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To study effect of comber noil percentage on yarn quality

Article · May 2011

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To study effect of comber noil

percentage on yarn quality
 
 
 
 
 
 
By: Baviskar Dipali, P.P.Raichurkar,
S.P.Bandopadhyay, Ashok Akade, &
P.M.Pachhade 
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To study effect of comber noil percentage on yarn quality

By: Baviskar Dipali, P.P.Raichurkar, S.P.Bandopadhyay, Ashok Akade, & P.M.Pachhade

Abstract

Combing is a process by which quantity of short fibres and remnant fragments of impurities present in
a carded or drawn sliver are minimized to give a clean sliver, having more of a rectangular staple
diagram, with vast majority of constituent fibres in a straightened and parallel state. Combing,
therefore, makes possible the spinning of yarns of fine counts with low irregularities and a clear
appearance, combing also results in stronger, smoother and more lustrous yarns.

In overall spinning process combing operation serves to improve raw material quality by removing
noil. The extraction of noil has directly affected on cost, it is not possible to increase noil beyond
certain limit. From both economical and quality point of view selection of optimum level of noil
extraction is necessary. Keeping this view in mind an attempt has been made to reduce nep level in
combing process by adjusting the noil percentage, and to get improvement in yarn quality. Trails has
been carried out with three different noil percentage, 18%, 20% and 22%, to make the yarn from
counts 35sCW (Tex 16.85), 40s CH (Tex 14.76) respectively with same process parameters from
blow room to ring frame as well as mixing.

Key words- difference in comber noil percentages, yarn quality

Introduction

A clear understanding of what happens during the combing process is indispensable if optimal
production values are to be obtained with the adjustment facilities offered by the machine. The first
section of this chapter is therefore devoted to the theory of combing as first defined by Gegauff. It
refers in particular to the correlation between the staple diagram and percentage of waste, as well as
the interdependence of the waste percentage, the setting distance of the detaching rollers and the
amount of material fed.

The modern combing technology has under gone sea changes in its various dimensions but the main
object remained the same, fractionation of fibres and removal of impurities and neps is now more
efficient in spite of poor quality cotton. The important development in combing has to be viewed in
increase in production with better quality. The improvement had been the result of excellent
engineering and technological innovations and modification.

Combing is the process which is used to upgrade the raw material. It influences the yarn qualities such
as yarn evenness, strength, cleanness, smoothness and visual appearance. For getting an improvement
in yarn quality combing must be proper resulting in the Elimination of short fibers, Elimination of
remaining impurities & Elimination of neps.

The basic operation of the comber is to improve the mean length or staple length by removing the
short fibers.
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Material and methods

The raw material have used shanker -6 cotton (40s new-1). There are three variables of comber noil
percentages have selected, 18%, 20% and 22%, and to make yarn sample of 16.87tex (35s CW) and
14.76tex (40s CH) count by using following mixing details according to plan.

Mixing details

Sr no Fibre properties Parameters

1 Mixing 40snew-1(S6)

2 UHML 28.5mm

3 MIC 3.83

4 Maturity ratio 0.86

5 Uniformity ratio 83.35

6 Short fibre content 7.02

7 Gram pre tex 30.24

8 Elongation 5.99

9 Rd 79.77

10 +b 8.73

The trials have carried out on comber LK54 from Lakshmi machines. The processing steps and
machinery used are shown in plan.
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Plan of work

Blow room 

Selection of the mixing 

Carding LC300A 

Draw frame breaker D/F 

Unilap LH10 

Comber LK54 

Noil‐18%  Noil‐20%  Noil‐22% 

Finisher draw frame 

Speed frame 

Ring frame 

16.87tex  14.76tex 
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Literature review

To produce an improvement in quality, the comber must perform the following operations:

a. Elimination of a precisely pre-determine length of short fibres.

b. Elimination of the reaming impurities.
c. Elimination of a large proportion (not all) of the neps in the fibre.
d. Formation of a sliver having maximum possible evenness

Comber sub –categories:

In general, comber can be divided into two categories:

a) Combers with feed during the backward stroke, that is the material is fed
whilst the nippers is rocking backwards.
b) Combers with feed during the forward stroke, that is the material is fed
whilst the nipper is rocking forward, or during detaching.

Combers provided with a supplementary feed (withdrawal feed) merely represent amplification of the
above mentioned groups (a and b).

For the more theoretical observations which follows, the shape of the staple diagram has been reduced
to a right angled triangle (fig.1) furthermore the following are employed

Fig,1
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Backward feed compared with forward feed

Since in the formula the amount of feed A/2 is added in the one case and subtracted in the other and
assuming that the material, detaching distance and amount of feed remain the same in both cases very
considerable differences in values result from a calculated comparison of the two methods of feed. In
theory, difference of 10-12% is obtained. Measurements in actual practices have, however, shown that
the forward feed produces, on average,5-6% less waste.

Fmax (maximum fibre length in mm) = 40 mm

L (detaching distance) =17

A (amount of fed per nip) =5.6 mm

Backward feed-

Percentage = (17+5.6/2)2/402*100 =24.5%

Forward feed-

Percentage = (17-5.6/2)2/402*100 =12.6%

Test result and discussion

1. Comber sliver U% test results

Quality parameters 18%-noil 20%-noil 22%-noil

U% 4.79 4.43 4.14

Cvm 1mtr% 1.31 1.26 1.10

Nep cnt/gm 22 19 15

Short fibre content 10.6 9.6 8.6

Fig.1- comber sliver U% Fig.2- Cvm 1mtr

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Fig.4- short fibre content

Fig.3- nep cnt/gm

2. RSB sliver U% test results-

Quality parameters 18%-noil 20%-noil 22%-noil

U% 1.79 1.61 1.53

Cvm1m% 0.46 0.36 0.25

Nep cnt/gm 23 21 17

Short fibre content 11.8 11 9.1

Fig.5- RSB sliver U% Fig. 6- RSB Cvm 1m%

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Fig.7- RSB nep cnt/gm Fig.8- RSB short fibre content

3.Ring yarn test results of 16.87tex (35sCW) count for different noil %-

Quality parameters 18%-noil 20%-noil 22%-noil

U% 9.88 9.77 9.50

Total IPI 81 65 41

RKM 20.33 20.85 21.11

Elogation % 3.25 3.61 4.65

Single yarn strength 343.1 351.7 373.1

Cvm 12.58 12.33 11.98

Fig .9- U% of 16.87tex count Fig .10- total IPI of 16.87tex count
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Fig .11- RKM of 16.87tex count Fig.12- elongationof 16.87tex count

Fig .13-sys of 16.87tex count Fig 14-cvm of 16.87tex count

4. Ring yarn test results of 14.76tex (40CH)count for different noil %

Quality parameters 18%-noil 20%-noil 22%-noil

U% 10.11 10.08 9.87

Total IPI 94.5 70.5 52.5

RKM 19.58 19.75 20.29

Elongation 3.64 3.74 3.90

Single yarn stength 289.1 291.5 299.6

Cvm1mtr 12.76 12.70 12.42

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Fig.15 - U% of 14,76tex count Fig.16- total IPI of 14.76tex count

Fig.17- RKM of 14.76tex count Fig.18 -elogation of 14.76tex count

Fig.19 - SYS of 14.76tex count Fig.20- cvm of 14.76tex count

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Summary and conclusion

Improvement % of counts16.87tex ( 35s Ne) &14.76tex( 40s Ne) at cop yarn stage-

16.87tex (35s CW) 14.76tex (40s CH)

Parameters 18% comber 22% Difference 18% comber 22% comber Difference
noil comber noil % noil noil %

U% 9.88 9.50 3.84 10.11 9.87 2.37

Total IPI 81 41 49 94.0 52.5 44

RKM(g/tex) 20.33 21.11 3.83 19.58 20.29 3.62

Elongation 3.25 4.65 43 3.64 3.90 7.1

%

CVm% 12.58 11.98 4.79 12.76 12.42 2.66

Tenacity 343.1 373.1 8.7 289.1 299.6 3.6

Conclusion

From the above three trial results with different noil levels (18%, 20% and 22%), yarn results
improvement observed better with 22 % noil extraction as compared with 18% and 20%.
Improvement observed in U%, IPI level, RKM, SYS, Elongation, for both the counts.

References

1. W.Klein.by- A practical guide to combing and drawing, Page no 1to11.

A. R.Khare by- element of combing, Page no 33 to 167.

2. T.V.Ratnam by- quality control in spinning, Page no 73 to 82,114.

3. P.V.Kadole, P.B.Malakane and M.C.Burji by –modern development in card and

comber, Page no 1- 10

4. Lakshmi manual. Page no 11 to 56.

The authors are associated with NMIMS, MPSTME, Centre for Textile Functins, Shirpur.

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