DELHI

TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY
PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS
LAB FILE

Name- Priyanshu Verma

Roll no- 2k21/B9/06
Aim 1: Write a program to calculate simple interest.

Source Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float principle, time, rate, SI;
printf("Enter principle value: ");
scanf("%f", &principle);

printf("Enter time duration(in year): ");

scanf("%f", &time);

printf("Enter the rate: ");

scanf("%f", &rate);

/* Calculate simple interest */

SI = (principle * time * rate) / 100;

printf("Simple Interest = %f", SI);

return 0;
}
Output:
Aim 2: Write a C program to find greatest of 10 numbers.

Source Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num[10],max,i=0,j=1;

printf("\nEnter 10 numbers\n");
for(i=0;i<10;i++,j++)
{
printf("Enter number %d - ",j);
scanf("%d", &num[i]);
}

max=num[0];
i=0,j=1;

for(i=0;i<9;i++)
{
if(max<num[i+1])
{
max = num[i+1];
}
}

printf("\nThe largest number is %d \n",max);

 return 0;

Output:
Aim3: Write a program to find whether the entered number is prime.

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num, i, a = 0;
printf("Enter any number:");
scanf("%d", &num);
for (i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
a++;
}
}

if (a == 2) {
printf("Entered number is a Prime number");
}
else {
printf("Entered is not a Prime number");
}
return 0;
}
Output :
Aim 4: Write a program to print half pyramid.
*

**
***
****
*****

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int i, j, rows;

printf("Enter the number of rows: ");

scanf("%d", &rows);
for (i = 1; i <= rows; ++i) {
for (j = 1; j <= i; ++j) {
printf("* ");
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

Output :
AIM 5: write a program to print inverse half pyramid.

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int i, j, rows;
printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
for (i = rows; i >= 1; --i) {
for (j = 1; j <= i; ++j) {
printf("* ");
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

Output:
Aim 6: Write a program to find sum of a 5 digit number.

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int n, sum = 0;

printf(“Enter the number - ”);

scanf("%d", &n);

while(n>=1) {

sum += n % 10;

n = n / 10;

printf("Sum of digits is - %d", sum);

return 0;

Output :
Aim 7: Write a program to reverse a 5 digit number.

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main(){

int n, reverse = 0, remainder;

printf("Enter an integer: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

while (n != 0) {

remainder = n % 10;

reverse = reverse * 10 + remainder;

n /= 10;

printf("Reversed number = %d", reverse);

return 0;

Output :
Aim 8: Write a program to convert decimal to binary.

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int num, rem, binary = 0, place = 1;

printf("Enter any number :");

scanf("%d", &num);

while (num > 0)

rem = num % 2;

binary += rem * place;

place *= 10;

num /= 2;

printf("Binary equivalent of %d is %d", num, binary);

return 0;

Output :
Aim 9: Write a program to convert binary to decimal.

Source Code:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int binary, rem, deci = 0, base = 1;

printf("Enter the Binary Number = ");

scanf("%d", &binary);

int temp = binary;

while(temp > 0)

rem = temp % 10;

deci = deci + rem * base;

temp = temp / 10;

base = base * 2;

printf("The Binary number(%d) in Decimal value = %d\n", binary, deci);

return 0;

}
Output :
Aim 10: Write a program to implement switch case statement to generate a
menu-driven program

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{
int statement;
int a,b,c;

printf("Enter the 1st no. - \n");

scanf("%d", &a);

printf("Enter the 2nd no. - \n");

scanf("%d", &b);

printf("1)Addition \n");
printf("2)Subtraction\n");

printf("3)Multiplication \n");
printf("4)Division \n");

printf("Enter the value:");

scanf("%d", &statement);

switch(statement)
 {
case 1:

c=a+b;
break;
case 2:

c=a-b;
break;
case 3:

c=a*b;
break;
case 4:

c=a/b;
break;
}

printf("%d", c);
return 0;
}

Output :
Aim 11: Write a program to generate the Fibonacci sequence.

Source Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=0,b=1,c,i,number;
printf("Enter the no. of terms you want:\n");
scanf("%d",&number);
printf("\n%d %d", a,b);
for(i=2;i<number;++i)
{
c=a+b;
printf(" %d",c);
a=b;
b=c;
}
printf("\nThe %d term is %d", number,c);
return 0;
}

Output :
Aim 12: write a program to find maximum and minimum element of an array

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[100], i, n, max, min;

printf("Enter the size of an array : ");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter elements in an array : \n ");

for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}

max=min=a[0];
for(i=1; i<n; i++)
{
if(min>a[i]){
min=a[i];
}
if(max<a[i]){
max=a[i];
}
}
printf("\nMaximum value in array is : %d", max);
printf("Minimum value in array is : %d", min);
return 0;
}
Output :
Aim 13: Write a program to sort numbers in ascending or descending order.

Source Code:
//Ascending order
#include <stdio.h>

int main ()

int p, n, num[15];

printf ("Please enter how many numbers you want to sort - ");

scanf ("%d", &n);

printf ("\nPlease enter the numbers to be sorted in ascending order -\n");

for (int i=0; i<n; ++i)

scanf ("%d",&num[i]);

for (int i=0; i<n; ++i)

for (int j=i+1; j<n; ++j)

if (num[i] > num[j])

p= num[i];

num[i] = num[j];

num[j] = p;

}
 }

printf ("\nAscending order of entered numbers is -\n");

for (int i=0; i<n; ++i)

printf (" %d ",num[i]);

return 0;

Output :
Aim 14: Write a program to calculate the even number in an array.
Source Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[10], i;
printf("Enter any 10 array elements-\n");
for(i=0; i<10; i++)
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
printf("\nAll Even Array elements are-\n");
for(i=0; i<10; i++)
{
if(arr[i]%2==0)

{
printf(" %d ", arr[i]);
}
}
getch();
return 0;
}

Output :
Aim 15: Write a program to find the number of occurrence of every number
in an array.

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int arr[100], freq[100], i, j, count, Size;

printf(“Enter Number of elements in an array- ");

scanf("%d", &Size);

printf("\nEnter %d elements of an Array- ", Size);

for (i = 0; i < Size; i++)

scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

freq [i] = -1;

for (i = 0; i < Size; i++)

count = 1;
 for(j = i + 1; j < Size; j++)

if(arr[i] == arr[j])

count++;

freq [j] = 0;

if(freq [i] != 0)

freq [i] = count;

printf("\n Frequency of all the elements in this Array is-\n");

for (i = 0; i < Size; i++)

if(freq [i] != 0)

printf("%d - %d Times \n", arr[i], freq[i]);

 }

return 0;

Output:
Aim 16: Write a program to find multiplication of two matrix.

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int m, n, p, q, c, d, k, sum = 0;

int mat1[100][100], mat2[100][100], multiply[100][100];

printf("Enter number of rows and columns of first matrix\n");

scanf("%d%d", &m, &n);

printf("Enter elements of first matrix\n");

for (c = 0; c < m; c++){

for (d = 0; d < n; d++){

scanf("%d", &mat1[c][d]);

printf("Enter number of rows and columns of second matrix\n");

scanf("%d%d", &p, &q);

 if (n != p)

printf("The multiplication isn't possible.\n");

else

printf("Enter elements of second matrix\n");

for (c = 0; c < p; c++){

for (d = 0; d < q; d++){

scanf("%d", &mat2[c][d]);

for (c = 0; c < m; c++) {

for (d = 0; d < q; d++) {

for (k = 0; k < p; k++) {

sum = sum + mat1[c][k]*mat2[k][d];

multiply[c][d] = sum;

sum = 0;

}
 }

printf("Product of the matrices:\n");

for (c = 0; c < m; c++) {

for (d = 0; d < q; d++){

printf("%d\t", multiply[c][d]);

printf("\n");

return 0;

}
Output:
Aim 17: Write a program in C to insert New value in the array(unsorted list).

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int array[50], position, c, n, value;

printf("Enter number of elements in the array - \n");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter %d elements -\n", n);

for (c = 0; c < n; c++){

scanf("%d", &array[c]);
}

printf("Enter the location where you want to insert an new element - \n");
scanf("%d", &position);

printf("Enter the value to be inserted - \n");

scanf("%d", &value);

for (c = n - 1; c >= position - 1; c--){

array[c+1] = array[c];
}

array[position-1] = value;

printf("Resultant array is -\n");

for (c = 0; c <= n; c++){

printf("%d\n", array[c]);
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Aim 18: Write a program in C to delete an element at desired position from
an array.

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int array[100], position, i, n;

printf("Enter number of elements in array\n");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter %d elements\n", n);

for ( i = 0 ; i < n ; i++ ){

scanf("%d", &array[i]);
}

printf("Enter the location of deleting element\n");

scanf("%d", &position);

if ( position >= n+1 ){

printf("Deletion not possible.\n");
}
else
{
for ( i = position - 1 ; i < n - 1 ; i++ )
array[i] = array[i+1];

printf("Final array is\n");

for( i = 0 ; i < n - 1 ; i++ ){

printf("%d\n", array[i]);
}

}
return 0;
}
Output :
Aim 19: Write a program in C to find the second largest element in an array.

Source Code:

#include <stdio.h>

int main ()

int temp, n=5,arr[50], i, j;

printf ("Enter the size of array - ");

scanf (""%d"", &n);

printf ("\nPlease enter the numbers to be sorted as ascending order");

for (i=0; i<n; ++i){

scanf ("%d", &arr[i]);

}

for (i=0; i<n; ++i)

for (j=i+1; j<n; ++j)

if (arr [i] <arr [j])

temp= arr[i];

arr[i] = arr[j];

arr[j] = temp;

}
 }

int s = arr[1];
printf ("the second largest element is %d “, s);
return 0;

}
Output:
Aim 20:Write a program in C to find sum of right diagonals of a matrix.

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>

void main()

{
int i,j,arr1[50][50],sum=0,n;

printf("Enter the size of the square matrix : ");

scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter elements in the first matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf("element[%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i][j]);
if (i==j){
sum= sum+arr1[i][j];
}
}
}

printf("The assumed matrix is :\n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n ;j++){
printf("%d\t",arr1[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");

printf("Addition of the right Diagonal elements is :%d\n",sum);

return 0;
}
Output:
Aim 21: Write a program in C to swap two numbers using function.

Source code:
#include<stdio.h>

void swap(int, int);

int main()

int a, b;

printf("Enter values for a and b\n");

scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);

printf("\n\nBefore swapping: a = %d and b = %d\n", a, b);

swap(a, b);

return 0;

void swap(int x, int y)

int temp;

temp = x;

x = y;

y = temp;

printf("\nAfter swapping: a = %d and b = %d\n", x, y);

}
Output:
Aim 22: Write a program in C to copy the elements of one array into another
array.

Source Code :
#include<stdio.h>

int main() {

int arr1[30], arr2[30], i, num;

printf("\nEnter no of elements you want in a array :");

scanf("%d", &num);

printf("\nEnter the values in array :");

for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {

scanf("%d", &arr1[i]);

for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {

arr2[i] = arr1[i];

printf("The copied array is :");

for (i = 0; i < num; i++)

printf("\narr2[%d] = %d", i, arr2[i]);

 return 0;

Output :
Aim 23: Write a program in C to count the total number of duplicate elements
in an array.

Source Code:

#include <conio.h>

int main()

int a[100],b[100],i,j,n,c=0 ;

printf("Enter size of the array you want : ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter elements in array :\n");

for(i=0; i<n; i++)

scanf("%d",&a[i]);

for(i=0; i<n; i++)

if(a[i]!=-1)

for(j=i+1; j<n; j++)

if(a[i]==a[j])

{
 c++;

a[j]=-1;

printf("duplicate numbers in the array: %d",c);

return 0;

Output :
Aim 24: Write a program in C to merge two arrays of the same size sorted in
descending order.

Source Code :
#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int n1,n2,n3;

printf("\nEnter the size of first array- ");

scanf("%d",&n1);

printf("\nEnter the size of second array- ");

scanf("%d",&n2);

n3=n1+n2;

printf("\nEnter the sorted array elements-\n");

int a[n1],b[n2],c[n3];

for(int i=0;i<n1;i++)

scanf("%d",&a[i]);

c[i]=a[i];

int k=n1;

printf("\nEnter the sorted array elements-\n");

for(int i=0;i<n2;i++)

scanf("%d",&b[i]);

c[k]=b[i];

k++;

printf("\nThe merged array - \n");

for(int i=0;i<n3;i++)

printf("%d ",c[i]);

printf("\nAfter sorting - \n");

for(int i=0;i<n3;i++)

int temp;

for(int j=i+1; j<n3 ;j++)

if(c[i]<c[j])

temp=c[i];

c[i]=c[j];

c[j]=temp;

}
 for(int i=0 ; i<n3 ; i++)

printf(" %d ",c[i]);

return 0;

Output :
Aim 25: Write a program in C to separate odd and even integers in separate
arrays.

Source Code:
#include<stdio.h>

void display(int a[], int size);

int main(){

int size, i, a[10], even[20], odd[20];

int Ecount = 0, Ocount = 0;

printf("Enter the size of array :\n");

scanf("%d", &size);

printf("Enter the array elements:\n");

for(i = 0; i < size; i++){

scanf("%d", &a[i]);

for(i = 0; i < size; i ++){

if(a[i] % 2 == 0){

even[Ecount] = a[i];

Ecount++;

else{

odd[Ocount] = a[i];

Ocount++;
 }

printf("no. of even elements are = %d \n", Ecount);

printf("The elements that are present in an even array is: ");

display(even, Ecount);

printf("no: of odd elements are = %d \n", Ocount);

printf("The elements that are present in an odd array is: ");

display(odd, Ocount);

return 0;

void display(int a[], int size){

int i;

for(i = 0; i < size; i++){

printf("%d ", a[i]);

printf("\n");

Output :
Aim 26: Write a program to display all prime numbers in an interval.

Source code :
#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int a,b, i, flag;

printf("Enter two intervals numbers: ");

scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);

printf("Prime numbers between %d and %d are: ",a,b);

while (a<b) {

flag = 0;

if (a<= 1) {

++a;

continue;

for (i = 2; i <= a/2; ++i) {

if (a% i == 0) {

flag = 1;

break;

}
 }

if (flag == 0)

printf("%d ", a);

++a;

return 0;

Output :
Aim 27: Write a program to calculate factorial of a number using recursion.

Source Code:
#include<stdio.h>

int find_factorial(int);

int main()

int num, fact;

printf("Enter any integer number: ");

scanf("%d",&num);

fact=find_factorial(num);

printf("\nfactorial of %d is: %d",num, fact);

return 0;

int find_factorial(int n)

if(n==0)

return(1);

return(n*find_factorial(n-1));

}
Output :
Aim 28: Write a program in C for binary search using recursion.

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>

int binarySearch(int arr[], int a, int b, int item)

int mid;

if (a > b)

return -1;

mid = (a + b) / 2;

if (arr[mid] == item)

return mid;

else if (arr[mid] > item)

binarySearch(arr, a, mid - 1, item);

else if (arr[mid] < item)

binarySearch(arr, mid + 1, b, item);

int main()

int arr[] = { 10, 22, 33, 48, 70 };

 int index = 0;

int item = 0;

printf("Enter item to search: ");

scanf("%d", &item);

index = binarySearch(arr, 0, 5, item);

if (index == -1)

printf("Item not found in array\n");

else

printf("Item found at index %d\n", index);

return 0;

Output:
Aim 29: Write a program in C to calculate the power of any number using
recursion

Source Code:
#include<stdio.h>

int exp(int numb,int power)

if(power==0){

return 1;

else{

return numb*exp(numb,power-1);

int main()

int n,p,result;

printf("Enter the number-\n");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter the power-\n");

scanf("%d", &p);

result = exp(n,p);
 printf("The value is- %d", result);

return 0;

Output:
Aim 30: Write a program in C to multiply two matrices using recursion

Source Code:
#include <stdio.h>

void multiply(int, int, int [][10], int, int, int [][10], int [][10]);

void display(int, int, int[][10]);

int main()

int a[10][10], b[10][10], c[10][10] = {0};

int m1, n1, m2, n2, i, j, k;

printf("Enter rows and columns for Matrix A respectively: ");

scanf("%d%d", &m1, &n1);

printf("Enter rows and columns for Matrix B respectively: ");

scanf("%d%d", &m2, &n2);

if (n1 != m2)

printf("Matrix multiplication not possible.\n");

else

printf("Enter elements in Matrix A:\n");

for (i = 0; i < m1; i++)

 for (j = 0; j < n1; j++)

scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);

printf("\nEnter elements in Matrix B:\n");

for (i = 0; i < m2; i++)

for (j = 0; j < n2; j++)

scanf("%d", &b[i][j]);

multiply(m1, n1, a, m2, n2, b, c);

printf("On matrix multiplication of A and B the result is:\n");

display(m1, n2, c);

void multiply (int m1, int n1, int a[10][10], int m2, int n2, int b[10][10], int c[10][10])

static int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;

if (i >= m1)

return;

else if (i < m1)

 {

if (j < n2)

if (k < n1)

c[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];

k++;

multiply(m1, n1, a, m2, n2, b, c);

k = 0;

j++;

multiply(m1, n1, a, m2, n2, b, c);

j = 0;

i++;

multiply(m1, n1, a, m2, n2, b, c);

void display(int m1, int n2, int c[10][10])

int i, j;

for (i = 0; i < m1; i++)

{
 for (j = 0; j < n2; j++)

printf("%d ", c[i][j]);

printf("\n");

Output:
Aim 31:Write a program in C to get the largest element of an array using
recursion.

Source Code :
#include <stdio.h>

int largest(int list[], int lower, int upper);

int main()

int array[10] = { 23, 43, 35, 38, 67, 12, 76, 10, 34, 8 };

printf("The largest element in array: %d", largest(array, 0, 9));

return 0;

int largest(int list[], int lower, int upper)

int max;

if (lower == upper)

return list[lower];

else

max = largest(list, lower + 1, upper);

if (list[lower] >= max)

 return list[lower];

else

return max;

Output :
Aim 32: Write a program in C to find the GCD of two numbers using
recursion.

Source Code :
#include <stdio.h>

int hcf(int n1, int n2);

int main() {

int n1, n2;

printf("Enter two positive integers: ");

scanf("%d %d", &n1, &n2);

printf("GCD of %d and %d is %d", n1, n2, hcf(n1, n2));

return 0;

int hcf(int n1, int n2) {

if (n2 != 0)

return hcf(n2, n1 % n2);

else

return n1;

Output :
Aim 33: Write a program in C to store n elements in an array and print all
elements using array.

Source Code:
int main()

int arr[MAX_SIZE];

int N, i;

int * ptr = arr;

printf("Enter size of array: ");

scanf("%d", &N);

printf("Enter elements in array:\n");

for (i = 0; i < N; i++)

scanf("%d", ptr);

// Move pointer to next array element

ptr++;

ptr = arr;

printf("Array elements: ");

 for (i = 0; i < N; i++)

// Print value pointed by the pointer

printf("%d, ", *ptr);

// Move pointer to next array element

ptr++;

return 0;

Output:
Aim 34 : Write a program in C to find out maximum and minimum of some
values using function which will return an array.

Source Code :
#include <stdio.h>

int max(int num1, int num2);

int min(int num1, int num2);

int main()

int num1, num2, maximum, minimum;

printf("Enter any two numbers: ");

scanf("%d%d", &num1, &num2);

maximum = max(num1, num2); // Call maximum function

minimum = min(num1, num2); // Call minimum function

printf("\nMaximum = %d\n", maximum);

printf("Minimum = %d", minimum);

return 0;

int max(int num1, int num2)

{

return (num1 > num2 ) ? num1 : num2;

int min(int num1, int num2)

return (num1 > num2 ) ? num2 : num1;

Output:
Aim 35: Write a program in C to sort an array using pointers.

Source Code :
#include<stdio.h>

int main()

int *a,n,i,j,temp;

printf("Enter size of an array:");

scanf("%d",&n);

a=calloc(sizeof(int),n);

printf("Enter %d Elements: \n",n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d",a+i);

for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)

for(j=0;j<n-1;j++)

if(*(a+j)>*(a+j+1))

temp=*(a+j);
 *(a+j)=*(a+j+1);

*(a+j+1)=temp;

printf("After sorting it in ascending order: ");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

printf("%d\t",*(a+i));

return 0;

Output :
Aim 36: Write a program in C to print all alphabets using pointers.

Source Code :
#include<stdio.h>

int main()

char* c;

c = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char));

*c = 'A';

while (*c <= 'Z') {

printf("%c ", *c);

*c = *c + 1;

return 0;

Output :