
Hz 37.624 37.624 0.0% 37,621 0.0%
Hz 41.559 41.559 0.0% 40,101 3.6%
Excited total masses - UX kg 277.8 277.8 0.0% 277.9 0.0%

277.8 277.8 0.0% 277.9 0.0%
343
1.144 Generalized buckling analysis on 2D truss structure made of bar elements.
Test ID: 6544

Test status: Passed
1.144.1 Description
The test verifies the results from the generalized buckling analysis (4 modes) for a 2D truss structure made of bar
elements. The structure is subject to gravitational point force at midspan. The linear elements are bar type made of
CE505 (Otua) profile, S235 steel. The truss has one pin point and one with Ty, Tz and Rx restrained. Magnification
factors from generalized buckling analysis will be verified.
1.144.2 Background
Checking the critical magnification factors from a generalized buckling analysis on a model made of bar elements.

■ Reference: None
■ Analysis type: Generalized buckling / Truss structure / 2D
■ Element type: Linear (Bar)
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ CE505 (Otua)
Boundary conditions
■ Punctual Support n°1: Fixed
■ Punctual Support n°2: Tx released
344
Loading
The column is subjected to the following load combinations and actions:
1.144.2.2 Modeling

■ 7 Linear elements (Bars)
■ 2 Rigid point supports
■ 5 nodes
■ 1 Point load
1.144.2.3 Results
345
1.145 Generalized buckling analysis on shell with planar elastic support in global coordinate
system
Test ID: 6553

Test status: Passed
1.145.1 Description
one vertical planar element defined as shell subject to compressive linear load, supported on a horizontal shell
element.
The shell elements are made of C25/30 concrete with 20 cm thickness. The horizontal shell has an elastic planar
support with stiffness, defined in global coordinate system. The vertical shell is subject to 200kN/m gravitational linear
load. Magnification factors from generalized buckling analysis (10 modes) will be verified.
1.145.2 Background
Checking the critical magnification factors from a generalized buckling analysis on a model with elastic planar
supports in global coordinate system. The model contains a vertical shell element supported on a horizontal shell
element.

■ Element type: Planar (Shell),
■ Load cases: Live Loads: FZ = -200 kN/m,
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ Thickness: 20cm
346
Boundary conditions
2 2 2
■ Elastic linear support: KTz=225 kN/m/m and KTx= KTz= 1 kN/m/m KRx= KRy=KRz=1 kNm/°/m
(global coordinate system – Planar element n°1)
Loading
■ 1 linear load: FZ= -200 kN/m,
1.145.2.2 Modeling

■ 2 Planar element (Shell),
■ 1 Elastic planar support,
■ 95 nodes (mesh size = 1.00m),
■ 1 Linear load,
1.145.2.3 Results
347
1.146 Generalized buckling analysis on shell with linear elastic support in global coordinate
system
Test ID: 6551

Test status: Passed
1.146.1 Description
one vertical planar element defined as shell subject to compressive linear load. The shell element is made of C25/30
concrete with 20 cm thickness.
The shell has an elastic linear support with stiffness at the base, in global coordinate system. The shell is subject to
200kN/m gravitational linear load. Magnification factors from generalized buckling analysis (10 modes) will be
verified.
1.146.2 Background
Checking the critical magnification factors from a generalized buckling analysis on a model with elastic linear
supports in global coordinate system. The model contains a planar vertical shell element subject to gravitational linear
load.

■ Analysis type: Generalized buckling (10 modes)/ Bending rigid structure/ 3D,
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ Thickness: 20cm,
348
Boundary conditions
■ Elastic linear support n°1: KTx=200 kN/m, KTy= KTz=1 kN/m and KRx= KRy=KRz=1 kNm/°
Loading
■ 1 linear load: FZ = -200 kN/m,
1.146.2.2 Modeling

■ 1 Elastic linear support,
■ 66 nodes (mesh size= 1.00m),
■ 1 Linear load,
1.146.2.3 Results
349
1.147 Dynamic analysis - Verifies displacements on beam with point mass subject to seismic load
Test ID: 6556

Test status: Passed
1.147.1 Description
The test verifies displacements of a node on a beam with point mass subject to seismic action. The model consists of
two linear elements, one column and one beam made of HEA200 S275 steel. A point mass of Mz=3000kg is
positioned at the middle of the beam.
The column is fixed at the base and the beam has restrained Tx, Ty, Tz and Rz at the right end. Dx, Dy and Dz
displacements from seismic cases Ex and Ey of node 9 will be analyzed.
1.147.2 Background
Verifies displacements on the central node of a beam on the node on which acts a point mass load under seismic
load case EX and EY.

■ Reference: None
■ Analysis type: seismic analysis/ bending rigid structure / 3D
■ Load cases: Dead load, Seism EN 1998-1 EX,EY,EZ.
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ HEA200 (European profile)
■ Section area: A = 5383 mm2
350
Material S275 is used. The following characteristics are used in relation to this material:
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Puntual support n.1: Fixed
► Puntual support n.2: Restrained TX, TY, TZ and RX
■ Inner: None.
Loading
The rafter is subjected to the following loads:
■ Dead load D (self-weight);
■ Seismic loads EN 1998-1 EX, EY, EZ,
■ Masses definition: point mass and self-weight of elements.
■ Point mass: MZ=3000 kg
1.147.2.2 Finite element modeling

■ 2 Linear elements: S beam
■ 6 nodes, 1 node for mass load

Description Symbol Unit AD 2019 AD 2018R2 Difference
Displacement X in node 9 (EX) DX mm 0.001 0.001 0.0%
Displacement Y in node 9 (EX) DY mm 0.000 0.000 0.0%
Displacement Y in node 9 (EX) DZ mm 0.088 0.088 0.0%
Displacement X in node 9 (EY) DX mm 0.000 0.000 0.0%
Displacement Y in node 9 (EY) DY mm 19.563 19.563 0.0%
Displacement Z in node 9 (EY) DZ mm 0.000 0.000 0.0%

DX Dx (EX) 0.00101995 mm 1.9950 %
DY Dy (EX) 4.49112e-09 mm 0.0000 %
DZ Dz (EX) 0.0884058 mm 0.4611 %
DX Dx (EY) 0 mm 0.0000 %
DY Dy (EY) 19.563 mm 0.0000 %
DZ Dz (EY) 8.53289e-11 mm 0.0000 %
351
1.148 Dynamic analysis - Verifies modal mass participation percentages on a model with point
mass subject to seismic load
Test ID: 6557

Test status: Passed
1.148.1 Description
The test verifies modal mass participation percentages on a model with point mass subject to seismic action. The
model consists of two linear elements, one column and one beam made of HEA200 S275 steel. A point mass of
Mz=300kg is positioned at the middle of the beam.
The column is fixed at the base and the beam has restrained Tx, Ty, Tz and Rz at theright end. Modal mass
participation percentages for the first 6 modes will be analyzed.
1.148.2 Background
Verifies the percentage of modal mass on Y direction on a beam subjected a point mass in the middle for EY load
case.

■ Analysis type: modal analysis/ bending rigid structure / 3D
■ Mass: MZ = 300 kg
■ Load cases: Dead load D, Seism EN 1998-1 EX, EY, EZ.
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ HEA200 (European profile)
352
Material 275 is used. The following characteristics are used in relation to this / these material(s):
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Punctual support n.1: Fixed
► Punctual support n.2: Restrained at TX, TY, TZ and RX
■ Inner: None.
Loading
The rafter is subjected to the following loads:
■ Dead load D (self-weight),
■ Punctual mass MZ = 3000 kg,
■ Seismic loads EN 1998-1 EX, EY, EZ,
■ Masses definition: Point masses and self-weight of elements,
■ 6 modes.
1.148.2.2 Modeling

■ 2 Linear elements: S beam,
■ 6 nodes, 1 node for mass load
■ 2 rigid punctual supports.

Modal mass mode nr. 1 Y (%) 74.780 74.780 0.0%
Modal mass mode nr. 2 Y (%) 0 0 0.0%
Modal mass mode nr. 5 Y (%) 0 0 0.0%
353
1.149 Generalized buckling analysis on shell with linear elastic support in local coordinate system
Test ID: 6552

Test status: Passed
1.149.1 Description
one vertical planar element defined as shell subject to compressive linear load. The shell element is made of C25/30
concrete with 20 cm thickness. The shell has an elastic linear support with stiffness at the base, in local coordinate
system.
The shell is subject to 200kN/m gravitational linear load. Magnification factors from generalized buckling analysis (10
modes) will be verified.
1.149.2 Background
Checking the critical magnification factors from a generalized buckling analysis on a model with elastic linear
supports in local coordinate system. The model contains a vertical shell element subject to compressive linear load.

■ Analysis type: Generalized buckling (10 modes)/ Bending rigid structure/ 3D,
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ Thickness: 20cm,
354
Boundary conditions
■ Elastic linear support: KTy=200 kN/m, KTx= KTz=1 kN/m and KRx= KRy=KRz=1 kNm/°
(local coordinate system – Planar element n°1)
Loading
■ 1 linear load: FZ = -200 kN/m,
1.149.2.2 Modeling

■ 1 Elastic linear support,
■ 1 Linear load,
1.149.2.3 Results
355
1.150 Generalized buckling analysis on beams with elastic releases
Test ID: 6555

Test status: Passed
1.150.1 Description
one vertical concrete column subject to compressive axial force, defined as two beams with elastic releases.
The column has 20x50 cm cross section, made of C25/30 concrete with a 10 m height, composed of two beams with
5m height each. The column has a fix point support at the base. The column is subject to 1000kN gravitational point
load.Magnification factors from generalized buckling analysis (10 modes) and buckling lengths will be verified.
1.150.2 Background
Checking the critical magnification factors from a generalized buckling analysis on a model made of Beam elements
with elastic releases.

■ Element type: Linear (Beams),
356
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ R20*50
Boundary conditions
■ Point support: Fixed,
■ Linear element n°3: Elastic release at extremity n°2:
Loading
■ 1 punctual load: FZ = -1000 kN,
1.150.2.2 Modeling

■ 1 Linear element (Beams),
■ 1 Fixed point support,
■ 11 nodes (mesh size= 1.00m),
■ 1 Point load,
357
1.150.2.3 Results
358
1.151 Dynamic analysis – Verifies the displacements of a sloped frame rafter subject to horizontal
seismic action
Test ID: 6559

Test status: Passed
1.151.1 Description
The test verifies the displacement of a sloped frame rafter with pinned extremities subject to horizontal seismic action.
The sloped beam is subject to uniform distributed gravitational load (10kN/m).
The columns have HEA200 section while the beam has IPE200 cross section, made of S275 steel. The columns are
fixed at the base. The beam has Ry and Rz released at both ends. Displacements from seismic action will be
analyzed.
1.151.2 Background
Verifies the displacements on a sloped portal frame rafter (node n.11) with pinned extremities under horizontal seism
action (EX and EY).

■ Reference: None
■ Analysis type: Seismic analysis / bending rigid structure / 3D
■ Element type: linear (beams)
■ Load cases: Dead load D, Live load L, Seism EN 1998-1 EX, EY,EZ
:
359
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Rafter section IPE 200:
■ Depth: h = 200 mm
■ Width: b = 100 mm
Column sections HEA 200:

2
Section area: A = 5383 mm
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Column fixed at base (Z=0)
► First column fixed at top (Z=5), second column fixed at top (Z=6)
► Rafter released on both extremities on Ry and Rz.
■ Inner: None.
Loading
The rafter is subjected to the following load combinations and actions:
■ Dead load 1-D self-weight,
■ Live linear load 2 L = 10 kN/m,
■ Seism EN 1998-1 EX, EY, EZ,
■ Masses definition: obtained by combining static load cases
1.151.2.2 Modeling

■ Linear element: S beam,
■ 6 nodes for first column, 6 nodes for rafter, 7 nodes for the second column

AD
Description Symbol Unit AD 2019 Difference
2018R2
Displacement X node n.11 (EX) DX mm 57.729 57.729 0.0%
Displacement Y node n.11 (EX) DY mm 0.000 0.000 0.0%
Displacement Z node n.11 (EX) DZ mm 0.002 0.002 0.0%
Displacement X node n.11 (EY) DX mm 0.000 0.000 0.0%
Displacement Y node n.11 (EY) DY mm 54.079 54.079 0.0%
Displacement Z node n.11 (EY) DZ mm 0.000 0.000 0.0%
360
1.152 Dynamic analysis – Verifies the envelope of node displacement on linear element with elastic
releases subject to Dynamic Temporal Load
Test ID: 6560

Test status: Passed
1.152.1 Description
The test verifies the envelope of node displacement of nodes situated on linear elements. The beam is subject to
dynamic temporal load. The model consists of IPE120 and IPE200 beams made of S275 steel. The main beams are
pinned at one end and have Tx, Ty, Tz and Rx restrained at the other end.
The secondary beams have Ry elastic releases at both ends. The secondary beams are subject to dynamic temporal
loads at the center of the beam having Fz = -5.00 kN, Fz = -3.00 kN, Fz = -2.00 kN. Envelope of node displacements
from the dynamic temporal load case will be analyzed.
1.152.2 Background
Verifies the envelope of the displacement on Z direction of linear element n.5 (on nodes 8, 12, 17, 22, 27, 35) with
elastic releases on the ends on Ry.

■ Reference: None
■ Analysis type: Time-history analysis / bending rigid structure/ 3D
■ Element type: Linear (beams)
■ Load cases: Dead load D, Dynamic temporal load DT
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Main beams section HEA 220:
2
■ Section area: A = 6434 mm
Secondary beams section IPE 120
361
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below for main beams:
■ Outer:
► Fixed on both the extremities;
► Pinned at extremity 1, Restrained at TX, TY, TZ and RX at extremity 2.
■ Inner: None.
The boundary conditions are described below for secondary beams:

■ Outer:
► Elastic releases Ry on Extremity 1 and Extremity 2;
Loading
The purlin is subjected to the following load combinations and actions:
■ Dead load D
■ Dynamic load DT Fz = -5.00 kN, Fz = -3.00 kN, Fz = -2.00 kN from the center to the edge
1.152.2.2 Modeling

■ Linear element: beams
■ 2 Main beams (11 nodes), 5 secondary beams: (6 nodes)
AD
2018R2
Envelope of node DZ node n.8 DZ mm 1.715 1.715 0.0%
362
1.153 Dynamic analysis – Verifies the displacements of a sloped frame rafter with elastic releases
subject to horizontal seismic action
Test ID: 6562

Test status: Passed
1.153.1 Description
The test verifies the displacement of a sloped frame rafter with elastic releases subject to horizontal seismic action.
The sloped beam is subject to uniform distributed gravitational load (10kN/m).
The columns have HEA200 section while the beam has IPE200 cross section, made of S275 steel. The columns are
fixed at the base. The beam has Ry elastic released at both ends. Displacements from seismic action will be
analyzed.
1.153.2 Background
Verifies the displacements on a sloped portal frame rafter (node n.11) with elastic releases at both ends subject to
horizontal seism action.

■ Reference: None
■ Analysis type: Seismic analysis / bending rigid structure / 3D
■ Element type: Linear
■ Load cases: Dead load D, Live load L, Seism EN 1998-1 EX, EY,EZ
:
Units
Metric System
363
Geometry
Rafter section IPE 200:
2
Column sections HEA 200:

Section area: A = 5383 mm2
Boundary conditions
■ Outer:
► Column fixed at base (Z=0),
► First column fixed at top (Z=5), second column fixed at top (Z=6),
► Rafter with elastic releases at both extremities on Ry.
■ Inner: None.
Loading
The rafter is subjected to the following load combinations and actions:
■ Dead load 1-D self-weight,
■ Live linear load 2-L = 10 kN/m,
■ Seism EN 1998-1 EX, EY, EZ,
■ Masses definition: obtained by combining static load cases.
1.153.2.2 Modeling

■ Linear element: S beam,
■ 6 nodes for first column, 6 nodes for rafter, 7 nodes for the second column

AD
2018R2
Displacement node n.11 for EX DX mm 38.223 38.223 0.0%
Displacement node n.11 for EX DY mm 0.000 0.000 0.0%
Displacement node n.11 for EX DZ mm 0.046 0.046 0.0%
Displacement node n.11 for EY DX mm 0.000 0.000 0.0%
Displacement node n.11 for EY DY mm 54.559 54.559 0.0%
Displacement node n.11 for EY DZ mm 0.000 0.000 0.0%
364
1.154 Generalized buckling analysis on column with elastic support, in local coordinate system
Test ID: 6550

Test status: Passed
1.154.1 Description
one vertical concrete column subject to compressive axial force, defined as beam, in local coordinate system.
The column has 20x50 cm cross section, made of C25/30 concrete with a 10 m height. The column has an elastic
point support with stiffness at the base. The column is subject to 1000kN gravitational point load. Magnification
factors from generalized buckling analysis (10 modes) and buckling lengths will be verified.
1.154.2 Background
Checking the critical magnification factors from a generalized buckling analysis on a model with elastic punctual
supports in local coordinate system. The model consists of a concrete column subject to compressive axial force.

■ Analysis type: Generalized buckling / Bending rigid structure / 3D,
Units
Metric System
365
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ R20*50
Boundary conditions
■ Elastic point support n°1: KTZ=1000 kN/m, KTX= KTY=1kN/m and KRX= KTRY=KRZ=1 kNm/°
(local coordinate system – Linear element n°3)
Loading
■ 1 punctual load: FZ= -1000 Kn,
1.154.2.2 Modeling

■ 1 Linear element (Beams),
■ 1 Elastic point support,
■ 11 nodes (mesh size = 1m),
■ 1 Point load.
1.154.2.3 Results
366
1.155 Generalized buckling analysis on model with beam elements with specific releases
Test ID: 6554

Test status: Passed
1.155.1 Description
beam elements with specific releases subject to point load. Cross section of the beams is IPE200 made of S235
steel. The model contains one pinned support and one with Ty, Tz and Rx restrained.
Linear elements 3, 4, 5 are hinged (Ry restrained) on both edges, and linear elements 1 and 7 are hinged (Ry
restrained) on one edge. Magnification factors from generalized buckling analysis (10 modes) will be verified.
1.155.2 Background
Checking the critical magnification factors from a generalized buckling analysis on a model made of beam elements
with specific releases.

■ Load cases: Live Loads: FZ= -1000 Kn,
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ IPE200 (European Profiles)
Boundary conditions
■ Punctual Support n°1: Pin,
367
■ Punctual Support n°2: TY, TZ and RX restrained,

■ Linear elements n°3,4,5 are hinged (Ry) on both edges,
■ Linear elements n°1 and 7 are hinged (Ry) on one edge,
Loading
■ 1 punctual load: FZ= -1000 Kn,
1.155.2.2 Modeling

■ 7 Linear elements (S Beams),
■ 2 Rigid point supports,
■ 1 Point load,
1.155.2.3 Results
AD
Description AD 2019 Difference
2018R2
368
1.156 Dynamic analysis – Verifies the envelope of node displacement on linear element under
Dynamic Temporal Load
Test ID: 6558

Test status: Passed
1.156.1 Description
The test verifies the envelope of node displacement of nodes situated on linear element no. 9 on Z direction. The
beam is subject to dynamic temporal load. The model consists of IPE120 and IPE200 beams made of S275 steel.
The main beams are pinned at one end and have Tx, Ty, Tz and Rx restrained at the other end.
The secondary beams have Ry restrained at both ends. The secondary beams are subject to dynamic temporal loads
at the center of the beam having Fz = -5.00 kN, Fz = -3.00 kN, Fz = -2.00 kN. Envelope of node displacements from
the dynamic temporal load case will be analyzed.
1.156.2 Background
Verifies the envelopes of the node displacement on Z direction on linear element nr. 9 (nodes nr. 6, 14, 19, 24, 29,
37)

■ Reference: None
■ Analysis type: Time history analysis / bending rigid structure/ 3D
■ Element type: linear (beams)
■ Load cases: Dead load D, Dynamic temporal load DT
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Main beams section IPE 200:
2
Secondary beams section IPE 120
369
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions are described below for main beams:
■ Outer:
► Fixed on both the extremities;
► Pinned at extremity 1, Restrained at TX, TY, TZ and RX at extremity 2.
■ Inner: None.
The boundary conditions are described below for secondary beams:

■ Outer:
► Released at Ry on Extremity 1 and Extremity 2;
Loading
The purlin is subjected to the following load combinations and actions:
■ Dead load D
■ Dynamic load DT Fz = -5.00 kN, Fz = -3.00 kN, Fz = -2.00 kN from the center to the edge
1.156.2.2 Modeling

■ Linear element: beams
■ 2 Main beams (11 nodes), 5 secondary beams (6 nodes),

Envelope displacement node 6 DZ mm 16.997 16.997 0.0%
370
(local coordinate system) subject to dynamic temporal load at the top
Test ID: 6565

Test status: Passed
1.157.1 Description
The test verifies displacements of a cantilever column subject to dynamic temporal load. The column has elastic point
support at the bottom and is subject to dynamic temporal load of 1.0kN on x direction at the top. The elastic point
support is defined in local coordinate system.
Cross section is HEB100 made of S235 steel with a 5m height. Displacements on nodes will be analyzed from the
Dynamic temporal load case.
1.157.2 Background

■ Reference: none
■ Analysis type: static linear / 3D
■ Load cases: dynamic temporal load FX = 1,0 kN
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ HEB100 (European Profiles)
■ Height 5 m
371
Material S235

■ Elastic Punctual Support n°1 – Stiffness: KTX = 100,0 kN/m
(local coordinate system) KTY = 100,0 kN/m
KTZ = 100,0 kN/m
KRX = 100,0 kN*m/°
KRY = 100,0 kN*m/°
KRZ = 100,0 kN*m/°
1.157.2.2 Modeling

■ 1 Linear element: S beam,
■ 6 nodes,
1.157.2.3 Results
displacement nod 1 Dx mm 9.68 9.68 0,0%
372
1.158 Time history analysis – Verifying the displacements on a cantilever column connected to a
steel plate on elastic support in global coordinate system
Test ID: 6568

Test status: Passed
1.158.1 Description
The test verifies the node displacements of a cantilever column connected to a steel plate.
The plate is resting on a planar elastic support. The column is subjected on X direction to a 1 kN dynamic temporal
load applied at the top of the column. The column is a HEB100 made of S235 steel with a 5 m height. The plate has
1x1 m dimensions with a 10 cm thickness made of S235 steel. Dx horizontal displacements from the dynamic
temporal load case will be analyzed.
1.158.2 Background
Verifies displacements on a cantilever column (S beam type) connected to steel plate. Column is loaded by punctual
dynamic temporal load at top 1 kN in X. Support of plate is Elastic planar.

■ Reference: none
■ Analysis type: static linear and planar / 3D
■ Element type: linear, planar
■ Load cases: dynamic temporal load FX = 1,0 kN
Units
Metric System
Geometry:
■ Column cross section HEB100 (European Profiles)
■ Column Height 5 m
■ Plate Length and Width 1x1 m
■ Plate Thickness 0,1 m
373
Material S235

■ Elastic planar Support n°1 – Stiffness: KTX = 100,0 kN/m
(global coordinate system) KTY = 100,0 kN/m
KTZ = 100,0 kN/m
KRX = 100,0 kN*m/°
KRY = 100,0 kN*m/°
KRZ = 100,0 kN*m/°
1.158.2.2 Modeling

■ planar element: shell,
■ 14 nodes
1.158.2.3 Results
displacement nod 3 (bottom) (Dx) mm 3.27 327 0,0%
displacement nod 14 (top) (Dx) mm 4.11 4.11 0,0%
374
1.159 Time history analysis – Verifies displacements, forces and bending moments for beam
elements structure subject to dynamic temporal loads
Test ID: 6571

Test status: Passed
1.159.1 Description
The test verifies displacements and forces on a plane truss structure made entirely of “beam” type elements subject
to dynamic temporal loads. The beam elements have 75x75 mm square cross section made of G40.21M-350W steel.
The truss has one pinned support and one with Tx and Ry restraints released.
The dynamic temporal load is pointed at the top left corner of the truss having Fx=50 kN. The dynamic temporal load
is defined as a harmonic function with 2 rad/s pulsation for 20 seconds. Displacements (D), axial force and bending
moments resulted from the dynamic temporal load case will be analyzed.
1.159.2 Background
Check the reaction, behavior and internal forces for a truss structure made entirely of “Beam” elements subjected to a
dynamic load.

■ Reference: none
■ Analysis type: dynamic / time history / truss structure 2D
■ Element type: linear (beam)
■ Load cases: Dynamic
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Below are described the cross-section characteristics:
■ Depth: h = 75mm
■ Width: b = 75mm
375
Material(s) CSA G40-350W is used.
Boundary conditions
■ Punctual Support 1: pinned
■ Punctual Support 2:
► Tx: free
► Ty: fixed
► Tz: fixed
► Rx: fixed
► Ry: free
► Rz: fixed
Loading
The column is subjected to the following loads:
■ 1 punctual dynamic load of 50kN:
1.159.2.2 Modeling

■ 9 Linear elements: all beam elements
■ 75 nodes
■ 2 rigid point supports
■ 1 punctual dynamic load
1.159.2.3 Results
Displacement (MaxD) D mm 0.664 0.664 0.0%
Displacement (@10s) D mm 0.513 0.513 0.0%
Axial Force (MaxD) Fx kN 54.72 54.72 0.0%
Bending Moment (MaxD) My kN.m 0.20 0.20 0.0%
376
1.160 Time history analysis - Verifies displacements, forces and bending moments for variable
beam elements structure subject to dynamic temporal loads
Test ID: 6573

Test status: Passed
1.160.1 Description
The test verifies displacements and forces on a plane truss structure made entirely of “variable beam” type elements
subject to dynamic temporal loads. The variable beam elements have 25x52 mm to 25x200mm variable cross section
made of G40.21M-350W steel.
The truss has one pinned support and one with Tx and Ry restraints released. The dynamic temporal load is pointed
at the top left corner of the truss having Fx=50 kN. The dynamic temporal load is defined as a harmonic function with
2 rad/s pulsation for 20 seconds. Displacements (D), axial force and bending moments resulted from the dynamic
temporal load case will be analyzed.
1.160.2 Background
Check the reaction, behavior and internal forces for a truss structure made entirely of “Variable Beam” elements
subjected to a dynamic load.

■ Reference: none
■ Element type: linear (variable beam)
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ Start Cross-Section
 Depth: h = 50mm
 Width: b = 25mm
■ End Cross-section
 Depth: h = 200mm
 Width: b = 25mm
377
Boundary conditions
► Tx: free
► Ty: fixed
► Tz: fixed
► Rx: fixed
► Ry: free
► Rz: fixed
Loading
1.160.2.2 Modeling

■ 9 Linear elements: all variable beam elements
■ 75 nodes
1.160.2.3 Results
378
(global coordinate system) subject to dynamic temporal load at the top
Test ID: 6564

Test status: Passed
1.161.1 Description
The test verifies displacements of a cantilever column subject to dynamic temporal load. The column has elastic point
support at the bottom and is subject to dynamic temporal load of 1.0kN on x direction at the top. The elastic point
support is defined in global coordinate system
1.161.2 Background

■ Reference: none,
■ Analysis type: static linear/ 3D,
■ Load cases: dynamic temporal load FX = 1.00 kN,
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ Section: HEB100 (European Profiles),
■ Height: 5.00 m.
379
Material S235

■ Elastic Punctual Support n°1 – Stiffness: KTX = 100,0 kN/m,
(global coordinate system) KTY = 100,0 kN/m,
KTZ = 100,0 kN/m,
KRX = 100,0 kN*m/°,
KRY = 100,0 kN*m/°,
KRZ = 100,0 kN*m/°,
1.161.2.2 Modeling

■ 6 nodes,
1.161.2.3 Results
380
1.162 Time history analysis – Verifies the displacements on shell element with linear elastic
support (local coordinate system) subject to point dynamic temporal load
Test ID: 6567

Test status: Passed
1.162.1 Description
The test verifies displacements of a cantilever shell element subject to two points dynamic temporal loads. The shell
has a linear elastic support at the bottom, defined in local coordinate system. The shell has 5x5m dimensions with
10cm thickness made of S235 steel.
The mesh is defined as Delaunay triangles and quadrangles T3-Q4 with 1m mesh size. The two loads are pointed at
the top corner on x and y direction F=1kN. The test verifies the node displacements from the dynamic temporal loads
case.
1.162.2 Background
Verifies horizontal displacements on a cantilever wall (shell element type). Wall is subject to two punctual dynamic
temporal loads at top 1 kN in X and 1 kN in Y directions. The wall has one linear elastic support, defined in local
coordinate system.

■ Reference: none
■ Analysis type: static planar / 3D
■ Element type: planar
■ Load cases: dynamic temporal load FX = 1,0 kN, FY = 1,0 kN
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ Length 5 m
■ Height 5 m
■ Thickness 0,1 m
381
Material S235

■ Elastic Linear Support n°1 – Stiffness: KTX = 100,0 kN/m
(local coordinate system) KTY = 100,0 kN/m
KTZ = 100,0 kN/m
KRX = 100,0 kN*m/°
KRY = 100,0 kN*m/°
KRZ = 100,0 kN*m/°
1.162.2.2 Modeling

■ 36 nodes,
1.162.2.3 Results
displacement nod 3 (bottom) (D) mm 5.28 5.28 0,0%
displacement nod 36 (top) (D) mm 42.43 42.43 0,0%
382
1.163 NL static analysis on T/C point supports – Verifies displacements on linear elements and
forces on supports operating in compression with elastic stiffness defined in local coordinate
system
Test ID: 6576

Test status: Passed
1.163.1 Description
The test verifies a two-span frame response from non-linear static analysis. The structure is subject to 50kN/m
gravitational uniform distributed load on one span. S beam elements have IPE500 cross section made of S235 steel.
The frame is supported by a fix point in the middle and two T/C point supports with KTx=1000kN/m stiffness. The T/C
point supports are operating in compression. The T/C point supports are defined in global coordinate system.
Displacements in linear elements and forces in point supports are verified from the non-linear static case.
forces on supports operating in compression with elastic stiffness defined in global
coordinate system
Test ID: 6577

Test status: Passed
1.164.1 Description
gravitational uniform distributed load on one span. S beam elements have IPE500 cross section made of S235 steel.
The frame is supported by a fix point in the middle and two T/C point supports with KTx=1000kN/m stiffness. The T/C
point supports are operating in compression. The T/C point supports are defined in global coordinate system.
383
1.165 Time history analysis – Verifies displacements for a rigid membrane model subject to time
history analysis load case
Test ID: 6575

Test status: Passed
1.165.1 Description
The test verifies the displacements on a model made of rigid membrane elements resulted from a dynamic temporal
load case. The structure is subject to 400kN/m linear load applied at the top. The load is defined as dynamic temporal
with a harmonic function. The rigid membranes have 10 cm thickness made of C25/30 concrete. The structure is
supported on four pinned linear supports. The mesh is defined as Delaunay triangles and quadrangles T3-Q4 with
0.1 m mesh size.
Displacements resulted from the dynamic temporal load case will be verified.
1.165.2 Background
Check the reaction, behavior and internal forces for a structure made entirely of “rigid membrane” surface elements
subjected to a dynamic load.

■ Reference: none
■ Analysis type: dynamic / time history / bending rigid structure 3D
■ Element type: Planar (rigid mebrane)
Units
Metric System
384
Geometry
■ Thickness: 100mm
Material(s) concrete C25/30 is used.
Boundary conditions
■ Linear Support 1: Pinned
The core wall system is subjected to the following loads:

■ 1 linear dynamic load of 400kN/m:
1.165.2.2 Modeling

■ 5 planar elements: rigid membrane
■ 36 nodes
■ 4 rigid linear supports
■ 1 linear dynamic load
1.165.2.3 Results
385
1.166 Time history analysis – Verifies the displacements on a column with fixed support subject to
dynamic temporal load at the top
Test ID: 6563

Test status: Passed
1.166.1 Description
The test verifies displacements of a cantilever column subject to dynamic temporal load. The column is fixed at the
bottom and is subject to dynamic temporal load of 1.0kN on x direction at the top.
1.166.2 Background

■ Analysis type: static linear/ 3D,
■ Load cases: dynamic temporal load FX = 1.00 kN,
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■Section: HEB100 (European Profiles),
■ Height: H=5.00 m,
386
Material S235

■ Rigid Punctual Support n°1:
1.166.2.2 Modeling

■ 6 nodes,
1.166.2.3 Results
displacement nod 1 Dx mm 0 0 0,0%
387
1.167 Time history analysis – Verifies displacements and forces for bar elements subject to
dynamic temporal load
Test ID: 6570

Test status: Passed
1.167.1 Description
The test verifies displacements and forces on a plane truss structure made entirely of “bar” type elements subject to
dynamic temporal loads. The bar elements have 75x75 mm square cross section made of G40.21M-350W steel. The
truss has one fixed support and one with Tx translations released.
is defined as a harmonic function with 200 rad/s pulsation for 20 seconds. Displacements (D) and axial force resulted
from the dynamic temporal load case will be analyzed.
1.167.2 Background

■ Reference: none
■ Element type: linear (bar)
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ Depth: h = 75mm
■ Width: b = 75mm
388
Boundary conditions
■ Punctual Support 1: Fixed
► Tx: free
► Ty: fixed
► Tz: fixed
► Rx: fixed
► Ry: fixed
► Rz: fixed
Loading
1.167.2.2 Modeling

■ 9 Linear elements: all Bar
■ 6 nodes
1.167.2.3 Results
389
1.168 Time history analysis - Verifies displacements, forces and bending moments for S beam
elements structure subject to dynamic temporal loads
Test ID: 6572

Test status: Passed
1.168.1 Description
The test verifies displacements and forces on a plane truss structure made entirely of “S beam” type elements subject
to dynamic temporal loads. The S beam elements have 75x75 mm square cross section made of G40.21M-350W
steel. The truss has one pinned support and one with Tx and Ry restraints released.
is defined as a harmonic function with 2 rad/s pulsation for 20 seconds. Displacements (D), axial force and bending
moments resulted from the dynamic temporal load case will be analyzed.
1.168.2 Background
Check the reaction, behavior and internal forces for a truss structure made entirely of “S Beam” elements subjected
to a dynamic load.

■ Reference: none
■ Element type: linear (S beam)
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ Depth: h = 75mm
■ Width: b = 75mm
390
Boundary conditions
► Tx: free
► Ty: fixed
► Tz: fixed
► Rx: fixed
► Ry: free
► Rz: fixed
Loading
1.168.2.2 Modeling

■ 9 Linear elements: all Sbeam elements
■ 75 nodes
1.168.2.3 Results
391
1.169 NL static analysis on T/C linear supports – Verifies displacements on planar elements and
torsors on linear supports operating in compression with elastic stiffness defined in global
coordinate system
Test ID: 6581

Test status: Passed
1.169.1 Description
gravitational uniform distributed load on one span and 100kN point force on “x” direction.
The model consists in a shell element with 20cm thickness and a short beam Element with 60x60 cm section made of
C25/30 concrete. The frame is supported by a fix point in the middle and two T/C linear supports with KTz=1000kN/m
stiffness. The T/C linear supports are operating in compression. The T/C linear supports are defined in local
coordinate system. 0.5m mesh size. Displacements in planar elements and torsors in linear supports are verified from
the non-linear static case.
torsors on linear supports operating in tension with elastic stiffness defined in local
coordinate system
Test ID: 6584

Test status: Passed
1.170.1 Description
stiffness. The T/C linear supports are operating in tension.The T/C linear supports are defined in local coordinate
system. 0.5m mesh size. Displacements in planar elements and torsors in linear supports are verified from the non-
linear static case.
forces on supports operating in tension with elastic stiffness defined in local coordinate
system
Test ID: 6580

Test status: Passed
1.171.1 Description
gravitational uniform distributed load on one span.
S beam elements have IPE500 cross section made of S235 steel. The frame is supported by a fix point in the middle
and two T/C point supports with KTx=1000kN/m stiffness. The T/C point supports are operating in tension. The T/C
point supports are defined in local coordinate system. Displacements in linear elements and forces in point supports
are verified from the non-linear static case.
392
torsors on linear supports operating in compression with elastic stiffness defined in local
coordinate system
Test ID: 6582

Test status: Passed
1.172.1 Description
C25/30 concrete. The frame is supported by a fix point in the middle and two T/C linear supports with KTx=1000kN/m
stiffness. The T/C linear supports are operating in compression. The T/C linear supports are defined in local
coordinate system. 0.5m mesh size.Displacements in planar elements are verified from the non-linear static case.
torsors on linear supports operating in tension with elastic stiffness defined in global
coordinate system
Test ID: 6583

Test status: Passed
1.173.1 Description
stiffness. The T/C linear supports are operating in tension. The T/C linear supports are defined in global coordinate
system. 0.5m mesh size. Displacements in planar elements and torsors in linear supports are verified from the non-
linear static case.
1.174 NL static analysis on T/C planar supports – Verifies displacements on elements and torsors
on supports operating in compression with elastic stiffness defined in global coordinate
system
Test ID: 6585

Test status: Passed
1.174.1 Description
The model consists in a shell element with 20cm thickness and two short beam element with 60x60 cm (40x60 cm)
section made of C25/30 concrete. The frame is supported by a fix point in the middle and two square shell elements
which have T/C planar supports with KTz=1000kN/m stiffness. The T/C planar supports are operating in
compression. The T/C planar supports are defined in global coordinate system. 0.5m mesh size. Displacements in
planar elements and torsors in planar supports are verified from the non-linear static case.
393
on supports operating in compression with elastic stiffness defined in local coordinate system
Test ID: 6586

Test status: Passed
1.175.1 Description
which have T/C planar supports with KTz=1000kN/m stiffness. The T/C planar supports are operating in
compression. The T/C planar supports are defined in local coordinate system. 0.5m mesh size.
Displacements in planar elements and torsors in planar supports are verified from the non-linear static case.
on supports operating in tension with elastic stiffness defined in local coordinate system
Test ID: 6588

Test status: Passed
1.176.1 Description
which have T/C planar supports with KTz=1000kN/m stiffness. The T/C planar supports are operating in tension. The
T/C planar supports are defined in local coordinate system. 0.5m mesh size.
forces on supports operating in tension with elastic stiffness defined in global coordinate
system
Test ID: 6578

Test status: Passed
1.177.1 Description
gravitational uniform distributed load on one span.
S beam elements have IPE500 cross section made of S235 steel. The frame is supported by a fix point in the middle
and two T/C point supports with KTz=1000kN/m stiffness. The T/C point supports are operating in tension. The T/C
point supports are defined in global coordinate system.
394
1.178 Time history analysis – Verifies displacements and bending moments for a plate type
element subject to dynamic temporal load case
Test ID: 6574

Test status: Passed
1.178.1 Description
The test verifies the displacements and bending moments on a plate type element resulted from a dynamic temporal
load. The plate has 2x6 m in plane dimensions with 15 cm thickness made of C25/30 concrete. The plate is
supported on four point supports. The plate is subject to 5kN/m2 gravitational uniform distributed load defined as
dynamic temporal load. The mesh is defined as Delaunay triangles and quadrangles T3-Q4 with 0.1 m mesh size.
Displacements and bending moments resulted from the dynamic temporal load case will be verified.
1.178.2 Background
Check the reaction, behavior and internal forces for a structure made entirely of “plate” surface elements subjected to
a dynamic load.

■ Reference: none
■ Analysis type: dynamic / time history / bending rigid structure 3D
■ Element type: Planar (plate)
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ Thickness: 150mm
395
Material(s) concrete C25/30 is used.
Boundary conditions
■ Point Support 1:
 Tx: fixed
 Ty: fixed
 Tz: fixed
 Rz: fixed
 Tz: fixed
 Tz: fixed
 Tz: fixed
The floor is subjected to the following loads:
■ 1 planar dynamic load of -5kN/m^2:
1.178.2.2 Modeling

■ 1 planar element: plate
■ 1281 nodes (mesh 100mm)
■ 4 point supports
■ 1 planar dynamic load
1.178.2.3 Results
Moment (MaxD) Mxx kN.m 8.99 8.99 0.0%
Moment (MaxD) Myy kN.m 37.30 37.30 0.0%
396
on supports operating in tension with elastic stiffness defined in global coordinate system
Test ID: 6587

Test status: Passed
1.179.1 Description
which have T/C planar supports with KTz=1000kN/m stiffness. The T/C planar supports are operating in tension. The
T/C planar supports are defined in global coordinate system. 0.5m mesh size.
397
1.180 Elastic punctual (local coordinate system) supports in Linear static analysis – Verifies
displacements on a cantilever column (S beam type)
Test ID: 6605

Test status: Passed
1.180.1 Description
This test verifies the displacements on a cantilever column subject to horizontal point force and supported on an
elastic point support. The column is a HEB100 european profile made of S235 steel with a 5 m height, The elastic
point support is defined to have KTx=KTy=KTz=100kN/m and KRx=KRy=KRz=100kNm/° stiffness.
The elastic point support is defined in local coordinate system. Nodes displacements are verified after performing
static linear analysis on the model.
1.180.2 Background

■ Reference: none
■ Analysis type: Elastic punctual (local coordinate system) supports in Linear Static analysis
■ Load cases: point load Fx = 1,0 kN
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ Height 5 m
Material S235
398

■ Elastic Point Support in local coordinate system
■ Stiffness: (KTX, KTY, KTZ) = 100 kN/m, (KRX, KRY, KRY) =100 kNm/°
1.180.2.2 Modeling

■ 1 Linear element: S beam
■ 6 nodes
1.180.2.3 Results
displacement nod 1 DX mm 10.00 10.00 0.0%
displacement nod 1 DZ mm -10.02 -10.02 0.0%
399
1.181 T/C planar support (global coordinate system) in Non-Linear static analysis – Verifies
displacements on a horizontal plate (shell type) subject to uniform distributed planar load
Test ID: 6612

Test status: Passed
1.181.1 Description
This test verifies the displacements on a horizontal shell plate subject to gravitationalplanar uniform distributed load
supported on an T/C planar support. The shell has 20cm thickness and is made of C25/30 concrete. The T/C planar
support is defined to have KTx=KTy=KTz=100kN/m and KRx=KRy=KRz=100kNm/° stiffness.
The T/C planar support is defined in global coordinate system. Nodes displacements are verified after performing
static non-linear analysis on the model.
1.181.2 Background

■ Analysis type: Elastic planar (global coordinate system) supports in NL Static analysis,
■ Element type: plate,
■ Load cases: area load Fz = -1.00 kN/m2.
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ Plate thickness: h= 20 cm,
■ Length*width: L*b= 500x500 cm.
Material: C25/30
400

■ Elastic planar (global coordinate system) supports in NL Static analysis,
■ Stiffness: (KTX, KTY, KTZ)= 100 kN/m, (KRX, KRY, KRY) =100 kNm/°,
1.181.2.2 Modeling

■ 1 planar element: plate,
■ 9 nodes.
1.181.2.3 Results
401
1.182 Elastic linear (global coordinate system) support in Linear static analysis – Verifies
displacements on a S type beam subject to point force at midspan
Test ID: 6606

Test status: Passed
1.182.1 Description
This test verifies the displacements on a horizontal S type beam subject to gravitational point force and supported on
an elastic linear support. The S beam is a HEB100 european profile made of S235 steel with a 5 m length. The
elastic linear support is defined to have KTx=KTy=KTz=100kN/m and KRx=KRy=KRz=100kNm/° stiffness.
The elastic linear support is defined in global coordinate system. Nodes displacements are verified after performing
1.182.2 Background

■ Reference: none
■ Analysis type: Elastic linear (global coordinate system) supports in Linear Static analysis
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ Length 5 m
Material S235

■ Elastic linear (global coordinate system) supports in Linear Static analysis
1.182.2.2 Modeling

■ 6 nodes
402
1.182.2.3 Results
403
1.183 NL static analysis on strut element type - Verifies nodal displacements and forces in strut
after performing NL static analysis
Test ID: 6617

Test status: Passed
1.183.1 Description
The test verifies the response of a braced frame subject to horizontal point load after performing NL static analysis on
the model. The structure consists of S beam to define the frame and a diagonal strut. The frame is fixed at the base
by two point supports. Horizontal point force is applied at the beam column intersection.
Horizontal nodes displacements and axial forces in the strut element resulted from the 10 steps load application are
verified.
404
1.184 T/C punctual (local coordinate system) supports in Non-Linear static analysis – Verifies
displacements on a cantilever column (S beam type)
Test ID: 6609

Test status: Passed
1.184.1 Description
This test verifies the displacements on a cantilever column subject to horizontal point force and supported on an T/C
point support defined to operate in compression. The column is a HEB100 european profile made of S235 steel with
a 5 m height. The T/C point support is defined to have KTx=KTy=KTz=100kN/m and KRx=KRy=KRz=100kNm/°
stiffness.The T/C point support is defined in local coordinate system.
Nodes displacements are verified after performing static non-linear analysis on the model.
1.184.2 Background

■ Reference: none
■ Analysis type: Elastic punctual (local coordinate system) supports in NL Static analysis
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ Height 5 m
Material S235
405

■ Elastic T/C point Support in local coordinate system
1.184.2.2 Modeling

■ 6 nodes
1.184.2.3 Results
406
1.185 Elastic linear (local coordinate system) support in Linear static analysis – Verifies
Test ID: 6607

Test status: Passed
1.185.1 Description
an elastic linear support. The S beam is a HEB100 european profile made of S235 steel with a 5 m length. The
elastic linear support is defined to have KTx=KTy=KTz=100kN/m and KRx=KRy=KRz=100kNm/° stiffness.
The elastic linear support is defined in local coordinate system.Nodes displacements are verified after performing
1.185.2 Background

■ Reference: none
■ Analysis type: Elastic linear (local coordinate system) supports in Linear Static analysis
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ Lenght 5 m
Material S235

■ Elastic linear (local coordinate system) supports in Linear Static analysis
1.185.2.2 Modeling

■ 6 nodes
407
1.185.2.3 Results
408
1.186 T/C linear (local coordinate system) support in Non-Linear static analysis – Verifies
Test ID: 6613

Test status: Passed
1.186.1 Description
an T/C linear support. The S beam is a HEB100 european profile made of S235 steel with a 5 m length. The T/C
linear support is defined to have KTx=KTy=KTz=100kN/m and KRx=KRy=KRz=100kNm/° stiffness. The T/C linear
support is defined in local coordinate system and imposed to operate in compression.
409
1.187 T/C linear (global coordinate system) support in Non-Linear static analysis – Verifies
Test ID: 6610

Test status: Passed
1.187.1 Description
an T/C linear support. The S beam is a HEB100 european profile made of S235 steel with a 5 m length. The T/C
linear support is defined to have KTx=KTy=KTz=100kN/m and KRx=KRy=KRz=100kNm/° stiffness. The T/C linear
support is defined in global coordinate system and imposed to operate in compression.
1.187.2 Background

■ Reference: none
■ Analysis type: Elastic linear (global coordinate system) supports in NL Static analysis
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ Lenght 5 m
Material S235

■ Elastic T/C linear (global coordinate system) supports in NL Static analysis
410
1.187.2.2 Modeling

■ 6 nodes
1.187.2.3 Results
411
1.188 NL static analysis on membrane – Verifies nodal displacements and forces in the planar
element after performing NL static analysis
Test ID: 6618

Test status: Passed
1.188.1 Description
The test verifies the response of a membrane subject to uniform distributed load after performing Non-Linear static
analysis. The membrane has 20cm thickness and is made of C25/30 concrete and is fixed at the base by a linear
support. Uniform distributed load is applied on the top edge with a value of 50kN, gravitationally.
Forces in the membrane and nodal displacements are verified from the Non-Linear static case.
412
1.189 Elastic planar support (global coordinate system) in Linear static analysis – Verifies
displacements on a horizontal plate (shell type) subject to uniform distributed planar load
Test ID: 6608

Test status: Passed
1.189.1 Description
This test verifies the displacements on a horizontal shell plate subject to gravitational Planar uniform distributed load
supported on an elastic planar support. The shell has 20cm thickness and is made of C25/30 concrete.The elastic
planar support is defined to have KTx=KTy=KTz=100kN/m and KRx=KRy=KRz=100kNm/° stiffness. The elastic
planar support is defined in global coordinate system.
Nodes displacements are verified after performing static linear analysis on the model.
1.189.2 Background

■ Analysis type: Elastic planar (global coordinate system) supports in Linear Static analysis,
■ Element type: plate,
■ Load cases: area load Fz = -1.00 kN/m2,
Units
Metric System
Geometry
Cross sections:
■ plate thickness: h= 20 cm,
■ Length*width: L*b=500m x 500 cm.
Material C25/30
413

■ Elastic planar (global coordinate system) supports in Linear Static analysis
1.189.2.2 Modeling

■ 1 planar element: plate
■ 9 nodes
1.189.2.3 Results
414
1.190 NL static analysis on variable beam steel frame - Verifies nodes displacements after
performing NL static analysis
Test ID: 6614

Test status: Passed
1.190.1 Description
The test verifies the response of a steel frame after performing NL static analysis. The linear elements are "variable
beam" type, with doubly symmetric cross section, made of S235 steel. The frame is fixed in two point supports,
defined in global coordinate system. Uniform linear load of 10 kN/m on the beam and 5kN point force in x direction in
the column-beam node. The nodal displacements from the 10 number load steps are verified.
The results are validated with another independent software.
1.190.2 Background
The test verifies result from Non-Linear analysis for a simple frame structure made of variable beam type elements.
The frame is subject to point and uniform distributed load.

■ 2D structure – linear elements only
■ Element type: variable beam
■ Analysis type: Non-Linear analysis
■ Software version: AD2019 build 14030
■ Results are validated with another independent software.
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ Base length L=5.0 m
■ Height H=5.0 m
415
Linear elements
■ Type: variable beam
■ Cross section (variable beam):
Start point: End point:
Isotropic material:
Boundary conditions
■ Punctual supports;
■ Type: Fixed
Loading
■ Dead load case: Fz=10kN/m2 uniform distributed load; Fx=5kN point load
Non-Linear analysis definition

■ All linear elements are ‘variable beam’ type
Verified results
■ Horizontal displacements for the first 10 load steps:
416
Comparison
independent FEM software.
Node numbering in AD
Description Symbol Unit AD 2019 Reference Difference

displacement node 21 Dx mm 0.327 0.324 0.92%
417
1.191 Verify the behavior of elastic displacement release on one end of a beam in static analysis
(200kN/m)
Test ID: 6620

Test status: Passed
1.191.1 Description
The model comprises of two frames. One frame having elements with default fixed ends and the other having applied
an elastic displacement release at the start extremity (1). The cross-section of the linear elements is Rectangular
20x30cm and the material is Reinforced Concrete C25/30. The rigidity applied to the displacement of the beam end
node is 200kN/m. Both frames are subjected to a horizontal concentrated load of 100kN at the beams end.
1.192 Torsors/Groups of walls with rotated local axes, z+ and z- (load 10kN/m at top on z direction)
- check MX, MY / Group
Test ID: 6621

Test status: Passed
1.192.1 Description
There are 4 walls with rotated local axes and z in same direction in one Group and 4 walls with rotated local axes and
z in same direction in the second group, but with z in the opposite sense than the first group. All walls are: 3x5m,
20cm thick shell elements, fixed supported at the base and free on all other edges, loaded at top with a linear 10kN/m
load on the local z direction and same sense. All walls are in the same plane, perpendicular to global XOY and at an
angle about the XOZ plane.
Check the results for MX/Group and TY/Group (Global coordinate system): should be identical for the two groups,
independent of the local axes position on the individual walls.
418
1.193 Nonlinear static analysis on 3D model with rigid diaphragm defined as shell with DOF
constraint subjected to horizontal and gravitational loads
Test ID: 6624

Test status: Passed
1.193.1 Description
The test verifies the response of a 3D structure after performing Nonlinear static analysis. The model consists of
linear elements and a planar element defined as shell. To simulate the rigid diaphragm effect, a DOF constraint is
imposed having master node placed in the center of the shell (center of rigidity) and slave nodes in the mesh points.
The master-slave connection is defined to have Tx, Ty and Rz restrained.
The linear elements have 20x30 cm cross section, while the shell has 20 cm thickness. All elements are made of
C25/30 concrete. The structure is subjected to horizontal X and Y linear load and gravitational planar load.
Nodes displacements and forces on the linear and planar elements are verified after performing Nonlinear static
analysis on the model. Results from 10 steps are verified and compared with results obtained from another
independent software.
1.193.2 Background

■ 3D structure – linear and planar elements
■ Element type: shell, S beam
■ Analysis type: Non-Linear analysis
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ Base length: L = 8.0 m
■ Base width: l = 5.0 m
■ Height: H = 5.0 m
■ Cross sections:
419
columns: beams:
C25/30 concrete:
■ Mass Density: ρ = 2500 kg/m3
■ Young's Modulus: E = 31.47 GPa
■ Poisson's Ratio: ν = 0.2
Boundary conditions
■ Punctual supports;
■ Type: Fixed
Loading
■ Dead load case: Fx = 100 kN/m, Fy = -100 kN/m linear load
■ Dead load case: Fz = -20 kN/m2 planar load
DOF constraint definition:

■ Master node defined in the center of the planar element (center of rigidity)
■ Slave nodes defined on each mesh points (0.5 m mesh size)
Non-Linear analysis definition
420

■ Number of planar elements: 1
Verified results
■ Displacements for the first 10 load steps;
■ Forces in linear elements;
■ Forces in planar elements.
Comparison
independent FEM software.
Calculated results
Mesh model preview
Description Symbol Unit Step Position AD 2019 Reference Difference

Axial force in column 21 Fx kN top 52.01 52.66 1.25%
1
Axial force in column 21 Fx kN bottom 53.41 53.41 0.00%
Axial force in column 21 Fx
kN top 104.39 105.74 1.29%
2
kN bottom 106.45 107.24 0.74%
kN top 156.77 159.28 1.60%
3
kN bottom 159.49 161.53 1.28%
kN top 209.15 213.26 1.97%
4
kN bottom 212.54 216.26 1.75%
5
kN bottom 265.58 271.48 2.22%
6
kN bottom 318.62 327.18 2.69%
Axial force in column 21 Fx kN 7 top 366.29 378.15 3.24%
421

kN bottom 371.66 383.4 3.16%
8
kN top 471.05 490.68 4.17%
9
kN top 523.43 547.79 4.65%
10
kN bottom 530.79 555.29 4.62%
Description Step Symbol Unit

AD 2019 Reference Difference
Displacement of node 57 10 Dx
cm 11.74 11.75 0.09 %
Displacement of node 57 10 Dy cm
36.39 36.42 0.08 %
Displacement of node 57 10 Dz cm
0.14 0.14 0.00 %
422
1.194 NL static analysis on 3D model with windwall defined as rigid diaphragm subject to
horizontal and gravitational loads.
Test ID: 6625

Test status: Passed
1.194.1 Description
The test verifies the response of a 3D structure after performing Non-Linear static analysis. The model consists of
linear elements and a windwall defined as rigid diaphragm. Self weight is disabled for the windwall. The linear
elements have 20x30cm cross section, while the windwall has 20cm thickness. All elements are made of C25/30
concrete. The structure is subject to horizontalX and Y linear load and gravitational planar load.
Nodes displacements and forces on the linear elements are verified after performing Non-Linear static analysis on the
model. Results from 10 steps are verified.
- check MX, TY / Group, Mf and Tyz
Test ID: 6622

Test status: Passed
1.195.1 Description
load on the local z direction and same sense. All walls are in the same plane, perpendicular to global XOY and
parallel to the XOZ plane.
Check the results for MX/Group and TY/Group (Global coordinate system), should be identical for the two groups,
independent of the local axes position on the individual walls, Mf and Tyz (local coordinate system).
1.196 Torsors/Groups of walls with rotated local axes, z+ and z- (load 10kN at top in the walls
plane) - check MX, TY / Group, Mz and Txy
Test ID: 6627

Test status: Passed
1.196.1 Description
20cm thick shell elements, fixed supported at the base and free on all other edges, loaded at top with a concentrated
10kN load in the walls plane. All walls are in the same plane, perpendicular to global XOY and parallel to the YOZ
plane.
Check the results for MX/Group and TY/Group (Global coordinate system), should be identical for the two groups,
independent of the local axes position on the individual walls, Mz and Txy (local coordinate system).
423
- check MY, TX, Mf and Tyz
Test ID: 6628

Test status: Passed
1.197.1 Description
load on the local z direction and same sense. All walls are in the same plane, perpendicular to global XOY and
parallel to the YOZ plane. Check the results for MY/Group and TX/Group (Global coordinate system), should be
identical for the two groups, independent of the local axes position on the individual walls, Mf and Tyz (local
coordinate system).
1.198 Verify the behavior of elastic rotational releases on both ends of a beam in static analysis
(100kNm/deg)
Test ID: 6619

Test status: Passed
1.198.1 Description
The model comprises of two frames. One frame having elements with default fixed ends and the other having applied
an elastic rotational release at both ends. The cross-section of the linear elements is Rectangular 20x30cm and the
material is Reinforced Concrete C25/30. The rigidity applied to the rotation of the beam end nodes is
100kNm/degree. Both frames are subjected to a vertical distributed load of -10kN/m.
1.199 Torsors/Groups of walls with rotated local axes, z+ and z- (load 10kN at top in the walls
plane) - check MY, TX / Group, Mz, Txy
Test ID: 6623

Test status: Passed
1.199.1 Description
10kN load in the walls plane and same sense. All walls are in the same plane, perpendicular to global XOY and
parallel to the XOZ plane.
Check the results for MY/Group and TX/Group (Global coordinate system), should be identical for the two groups,
independent of the local axes position on the individual walls, Mz and Txy (local coordinate system).
1.200 Torsors/Groups of walls with rotated local axes, z+ and z- (load 10kN at top at angle with
walls plane) - check Mz, Mf, Txy, Tyz
Test ID: 6626

Test status: Passed
1.200.1 Description
10kN load at angle with the walls plane. All walls are in the same plane, perpendicular to global XOY and at an angle
relative to the XOZ plane.
Check the results for MX/Group, MY/Group and TX/Group (Global coordinate system), should be identical for the two
groups, independent of the local axes position on the individual walls, Mz, Mf, Txy and Tyz (local coordinate system).
424
1.201 Verifying the resultant forces on single walls
Test ID: 6692

Test status: Passed
1.201.1 Description
The test verifies the sign of the resultant forces generated on single walls. The walls have different local axes.
1.202 Verifying the sum of actions on supports
Test ID: 6694

Test status: Passed
1.202.1 Description
The model consists of a single storey reinforced concrete structure, having 4 column: 2 of 4 meters and 2 of 5
meters. The structure is loaded at the top by two lateral loads, one on each directions. The resulting bending
moments on the supports are verified.
1.203 Pushover Analysis - Verifies the Pushover load distribution - Concentrated
Test ID: 6698

Test status: Passed
1.203.1 Description
The model consists of a 3-storeys reinforced concrete structure. The storeys have different areas.
The structure is loaded by dead loads (self weight and applied loads), live loads, wind loads and snow loads. Seismic
load cases are also generated.
Two Pushover Load Types are defined:
- Load Type 1 - the distribution is set to "concentrated" and the point of application to "center of mass". The maximum
total lateral load is set to "Percentage of the total gravity loads"
- Load Type 2 - the distribution is set to "concentrated" and the point of application to "surface distributed on slab".
The maximum total lateral load is set to "Percentage of the total gravity loads"
For each load type, the "Maximum total lateral load" and the loads distributed at each storey are verified wtih
analytical results.
1.204 Pushover Analysis - Verifies the Pushover load distribution - Triangular
Test ID: 6700

Test status: Passed
1.204.1 Description
- Load Type 1 - the distribution is set to "triangular" and the point of application to "center of mass". The maximum
- Load Type 2 - the distribution is set to "triangular" and the point of application to "surface distributed on slab". The
maximum total lateral load is set to "Percentage of the total gravity loads"
analytical results.
425
1.205 Pushover Analysis - Verifies the Pushover load distribution - Uniform
Test ID: 6699

Test status: Passed
1.205.1 Description
- Load Type 1 - the distribution is set to "uniform" and the point of application to "center of mass". The maximum total
lateral load is set to "Percentage of the total gravity loads"
- Load Type 2 - the distribution is set to "uniform" and the point of application to "surface distributed on slab". The
analytical results.
1.206 Pushover Analysis: Verifying the Pushover Analysis on a converted model (Advance Design
2020.2)
Test ID: 6718

Test status: Passed
1.206.1 Description
The aim of the test is to verify the generation of Pushover loads and the definition of Plastic Hinges on a model after
conversion.
The model consists of a 2 storey structure, made of both reinforced concrete and steel elements.
The structure is loaded by dead loads (8.5 kN/m2) and live loads (6 kN/m2).
During the test:
- the Pushover loads cases are generated:
- 4 - Pushover 1 X+ - Load type 1, the distribution is set to "concentrated", the point of application to "center of mass" and the ma
- 5 - Pushover 2 X+ - Load type 1, the distribution is set to "uniform", the point of application to "surface distributed on slab" and th
- the Plastic Hinges are defined for several steel and reinforced concrete elements
- the Pushover Analysis is run
- the "Flexural plastic hinges status by load case", the "Axial plastic hinges status by load case" and the
"Overstrength ratio (Alfa_1/Alfa_u)" reports are generated.
426
1.207 EC3/ NF EN1993-1-1/NA France: Pushover Analysis - Verifies the limit states and status of a
steel EC8-3 flexural plastic hinge
Test ID: 6740

Test status: Passed
1.207.1 Description
The model consists of two identical steel S235 linear elements, having an HEB300 cross-section. The elements are
fixed supported at both ends.
For both elements an EC8-3 plastic hinge is defined on Ry and Rz DOF''s only at one end in order to prevent
instability when the plastic hinge is developed.
For one element the cross-section class is defined as class 1, while for the other it is defined as class 2.
Two Pushover load cases are defined:
- a load case on the X direction with a user defined concentrated load of 5000kN applied at midspan
- a load case on the Y direction with a user defined concentrated load of 2500kN applied at midspan
The Pushover Analysis is defined with 50 steps.
The aim of the test is to verify the limit states, the plastic hinge rotation at each step and the sequence of plastic
hinge statuses. The results are validated with an independent software.
During the test, the Pushover analysis is run with and without the Steel design. The "Flexural plastic hinges status by
load step" report is generated for each run.
1.208 EC3/ NF EN 1993-1-1/NA - France: Pushover Analysis - Verifies the status of a steel FEMA
flexural plastic hinge
Test ID: 6738

Test status: Passed
1.208.1 Description
The model consists of a steel S235 linear element, having an HEB300 cross-section. The element is fixed supported
at both ends.
A FEMA plastic hinge is defined on Ry and Rz DOF''s only at one end in order to prevent instability when the plastic
hinge is developed.
The aim of the test is to verify the plastic hinge rotation at each step and the sequence of plastic hinge statuses. The
results are validated with an independent software.
427
1.209 Verifying the resultant forces on a group of walls
Test ID: 6693

Test status: Passed
1.209.1 Description
The test verifies the generation of the resultant forces on a group of walls. The model consists of two perpendicular
reinforced concrete walls. The walls have fixed linear supports at the base and linear loads applied at the top. The
resultant forces generated by Advance Design on the group of walls are validated by hand calculation – the resultant
forces are derived from the individual forces on each wall.
1.209.2 Background

■ 3D structure
■ Element type: Planar - shell
■ Analysis type: Linear analysis
■ Software version: AD2020 build 15107
■ Results are validated by hand calculation.
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ Length of wall 1=3.00m
■ Length of wall 2=6.00m
■ Height of wall 1 and 2=5.0 m
Linear elements
■ Type: shell
428
■ Thickness= 20 cm
Isotropic material, C25/30:
■ Young's Modulus E = 31.475 GPa
Boundary conditions
■ Linear supports;
■ Type: Fixed
Loading
■ Live load case: Fz=-3.33kN/m uniform distributed load – top of wall 1 and 2
Fx= 3.33kN/m uniform distributed load – top of wall 2
Fy= 3.33kN/m uniform distributed load – top of wall 1

■ Number of planar elements: 2
■ Number of linear supports: 2
■ Mesh Type: Delauney
■ Mesh element size: 0.75 m
Verified results
■ Resultant forces on the group of walls (wall 1+2)
NZ / Goup resultant axial force and MX / Group -resultant Mx bending moment on the group of walls
429
Description Value Unit

MY / Group up 7.03 kN/m
MY / Group down 91.42 kN/m
MX / Group up -3.59 kN/m
MX / Group down -45.57 kN/m
TY / Group up 10.00 kN
TY / Group down 9.85 kN
TX / Group up 20.00 kN
TX / Group down 19.75 kN
NZ / Group up -29.87 kN
NZ / Group down -29.94 kN

Resultant forces on the group of walls – on global coordinates
Comparison
The resultant forces generated by Advance Design on the group of walls are compared with those obtained by hand
calculation – the resultant forces are derived from the individual forces on each wall.

The resultant forces on each wall are used as input data.
NZ axial force and MX bending moment on wall 2 – on global coordinates
Description Wall 1 Wall 2 Unit

MY / up 1.37 3.71 kN/m
MY / down 43.54 25.86 kN/m
MX / up -2.05 -5.43 kN/m
MX / down 1.33 -90.95 kN/m
TY / up 5.76 4.24 kN
TY / down -1.50 11.34 kN
TX / up 9.60 10.40 kN
TX / down 11.77 7.98 kN
NZ / up -11.25 -18.61 kN
NZ / down -24.66 -5.28 kN

Resultant forces on wall 1 and wall 2 – on global coordinates
430
Firstly, the center of weight, about which the resultant forces are computed, for the group of the walls is calculated.
Then, the corresponding lever arm for the axial forces of the walls.
Center of weight of the group of walls and lever arm of the axial forces
MY/Group_up = MY/Group_up_wall1 + MY/Group_up_wall1 + NZ_up_wall1*x_w1 + NZ_up_wall2*x_w2 =

= 1.37kN/m + 3.71kN/m - (-)11.25kN *1m + (-)18.61kN * 0.5m = 7.03 kN/m
MX/Group_up= MX/Group_up_wall1 + MX/Group_up_wall1 + NZ_up_wall1*y_w1 + NZ_up_wall2*y_w2
= -2.05kN/m + (-)5.43kN/m - (-11.25)kN*2m + (-)18.61kN/m*1m = -3.59 kN/m
TY/Group_up = TY/Group_up_wall1 + TY/Group_up_wall2 = 5.76kN + 4.24kN = 10 kN
TX/Group_up = TX/Group_up wall1 + TX/Group_up_wall2 = 9.60kN + 10.40kN = 20 kN
NZ/Group_up = NZ/Group_up_wall1 + NZ/Group_up_wall2 = -11.25kN + (-)18.61kN = -29.86kN
Where:
x_w1 = (-1) and is the projection on X of the distance between the resultant axial resultant N on wall 1 (NZ_wall1) and
the geometrical centre of the group
x_w2 = 0.5 and is the projection on X of the distance between the resultant axial resultant N on wall 2 (NZ_wall2) and
y_w1 = (-2) and is the projection on Y of the distance between the resultant axial resultant N on wall 1 (NZ_wall1) and
y_w2 = 1 and is the projection on Y of the distance between the resultant axial resultant N on wall 2 (NZ_wall2) and
431
It is done similarly for the base of the group of walls, finally obtaining:
Hand Deviation
Description AD Unit
calculation
MY / up 7.03 7.03 kN/m 0.07%
MY / down 91.42 91.42 kN/m 0.00%
MX / up -3.59 -3.59 kN/m 0.00%
MX / down -45.57 -45.58 kN/m -0.02%
TY / up 10.00 10.00 kN 0.00%
TY / down 9.85 9.84 kN 0.10%
TX / up 20.00 20.00 kN 0.00%
TX / down 19.75 19.75 kN 0.00%
NZ / up -29.87 -29.86 kN 0.03%
NZ / down -29.94 -29.94 kN 0.00%
Verification of the resultant forces on a group of walls
432
1.210 AISC: Pushover Analysis - Verifies the status of a steel FEMA flexural plastic hinge
Test ID: 6739

Test status: Passed
1.210.1 Description
at both ends.
A FEMA plastic hinge is defined on Ry and Rz DOF''s only at one end in order to prevent instability when the plastic
hinge is developed.
433
1.211 Time history analysis – Verifies the displacements on shell element with linear elastic
support (global coordinate system) subject to point dynamic temporal load
Test ID: 6566

Test status: Passed
1.211.1 Description
The test verifies displacements of a cantilever shell element subject to two points dynamic temporal loads. The shell
has a linear elastic support at the bottom, defined in global coordinate system. The shell has 5x5m dimensions with
10cm thickness made of S235 steel. The mesh is defined as Delaunay triangles and quadrangles T3-Q4 with 1m
mesh size. The two loads are pointed at the top corner on x and y direction F=1kN. The test verifies the node
displacements from the dynamic temporal loads case.
1.211.2 Background
Verifies horizontal displacements on a cantilever wall (shell element type). Wall is subject to two punctual dynamic
temporal loads at top 1 kN in X and 1 kN in Y directions. The wall has one linear elastic support, defined in global
coordinate system.

■ Reference: none
■ Analysis type: static planar / 3D
■ Element type: planar
■ Load cases: dynamic temporal load FX = 1,0 kN, FY = 1,0 kN
Units
Metric System
Geometry
■ Length 5 m
■ Height 5 m
■ Thickness 0,1 m
434
Material S235

■ Elastic Linear Support n°1 – Stiffness: KTX = 100,0 kN/m
(global coordinate system) KTY = 100,0 kN/m
KTZ = 100,0 kN/m
KRX = 100,0 kN*m/°
KRY = 100,0 kN*m/°
KRZ = 100,0 kN*m/°
1.211.2.2 Modeling

■ 36 nodes,
1.211.2.3 Results
displacement nod 3 (bottom) (D) mm 5.28 5.28 0,0%
displacement nod 36 (top) (D) mm 42.43 42.43 0,0%
435
1.212 AISC: Pushover Analysis - Verifies the status of a steel EC8-3 flexural plastic hinge
Test ID: 6741

Test status: Passed
1.212.1 Description
at both ends.
An EC8-3 plastic hinge is defined on Ry and Rz DOF''s only at one end in order to prevent instability when the plastic
hinge is developed.
load step" report is generated for each run
1.213 Pushover Analysis - Verifies the Pushover load distribution - Parabolic
Test ID: 6701

Test status: Passed
1.213.1 Description
- Load Type 1 - the distribution is set to "parabolic" and the point of application to "center of mass". The maximum
- Load Type 2 - the distribution is set to "parabolic" and the point of application to "surface distributed on slab". The
analytical results.
436

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VALIDATION GUIDE

Tests passed on: 29 July 2020

Number of tests: 918

– 1 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD ......................................................................................... 11

1.2 Cantilever rectangular plate (01-0001SSLSB_FEM) ............................................................................ 15

1.3 Circular plate under uniform load (01-0003SSLSB_FEM) ................................................................... 17

1.5 Thin circular ring fixed in two points (01-0006SDLLB_FEM)............................................................... 22

1.10 Thin circular ring hanged on an elastic element (01-0014SDLLB_FEM) ............................................ 35

1.13 Slender beam with variable section (fixed-free) (01-0004SDLLB_FEM)............................................. 43

1.16 Short beam on simple supports (eccentric) (01-0018SDLLB_FEM)................................................... 51

1.19 Slender beam on two fixed supports (01-0024SSLLB_FEM) ............................................................. 60

1.22 Bending effects of a symmetrical portal frame (01-0023SDLLB_FEM) .............................................. 69

1.23 Fixed thin arc in planar bending (01-0027SSLLB_FEM)..................................................................... 72

1.24 Fixed thin arc in out of plane bending (01-0028SSLLB_FEM)............................................................ 75

1.25 Double fixed beam (01-0016SDLLB_FEM).......................................................................................... 77

1.27 Slender beam on three supports (01-0025SSLLB_FEM) .................................................................... 83

1.28 Bimetallic: Fixed beams connected to a stiff element (01-0026SSLLB_FEM) ................................... 86

1.29 Truss with hinged bars under a punctual load (01-0031SSLLB_FEM)............................................... 89

1.30 Beam on elastic soil, free ends (01-0032SSLLB_FEM) ...................................................................... 91

1.31 Caisson beam in torsion (01-0037SSLSB_FEM) ................................................................................ 94

1.32 Portal frame with lateral connections (01-0030SSLLB_FEM)............................................................. 97

1.33 EDF Pylon (01-0033SFLLA_FEM) ..................................................................................................... 100

1.34 Square plate under planar stresses (01-0039SSLSB_FEM) ............................................................. 104

1.35 Stiffen membrane (01-0040SSLSB_FEM) ......................................................................................... 107

1.36 Beam on elastic soil, hinged ends (01-0034SSLLB_FEM) ............................................................... 110

1.37 Double hinged thin arc in planar bending (01-0029SSLLB_FEM).....................................................113

1.38 Simply supported square plate (01-0036SSLSB_FEM) .....................................................................116

1.40 Thin cylinder under its self weight (01-0044SSLSB_MEF)................................................................120

1.41 Thin cylinder under a hydrostatic pressure (01-0043SSLSB_FEM) .................................................122

1.43 Spherical dome under a uniform external pressure (01-0050SSLSB_FEM) .....................................127

1.45 Torus with uniform internal pressure (01-0045SSLSB_FEM) ...........................................................132

1.47 Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load (01-0053SSLSB_FEM)...........................136

1.48 Simply supported rectangular plate under a uniform load (01-0052SSLSB_FEM)...........................138

1.49 Thin cylinder under a uniform axial load (01-0042SSLSB_FEM) ......................................................140

1.50 Spherical shell under internal pressure (01-0046SSLSB_FEM)........................................................143

1.60 Shear plate perpendicular to the medium surface (01-0055SSLSB_FEM) .......................................164

1.64 Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in space (case 2) (01-0068SDLLB_FEM)..............................172

1.66 Plane portal frame with hinged supports (01-0089SSLLB_FEM)......................................................176

1.67 Slender beam of variable rectangular section (fixed-fixed) (01-0086SDLLB_FEM)..........................178

1.68 Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in space (case 1) (01-0067SDLLB_FEM)..............................181

1.69 Short beam on two hinged supports (01-0084SSLLB_FEM) ............................................................183

1.70 Vibration mode of a thin piping elbow in space (case 3) (01-0069SDLLB_FEM)..............................185

1.77 Membrane with hot point (01-0099HSLSB_FEM) ............................................................................. 205

1.78 Beam on 3 supports with T/C (k = 0) (01-0100SSNLB_FEM) ............................................................ 208

1.79 A 3D bar structure with elastic support (01-0094SSLLB_FEM) ....................................................... 211

1.83 Linear system of truss beams (01-0103SSLLB_FEM) ...................................................................... 229

1.86 Double cross with hinged ends (01-0097SDLLB_FEM).................................................................... 239

1.102 Verifying Sxx results on beams (TTAD #11599) ............................................................................. 282

1.105 Verifying results on punctual supports (TTAD #11489) ................................................................. 283

1.108 Verifying tension/compression supports on nonlinear analysis (TTAD #11518)........................... 283

1.109 Verifying tension/compression supports on nonlinear analysis (TTAD #11518) ...........................284

1.129 Modal analysis of a structure with ”membrane” type element .......................................................303

1.130 Modal analysis of a structure with rigid diaphragm .......................................................................303

1.139 Generalized buckling analysis on membrane element ...................................................................329

1.143 Modal analysis of a structure with releases on beam elements .....................................................340

1.201 Verifying the resultant forces on single walls ................................................................................ 425

1.202 Verifying the sum of actions on supports ...................................................................................... 425

1.209 Verifying the resultant forces on a group of walls ......................................................................... 428