Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Institute of Engineering Science

MAK 536E Advanced Computer Aided Design
Midterm Exam, March 18, 2015
Instructor: Hikmet Kocabas Time: 90 minutes
1. (10) Write down the list of hardcopy device technologies.

1- pin printer,
2- impact printer,
3- dot matrix printer
4- inkjet printer (piezoelectric jet,
thermal bubbles, drop, continuous)
5- laser printer (black/white, color)

6- pen plotter (flatbed, grit drive,

drum, pinfeed)
7- inkjet plotter (drop on demand,
continuous)

8- xerographic photocopy

9- 3D printing, stereolithography
(STL)

2. (10) Explain how you can distinguish between actual intersections (A),
intersections (B) of projected (extended) lines, and no intersection (C) as illustrated
in the figure below.
You must check whether u and v parameters of lines are within 0 to 1 limits for
intersection or not for projected intersection. If there is no parameter solution so
that lines should be parallel to each other.

for the start end extension: u,v<0

and last end extension 1<u,v
3. (15) Write down the modification methods of a NURBS (nonuniform
rational b-spline) curve.
NURBS curve uses control points for approximate form, or points on curve for
interpolate form. Maximum curve degree is (n-1), where n is the number of points.
The curve degree and weights are defined by user. Local control of the curve is
possible. Positions of the control points, the curve degree, the weights of control
points may be changed to modify the curve shape. Multiple control points may be
used to modify the shape of the curve.
4. (15) How do you interpolate the data points by using spline curve?

Multiple cubic spline curve segments are blended or joined end to end each other by
using second order (radius of curvature and tangent) continuity. This interpolated
curve passes through all of the given data points.

5. (20) Apply scale (2.5 x , 1.5 y) and rotate (-70 degree about left bottom corner)
transformation matrix operation to rectangle formed by end points P1 (1,1), P2 (3,1),
P3 (3,3), P4 (1,3). Sketch the resulting figure.

1 3 3 1 1
P   1 1 3 3 1 
 
1 1 1 1 1

1 0 1  2.5 0 0 
T   0 1 1  S   0 1.5 0 
   
0 0 1  0 0 1
 cos( θ) sin( θ) 0 
θ  70 deg R   sin( θ) cos( θ) 0 
 
 0 0 1
scaled rectangle
1 6 6 1 1
P1'  T S T
1
P P1'   1 1 4 4 1 
scaled and rotated rectangle
 
1 1 1 1 1 1
P2'  T R S T P
 6
 1 2.71 5.529 3.819 1 
P2'   1 3.698 2.672 2.026 1 
5
4  
1 1 1
P 
T 3
1 1 1

2
1
 P1' T
1

 0
 P2'T  1  1
2
3
4
 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 0 0
     
P
T
 P1'
T
 P2'
T

6. (20 points) Consider the following rational cubic Bezier curve in the xy plane: P0=(0,6),
P1=(3,6), P2=(6,3), P3=(6,0), user defined weights: w0=1, w1=3, w2=4, w3=1.
Compute the points q(0.3), p(0.3) on two curves.
q(u) = (1 - u)3 P0 + 3 u (1 - u)2 P1 + 3 u2 (1 - u) P2 + u3 P3
n

 B(u)inwiPi
i 0
p( u) =  1 
n

 B(u)inwi
3
w   
4
i 0 1
 
i
n  10 i  0  n u 
i n

rational cubic bezier curve

Control Points :
 0 6

0 3 6 6 3 6
P  stack p p p p  P 
T T T T
p    p    p    p   
0 6 1 6 2 3 3 0  0 1 2 3  6 3
6 
 0
p1( u )  ( 1  u )  p  u  p
0 1

2 2
p2( u )  p  ( 1  u )  p  2  u  ( 1  u )  p  u
0 1 2

p2( u )  ( 1  u ) ( 1  u )  p  u  p  u  ( 1  u )  p  u  p
 0 1
  1 2

p30 ( u )  ( 1  u )  ( 1  u )  ( 1  u )  p  u  p  u  ( 1  u )  p  u  p
  0 1
  1 2

p3( u )  p  u  ( 1  u )  ( 1  u )  p  u  p  u  ( 1  u )  p  u  p
0   1 2
  2 3

3 2 2 3
q ( u )  p  ( 1  u )  p  3  u  ( 1  u )  p  3  u  ( 1  u )  p  u
0 1 2 3

 1 3 3 1 

U( u )  u 3
u
2
u 1 
3 6 3 0  0 1
B   q ( u )  U( u )  B P x ( u )  q ( u ) y ( u )  q ( u )
 3 3 0 0
1 
 0 0 0 i i  
X  x u 0 0
i i  
Y  y u 0 0

n i n i
n  3 C( n i)  B( i n u )  C( n i)  u  ( 1  u ) v  0.3
i  ( n  i)

 q ( 0.3)  ( 2.619 5.271 )

n iT
B( i n u)  w   PT  
  i 
Rational Bezier i 0
p ( u )  p ( 0.3)  ( 3.539 5.008 )
Curve Equation: n

 B(i n u)wi p03  stack( q ( 0.3) p ( 0.3) )

i 0

 2.619 5.271 
p03   
 3.539 5.008 

Rational Bezier Curve Rational Bezier Curve weights

7
6 n  iT
B( i n v )  w   PT    ( 8.667 12.264 )
P
1
5   i 
p ui 0 1 4 i 0

Y 3 B( 0 n v )  0.343

1 2 n
p03 B( 1 n v )  0.441
1  B(i n v)wi  2.449
0 i 0 B( 2 n v )  0.189

1 B( 3 n v )  0.027

1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0
P p ui 0 0 X p03

n i n i
i  0  v  ( 1  v)  0.343
i  ( n  i)
 n i n i
i  1  v  ( 1  v)  0.441
i  ( n  i)

n i n i
i  2  v  ( 1  v)  0.189
i  ( n  i)

n i n i
i  3  v  ( 1  v)  0.027
i  ( n  i)

10

 1  ui
3 2
Bezier Weights B( 1 n 0.7)  0.189  3.025 3  0.3 ( 1  0.3)  0.441
i 0

n i n i 3
i  0  ( 0.3)  ( 1  0.3)  0.343 ( 1  0.3)  0.343
i  ( n  i)

n i n i 2
i  1  ( 0.3)  ( 1  0.3)  0.441 3  0.3 ( 1  0.3)  0.441
i  ( n  i)

n i n i 2
i  2  ( 0.3)  ( 1  0.3)  0.189 3  ( 0.3)  ( 1  0.3)  0.189
i  ( n  i)

n i n i 3
i  3  ( 0.3)  ( 1  0.3)  0.027 ( 0.3)  0.027
i  ( n  i)

Bezier Curve 0  0.343  3  0.441  6  0.189  6  0.027  2.619

6  0.343  6  0.441  3  0.189  0  0.027  5.271