WELDED TANKS FOR OIL STORAGE 8-5

8.2 Magnetic Particle Examination

8.2.1 When magnetic particle examination is specified, the method of examination shall be in accordance with
Section V, Article 7, of the ASME Code.

8.2.2 Magnetic particle examination shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure that is certified by
the Manufacturer to be in compliance with the applicable requirements of Section V of the ASME Code.

8.2.3 The Manufacturer shall determine that each magnetic particle examiner meets the following requirements.

a) Has vision (with correction, if necessary) to be able to read a Jaeger Type 2 standard chart at a distance of not
less than 300 mm (12 in.) and is capable of distinguishing and differentiating contrast between the colors used.
Examiners shall be checked annually to ensure that they meet these requirements.

b) Is competent in the technique of the magnetic particle examination method, including performing the examination
and interpreting and evaluating the results; however, where the examination method consists of more than one
operation, the examiner need only be qualified for one or more of the operations.

8.2.4 Acceptance standards and the removal and repair of defects shall be in accordance with Section VIII, Annex
6, Paragraphs 6-3, 6-4, and 6-5, of the ASME Code.

8.3 Ultrasonic Examination

8.3.1 Ultrasonic Examination in Lieu of Radiography

When ultrasonic examination is applied in order to fulfill the requirement of 7.3.2.1, the provisions of Annex U shall
apply.

8.3.2 Ultrasonic Examination NOT in Lieu of Radiography

8.3.2.1 When the radiographic method is applied in order to fulfill the requirement of 7.3.2.1, then any ultrasonic
examination specified shall be in accordance with this section.

8.3.2.2 The method of examination shall be in accordance with Section V, Article 4, of the ASME Code.

8.3.2.3 Ultrasonic examination shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure that is certified by the
Manufacturer to be in compliance with the applicable requirements of Section V of the ASME Code.

8.3.2.4 Examiners who perform ultrasonic examinations under this section shall be qualified and certified by the
Manufacturers as meeting the requirements of certification as generally outlined in Level II or Level III of ASNT SNT-
TC-1A (including applicable supplements). Level-I personnel may be used if they are given written acceptance/
rejection criteria prepared by Level-II or Level-III personnel. In addition, all Level-I personnel shall be under the direct
supervision of Level-II or Level-III personnel.

● 8.3.2.5 Acceptance standards shall be agreed upon by the Purchaser and the Manufacturer.

8.4 Liquid Penetrant Examination

8.4.1 When liquid penetrant examination is specified, the method of examination shall be in accordance with
Section V, Article 6, of the ASME Code.

8.4.2 Liquid penetrant examination shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure that is certified by the
Manufacturer to be in compliance with the applicable requirements of Section V of the ASME Code.
8-6 API STANDARD 650

8.4.3 The Manufacturer shall determine and certify that each liquid penetrant examiner meets the following
requirements.

a) Has vision (with correction, if necessary) to enable him to read a Jaeger Type 2 standard chart at a distance of not
less than 300 mm (12 in.) and is capable of distinguishing and differentiating contrast between the colors used.
Examiners shall be checked annually to ensure that they meet these requirements.

b) Is competent in the technique of the liquid penetrant examination method for which he is certified, including
making the examination and interpreting and evaluating the results; however, where the examination method
consists of more than one operation, the examiner may be certified as being qualified for one or more of the
operations.

8.4.4 Acceptance standards and the removal and repair of defects shall be in accordance with Section VIII, Annex
8, Paragraphs 8-3, 8-4, and 8-5, of the ASME Code.

8.5 Visual Examination

8.5.1 The Manufacturer shall determine and certify that each visual examiner meets the following requirements.

a) Has vision (with correction, if necessary) to be able to read a Jaeger Type 2 standard chart at a distance of not
less than 300 mm (12 in.) and is capable of passing a color contrast test. Examiners shall be checked annually to
ensure that they meet this requirement; and

b) Is competent in the technique of the visual examination, including performing the examination and interpreting and
evaluating the results; however, where the examination method consists of more than one operation, the
examiner performing only a portion of the test need only be qualified for the portion that the examiner performs.

8.5.2 A weld shall be acceptable by visual examination if the inspection shows the following.

a) There are no crater cracks, other surface cracks or arc strikes in or adjacent to the welded joints.

b) Maximum permissible undercut is 0.4 mm (1/64 in.) in depth for vertical butt joints, vertically oriented permanent
attachments, attachment welds for nozzles, manholes, flush-type openings, and the inside shell-to-bottom welds.
For horizontal butt joints, horizontally oriented permanent attachments, and annular-ring butt joints, the maximum
permissible undercut is 0.8 mm (1/32 in.) in depth.

c) The frequency of surface porosity in the weld does not exceed one cluster (one or more pores) in any 100 mm
(4 in.) of length, and the diameter of each cluster does not exceed 2.5 mm (3/32 in.).

d) The reinforcement of the welds on all butt joints on each side of the plate shall not exceed the following
thicknesses:

Maximum Reinforcement Thickness

≤ 13 (1/2) 2.5 (3/32) 3 (1/8)

> 13 (1/2) to 25 (1) 3 (1/8) 5 (3/16)

> 25 (1) 5 (3/16) 6 (1/4)

MANDATORY APPENDIX 8
METHODS FOR LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION (PT)

NOTE: Satisfactory application of this method of examination requires (a) A linear indication is one having a length greater
special skills in the techniques involved and in interpreting the re than three times the width.
sults. The requirements specified herein presume application by sui
tably experienced personnel. (b) A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical
shape with the length equal to or less than three times
the width.
8-1 SCOPE (c) Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be re-
examined to determine whether or not they are relevant.
(a) This Appendix describes methods which shall be
employed whenever liquid penetrant examination is spe-
cified in this Division.
(b) Article 6 of Section V shall be applied for detail re- 8-4 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS
quirements in methods, procedures and qualifications, un-
less specified within this Appendix. These acceptance standards shall apply unless other
(c) Liquid penetrant examination shall be performed in more restrictive standards are specified for specific mate-
accordance with a written procedure, certified by the rials or applications within this Division.
Manufacturer to be in accordance with the requirements All surfaces to be examined shall be free of:
of T‐150 of Section V. (a) relevant linear indications;
(d) Documentation showing that the required examina-
(b) relevant rounded indications greater than 3/16 in.
tions have been performed and that the results are accep-
(5 mm);
table shall be made available to the Inspector.
(c) four or more relevant rounded indications in a line
separated by 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) or less (edge to edge).
8-2 CERTIFICATION OF COMPETENCY OF
NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
PERSONNEL
8-5 REPAIR REQUIREMENTS
The manufacturer shall certify that each liquid pene-
trant examiner meets the following requirements. Unacceptable imperfections shall be repaired and reex-
(a) He has vision, with correction if necessary, to enable amination made to assure removal or reduction to an ac-
him to read a Jaeger Type No. 2 Standard Chart at a dis- ceptable size. Whenever an imperfection is repaired by
tance of not less than 12 in. (300 mm), and is capable of chipping or grinding and subsequent repair by welding
distinguishing and differentiating contrast between colors is not required, the excavated area shall be blended into
used. These requirements shall be checked annually. the surrounding surface so as to avoid sharp notches, cre-
(b) He is competent in the techniques of the liquid pene- vices, or corners. Where welding is required after repair of
trant examination method for which he is certified, includ- an imperfection, the area shall be cleaned and welding
ing making the examination and interpreting and performed in accordance with a qualified welding
evaluating the results, except that, where the examination procedure.
method consists of more than one operation, he may be (a) Treatment of Indications Believed Nonrelevant. Any
certified as being qualified only for one or more of these indication which is believed to be nonrelevant shall be re-
operations. garded as an imperfection unless it is shown by reexami-
nation by the same method or by the use of other
nondestructive methods and/or by surface conditioning
8-3 EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS that no unacceptable imperfection is present.
An indication of an imperfection may be larger than the (b) Examination of Areas From Which Defects Have Been
imperfection that causes it; however, the size of the indica- Removed. After a defect is thought to have been removed
tion is the basis for acceptance evaluation. Only indica- and prior to making weld repairs, the area shall be exam-
tions with major dimensions greater than 1/1 6 in. ined by suitable methods to ensure it has been removed or
(1.5 mm) shall be considered relevant. reduced to an acceptably sized imperfection.

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 2013 SECTION VIII - DIVISION 1 8-5

(c) Reexamination of Repair Areas. After repairs have and by all other methods of examination that were origin-
been made, the repaired area shall be blended into the sur- ally required for the affected area, except that, when the
rounding surface so as to avoid sharp notches, crevices, or depth of repair is less than the radiographic sensitivity re-
corners and reexamined by the liquid penetrant method quired, reradiography may be omitted.

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