สถิตย์ศาสตร์วิศวะกรรม จุฬา

2103213 1
(Engineering Mechanics 1)
1 STATICS
. .
3
(Engineering Mechanics I) (Statics) (Dynamics)
1
2
Engineering Mechanics STATICS Engineering Mechanics DYNAMICS

Meriam Kraige
Engineering Mechanics STATICS DYNAMICS Meriam Kraige

Engineering Mechanics STATICS DYNAMICS
R.C.Hibbeler
Chanat.r@chula.ac.th
Statics
1 ......................................................................................................1-1
1/1 (Mechanics) ..................................................................................... 1-1
1/2 ................................................................................................... 1-1
1/3 ........................................................................................... 1-2
1/4 ..................................................................................................... 1-7
2 ..........................................................................................2-1
2/1 ................................................................................................................ 2-1
2/2 .................................................................................................................... 2-1
2/3 ................................................................................................... 2-5

2/4 ........................................................................................................... 2-12
2/5 (Couple).............................................................................................. 2-19
2/6 Resultants ...................................................................................................... 2-23
2/7 ................................................................................................. 2-29

2/8 .......................................................................................... 2-37
2/9 Resultants ...................................................................................................... 2-46
3 .............................................................................................3-1
3/1 ................................................................................................................ 3-1
3/2 Free-body diagram........................................................................... 3-1

3/3 ....................................................................................................... 3-8
3/4 ..................................................................................................... 3-21

5 .............................................................................................5-1
5/1 ................................................................................................................ 5-1
5/2 ............................................................................................... 5-3
5/3 Centroids of Lines, Areas, and Volumes ........................................................ 5-5
5/4 Composite body............................................................................................... 5-8
5/5 Pappus............................................................................................ 5-9
5/9 Fluid Statics.................................................................................................... 5-13
6 ..........................................................................................6-1
6/1 ................................................................................................................ 6-1
6/2 ........................................................................................ 6-1
6/3 Dry Friction....................................................................................................... 6-2
Statics/ Chapter 1 Introduction to statics 1-1
(Statics)
1/1 (Mechanics)
2 (Statics)
(Dynamics)
1/2
(Space)
x-y-z r- -z
x-y r- 3
2
(Time)
(Mass)
(Force)

(Particle)
(Rigid body)
1/3
2
3
1(a) -1(c)
1. Free vector
free vector
2. Sliding vector
1(b)
3. Fixed vector
fixed vector
(a) (b)
S S
F F
S
S
Rigid body
K
(c)
F F
Deformable body
1.
2(a)
V1 V1
2(b)
2.
3
(
)
(a) (b)
Magnitude = | V | or V V
= Direction
Vector = V or V V (same magnitude but

opposite direction)
2
V2 V V
V2 V2
V1 V1
V1 V V1 V2 V V1 V2
V2 V1
V V1 V2 V1 ( V2 )
V
V1 V2
4
4
3.
V V2 V12 V22 2V1V2 cos( )

V2
V1 V2 V
sin( ) sin( )
5
1/1
V1 V2 10 20
30º V V2 V1
V2
V = V2 - V1
V1
cosine V2 V1
2
V2
2
2V1V2 cos( )
V 2 10 2 12 2 2(10)(12) cos(30 )
V 6.013 Ans
V2 V
sine
sin sin
12 6.013
sin sin 30
= 86.26º 93.74º
cosine
= 86.26º, 12 2 102 6.0132 2(10)(6.013) cos(86.26 )
144 128
= 93.74º, 12 2 102 6.0132 2(10)(6.013) cos(93.74 )
144 144
= 93.74º Ans
4.
4.1
sine cosine
6(a) V
V1 V2
V2 V V1 V
sin sin sin(180 ) sin
(a) (b)
2
y
V V
V2
Vy
1 x
V1 Vx
6
4.2
6(b) Vx V cos
Vy V sin
5.
(1)
V Vnˆ (1)
n̂ V
x-y-z ( 7)
V Vx iˆ V y ˆj Vz kˆ (2)
Vx V cos x lV , Vy V cos y mV , Vz V cos z nV

iˆ , ĵ , k̂ x, y, z l, m, n
direction cosine
7 [1]
l, m, n (3)
l2 m2 n2 cos 2 x cos 2 y cos 2 z 1 (3)
(3)
V2 V x2 V y2 Vz2 (4)
1/4
3
1
( )
1 (5) (6)
a 0 (5)
F 0 (6)
1
2
2 (7)
F ma (7)
8 8
F F
F F
8 3
[1] J.L.Meriam and L.G.Kraige, Engineering mechanics STATICS fifth edition SI

Version, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003.
Statics/ Chapter 2 Force systems 2-1
(Statics)
2 ( 1)
2/1
2/2
Fixed vector
2 P
O C
F
F
1
External
F
C
F O
C
O Internal
F
C
O Fixed
( )
Sliding vector
3 A B
O C P
(Principle of Transmissibility)
Sliding vector
3 [1]
(a) (b) (c)

4 [1]
(Concurrent forces)
F1
F2 4(a)
A R
R A
4(b) 4(c)
5(a) R F1 F2 a
b F1 F2
( sine cosine)
1
b b
Fb
R R
F2
F1
a a
Fa
(a) (b)
5 [1]
5(b)
R a b a b
Fa Fb R R
1. F1 F2 ( 6(a))
2. F F
F F
F1 F2 ( 6(b)) F
F
3. F1 F F2 F R1
R2 ( 6(b))
4. R1 R2
R F1 F2
R1 R2 ( 6(c))
R1
R2
R2 R2
F2 F2 R1 F2 R1
F1 F1 F1
F F F F
(a) (b) (c)
6 [1]
SECTION A.
2/3
7 F Fx Fy
F Fx Fy (1)
F Fx iˆ Fy ˆj (2)
Fx Fy F
Fx F cos Fy F sin
Fy
F Fx2 Fy2 arctan( ) (3)
Fx
7 [1]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
8
F F
x
y
Fx= Fcos
y
Fy= Fsin
x x
F
Fx= Fcos Fx= Fsin( )
y
Fy= Fsin Fy= Fcos( )
9 (4)
R F1 F2 ( F1x iˆ F1 y ˆj ) ( F2 x iˆ F2 y ˆj )
R R x iˆ R y ˆj ( F1x F2 x )iˆ ( F1 y F2 y ) ˆj
Rx F1x F2 x Fx
Ry F1 y F2 y Fy (4)
9 [1]
2/1 Determine the components of the

800-N force F along the oblique axes a
and b. Also, determine the projections
of F onto the a- and b-axes. [Engineering
Mechanics Statics 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige,
prob.2/19]
1 a b
Fb
b
75° F = 800 N
Fb
a 45°
75°
Fa 60°
45°
Fa Fb sine
sine 800 Fa Fb
sin 45 sin 75 sin 60
Fa = 1092.82 N Ans
Fb = 979.80 N
2 a b
F = 800 N a
Fa 800 cos 60 400 N Ans
Fb
b
a 60° 75°
b
45°
Fa
Fb 800 cos 75 207.06 N Ans
2/2 The cable AB prevents bar OA

from rotating clockwise about the
pivot O. If the cable tension is 750 N,
determine the n- and t- components of
this force acting on point A of the bar.
[Engineering Mechanics Statics 5th edition, Meriam
& Kraige, prob.2/23]
TAB n-t TAB

n-t
TAB
1.5 sin 60
tan 0.6662
1.2 1.5 cos 60
33.6705
180 120 33.6705 26.3295
Tt t TAB cos 750 cos 26.3295
= 672 N
Tt t
Tt = -672 N Ans
Tn n TAB sin 750 sin 26.3295
= 332.65 N
Tn n
Tn = 332.65 N Ans
2/3 The guy cables AB and AC are

attached to the top of the transmission
tower. The tension in cable AC is 8
kN. Determine the required tension T
in cable AB such that the net effect of
the two cable tension is a downward
force at point A. Determine the
magnitude R of this downward force.
[Engineering Mechanics Statics 5th edition,
Meriam & Kraige, prob.2/25]
TAB TAC A
2
R TAC TAB
R
40
arctan( ) 33.69
60
TAC = 8kN
50
arctan( ) 51.34
40
180 33.69 51.34 94.97
R
3
TAB
TAC TAB R
sine sin sin sin
8 TAB R
sin 51.34 sin 33.69 sin 94.97
TAB = 5.68 kN
Ans
R = 10.21 kN
2/2-2/3
1. Combine the two forces P and T, which act on the fixed structure at B, into a single
equivalent force R. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige]
(Ans R = 524 N, = 48.6 )
2. If the equal tensions T in the pulley cable are 400 N, express in vector notation the
force R exerted on the pulley by the two tensions. Determine the magnitude of R.
[Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige]
(Ans R = 600i + 346j N, R = 693 N)
3. The 500-N force F is applied to the vertical pole as shown.
1. Write F in terms of the unit vector i and j and identify both its vector and scalar
components.
2. Determine the scalar components of the force vector F along the x'- and y'- axes.
3. Determine the scalar components of F along the x- and y'- axes.
(Ans (1) F = 250i - 433j
(2) Fx = 500 N, Fy = 0 N
(3) Fx = 1000N, Fy = -866 N)
1 2
3

(Statics)
2 ( 2)
2/4
1(a)
1(b)
(Moment)
(Torque)
F C.G. C.G.
F d
Translation Translation + Rotation

1
2 (Pipe wrench)
( )
2 [1]
3 A-A
F1 F4
F2 F3
4 F O-O
(F)
(d) (1)
N.m SI
M Fd (1)
Sliding vector
4 [1]
5 [1]
(The Cross Product)
F A 4
M r F (2)
r A F
(3)
M Fr sin Fd (3)
r F
r
F M
r F
(2) M F r
Varignons Theorem
Varignons Theorem
Varignons Theorem
6
R P Q
MO r R r ( P Q)
MO r R r P r Q (4)
MO Rd pP qQ (5)
6 Varignon theorem [1]

2/4 The force exerted by the plunger of cylinder AB on the door is 40 N

directed along the line AB, and this force tends to keep the door closed.
Compute the moment of this force about hinge O. What force FC normal to
the plane of the door must the door stop at C exert on the door so that the
combined moment about O of the two forces is zero? [Engineering Mechanics Statics
5th edition, Meriam & Kraige, prob.2/42]
MO
FAB
FAB=40 N
FC 100
tan arctan( ) 14.0362
400
FAB
FAB
MO (40 cos )(75 10 3 ) (40 sin )(400 25) 10 3
MO = 7.03 Nm CW Ans
FC O=0( FAB FC
O O)
MO FC (0.825)
7.03 FC (0.825)
FC 8.53N Ans
2/5 The spring-loaded follower A

bears against the circular portion of
the cam until the lobe of the cam
lifts the plunger. The force required
to lift the plunger is proportional to
its vertical movement h from its
lowest position. For design
purposes determine the angle for
which the moment of the contact
force on the cam about the bearing
O is a maximum. In the enlarged
view of the contact, neglect the
small distance between the actual
contact point B and the end C of the
lobe. [Engineering Mechanics Statics 5th
edition, Meriam & Kraige, prob.2/45]
F
III I II
x
x0 II
III
I
F k ( x x0 )
x l sin
x0 40mm l 80mm
M Fl cos k (l sin x0 )(l cos )
M kl (l sin cos x0 cos )

l
M kl ( sin 2 x0 cos )
2
dM l
kl ( cos 2 (2) x0 ( sin )) 0
d 2
l cos 2 x0 sin 0
l (1 2 sin 2 ) x0 sin 0
x0 = 40mm, l = 80 mm
80(1 2 sin 2 ) 40 sin 0
4 sin 2 sin 2 0
sin = 0.8431, -0.5931
-0.5931 0.8431
sin = 0.8431, = 57.47º Ans
2/5 (Couple)
(
) 7
F F O
M F (a d ) Fa Fd (6)
(6) O
a
7 [1]
8 (7)
M rA F rB ( F ) ( rA rB ) F
M r F (7)
F F
F F
Free vector
9
A
rA r
B
O rB F
F
8
9 [1]
(
Free vector) 10
M
10 [1]
11
1. 11(a) F A
2. F F B 11(b)
3. 11(c) F A F B
1
4. F A 11(a) F
B Fd d
11(d)
Sliding vector ( )
Add to the system

F 0 Couple
(a) (b) (c) (d)

11 [1]
2/6 Calculate the moment of the 1200-N

force about pin A of the bracket. Begin
by replacing the 1200-N force by a force-
couple system at point C. [Engineering
Mechanics Statics 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige,
prob.2/68]
1200N C
M 1200N C
1200N
M 1200 0.2 240 Nm
A M A 1200 sin (0.6) M

1
M A 1200 0.6 240
5
= 562 Nm CCW Ans
2/6 Resultants
Resultants
Resultants 2
3
12(a) Resultant F1 , F2 F3
F2 F3 R1
R1 F1 Resultant R
x-y
12(b) (8)
R F1 F2 F3 F
Rx Fx Ry Fy R ( Fx ) 2 ( Fy ) 2
Ry Fy
arctan( ) arctan( ) (8)
Rx Fx
(a) (b)
12 Resultants [1]
Algebraic Method
Resultants 13
( 2/5)
1. ( 13(a))
2. ( O) 13(b)
2/5 F1
M1 F1 d1
F2 F3 M2 M3
3. R F
MO (Fd ) 13(c)
4.
13(c) O
R d 13(d) O
d Rd MO
13 Resultants [1]
Resultants
Resultants 14(a) 14(b)
14(a) F1 F2 F3
F3 Resultant
F3 d
14(b) O O
Resultant R F
F1 F1
F1 F2 F3
F2
F2
O
d F3
F3
(a) (b)
14 Resultants

2/7 The asymmetric roof truss is of the type used when a near normal angle of
incidence of sunlight onto the south-facing surface ABC is desirable for solar
energy purpose. The five vertical loads represent the effect of the weight of the
truss and supported roofing materials. The 400-N load represents the effect of
wind pressure. Determine the equivalent force-couple system at A. Also,
compute the x-intercept of the line of action of the system resultant treated as a
single force R. [Engineering Mechanics Statics 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige, prob.2/86]
2.5
2.5 2.5
Ax 400 cos 30 346.4101N

400 N A
Ay 2000 400 sin 30 2200 N
M
A 346.41iˆ 2200 ˆj N
250+500+500+500+250
Ans
= 2000 N
A M A
M 400(2.5) 500(2.5) 500(5) 500(7.5) 250(10)
M 11000 Nm Ans
Resultant x
M
A=x M
A
Ax Ay x
A Ay ( x) M
x
Ay
M 11000
x 5m Ans
Ay 2200
2/4 - 2/6
1. Calculate the magnitude of the moment about the base point O of the 600-N force.
(Ans MO = 2610 Nm)
2. The rigid structural member is subjected to a couple consisting of the two 100-N
forces. Replace this couple by an equivalent couple consisting of the two forces P
and P, each of which has a magnitude of 400 N. Determine the proper angle .
(Ans = 51.3 )
1 2
3. Determine and locate the resultant R of the two forces and one couple acting on the
I-beam. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige]
(Ans R = -3j kN
x = 4.33 m)
3 4
4. Replace the three forces acting on the bent pipe by a single equivalent force R.
Specify the distance x from point O to the point on the x-axis through which the line
of action of R passes. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige]
(Ans R = -200i + 80j N
x = 1.625 m (off pipe))
(Statics)
2 ( 3)
2/7
(x-y-z) F
Fx, Fy Fz x, y z 1
1 [1]
Fx, Fy Fz
Fx F cos( x ) Fy F cos( y ) Fz F cos( z ) (1)
x , y z F x, y z 1
(2)
F Fx2 Fy2 Fz2 (2)
F x, y
z
F Fx iˆ Fy ˆj Fz kˆ (3)
F F (cos x iˆ cos y
ˆj cos z kˆ) (4)
iˆ , ĵ k̂ x, y z
l cos x , m cos y n cos z l, m, n
(Direction Cosine) (5)
l 2 m2 n2 1 (5)
l, m, n (4)
F F (liˆ mˆj nkˆ ) (6)
(5) (liˆ mˆj nkˆ ) 1
(6) F 1
F , n̂ F
F Fnˆ F (7)
(7)
n̂ F
F
2 1) F 2
2) F 2
1. 2
2 2 [1]
F F A B
F
(8)
rAB
F Fnˆ F F (8)
| rAB |
rAB A B
rAB ( x2 x1 )iˆ ( y 2 y1 ) ˆj ( z 2 z1 ) kˆ (9)
( x2 x1 )iˆ ( y 2 y1 ) ˆj ( z 2 z1 ) kˆ
F F (10)
( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y2 y1 ) 2 ( z 2 z1 ) 2
(10) A B
2. 2
3 [1]
3 F F
1. xy
Fz F sin (11)
Fxy F cos
2. x, y
x Fx Fxy cos F cos cos (12)
y Fy Fxy sin F cos sin (13)
3. x, y z (11) (13)
(3)
Dot Product
P F
Fn ( F nˆ )nˆ
P cos( )
Fn F nˆ
n
Q
( ) ( )
4 (Dot product)
P Q 4( ) (14)
P Q
P Q PQ cos( ) (14)
(14)
P Q P cos( ) Q
P Q [ P Q ](Q) (15)
(15) P Q
P Q Q
P Q Q P
P
F n̂
4( )
F nˆ F (1) cos( ) F cos( ) (16)
(16)
(
)
(17)
Fn ( F nˆ ) nˆ (17)
1. 1
iˆ iˆ ˆj ˆj kˆ kˆ 1 (18)
2. 0
iˆ ˆj ˆj iˆ iˆ kˆ kˆ iˆ ˆj kˆ kˆ ˆj 0 (19)
2 P Q
5 2
P Q
P Q PQ cos( ) (14)
P Q
cos 1
(15)
PQ
P nˆ
cos 1
(16)
P
0 (14)
90º

2/8 The tension in the supporting cable BC is 3200 N. Write the force which this
cable exerts on the boom OAB as a vector T. Determine the angle x, y, and z
which the line of action of T forms with the positive x-, y-, and z-axes.
[Engineering Mechanics Statics 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige, prob.2/103]
T B C B
C
B : (1.5, 2.1, 0.45)

C : (1.8, 0, 0.9)
BC : BC 0.3iˆ 2.1 ˆj 0.45kˆ
BC :
0.3iˆ 2.1 ˆj 0.45kˆ
nˆ BC 0.1383iˆ 0.9684 ˆj 0.2075kˆ
2 2 2
0.3 2.1 0.45
T
TBC TBC nˆ BC 3200(0.1383iˆ 0.9684 ˆj 0.2075kˆ)
TBC 442.56iˆ 3098.88 ˆj 664.05kˆ Ans

x
[P Q PQ cos ] nˆ BC iˆ (1)(1) cos x
cos x (0.1383iˆ 0.9684 ˆj 0.2075kˆ) (iˆ)
cos x 0.1383
x 82.05 Ans
y
[P Q PQ cos ] nˆ BC ˆj (1)(1) cos y
cos y (0.1383iˆ 0.9684 ˆj 0.2075kˆ) ( ˆj )
cos y 0.9684
y 165.56 Ans
z
[P Q PQ cos ] nˆ BC kˆ (1)(1) cos z
cos z (0.1383iˆ 0.9684 ˆj 0.2075kˆ) (kˆ)
cos z 0.2075
z 78.02 Ans
2/7
1. A force F with a magnitude of 100 N is applied at the origin O of the axes x-y-z as
shown. The line of action of F passes through a point A whose coordinates are 3m,
4m and 5m. Determine (a) the x, y and z scalar components of F, (b) the projection
Fxy of F on the x-y plane, and (c) the projection FOB of F along the line OB.
(Ans (a) Fx = 42.4 N, Fy = 56.6 N, Fz = 70.7 N
(b) Fxy = 70.7 N
(c) FOB = 84.4 N)
2. The cable BC carries a tension of 750 N. Write this tension as a force T acting on
point B in terms of the unit vector i, j and k. The elbow at A forms a right angle.
(Ans T = -598i + 411j +189.5k N)
2
(Statics)
2 ( 4)
2/8
1 [1]
1 F MO O
(1)
MO r F (1)
r O F
MO O
MO ( 4 r
F )
z
2 [2]
F 2(a)
–x z O
z 2(b) +z
x O x
x-y-z
x-y-z O
x, y z x, y z
(a) (b)
3 [2]
3(a)
A z
A z 3(b) A
MA A A
z z
A
(1)
iˆ ˆj kˆ
Mo r F rx ry rz (2)
Fx Fy Fz
Mo (ry Fz rz Fy )iˆ (rz Fx rx Fz ) ˆj (rx Fy ry Fx )kˆ (3)
Mo M x iˆ M y ˆj M z kˆ
Mx ry Fz rz Fy
My rz Fx rx Fz
Mz rx Fy ry Fx (4)
4 [1]
(4)
(
4)
x x
x, Mx y z
x Fy –rzFy
x Fz ryFz
x Mx ry Fz rz Fy
3(b) z A
z
z
5 [1]
5 ,M
1 O
MO r F
2 MO
, n̂
M (r F ) nˆ (5)
3 (5)
M [(r F ) nˆ ]nˆ (6)
Varignon (Varignons Theorem in Three Dimensions)

Varignon

( 6 ) Varignon
(7)
MO r F1 r F2 r F3 r ( F1 F2 F3 )
MO (r F) r F r R (7)
6 7 [1]
Varignon [1]
7 O
M rA F rB ( F ) ( rA rB ) F (8)
M r F (9)
(9) O F
r r F
F
Free Vector
Sliding Vector
8 [1]
8 F1 F2
Free vector
F1 F2 F F
2/5
2 3
9
1. F A
2. F F B
3. F F
4. F F M r F
F
9 [1]

[2] R.C.Hibbeler, Engineering mechanics STATICS 11th Edition in SI units, Pearson
Prentice Hall, 2007.
2/9 Tension in cable AB is 143.4 N. Determine the moment about the x-axis of
this tension force acting on point A . Compare your result to the moment of the
weight W of the 15-kg uniform plate about the x-axis. What is the moment of
the tension force acting at A about line OB. [Engineering Mechanics Statics 5th edition,
AB
TAB
A : (0.7, 0.45cos20º, -0.45sin20º) (0.7, 0.4229, -0.1539)

B : (0.35, 0, 0.4)
AB : AB 0.35iˆ 0.4229 ˆj 0.5539kˆ
AB :
0.35iˆ 0.4229 ˆj 0.5539kˆ
nˆ AB 0.4488iˆ 0.5423 ˆj 0.7103kˆ
0.352 0.44292 0.5539 2
TAB
TAB TAB nˆ AB 143.4( 0.4488iˆ 0.5423 ˆj 0.7103kˆ)
TAB 64.3579iˆ 77.7658 ˆj 101.857kˆ
x x
O
MO r TAB
r O TAB
r B ( r O
A )
r rOB 0.35iˆ 0.4kˆ
iˆ ˆj kˆ
MO rOB TAB 0.35 0 0.4
64.3579 77.7658 101.857
MO 31.1063iˆ 61.3931 ˆj 27.2180kˆ
x
x i
Mx M O iˆ (31.1063iˆ 61.3931 ˆj 27.2180kˆ) iˆ
Mx 31.1 Nm Ans
z 0.45
Mx (15)(9.81)( cos 20 )
2
0.45 m y
Mx 31.1 Nm Ans
20º
W = 15(9.81) N
TAB OB
TAB OB
MOB = 0 Nm Ans
MOB M OB M O nˆOB
2/8
1. A Tension T of magnitude 10 kN is applied to the cable attached to the top A of
the rigid mast and secured to the ground at B. Determine the moment Mz of T
about the z-axis passing through the base O. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th edition,
Meriam & Kraige]
(Ans Mz = -84.9k kNm)
2. A force of 400 N is applied at A to the handle of the control lever which is
attached to the fixed shaft OB. In determining the effect of the force on the shaft
at a cross section such as that at O, we may replace the force by an equivalent
force at O and a couple. Describe this couple as a vector M. [Engineering Mechanics
STATICS 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige]
(Ans M = 94.3 Nm
= 32.0 on y-z plane)
3. If the magnitude of the moment of F about line CD is 50 Nm, determine the
magnitude of F. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige]
(Ans F = 228 N)
1 2
3
(Statics)
2 ( 5)
2/9 Resultants
2/6 Resultants
Resultants
1 Resultants [1]
1 Resultants F1 , F2 F3
1(a) O
1. F1 O M1
M1 r1 F1
2. F2 F3 O
1(b)
3. R
M 1(c)
R F1 F2 F3 F
M M1 M2 M3 (r F) (1)
Rx Fx , Ry Fy , Rz Fz ,
R ( Fx ) 2 ( Fy ) 2 ( Fz ) 2 ,
Mx (r F)x , My (r F)y , Mz (r F)z ,
M M x2 M y2 M z2
O O
O
Resultants
M
M2
F
B B R
M=Fd
F
O M1
A
A
2D 3D
2 Resultants
Resultants 2 3
2 2 ( M r F
)
3
( 2 3 )
3
1. (Concurrent forces)
Resultant
2. (Parallel forces)
Resultant
Resultant
3. (Coplanar forces)
2
Wrench resultant
2
3
3
Wrench resultant 3
3 Wrench resultant [1]
Wrench resultant 1
Positive wrench
Negative wrench
1(c) Wrench resultants
4
4 Wrench resultant [1]

1. 4(b)
2. M2
R R d M2 Rd 4(c)
3. R R 4(c)
R M1
Free vector 4(d)

2/10 The resultant of the two forces and couple may be represented by a wrench.
Determine the vector expression for the moment M of the wrench and find the
coordinates of the point P in the x-z plane through which the resultant force of
the wrench passes. [Engineering Mechanics Statics 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige, prob.2/149]
R 100iˆ 100 ˆj
R 1002 100 2 100 2
x-y-z
R iˆ Rx
R iˆ R(1) cos x cos x
R R
Rx 100 1
cos x
R 100 2 2
Ry 100 1
cos y
R 100 2 2
Rz 0
cos z 0
R 100 2
Wrench resultant P x-z

P
P R
P
z
x
MP 100( z )iˆ 100(0.4 x)kˆ 100(0.3)kˆ 100(0.4 z ) ˆj 20 ˆj
MP 100 ziˆ (20 100 z ) ˆj (10 100 x)kˆ (1)
Wrench resultant P
R
M iˆ Mx
M iˆ M (1) cos x
cos x
M M
Mx 100 z 1 (2)
cos x
M M 2
My 20 100 z 1 (3)
cos y
M M 2
My 10 100 x
cos z 0 (4)
M M
(2), (3) (4) x 0.1 z 0.1 M 10 2
P : x = z = 0.1 m Ans
x z (1)
MP 10iˆ 10 ˆj Nm Ans
2/9
1. Determine the wrench resultant of the three forces acting on the bracket. Calculate
the coordinates of the point P in the x-y plane through which the resultant force of
the wrench acts. Also find the magnitude of the couple M of the wrench. [Engineering
Mechanics STATICS 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige]
(Ans M = -2400 Nmm, x = 60 mm, y = 40 mm)
2. Replace the system of two forces and couple by a wrench. Determine the
magnitude of the moment M of the wrench, the magnitude of the force R of the
wrench, and the coordinate of the point P in the x-y plane through which R passes.
(Ans R = -20i 37.9j + 12.65k kN
M = 45.3j + 40.9k kNm)
2
Statics/ Chapter 3 Equilibrium 3-1
(Statics)
3 ( 1)
3/1
(
)
Resultant 0
(1)
R F 0 M M 0 (1)
Section A
3/2 Free-body diagram
(1)
Free-body diagram
Free-body diagram
1 [1]
1(
2 (
)
3
2
( )
N F
R
F
F
4 (Roller support)
2
N ( )
N
( )
5
2 ( ) [1]
6 (Pin connection)
2
7
W m g
W
9
2
Free-body diagram
Free-body diagram
1. Free-body diagram
2.
3.
4.
Free-body diagram
Free-body diagram Plane truss P
3( ) P
( ) ( )
( )
3 Free-body diagram [1]

1 Free-body diagram ( A
B)
2 3( )
3 3( )
1. 3( ) P
2. A;
Ay Ax
( )
3. B;
4. ;
4 3( )
Free-body diagram 4
2
3
F V M
m
W = mg
3
2
Bx By A
A
2
4 m
A B
m m
m (
m)
4 Free-body diagram [1]

3/3
(
)
Resultant 0
(2)
Fx 0, Fy 0, MO 0 (2)
(2) O
(2) 3
3
5
1. (Collinear)
2. (Concurrent at a point)
x
y
3. (Parallel) (
)
4. (General)
(2)
5 2 [1]
(Two-force member)
By P
Bx
Ax
Ay
-P
( ) ( ) ( )
6 [1]
6( ) F AB
( )
2 A B A B
3.2 A
B 6( ) Ax = -Bx Ay = -By 6( )
2
A B
AB 6( ) 2
AB A B 2
( AB) 6( )
AB 2-Force member
AB 3 A B
(Three-force member)
3
7(a)
7 3 [1]
7(b)
(2)
x y
3 3
3 3
(3) (4)
MA 0, MB 0, Fx 0 (3)
MA 0, MB 0, MC 0 (4)
Constraints
Constraints 8( )
constraint
8( )
constraint
8( )
constraint
( ) ( )
( )
8 Constraints [1]
Statical Determinacy
3
3 9
P P
FAx A B FAx A B FBx
FAy FBy FAy FBy
( ) ( )
A B 9( ) A
2 B
9( )
3
3
(Statically determinate)
9( ) B A
B 9( ) 2 4
3
(Statically indeterminate)
Adequacy of Constraints
Constraint
10
10 [1]
10
10(a) A
2
3
3
(Adequate constraints)
10(b) 3 10(a)
A
A
(Partial constraints)
10(c) 3 3
3
(Partial
constraints)
10(d) 4 3
10(a) 3
1 (Redundant constraint)
1.
2. Free-body diagram
3. (
)
4. MO 0
5. x y Fx 0, Fy 0 (
1 2 )
6. 4-5

3/1 The 100-kg wheel rests on a rough

surface and bears against the roller A when
the couple M is applied, If M = 60 Nm and
the wheel does not slip, compute the reaction
on the roller A. [Engineering Mechanics Statics 5th
edition, Meriam & Kraige, prob.3/15]
W mg (100)(9.81) N
M 60 Nm
Free-body diagram 100 kg
NA MC 0 CW+
60 f (0.3) 0
C 30º
M f 200 N
W
y
f Fx 0
O
N f N A cos 30 0
x
200 N A cos 30 0
NA 230.94 N Ans
NA O
MO 0 CW+
60 N A cos 30 (0.3) 0
NA 230.94 N Ans
3/2 The pin A, which connects the 200-kg steel beam with center of gravity at
G to the vertical column, is welded both the beam and to the column. To test the
weld, the 80-kg man loads the beam by exerting a 300-N force on the rope
which passes through a hole in the beam as shown. Calculate the torque
(couple) M supported by the pin. [Engineering Mechanics Statics 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige,
prob.3/49]
Mg (200)(9.81) N
mg (80)(9.81) N
= 300 N
2 Free-body diagram
FBD
mg
Fy 0
N mg T 0
y
N 80(9.81) 300 1084 .8 N
x T N
MA 0 CCW+
M
N M Mg (1.2) N (1.8) T ( 2.1) 0
Ax
M 200(9.81)(1.2) 1084 .8(1.8)
T
Ay Mg 300( 2.1)
T T M 4937.04 N
4.94 kN Ans
T
FBD
N (
2 N )
3 Ax, Ay M
mg
y y mg
x x
T N
M M
N
Ax Ax T
T T
Ay Mg Ay Mg T
MA 0 CCW+
M Mg (1.2) T (1.8) mg (1.8) T ( 2.1) 0
M 200(9.81)(1.2) 300(1.8) 80(9.81)(1.8) 300( 2.1)
M 4937.04 N
4.94 kN Ans
3/3
1. The man pushes the lawn mower at a steady speed with a force P that is parallel to
the incline. The mass of the mower with attached grass bag is 50 kg with mass
center at G. If = 15 , determine the normal forces NB and NC under each pair of
wheels B and C. Neglect friction. Compare with the normal forces for the conditions
of = 0 and P = 0. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige]
(Ans NB = 214 N, NC = 260 N
With = P = 0: NB = 350 N, NC = 140.1 N)
2. The exercise machine is designed with a lightweight cart which is mounted on small
rollers so that it is free to move along the inclined ramp. Two cables are attached to
the cart-one for each hand. If the hands are together so that the cables are parallel
and if each cable lies essentially in a vertical plane, determine the force P which
each hand must exert on its cable in order to maintain an equilibrium position. The
mass of the person is 70 kg, the ramp angle is 15 , and the angle is 18 .
In addition, calculate the force R which the ramp exerts on the cart. [Engineering
(Ans P = 45.5 N, R = 691 N)
1 2
3. The indicated location of the center of mass of the 1600-kg pickup truck is for the
unladen condition. If a load whose center of mass is x = 400 mm behind the rear
axle is added to the truck, determine the mass mL of the load for which the normal
forces under the front and rear wheels are equal. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th edition,
Meriam & Kraige]
(Ans mL = 244 kg)
3 4
4. The small crane is mounted on one side of the bed of a pickup truck. For the
position = 40º, determine the magnitude of the force supported by the pin at O
and the oil pressure p against the 50-mm-diameter piston of the hydraulic cylinder
BC. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige]
(Ans FO = 4.14 kN, p = 2.58 MPa)
5. Pulley A delivers a steady torque (moment) of 100 Nm to a pump through its shaft
at C. The tension in the lower side of the belt is 600 N. The driving motor B has a
mass of 100 kg and rotates clockwise. As a design consideration, determine the
magnitude R of the force on the supporting pin at O. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th
edition, Meriam & Kraige]
(Ans R = 1.167 kN)
6. The uniform 400-kg drum is mounted on a line of rollers at A and a line of rollers at
B. An 80-kg man moves slowly a distance of 700 mm from the vertical centerline
before the drum begins to rotate. All rollers are perfectly free to rotate, except one
of them at B which must overcome appreciable friction in its bearing. Calculate the
friction force F exerted by that one roller tangent to the drum and find the magnitude
R of the force exerted by all rollers at A on the drum for this condition. [Engineering
(Ans F = 305 N, R = 3770 N)
5 6
(Statics)
3 ( 2)
Section B
3/4
(1)
R F 0 M M 0 (1)
(1)
F 0 Fx 0, Fy 0, Fz 0 (2)
M 0 Mx 0, My 0, Mz 0 (3)
(2) (3) Free-body diagram

(pictorial view drawing)
2 ( 3/6 Engineering
Mechanics Statics fifth edition SI version J. L. Meriam L. G. Kraige)
(2) (3) 6
3 6
1
1
N
2
F
1 [1]
3 y
z y z x
4 Ball-and-socket joint
x, y z
5 ( )
x, y z
6 (Thrust-bearing support)
3 x, y, z
5 6
(6 5 )
2
1. (Concurrent at a point) 3
x, y z
2. (Concurrent with a line)

2 2 5
x (
)
x x
3. (Parallel) 3 2
( M r F
)
4. (General)
4 2
2 3 [1]
3 (3 ) [1]
Constraints and Statical Determinacy

3 3
3(a) 3
x, y z 1-6, 3-4 3-5 3
3 3(a)
(Adequate constraints)
3(b) 6 3(a)
AE
AE
AE
(Partial constraints)
3(c) 6
x z y
y
3(d) 3(a) 3(d) 7

6 3(a)
7
(Redundant constraints)
3 6 6
Statically indeterminate
1.
2. FBD
3.
4.
( )=( )( )
5.
M (r F) 0
6.

3/3 A rectangular sign over a

store has a mass of 100 kg, with
the center of mass in the center of
the rectangle. The support against
the wall at point C may be treated
as a ball-and-socket joint. At
corner D support is provided in
the y-direction only. Calculate the
tension T1 and T2 in the supporting
wires, the total force supported at
C, and the lateral force D
supported at D. [Engineering Mechanics
Statics 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige,
prob.3/90]
FBD
6 3
A(0,-1.5,2.5)
B(0,1.5,2.5)
C(0,0,-1)
D(0,0,0)
E(4,0,0) T1 T2
D
F(2.5,0,0) F Cx
E
Cy
x, Cz
y, z
mg
( 4iˆ 1.5 ˆj 2.5kˆ) T1

T1 T1nˆ EA T1 ( 4iˆ 1.5 ˆj 2.5kˆ)
42 1.52 2.52 4.9497
( 2.5iˆ 1.5 ˆj 2.5kˆ) T2

T2 T2 nˆ FB T2 ( 2.5iˆ 1.5 ˆj 2.5kˆ)
2.5 2
1.5 2
2.5 2 3.8406
MC 0 r1 T1 r2 T2 mg (2) ˆj D(1)( iˆ) 0 (1)
r1 C T1 ( E)
r2 C T2 ( F)
T1 T1
r1 T1 (4iˆ kˆ) ( 4iˆ 1.5 ˆj 2.5kˆ) (1.5iˆ 14 ˆj 6kˆ)
4.9497 4.9497
T2 T1
r2 T2 (2.5iˆ kˆ) ( 2.5iˆ 1.5 ˆj 2.5kˆ) ( 1.5iˆ 8.75 ˆj 3.75kˆ)
3.8406 3.8406
(1)
T1 T2
(1.5iˆ 14 ˆj 6kˆ) ( 1.5iˆ 8.75 ˆj 3.75kˆ)
4.9497 3.8406
100(9.81)(2) ˆj Diˆ 0 (2)
I, j, k 0
(2)
T1 T2
(1.5) ( 1.5) D 0
4.9497 3.8406
T1 T2
( 14) ( 8.75) 100(9.81)(2) (3)
4.9497 3.8406
T1 T2
( 6) (3.75) 0
4.9497 3.8406
(3)
T1 = 346.83 N, T2 = 430.586 N, D = -63.064 N Ans
3
x, y, z3
x, y, z
T1 T2
346.83
T1 ( 4iˆ 1.5 ˆj 2.5kˆ) 280.284iˆ 105.106 ˆj 175.177kˆ
4.9497
430.586
T2 ( 2.5iˆ 1.5 ˆj 2.5kˆ) 280.286iˆ 168.171 ˆj 280.286kˆ
3.8406
Fx 0 Cx 280.284 280.286 0
Cx 560.57 N
Fy 0 C y 105.106 168.171 63.064 0
Cy 0 N
Fz 0 C z 175.177 280.286 100(9.81) 0
Cz 525.537 N
C 560.57 2 0 525.537 2 768.39 N Ans

3/4
1. The light right-angle boom which supports the 400-kg cylinder is supported by three
cables and a ball-and-socket joint at O attached to the vertical x-y surface.
Determine the reactions at O and the cable tensions. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th
edition, Meriam & Kraige]
(Ans Ox = 1962 N, Oy = 0 N, Oz = 6540 N
TAC = 4810 N, TBD = 2770 N, TBE = 654 N)
2. The awning window is temporarily held open in the 50º position shown by a wooden
prop CD. If a = 0.8 m and b = 1.2 m and the mass of the window is 50 kg with
mass center at its geometric center, determine the compressive force FCD in the
prop and all components of the forces exerted by the hinges A and B on the
window. Assume that A is a thrust-bearing hinge but that hinge B is not. [Engineering
(Ans Ax = -140.9 N, Ay = 118.2 N, Az = -92.0 N
Bx = -47.0 N, By = 285 N, FCD = 227 N)
1 2
Statics/ Chapter 5 Distributed Forces 5-1
(Statics)
5/1
Concentrated force
1(a)
1(b)
1 [1]
1(c) C
3
1. (Line Distribution)
2(a)
N/m
2. (Area Distribution)
2(b)
N/m2 Pa
3. (Volume Distribution)
Body force
N/m3
2 [1]
5/2
(Center of mass)
(Center of gravity)
3
1. 3(a)
3(d) 2
W T
2. B 3(b)
1
(B-G)
G C G
T
FBD
(d)
3 [1]
4(a) G
( x , y, z ) y
dW
G
y G 2
(1)
=
( x)dW x dW xW (1)
x x ( )
W
x x
(1)
( x)dW
x (2)
W
y z
( y )dW ( z )dW
y , z (3)
W W
4 [1]
W mg g
dW ( g )dm (4)
(4) (3) (2)
( x)dm ( y )dm ( z )dm
x , y , z (5)
m m m
(x,y,z)
r xiˆ yˆj zkˆ 3 (5)
r
(r )dm
r (6)
m
5/3 Centroids of Lines, Areas, and Volumes

(5)
( x) dV ( y ) dV ( z ) dV
x , y , z
V V V
( x)dV ( y )dV ( z )dV
x , y , z (7)
V V V
V
x , y z (7) x , y
z (Centroid) Centroid 3
1 Centroid
Centroid 5(a)
A (7)
( x) Adl ( y ) Adl ( z ) Adl
x , y , z
Al Al Al
( x)dl ( y )dl ( z )dl
x , y , z (8)
l l l
5(a) Centroid
(a) (b)
5 [1]
2 Centroid
Centroid 5(b)
t (7)
( x)tdA ( y )tdA ( z )tdA
x , y , z
At At At
( x)dA ( y )dA ( z )dA
x , y , z (9)
A A A
3 Centroid (7)
1 Centroid
1 Centroid [1]
5/4 Composite body
(a) (b)
6 Composite body [1]
6(a)
6(b) 1 2 3 4
6(b) (
Centroid)
= ( 1+ 2- 3- 4)
X ( A1 A2 A3 A4 ) A1 x1 A2 x 2 A3 x3 A4 x 4
A1 x1 A2 x 2 A3 x3 A4 x 4
X
( A1 A2 A3 A4 )
X
x
A
1 2 3 4
1 2
3 4
Composite body
mx my mz
X , Y , Z (10)
m m m
m V A
5/5 Pappus
Pappus
1.
7 [1]
dA (2 y )dL
A 2 ydL (11)
ydL y L (11)
A 2 yL (12)
y Centroid
L
2 (13)
A yL (13)
2.
8 [1]
dV (2 y )dA
V 2 ydA (14)
ydA y A (14)
V 2 yA (15)
y Centroid
A
2 (16)
V yA (16)
5/1 The thickness of the triangle plate varies linearly with y from a value t0
along its base y = 0 to 2t0 at y = h. Determine the y-coordinate of the center of
mass of the plate. [Engineering Mechanics Statics 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige, prob.5/29]
b-x
1. y
y y
t t0 t0 t0 (1 )
h h
2.
x b b
x y
y h h
h h
y y by
V t0 (1 )(b x)dy t0 (1 )(b )dy
0 h 0 h h
h
y2
V bt0 (1 2 )dy
0
h
Centroid
=
h h
y2 y
Y bt0 (1 2 )dy yt0 (1 )(b x)dy
0 h 0 h
h 2 h
y y3
Y bt 0 (1 )dy bt0 ( y )dy
0
h2 0
h2
3h
Y Ans
8
5/2 The two circular arcs AB and BC are revolved about the vertical axis to
obtain the surface of revolution shown. Compute the area A of the outside of
this surface. [Engineering Mechanics Statics 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige, prob.5/81]
1
2
Pappus
2 1 AB
2 BC
Pappus A yL
2r
y
y1 2 50
1 y1 (100 )
y2 2 50
2 y2 (100 )
2 50 2 50
1 A1 2 (100 )( ) 3.3640 104 mm 2
4
2 50 2 50
2 A2 2 (100 )( ) 6.5055 10 4 mm 2
4
A1 A2 (3.3640 6.5055) 10 4 9.87 10 4 mm 2 Ans
5/9 Fluid statics
1.
2. 1
(Pascals law)
( )
9
9 [1]
p1, p2, p3 p4
9
(17)
x p1 dy dz p3 ds dz sin
dx dy dz
y p 2 dx dz p3 ds dz cos g (17)
2
dx dy dz
ds sin dy , ds cos dx g
2
(17)
p1 p2 p3 p (18)
(18) ( )
9 [1]
p dA g dA dh ( p dp)dA 0
dp g dh (19)
(19) h
(19)
p p0 gh (20)
p0 (h = 0)
2
N/m Pa
(20)
p pa gh (21)
pa 101.3 kPa
pg (22)
pg gh (22)
pa
pa
pg
pa
(a) (b)
10 [1]
10 10(a)
dp g dh
10(b)
pa
0
10(a)
R
3
Centroid
1.
11
11 [1]
R dR pdA
y1
R ( gh)dA ( gy cos )bdy

y2
y12 y 22 ( y1
y 2 )( y1 y2 )
R gb cos ( ) gb cos
2 2
( y1 cos y 2 cos ) h1 h2
R gbL gbL (23-1)
2 2
h
b ( )
L
h1 h2 p1 p2
R gbL bL (23-2)
2 2
2. Centroid
R ( gh)dA g hdA gh A (24-1)
hdA hA
h Centroid
R gh A p A (24-2)
p Centroid
3.
11
R dR pdA
R pbdy bpdy bdA (25)
dA pdy 11
b dA R
1-2-6-5
b 10 R
1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8
1.
11 R C B y Y
=
Y R ypdA ypbdy
Y pbdy ypbdy
ypbdy
Y (26)
pbdy
b (26)
ypdy ydA
Y (27)
pdy dA
Y Centroid 1-2-6-5 11
2.
12 [1]
1-
2-6-5 Centroid 1-2-6-5
Centroid
12
= +
Y R y1 R1 y 2 R2 (28)
Y , y1 , y2 11
2
2L L
Y ( R1 R2 ) R1 R2 (29)
3 2
Y 2
12
R
(30)
Rx b ( pdL) x b pdy Ry b ( pdL) y b pdx (30)
13 FBD
12 [1]
13 [1]
R 12(b)
( ABC 13)
R
12(b) action-reaction 3
Px Py
W
Px, Py W
R R
FBD 13
14
14 [1]
1.
R pdA g hxdy (31)
x y x y (31)
2. Centroid
R pdA g hdA
hdA hA
R gh A (32)
h Centroid A
3.
R pdA dV V (33)
V
14(b)
R Y ydR
Y pxdy ypxdy
ypxdy ydV
Y (34)
pxdy dV
(34) Centroil
1.
2.
Centroid
Centroid
3.
4.
R gh A h Centroid
Centroid
(Buoyancy)
B
A
Mg
B
F A C
F F
(d) (e) (f)
15 [1]
15 15(a)
A
B A B
15(b) B A
15(c)
15(c)
A 15(e) ( )
2 A F -
A mg
F A A
F Centroid A
B F A B
15(d) action-reaction F 15(e)
C A A
B C B F
C B C
F F
F F A
F A C
F fluid gV (35)
fluid
16 [1]
16
16(a) mg G
F B Centroid
( )
16(b) B
B
16(c)

5/3 The hydraulic cylinder operates

the toggle which closes the vertical
gate against the pressure of fresh
water on the opposite side. The gate
is rectangular with a horizontal width
of 2 m perpendicular to the paper. For
a depth h = 3 m of water, calculate
the required oil pressure p which acts
on the 150-mm-diameter piston of the
hydraulic cylinder. [Engineering Mechanics
Statics 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige, prob.5/179]
FBD
A
Ax y
Ay
mg x R
1
0.5 1
R ( gh)(h)(gate width )
2
F 1 3
R R (10 9.81 3)(3)(2) 88290 N
2
p gh
R 1/3 h
MA 0 CCW+ 1
F ( ) 2 88290 3 0
2
1 0.52
F 148066.83 N
Fx 0 F2 cos F cos 0 F2 F
F2 F Fy 0 F3 2 F sin 0
0.5
F3 2 148066.83 0
12 0.52
F3
F3 132435 N
F3 132435
p 7.494 106 Pa Ans
d2 4 (150 10 3 ) 2 4
5/4 A deep-submersible diving chamber designed in the form of a spherical

shell 1500 mm in diameter is ballasted with lead so that its weight slightly
exceeds its buoyancy. Atmospheric pressure is maintained within the sphere
during an ocean dive to a depth of 3 km. The thickness of the shell is 25 mm.
For this depth calculate the compressive stress which acts on a diametral
section of the shell, as indicated in the right-hand view. [Engineering Mechanics
Statics 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige, prob.5/167]
FBD
C R
x
FBD x
R gh A
h Centroid 3 km
A
1.52
R (1030)(9.81)(3 103 )( )
4
D2 ( D 50 10 3 ) 2
F
4 4
Fx 0 R F 0
1.52 1.52 (1.5 50 10 3 ) 2

(1030)(9.81)(3 103 )( ) 0
4 4 4
462.4 MPa Ans

5/5 A block of wood in the form of a waterproofed 400 mm cube is floating in

a tank of salt water with a 150 mm layer of oil floating on the water. Assume
that the cube floats in the attitude shown, and calculate the height h of the
block above the surface of the oil. The density of oil, salt water, and wood are
900, 1030, and 800 kg/m3, respectively. [Engineering Mechanics Statics 5th edition,
FBD
mg
Boil
x
Bwater
Fy 0
mg Boil Bwater 0
wood gVwood oil gVoil water gVwater 0
800 A(400) 900 A(150) 1030 A(400 150 h) 0
h 70.39 mm Ans
5/9
1. A fresh-water channel 3 m wide (normal to the plane of the paper) is blocked at its
end by a rectangular barrier, shown in section ABD. Supporting struts BC are
spaced every 0.6 m along the 3-m width. Determine the compression C in each
strut. Neglect the weights of the members. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th edition, Meriam
& Kraige]
(Ans C = 2.83 kN)
2. The hinged gate ABC closes an opening of width b (perpendicular to the paper) in a
water channel. The water has free access to the underside as well as the right of
the gate. When the water level rises above a certain value of h, the gate will open.
Determine the critical value of h. Neglect the mass of the gate. [Engineering Mechanics
(Ans h a 3)
1 2
3. A flat plate seals a triangular opening in the vertical wall of a tank of liquid of
density . The plate is hinged about the upper edge O of the triangle. Determine the
force P required to hold the gate in a closed position against the pressure of the
liquid. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige]
gab a
(Ans P h )
6 2
4. The upstream side of an arched dam has the form of a vertical cylindrical surface of
240-m radius and subtends an angle of 60 . If the fresh water is 90 m deep,
determine the total force R exerted by the water on the dam face. [Engineering Mechanics
(Ans R = 9.54 GN)
3 4
Statics/ Chapter 6 Friction 6-1
(Statics)
6/1
( , Bearing)
6/2
3
1. Dry Friction
Coulomb friction
2. Fluid Friction
Fluid Friction ( )
3. Internal Friction
(Cyclical loading)
Dry Friction
1 Dry Friction [1]
6/3 Dry Friction

Mechanism of Dry Friction
m 1(a) P
FBD 1(b)
F P
P
P R F N
1(d) P F
P
F P
P
1(c)
2 R1, R2 R3
R1, R2 R3
R1, R2 R3
R R1, R2 R3 ( n)
( t) N F 1(b)
(
)
(Static Friction)
1(d)
Fmax s N (1)
(1)
(F s N)
(Kinematic Friction)
FK k N (2)
S k
(Friction Angles)
mg
P
N
2
FBD m P
2 N F N F
N F
F
tan (3)
N
P F
S S
Fmax N
tan S
S
S (4)
N N
N
tan k
k
k (5)
N
3
1.
F Fmax s N
2.
F FK k N
3.
1.
2. F ( F F Fmax s N
)
3. F F
F s N
F s N
F s N

4/1
6/1 The 30-kg homogeneous cylinder of
400-mm diameter rests against the vertical
and inclined surfaces as shown. If the
coefficient of static friction between the
cylinder and the surface is 0.3, calculate the
applied clockwise couple M which would
cause the cylinder to slip. [Engineering
Mechanics Statics 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige, prob.6/8]
Free-body diagram
M N2
O
W F
F1 F2
y W mg (30)(9.81) N
N1 30º
Fx 0
x F1 cos 30 N1 sin 30 N2 0 (1)
Fy 0 N1 cos 30 F1 sin 30 F2 (30)(9.81) 0 (2)
MO 0 CW+ M F1 (0.2) F2 (0.2) 0 (3)
M O
F1 N1 0 .3 N 1 F2 N2 0 .3 N 2
F1 F2 (1) (2)
0.3N1 cos 30 N1 sin 30 N2 0
(0.3 cos 30 sin 30 ) N1 N 2 0 (4)

N1 cos 30 0.3 N1 sin 30 0.3 N 2 (30)(9.81) 0
(cos 30 0.3 sin 30 ) N1 0.3 N 2 (30)(9.81) (5)

(3) (4)
N1 311.7691 N
N2 236.8846 N
N1 N2 (3)
M (0.3)(311.7691)(0.2) (0.3)( 236.8846)(0.2) 0
M 32.9 Nm Ans
4/2
6/2 Determine the smallest couple moment which can be applied to the 20-N
( 2-kg) wheel that will cause impending motion. The cord is attached to the
30-N ( 3-kg) block, and the coefficients of static friction are B = 0.2 and D
= 0.3. [Engineering Mechanics Statics 11th edition, R.C.Hibbeler, prob.8/46]
0.15 m
C
M
0.3 m
0.15 m
B D
Free-body diagram
20N 30N
T T
y
x
M
FB FD E
B
x NB ND
Free-body diagram
Fx 0 T FB 0 (1)
Fy 0 NB 20 0; NB 20 N (2)
Fx 0 FD T 0 (3)
Fy 0 N D 30 0; ND 30 N (4)
moment 3
1. ( )
2. ( )
3. ( )
FB Fmax B NB 0.2(20) 4 N
(1) T FB 4N
(3) FD T FB 4N
( FD ) max D ND 0.3(30) 9 N
FD 4N (FD)max
9N
ND
ND E
ND
ND
ND
30(0.15) 0.15
ME 0 CW+ ND ( x) T (0.3) 0
2 2
2.25 30(0.075 x) 4(0.3) 0
x 0.04 m
x 0.04 m
E ND
MB 0 M T (0.3) 0
M 4(0.3) 1.2 Nm Ans
4/3
6/3 The industrial truck is used to move the
solid 1200-kg roll of paper up the 30
incline. If the coefficients of static and
kinetic friction between the roll and the
vertical barrier of the truck and between the
roll and the incline are both 0.40, compute
the required tractive force P between the
tires of the truck and the horizontal surface.
[Engineering Mechanics Statics 5th edition, Meriam &
Kraige, prob.6/43]
Free-body diagram
mg Fx 0
FA P N sin 30 FB cos 30 0 (1)
A O Fy 0
P
B
FB N cos 30 FA FB sin 30 mg 0 (2)
y MO 0 CCW+
N
30º
FA r FB r 0; FA FB (3)
x
2
A B
B FB N (4)
FA FB ; (4) (3) (2)

N cos 30 N N sin 30 mg 0
mg 1200(9.81)
N 44251.416 N
cos 30 sin 30 cos 30 0.4 0.4 sin 30
N (1) P
P N sin 30 N cos 30
P (44251.413) sin 30 0.4(44251.413) cos 30 37454.8456 N
P B
FA
(FA)max
(3) FA FB N 0.4(44251.413) N
( FA ) max P 0.4(37454.8456) N
FA (FA)max
B
A
FA ( FA ) max P
(1) N sin 30 P FB cos 30 (5)

(2) N cos 30 FA FB sin 30 mg (6)
P FB cos 30
(5)/(6) tan 30 (7)
FA FB sin 30 mg
FA FB P
P P cos 30
(7) tan 30
P P sin 30 mg
P
mg tan 30
P
1 cos 30 tan 30 (1 sin 30 )
(1200)(9.81) tan 30
P
1 0.4 cos 30 0.4 tan 30 (1 sin 30 )
P 22125.7 N 22.1 kN Ans

1. The light bar is used to support the 50-kg block in its vertical guides. If the
coefficient of static friction is 0.3 at the upper end of the bar and 0.4 at the lower
end of the bar, find the friction force acting at each end for x = 75 mm. Also find the
maximum value of x for which the bar will not slip. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th edition,
Meriam & Kraige]
(Ans FA = FB = 126.6 N, xmax = 86.2 mm)
2. A block of mass m0 is placed between the vertical wall and the small ideal roller at
the upper end A of the uniform slender bar of mass m. The lower end B of the bar
rests on the horizontal surface. If the coefficient of static friction is s at B and also
between the block and the wall, determine a general expression for the minimum
value min of for which the block will remain in equilibrium. Evaluate you
expression for s = 0.5 and m/m0 = 10. For these conditions, check for possible
slipping at B. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 5th edition, Meriam & Kraige]
2 m0
(Ans min tan 1
, min 21.8 )
sm
1 2
3. Determine the normal force P that must be exerted on the rack to begin pushing the
100-kg pipe shown in Figure up the 20º incline. sA = 0.15, sB =0.4. [Engineering
Mechanics STATICS 11th edition, R.C.Hibbeler]
(Ans P = 498 N)
4. Two blocks A and B, each having a mass of 6 kg, are connected by the linkage
shown. If the coefficient of static friction at the contacting surfaces is s = 0.5,
determine the largest vertical force P that may be applied to pin C of the linkage
without causing the blocks to move. Neglect the weight of the links. [Engineering
th
Mechanics STATICS 11 edition, R.C.Hibbeler]
(Ans P = 23.887 N)
C B
P
A 30º
30º
3 4
5. Block C has a mass of 50-kg and is confined between two walls by smooth rollers.
If the block rests on top of the 40-kg spool, determine the minimum cable force P
needed to move the spool. The cable is wrapped around the spools inner core. The
coefficients of static friction at A and B are A=0.3 and B=0.6. [Engineering Mechanics
STATICS 11th edition, R.C.Hibbeler]
(Ans P = 589 N)
6. Three boxes are placed on the incline in contact with each other and released from
rest. The coefficients of static friction under boxes A, B, and C are 0.30, 0.20, and
0.35, respectively. Describe what happens. [Engineering Mechanics STATICS 10th edition,
R.C.Hibbeler]
(Ans A B C )
5 6

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2103213 1

Engineering Mechanics STATICS Engineering Mechanics DYNAMICS

Engineering Mechanics STATICS DYNAMICS Meriam Kraige

2/3 ................................................................................................... 2-5

2/7 ................................................................................................. 2-29

3/2 Free-body diagram........................................................................... 3-1

3/4 ..................................................................................................... 3-21

Vector = V or V V (same magnitude but

V V2 V12 V22 2V1V2 cos( )

Vx V cos x lV , Vy V cos y mV , Vz V cos z nV

[1] J.L.Meriam and L.G.Kraige, Engineering mechanics STATICS fifth edition SI

(a) (b) (c)

(a) (b) (c)

2/1 Determine the components of the

2/2 The cable AB prevents bar OA

TAB n-t TAB

180 120 33.6705 26.3295

Tt t TAB cos 750 cos 26.3295

Tn n TAB sin 750 sin 26.3295

2/3 The guy cables AB and AC are

[1] J.L.Meriam and L.G.Kraige, Engineering mechanics STATICS fifth edition SI

Translation Translation + Rotation

(The Cross Product)

6 Varignon theorem [1]

2/4 The force exerted by the plunger of cylinder AB on the door is 40 N

MO (40 cos )(75 10 3 ) (40 sin )(400 25) 10 3

2/5 The spring-loaded follower A

M Fl cos k (l sin x0 )(l cos )

M kl (l sin cos x0 cos )

80(1 2 sin 2 ) 40 sin 0

sin = 0.8431, -0.5931

Add to the system

(a) (b) (c) (d)

2/6 Calculate the moment of the 1200-N

A M A 1200 sin (0.6) M

[1] J.L.Meriam and L.G.Kraige, Engineering mechanics STATICS fifth edition SI

Ax 400 cos 30 346.4101N

M 400(2.5) 500(2.5) 500(5) 500(7.5) 250(10)

[1] J.L.Meriam and L.G.Kraige, Engineering mechanics STATICS fifth edition SI

B : (1.5, 2.1, 0.45)

BC : BC 0.3iˆ 2.1 ˆj 0.45kˆ

TBC 442.56iˆ 3098.88 ˆj 664.05kˆ Ans

cos x (0.1383iˆ 0.9684 ˆj 0.2075kˆ) (iˆ)

cos y (0.1383iˆ 0.9684 ˆj 0.2075kˆ) ( ˆj )

cos z (0.1383iˆ 0.9684 ˆj 0.2075kˆ) (kˆ)

M [(r F ) nˆ ]nˆ (6)

Varignon (Varignons Theorem in Three Dimensions)

[1] J.L.Meriam and L.G.Kraige, Engineering mechanics STATICS fifth edition SI

A : (0.7, 0.45cos20º, -0.45sin20º) (0.7, 0.4229, -0.1539)

AB : AB 0.35iˆ 0.4229 ˆj 0.5539kˆ

TAB TAB nˆ AB 143.4( 0.4488iˆ 0.5423 ˆj 0.7103kˆ)

TAB 64.3579iˆ 77.7658 ˆj 101.857kˆ

MO 31.1063iˆ 61.3931 ˆj 27.2180kˆ

Mx M O iˆ (31.1063iˆ 61.3931 ˆj 27.2180kˆ) iˆ

3 Wrench resultant [1]

4 Wrench resultant [1]

[1] J.L.Meriam and L.G.Kraige, Engineering mechanics STATICS fifth edition SI

R 1002 100 2 100 2

Wrench resultant P x-z

MP 100( z )iˆ 100(0.4 x)kˆ 100(0.3)kˆ 100(0.4 z ) ˆj 20 ˆj

6 Varignon theorem [1]

Varignon (Varignons Theorem in Three Dimensions)