DEC 50122~

EMBEDDED ROBOTIC
CHAPTER 1 ~ INTRODUCTION TO
ROBOTICS
&
CONTROLLER

CLO 1 – Explain clearly the concept and fundamentals of mobile

robotic, embedded controller, application of sensor and actuator
and robot driving methods in mobile robot design. (C4)
SUBTOPIC …

1) What is a robot ? (Definition)

2) Describe mobile robot
3) Law of robotic
4) The historical development of robotics
(Evolution of mobile robot)
5) Modern uses for robotic (Application &
Significance)
6) Robotic in future
Definition of Robotics
•Robots have become a subject of
great interest nowadays.
•Robots are, in fact, defined as :-
man-made mechanical devices that
can move by themselves, whose
motion must be planned and
controlled.
behaviour can be influenced by
“programming”.
 DEFINITION OF ROBOTICS

“A robot is a re-programmable, multifunctional

machine designed to manipulate materials, parts,
tools, or specialized devices, through variable
programmed motions for the performance of a
variety of tasks."
Robotics Industries Association

"A robot is an automatic device that performs

functions normally ascribed to humans or a
machine in the form of a human."
Websters Dictionary
History of Robots
 The acclaimed Czech
playwright Karel Capek made
the first use of the word ‘robot’,
from the Czech word for forced
labor or serf.
 The word 'robotics' was first
used in Runaround, a short
story published in 1942, by Isaac
Asimov.
 But it was not until 1956 that a
real robot came into existence.
Isaac Asimov
 History of Robotics
• Mobile
Robotics moved into its own in 1983
when Odetics introduced this six-legged vehicle
which was capable of climbing over objects.
The First Robot
 After the technology explosion
during World War II, in 1956,
George C. Devol, Norman
Schafler and Joseph F.
Engelberger and made a serious
and commercial effort to
produce a robot.
 They started a firm named
Unimation and succeeded in
building the 1st robot named
Unimate.
 Joseph F. Engelberger is known
Unimate Puma500 as the ‘Father of Robotics’
Manipulator
The Unimate – First Industrial Robot
 It was first used in General Motors.
 It basically to extract die-castings from die casting machines and to
perform spot welding on auto bodies, both tasks being particularly
hateful jobs for people.
 Robots offer specific benefits to workers and industries. If
introduced correctly, industrial robots can improve the quality of
life by freeing workers from dirty, boring, dangerous and heavy
labor.
Types of Robots

 The types of robots are: -

1) Mobile robots.
2) Industrial robots
3) Autonomous robots
4) Remote-controlled
robots.
Mobile Robots
 A mobile robot is a
combination of various
physical (hardware) and
computational
(software) components.
Mobile Robotics

 In terms of hardware components, a mobile robot can be

considered:
– Locomotion – how the robot moves through its
environment
– Sensing – how the robot measures properties of
itself and its environment
– Reasoning – how the robot maps the measurements
into actions
– Communication – how the robot communicates
with an outside operator.
MOBILE ROBOT

The classification of mobile

robot types:
a) Land
b) Aerial
c) Underwater
MOBILE ROBOT

Locomotion is the process of causing an autonomous robot to

move
In order to produce motion, forces must be applied to the
vehicle
Industrial Robots
 Most of these robots perform
repeating tasks without ever
moving.
 Most robots are working in
industries. Especially dull and
repeating tasks are suitable for
robots.
 A robot never grows tired; it
will perform its duty day and
night without ever complaining.
Autonomous Robots
 Autonomous robots are self-
supporting.
 They run a program that
gives them the opportunity to
decide on the action to
perform depending on their
surroundings.
 At times, these robots even
learn new behavior. They
start out with a short routine
and adapt this routine to be
more successful at the task
they perform. The most
successful routine will be
repeated .
Remote-controlled Robots
 In case a robot needs to perform
more complicated yet
undetermined tasks an
autonomous robot is not the
right choice.
 Complicated tasks are still best
performed by human beings
with real brainpower. A person
can guide a robot by remote
control. A person can perform
difficult and usually dangerous
tasks without being at the spot
where the tasks are performed.
Dante 2, a NASA robot designed to
explore volcanoes via remote control.
The Future of Robotics
 To demonstrate advances in
research and stimulate
scientists, a RoboCup soccer
competition is held a few times
every year.
 Recognizing teammates, the
goals, the ball is a difficult task
for the robots. Thus, it becomes
a challenge for them.
 Laws of Robotics
Law Zero:
A robot may not injure humanity, or, though inaction, allow
humanity to come to harm.
Law One:
A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction,
allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a
higher order law.
Law Two:
A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except
where such orders would conflict with a higher order law.
Law Three:
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection
does not conflict with a higher order law.
 Modern uses for robotics
• Exploration
- Robots are sent to explore dangerous places that
humans are unable to reach.

• Industry
-Robots can do many things
faster than humans plus they do
not have to be paid like a human.
 Modern uses for robotics
Medicine
•

-There have been many advances in medical technology in the

recent years due to robots. Robots are more accurate & precise
than humans.
• Military & Police
-The military & police forces
use robots to go places where
they might be injured or killed.
They also use robots to find
bombs and land mines.
 Robotics of the Future
New Techniques
-walking robots
-biomedical engineering
-tele-operation
-Internet robotics
-micro and nano-robotics

New Applications
-tele operated robotics (space, surgery)
-service robots (teaching, retail, fast food -outlets,
bank tellers, garbage collection, security guards,
cleaning vehicles etc )
 Robotics of the Future
• The first may be a small, very self-sufficient robot
vacuum cleaner that maps a residence, plans its own
routes and schedules, keeps itself charged and empties
its dust bag when necessary into a larger container,
working for months unattended.
 Robotics of the Future
• Larger machines with manipulator arms and
the ability to perform several different tasks
may follow, culminating eventually in human-
scale "universal" robots that can run
application programs for most simple chores.
 Robotics of the Future
• By 2030, a second generation of robots is expected to
appear with mammal like brainpower and cognitive ability.
They will have conditioned learning mechanisms, the ability
to learn from past experiences, and the ability to adapt to
different circumstances.
• A third generation will think like small primates and
maintain physical, cultural and psychological models of their
world.
• A fourth generation will be more humanlike and have the
ability to abstract and reason from the world model.
 Discussion Topics

•Can robots think?

• Will robots really be able to do all the things

expected of them in the future?

• Will robots eventually be able to take the place of

humans?

• Do you think it’s worth spending the money to

research robots for military & police usage?