Experiment No.

Aim: To study about Cloud Environment - Types of cloud and company of services

Theory : Cloud computing means storing and accessing the data and programs on remote
servers that are hosted on the internet instead of computer’s hard drive or local server.
Cloud computing is also referred to as Internet based computing.

Cloud Computing Architecture:

Cloud computing architecture refers to the components and sub components required for
cloud computing. These component typically refer to:
1. Front end (fat client, thin client)
2. Back end platforms (servers,storage)
3. Cloud based delivery and a network (Internet, Intranet, Inter cloud).

The front end of cloud architecture is a web browser on a mobile phone or computer. The
front end is used by the end-user to access the service from the server. Usually, it is a web
application or a web browser that uses the internet to access the server by cloud clients.
The front end in cloud architecture is GUI for clients. Different Service providers may
have different interfaces.

Main components of Front end in cloud Architecture are

● Cloud client
● Mobile or PC
● Web browser
● Internet connection

The back end is the part that is not visible for cloud clients. Because it is server-side in a
cloud architecture that is controlled and maintained by Cloud service providers. It is the
responsibility of the backend to provide security mechanisms. As it is made of
computers, servers and storage media to provide services.

Main components of Back end in cloud Architecture are

● Cloud Application
● Cloud Services
● Cloud Storage
● Cloud Management
● Cloud Security
● Cloud infrastructure

Cloud computing is an Internet-based computing in which shared pools of resources are

available over a broad network access, these resources can be provisioned or released
with minimum management efforts and service provider interaction.
There are four types of cloud:
1. Public cloud
2. Private cloud
3. Hybrid cloud
4. Community cloud

Public cloud:
Public clouds are managed by third parties which provide cloud services over the internet
to the public, these services are available as pay-as-you-go billing mode.
They offer solutions for minimizing IT infrastructure costs and act as a good option for
handling peak loads on the local infrastructure. They are a goto option for small
enterprises, which are able to start their businesses without large upfront investments by
completely relying on public infrastructure for their IT needs.
A fundamental characteristic of public clouds is multi tenancy. A public cloud is meant to
serve multiple users, not a single customer. A user requires a virtual computing
environment that is separated, and most likely isolated, from other users.

Private cloud :
Private clouds are distributed systems that work on a private infrastructure and provide
the users with dynamic provisioning of computing resources. Instead of a pay-as-you-go
model as in public clouds, there could be other schemes that take into account the usage
of the cloud and proportionally billing the different departments or sections of an
enterprise.
The advantages of using a private cloud are:
 1. Customer information protection: In private cloud security concerns are less
since customer data and other sensitive information does not flow out of a
private infrastructure.
2. Infrastructure ensuring SLAs: Private cloud provides specific operations
such as appropriate clustering, data replication, system monitoring and
maintenance, and disaster recovery, and other uptime services.
3. Compliance with standard procedures and operations: Specific procedures
have to be put in place when deploying and executing applications according to
third-party compliance standards.This is not possible in case of public cloud.

Hybrid cloud:
Hybrid cloud is a heterogeneous distributed system resulting from combining facilities of
public cloud and private cloud. For this reason they are also called heterogeneous
clouds.
A major drawback of private deployments is the inability to scale on demand and to
efficiently address peak loads. Here public clouds are needed. Hence, a hybrid cloud
takes advantage of both public and private cloud.
Community cloud:
Community clouds are distributed systems created by integrating the services of different
clouds to address the specific needs of an industry, a community, or a business sector.
In community cloud, the infrastructure is shared between organization which have shared
concerns or tasks. The cloud may be managed by an organization or a third party.
Sectors that use community clouds are:
1. Media industry: Media companies are looking for quick, simple, low-cost
ways for increasing efficiency of content generation.Most media productions
involve an extended ecosystem of partners. In particular, the creation of digital
content is the outcome of a collaborative process that includes movement of
large data, massive compute-intensive rendering tasks, and complex workflow
executions.
2. Healthcare industry: In healthcare industry community clouds are used to
share information and knowledge on the global level with sensitive data in the
private infrastructure.
 3. Energy and core industry: In these sectors, the community cloud is used to
cluster a set of solutions which collectively addresses management,
deployment, and orchestration of services and operations.
4. Scientific research: In this organization with common interests of science
share large distributed infrastructure for scientific computing.

TYPES OF CLOUD SERVICES

Most cloud computing services fall into three broad categories:
1. Software as a service (Saas)
2. Platform as a service (PaaS)
3. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
4. Anything as a service (XaaS)
These are sometimes called the cloud computing stack, because they are build on top of
one another. Knowing what they are and how they are different, makes it easier to
accomplish your goals.
1. SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is a way of delivering services and applications over the
Internet. Instead of installing and maintaining software, we simply access it via the
Internet, freeing ourselves from the complex software and hardware management.It
removes the need to install and run applications on our own computers or in the data
centers eliminating the expenses of hardware as well as software maintenance.
SaaS provides a complete software solution which you purchase on a pay-as-you-go
basis from a cloud service provider.Most SaaS applications can be run directly from a
web browser without any downloads or installations required.The SaaS applications are
sometimes called Web-based software, on-demand software, or hosted software.

Advantages of SaaS :
1. Cost Effective : Pay only for what you use
2. Reduced time : Users can run most SaaS apps directly from their web browser without
needing to download and install any software.This reduces the time spent in installation
and configuration, and can reduce the issues that can get in the way of the software
deployment.
3. Accessibility : We can Access app data from anywhere.
4. Automatic updates : Rather than purchasing new software, customers rely on a SaaS
provider to automatically perform the updates.
5. Scalability : It allows the users to access the services and features on demand.
The various companies providing software as a service are Cloud9 Analytics,
Salesforce.com, Cloud Switch, Microsoft Office 365, Eloqua, dropBox and Cloud Tran .

2. PLATFORM AS A SERVICE
PaaS is a category of cloud computing that provides a platform and environment to allow
developers to build applications and services over the internet. PaaS services are hosted
in the cloud and accessed by users simply via their web browser.
A PaaS provider hosts the hardware and software on its own infrastructure. As a result,
PaaS frees users from having to install in-house hardware and software to develop or run
a new application.Thus, the development and deployment of the application takes place
independent of the hardware.
The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including
network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed
applications and possibly configuration settings for the application-hosting environment.

Advantages of PaaS :
1. Simple and convenient for users : It provides much of the infrastructure and other IT
services, which users can access anywhere via a web browser.
2. Cost Effective : It charges for the services provided on a per-use basis thus eliminating
the expenses one may have for on-premises hardware and software.
3. Efficiently managing the lifecycle : It is designed to support the complete web
application lifecycle: building, testing, deploying, managing and updating.
4. Efficiency : It allows for higher-level programming with reduced complexity thus, the
overall development of the application can be more effective
The various companies providing Platform as a service are Amazon Web services,
Salesforce, Windows Azure, Google App Engine, cloud Bess and IBM smart cloud.
3. INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a service model that delivers computer infrastructure
on an outsourced basis to support various operations. Typically IaaS is a service where
infrastructure is provided as an outsource to enterprises such as networking equipment,
devices, databases and web servers.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is also known as Hardware as a service
(HaaS).IaaS customers pay on a per-use basis, typically by the hour, week or month.
Some providers also charge customers based on the amount of virtual machine space they
use.
It simply provides the underlying operating systems, security, networking, and servers for
developing such applications, services, and for deploying development tools, databases,
etc.

Advantages of IaaS :
1. Cost Effective : Eliminates capital expense and reduces ongoing cost and IaaS
customers pay on a per use basis, typically by the hour, week or month.
2. Website hosting : Running websites using IaaS can be less expensive than traditional
web hosting.
3. Security : The IaaS Cloud Provider may provide better security than your existing
software.
4. Maintenance : There is no need to manage the underlying data center or the
introduction of new releases of the development or underlying software. This is all
handled by the IaaS Cloud Provider.
The various companies providing Infrastructure as a service are Amazon web services,
Bluestack, IBM, Openstack, Rackspace and Vmware.

4. Anything AS A SERVICE
Most of the cloud service providers nowadays offer anything as a service that is a
compilation of all of the above services including some additional services.
Advantages of XaaS :
All of the above advantages

SilverOS:

SilveOS or Silverlight operating system is a free cloud OS who makes confidence and
comfort to transfer files online. In this Silverlight operating system, all the application is
installed on a remote server with a facility to use a browser. The user has no pain to
install any software and can share, drag and drop. Beside desktop taskbar, start menu and
sidebar it provides facility like File Explorer, Internet Explorer, Video Player, Rich text
editor, RSS reader, Notepad, Paint, Twitter client, Flickr viewer, Youtube viewer, Virtual
Earth, Chat, Calculator, Games like Chess, Solitaire, Spider and Minesweeper, etc.
OnWorks
OnWorks is a free hosting provider that allows you to run your workstations only using
your web browser. Our workstations can be based on a lot of kind of Operative Systems
like CentOS, Fedora, Ubuntu and Debian. OnWorks is a multi-device platform so that our
customers can run and test any type of OS from everywhere. It is simple, full of features,
light and easy to use by our customers. OnWorks is your cloud computing provider where
you can enjoy a lot of type of workstations, and run them free of charge. The
workstations are installed with SW for Office, Graphics, Videos, Games and so on.
Conclusion : Thus, we studied the cloud environment, cloud architecture and cloud
services.