Overvoltage Surge Protection - Technical Note, Europe and APAC
Overvoltage Surge Protection - Technical Note, Europe and APAC
Overvoltage Surge Protection - Technical Note, Europe and APAC
2017
Overview
The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe proper protection of SolarEdge products in the field from overvoltage
surges caused by lightning strikes, grid overvoltage events and ground faults. Properly installed surge protection can reduce
the likelihood of permanent damage to inverter components, Control and Communication Gateways (CCGs), communication
devices and interconnected meters.
Rapidly changing currents create electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) that radiate and create current and voltage “surge” when
passing over conductive elements like electrical wires, communication lines, or metallic pipes. These surges may result in
the destruction of delicate electronics and semiconductors. Devices known as surge protectors (SPD) or transient voltage
surge suppressors (TVSS) connected to these conductors can route these transient currents to the ground, protecting the
equipment from damage.
SolarEdge recommends that all three phase inverters be installed with external surge protection devices (SPDs) on the AC,
RS485, and Ethernet lines to mitigate the effect of environmental factors which are beyond SolarEdge’s control and which
fall outside of SolarEdge’s limited product warranty (http://solaredge.com/groups/service/warranty).
One effect of a direct lightning strike is increased ground potential – when the lightning strikes a building or a lightning rod,
high current flows to the ground and the ground potential rises. This creates a potential difference between ground and
external conductors, leading to surge behavior.
Electrostatic Induction
Thunderclouds contain negative charges in their lower sections. These high negative charges can induce high positive
charges within nearby cables, especially power lines and communication cables.
During discharge of the thundercloud (lightning), the positive charge accumulated in the cable is released, resulting in a
surge in the cable in both directions.
For inverters with an integrated fuse box, internal fuses should be bypassed in order to connect an SPD, and external string
fuses should be connected.
SolarEdge recommends the Citel DS50VGPVS-1000 (or equivalent) for 277/480V inverters
and the Citel DS50VGPVS-500 for 208V inverters: Citel DS50VGPV Series.
Installation specifications:
l Devices must be mounted outside of the inverter and in a NEMA Type 3R or higher
enclosure for outdoor applications
l Each string can have an individual SPD, or multiple strings may be combined in a
combiner box prior to wiring into the SPD
AC Side
SolarEdge recommends the Citel DS74US-277Y/G (or equivalent) for 277/480V inverters
and the Citel DS74US-120Y/G (or equivalent) for 208V inverters: Citel DS70U Range.
Installation specifications:
l Maximum wire length (not physical distance) between the SPD and the protected
inverters: 9 m / 30 feet
l Many SPDs are DIN rail mountable, and should be mounted in a NEMA Type 3R or
higher enclosure for outdoor applications, usually in the distribution panel closest to
the inverters
l Multiple inverters can be connected to the same SPD if they share the same grid
connection
Communications Lines
Power lines are not the only conductive cables that provide a path for voltage surges into inverter electronics. The
communication lines (RS485 and Ethernet) should also be protected using external surge protection.
l For three phase inverters, an RS485 Surge Protection Device is available from SolarEdge. Refer to the datasheet for
technical specifications and a part number. Installation instructions are supplied with the SPD.
l Commercial three phase inverters (SE50K or higher) are supplied with built-in RS485 SPD that protects the RS485-1
bus.
l For other types of communications lines (for example, Ethernet, or RS485 in single phase inverters), SolarEdge
recommends using external surge protection devices on each communication line when the following conditions
apply:
l The distance between devices is more than 10 m / 33 feet
l There is a risk of induced surges
When possible, it is recommended to mount the communications SPD inside the SolarEdge inverter DC Safety Switch.
Otherwise, when routing communication wires near AC and DC power lines, ensure that the conductor insulation used in
the communications wires is rated as follows:
l When routing near DC power lines: 600V
l When routing near AC power lines: 300V
When routing communication wires from the DC Safety Switch into the inverter through the DC or AC power conduits, you
may also put an insulating sleeve over the conductors – an example can be found here:
http://www.evita.lt/en/vpvc9_53-polivinilchlorido-pvc-izoliacinis-vamzdelis-9_53mm-1m-600v-105c
NOTE
It is not advisable to route communication lines in the same conduit as DC or AC power lines external to the inverter.
Instead, a separate conduit should be provided, using one of the DC Safety Switch knockouts as a point of entry.
For three phase inverter applications, SolarEdge recommends the SE-RS485-SPD2-K1 RS485
Surge Protection Device (SPD).
l Nominal Discharge Current: In(8/20)μs 5 kA
l Maximum Discharge Current: Im ax(8/20)μs 15 kA
For other types of applications, an alternative to the above RS485 SPD is the ZJBENY BUD-
40/3 SPD.
l Nominal Discharge Current: In(8/20)μs 20 kA
l Maximum Discharge Current: Im ax(8/20)μs 40 kA
An additional alternative to the RS485 SPD is the Citel DLA-12D3 (CItel DLA Series) or
equivalent: