Social Impact Assessment Study

Noida International Airport

Jewar, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh

Proposed Land Acquisition for the Expansion of the Noida

International Airport-Phase I at Birampur, Dayanatpur,
Mundrah, Ranhara, Kureb, Karauli Bangar

Report submitted for Expert Committee Review

November 2021

Gautam Buddha University

Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh-201310
www.gbu.ac.in
 Table of Contents
Particulars Page No.
Chapter-01Executive Summary of the SIA Report 3-18
1.1 Executive Summary 3
1.2 The Social Impact Management Plan(SIMP) 14
Chapter-02.DescriptionoftheProject 19-28
2.1.Introduction to Detailed Project Description 19
2.1.1.Project Site 20
2.1.2.Rationale for the project 20
2.2.Screening and Scoping of the SIA 27
Chapter-03.Approach and Methodology for the SIA 29-36
3.1.Description of Social Impact Assessment 29
3.2.Rationale and objective of the SIA 30
3.3.The Research Methodology 30
3.3.1 Data needs and Information requirements 30
3.3.2 Data collection 31
3.4.Tools used to collect information 31
3.4.1. Socio-Economic Survey 31
3.4.2. Community Stakeholder Consultations and FGDs 33
3.4.3.Overview of information and data sources used 33
3.5.The team and their area of expertise 34
3.6.Schedule of consultation with key stake holders 35
Chapter-04.Socio-Economic profile of Impact Zone 37-57
4.1.Overview of Uttar Pradesh and Project Influence Area 37
4.2.Overview of District Gautam Budh Nagar 41
4.3.Project Influence Area: Overview of Jewar Tehsil 45
4.4.Socio-economic profile of DIZ Jewar Banger 50
4.4.1Profile of Dayantpur Village 51
4.4.2Profile of Birampur Village 51
4.4.3Profile of Kureb Village 52
4.4.4Profile of Karauli BangarVillage 53
4.4.5Profile of Mundrah Village 54
4.4.6Profile of Ranhera Village 54
Chapter-05.Land Assessment of the PAPs 58-61
5.1.Land Holdings in “KarauliBangar-Dayanatpur–Kuraib- Ranhera-Mundrah-Birampur” 58
5.2.Land Requirements and Present Use of Land 59
5.3.Crops in the area 60
Chapter-06.Estimation and Enumeration 62-66
6.1.House holds and structures enumeration 62
6.2.Typology of structures in the DIZ 65
6.3.PAPs in the Direct Impact Zone 63
6.4. Map of the DIZ 66
Chapter-07.Socio-Economic Profile and Vulnerability 67-120
7.1.Demographic Details of PAFs 67
7.1.1.Age groups 68
7.1.2.Gender composition of PAFs 68
7.1.3 Educational profile of PAFs 69
7.1.4.Social Categories and Religion Profile of PAFs 69
7.1.5.Cast–Category profile of PAFs 70
7.1.6. Monthly income of PAFs 71
7.1.7Source of Income 71
7.2. Demographics Details of PAPs 74
7.2.1 Gender Composition of Impact Zone 74
7.2.2 Age Groups 74
7.2.3 Literacy Levels 75

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 7.2.4 Educational Profile of the Youth 77
7.2.5 Occupation and Income Levels 79
7.3 Vulnerability Status 83
7.3.1 Economic Status 84
7.3.2 Information about the Infant Mortality 85
7.3.3 Family Monthly Income 85
7.3.4 Nature of Agriculture Cultivator 86
7.3.5 Loan Status 87
7.3.6 Source of Loan 87
7.3.7 a&b Status of Women–Formal/Informal Source of Employment 88
7.3.8 Concerns shared by PAPs 88
7.3.9 Preferred Rehabilitation Resettlement Measures 89
7.4. Social Infrastructure in the Direct Impact Zone 90
7.5.Information Regarding Land and Livelihood 90
7.6.Information about Trees on Land 98
7.7.Information about Crops 96
7.8.Availability/Accessto Natural or Common Resources 96
7.9. Common Resources and Public Amenities 101
7.10. Perception on Acquisition of Land, Livelihood and Income 102
7.11 Impact Analysis of Physical Resources 107
7.12.Impact Analysis of Private Assets, Public Services and Utilities 111
7.13 The Collective Inferences 115
Chapter-08.ConsultationsandFocusGroupDiscussion(FGD) 121-133
8.1.Need for Focus Group and Consultations 121
8.2.Focus Group Discussion-Research Design and Data Collection 122
8.3.Focus Group Studyof the DIZ of the six villages “KarauliBangar- Dayanatpur–
Kuraib-Ranhera-Mundrah–Birampur 123
8.4 Mitigation Measures 128
8.5 Overall Likely impact on the Community Well-being and Livability 128
8.6 The Expectation from this Project 129
8.7 A part from the common issues and concerned discussed in the above sections, there were
two villages where some major issue scameup in terms 129
Chapter-09.PublicConsultations-PublicHearing-TobecompletedafterPublicHearing 134-157
9.1.NeedforPublicHearing 134
9.2.Details of the Public Consultations and Public Hearing for Jewar Airport Details of the 135
Public Hearing
9.3 The Key Issues and Suggestions 144
9.4 Key Concerns and Recommendations 151
Chapter-10.Social Impact Analysis of Jewar Airport 158-163
10.1.Potential Positive Impacts 158
10.2 Positive Impacts Perceived by the PAFs 159
10.3 Impact on Poverty Alleviation 160
10.4 Key Adverse Impact 160
10.4.1. Impact on Land 160
10.4.2. Impact on Common Structures 161
10.4.3. Impact on Fixed Assets and Occupational Structure 161
10.4.4. Impact on Live stock and Agricultural Crops 162
10.4.5. Impact on the People in the Adjacent Area 162
10.5 Concerns Perceived by the PAPs 162
Chapter-11.SocialImpactManagementPlan 164-170
11.1 Approach to Mitigation Measures 164
11.2 Approach to Mitigation 165
11.3 Impact and Management Plan
11.4 Gender Plan 166
11.5 Training Need Assessment 167
11.6 Livelihood Restoration and Income Generation Strategy via Skill Mapping 170
Annexure 172
onwards

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 Chapter-01
Executive Summary of the SIA Report

1.1 Executive Summary

1. The Noida International Greenfield Airport (NIGA) will be the second International
Airport in the Delhi-NCR region, which will aspire to help increase efficiency in terms of
connectivity, mobility of goods and services, boost tourism, and also boost tourism help
on the decongestion of the IGI Airport in Delhi. The project is being built in Jewar Tehsil
in Gautam Budh Nagar District. Jewar is a Tehsil/ Block in the Gautam Budh Nagar
District, which lies in the western part of Uttar Pradesh. Jewar has a population of
2,21,232 people consisting of 36,975 houses in the sub-district, spread over 92 villages
included in the block. (Census, 2011).
2. The proposed project is to be developed in four phases. The first phase will cater to a
passenger demand of 12 MPPA (Million Passengers Per Annum) and cargo demand of
0.75 metric tons. The land required for the first phase, (Extension) stage II is 1334
hectares that is being carved out of six villages in the Jewar Tehsil of Gautam Budh
Nagar District.
3. The proposed project site has already been granted site clearance from the Ministry of
Civil Aviation (MoCA), Government of India, via GO no. AV. 20015/34/2015-AD
with No Objection from the Indian Air Force. The earmarked area was notified in
January 2019 to carry out the social impact assessment to understand the impacted
areas' existing socio-economic and cultural profile. Gautam Buddha University and its
team carried out the social impact assessment of the first phase of the land acquisition.
4. The Uttar Pradesh Government intends to acquire the land for the Civil Aviation
Department as Requiring Body for expansion of the Noida International Airport Jewar,
Gautam Budh Nagar, UP and vide Notification No. 882/chhappan-2021-31/2016
(stage-2) dated 13 April 2021 under the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency
in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 (Act No. 30 of 2013).
5. Gautam Buddha University Greater Noida has been assigned to carry out SAI study for
the aforesaid land acquisition to be carved out of the six villages of which 1185.6914

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 hectares of the land area is proposed to be acquired for this project in villages, namely,
Dayanatpur-145.0515 hectares, Birampur-49.4190 hectares, Mundrah-46.9700 hectares,
Ranhera-458.0373 hectares, Kuraib-326.3567 hectares, and Karauli Bangar- 159.8569
hectares.
6. The proposed acquisition of 1185.6914 hectares (11856914.00 Sq. Meters) carve out
from six villages “Karauli Bangar - Dayanatpur – Kuraib - Ranhera - Mundrah -
Birampur” consists of a total Gatas [246 + 183 + 453 + 788 + 178 + 139 (respectively)
= 1987] i.e. Khasra (Gatas) with a total area of 1185.6914 hectares. Out of 1987 Gatas,
about 137 Gatas numbers belongs to Schools/Greater Noida Authority/Shore Area,
approximately 245 Gatas‟ owners not residing in DIZ. This chapter contains details of
the PAFs based on the primary survey and a series of FGDs and consultations with
them. Overall, 1249 PAFs/landowners have duly participated via Questionnaire and
majority of the PAFs participated in series of FGDs/consultation on the site. The
average household size is 5-6 PAPs i.e. family-wise for the direct impact zone. The
enumeration of PAPs has been on the basis of Land revenue records, primary survey,
individual as well as collective representations of PAPs, voter list of the affected
villages and the census 2011 data source.
7. Almost 53.60% of the PAFs belong to 35-60 years group, and then 31.36% comes
under the age group of 60-80, while 11.20% of populations come under the age group
between 18-35 years whereas a very less number, i.e. 3.44% belong to above 80 years
age group. About 79.90 % claimants are male, whereas the female proportion is
significant, about 20.10%. Almost half of the PAFs (50%) are either not educated or
studied up to 8th standard; about 24% up to 10th standard, 15% up to 12th standard,
whereas only 8.26% PAFs are graduate and 3.24% are postgraduate.
8. About 44.35% of the PAFs belong to the OBC category, 41.86% belong to the general
category, and 13.79% belong to the SC category. Whereas the presence of the ST
category is almost zero in DIZ. As per the findings of the socio-economic survey,
Hindu religion about 90% and Muslims are 9.61% in the DIZ, whereas the presence of
Christian and Sikh are almost negligible. The majority of the PAFs belong to
Jaat/Rajput/Brahmin/Jatav/ Mewati /Khatik and Gadaria cast category.
9. Income levels of PAFs in the DIZ, the income levels of the PAFs are low with major
proportion about 60.52% earn less than 10,000/- month, and about 13% do not have
stable source of income and 14.25% in the range of 10,000- 20,000 /- month, only
7.61% of PAFs are earning in the range of 20,000 – 50,000/- month.

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10. A large proportion of PAFs, about 76%, depends upon income entirely through
agricultural activities, and about 9% via non-agricultural activities. However,
significantly 11% PAFs are earning from both agricultural and non-agricultural
activities. The majority of PAFs (78%) are Agriculture cultivators, and about 7%
engaged in Animal husbandry. About 13% of PAFs are engaged in other activities,
whereas a very nominal proportion of PAFs (2%) are engaged as agriculture labour.
Under non-agricultural source of income, 19.52% are engaged in private service, only
about 8.22% earning through business activities, and a good number (26.37%) are in
Government services at various positions.
11. In PAPs, males constitute 52.93% of the PAPs while females constitute 47%, reflecting
the marginally low sex ratio that is existent at the district level, as indicated in the
Census 2011. A major percentage of the population falls substantially in the range of up
to 35 years (63.93% as consolidated) indicates that project affected households have a
significant number of young, in their prime and employable age, and dependent
populations.
12. The DIZ's overall educational profile indicates a comparatively low literacy ratio of the
six villages (DIZs) as with 67.21 % of the population as literate and a significant
number, 32.79% of PAPs, are not educated. On the other hand, a substantial population
is well educated at primary and secondary levels, and only 12.36% of PAPs are
graduates.
13. There is a gap between females' literacy levels, which is considerably lower than that of
the males in the direct impact zone. About 38.54 % of women, who have had no formal
education amongst the PAPs in the project impact zone, compared to the number of not
educated men, are approximately 21.75%. However, the silver lining is that both men
and women at the youth level have a significant contribution at the primary level and up
to the 8th standard. Further, it is important to note that onwards 10th, 12th and up to Post
Graduation level, the proportion of females is almost equal compared to males,
indicating that many females continue their education after 8th standard.
14. The PAPs of the DIZs area are engaged in various occupations, majorly dependent on
agriculture activity and agriculture related activities mainly as crop grower/cultivator,
livestock and daily producers/keepers, i.e., in animal husbandry, private service and as
agricultural labor. About 7.48% of households are doing various private jobs, and about
4% are employed with government services. Nearly 3.7% are involved in business &
trade and other form of occupations. Almost negligible PAPs are involved in various

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 artisans‟ activities. However, a very large proportion of about 29.13% are unemployed.
Approximately 12.85% of PAPs are involved in two or more nature of occupations.
15. Women in the project affected area mostly work at cultivating the lands belonging to
their own families, or in allied activities like animal husbandry and prominently as
house maker. They are not earning either formal or informal way; hence, income
generated by them is not reflected in the survey responses as they are not seen as
earning members in their families. Amongst the number of recorded earning members,
majority of them are males, only about 1.61% women are employed in Govt. / Private
Service.
16. For the purpose of SIMP, it is significant to note that 12.86% of earning PAPs are
engaged at 9th category, i.e. the Elementary Occupation level (i.e., Skill I Level), at 8th
category (Skill II Level), only 0.4% and almost 80.73% of them are engaged at 6 th
category - Skilled Agricultural and Animal Husbandry (i.e., Skill II level) and around
13.18% of them are engaged at 4th & 5th Category level – Clerks and as Service
Workers and Shop and Market Sales Workers (i.e., Skill II level) and about 5.68% at 3rd
category as associate professionals ((i.e., Skill III Level) as defined by NCO-2015
report.
17. Based on the data collected, it is observed that the income level of the affected
population is low with 10.72% of earning PAPs are in no stable income a major
proportion, about 7.20% earn less than 4000/- month, and 2.06 % of the PAPs are
earning in the range of 20,000 – 50,000/- month. Therefore, an estimate of the total
number of earning members in the area is around 2481 out of 7875, i.e. the population
dependency ratio is 3:1.
18. The total land required for the project is 1365 Hectares, and for this area 1185.6914
hectares (11856914.00 Sq. Meters) carve out from six villages “Karauli Bangar -
Dayanatpur – Kuraib - Ranhera - Mundrah - Birampur” to be acquired. This change
in land use from agricultural to air-transport purpose for Jewar Airport was sanctioned by
the Government of Uttar Pradesh, via notification number 882/chhappan-2021-31/2016
(Stage-2) has permitted for the land of the 6 villages (1365 Hectares approx.) specifically
for the establishment of an airport and aviation hub that can be incorporated in the
YEIDA master plan- 2031. The current usage of the land is majorly agricultural in nature
(90%). According to the land records, primary survey and revenue records, the rest of the
land is utilized for structures (residential/residential-cum commercial), drainages, and
roads, and pits for storing manure, and there are few Johad in the project lay out area. As

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 per the revenue records and revenue maps superimposed with the proposed Jewar Airport
Project layout, there are a total of 1987 plots of land or gata sankhya as they are called,
that will be subsumed under the Direct Impact Zone (DIZ). Ranhera, Kureb and Karauli
Banger have the largest parcels of land under impact from the project layout. In terms of
impact, these three villages have the larger number of PAFs to be displaced residing
within the impacted area as compared to the villages of Dayanatpur, Mundrah and
Birampur. Approximate 12,062 PAPs who hold lands in the Direct Impact Zone,
approximated 74.25% resides in the DIZ and about 25.75% of Total PAFs reside outside
of the DIZ. Hence, 74.255% of PAPs are in considerable vulnerability, as they are
engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry and have residential structures for family and
semi-structure houses for animals.
19. It is estimated that the total project affected people due to the proposed airport project in
this phase, is estimated to be 16,158 and out of this 11,998 PAPs, which includes 3042
under 18 age grope, and about estimated 8955 are landowners (detailed list of
PAPs/landowners being displaced is attached as annexure - II) will be displaced due to
proposed project and hence will be relocated. The total project affected families are
approximately 6839 and out of this the displaced PAFs are approximately 5063 including
youth above 18 years. The average household size of the area under DIZ is 5-6 members
per household.
20. A large population of 29.13% is unemployed in DIZ. The majority of them are using their
land, especially for agricultural activities, as their main occupation and animal husbandry
for their additional source of earning and livelihood along with their engagements in other
occupations. Further, the youth (18-35 years) of the project affected area consists of a
substantial population of 38.58%. The literacy profile among the youth generation of
PAPs is fairly good, although only 8-9 % have technical skills and more than 55.22%
belong to the Art stream, 23.88% from Science streams and 11.10% from Commerce
background at the graduate level. However, significantly 14.92% of them are not
educated /literate and only 22.46% of them are graduates. Merely 5% of the youth are
postgraduate spread across with a wide range of specialization from MA/MSc/M.Com
and B. Tech/M. Tech; MBA and even upto MS/MD. Having substantial level of the
unemployment situation, they may be engaged in various jobs under SIMP according to
their qualification/educational profile and skill levels. Moreover, the majority of youth
require, especially women, some sort of vocational training/short-term courses to involve
or engage them at least skill I & II level jobs.

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21. The proposed project will entail involuntary resettlement due to acquisition of a total
1987 (approx.) agricultural plots. Further the project will also impact a total of 2998
structures which fall within the DIZ. The structures (residential, residential-cum-
commercial, commercial, small business units, etc) and social infrastructure falling within
the proposed project area were considered as likely affected structures. Residential units
constitute significant component of structures in the DIZ of the project. Commercial
structure included small kirana shops, bike repair shops and other such petty stores in the
area. The majority of the structures are owned by the people residing in or using them.
However, it has been observed during primary survey and field visits, many of the new
structures/boundaries got raised especially after notification of acquisition in the DIZ.
The area under DIZ from the villages of Dayanatpur, Mundrah, and Virampur do not
consist of significant existence of any structures, but only agricultural plots.
22. It is estimated that the total project affected people due to the proposed airport project in
this phase, is estimated to be 16,158 and out of this 11,998 PAPs, which includes 3042
under 18 age grope, and about estimated 8955 are landowners (detailed list of
PAPs/landowners being displaced is attached as annexure - II) will be displaced due to
proposed project and hence will be relocated.
23. The PAFs are engaged in mainly agricultural activities as their primary source of income,
along with animal husbandry as an additional source of income. Many of them are
engaged in various jobs, although in less proportion. Unemployed PAPs may be engaged
in multiple employment options as part of compensation brought against the land
acquisition. It is expected that the educated and young PAFs will utilize the monetary
compensation towards business avenues, higher education and investment. The youth of
the DIZs especially monitored and counseled towards the utilization of any cash
compensation, as observed during the survey as major concern of PAFs.
24. There is around 9.75% population in the DIZ, which fall below the poverty line. They
have been allotted BPL card. However, significantly 63% population lies in the category
of APL, and only about 2.32 % are availing „Antyodaya Scheme‟. Senior citizens and
widows are only 0.40%.
25. Based on the data collected in DIZs, it is observed that the consolidated family income
levels of the affected population is low as about 42.67 % of PAPs earn less than Rs.4000,
around 35.55% earn within the range of Rs.4000 to Rs.10,000, and 9.93% are in the range
of Rs 10,000-20,000 and 7.61 % are earning in the range of Rs.20,000 – Rs.50,000/-

8
 month. However, during the survey, it was observed that many of the families residing in
DIZ were reluctant to share their income status.
26. The indebtedness in the Direct Impact Zone is quite significant. There are about 22.18%
of PAPs have taken loans. The amount for the loans taken ranges from Rs.25,000/- to
even Rs.3,00,000/- and above. The majority of these loans have been taken from formal
sources, i.e., government banks, Cooperative banks, and Kisan Credit Card. Although the
majority of the land owner fairly disclosed their loan status or loan amount. About
74.30% of the borrowers under DIZ have borrowed from government banks, and in
remaining, mainly via Kisan Credit Card Scheme (11.97%) and 5.63% from cooperative
society
27. It was observed in the survey that the PAPs in the DIZ have shown concern about affect
in employability (89.11%), earning capacity (96.24%), affect in social position (96.16%),
cultural ethos (95%), family structure (95.60%), mental wellness (94.72%) as well as
ecological wellness (94%). About 14% of the PAFs have shown a preference for „Land
for land-Compensation, 74% for Employment, 92.55% for cash as compensation, 48.68%
for basic amenities and 10.65% for rehabilitation and resettlement. There are many of the
respondents have preferred to opt for more than two to six possibilities. Out of all PAFs, a
very small proportion are reluctant or giving away their land, without any satisfactory and
appropriate rehabilitation and resettlement offer from the concerned authority.
28. The DIZ is mostly agricultural and is a very fertile land. The following illustration details
the land demarcation for better inference. As shared by PAFs, 85% of total DIZ is used
for agriculture, and the remaining 15% of the land is utilized for non-agricultural activity,
such as, livestock cottages, some residential structures, other temporary structures, etc.
The agricultural land is well irrigated and a major part of the area is very fertile. There are
many trees also in DIZ. PAFs use various water resources such as Boring, Nahar/Boring,
Tube well, Engine Boring, Summer cell (Submersible water pump), etc., as shared by
them. Out of agriculture use of land, about 92% is irrigated / fertile land, 8 % non-
irrigated land/ land with tree plantation. Thus, the proportion of non-fertile land is almost
negligible. The PAFs use the land in different forms, such as agricultural, tree plantation,
and livestock cultivation for personal and commercial use and their own domestic needs.
29. Many households have livestock in the DIZ area. They use them for agricultural,
commercial, and domestic purposes, and for the livestock, the cottages are in the DIZ
area. The land primarily being agricultural, the cattle population is one of the primary
assets, and that is why possession of cattle becomes a very important component for the

9
 PAPs. The majority of the households own buffalo (56.58%), followed by cow (14.82%)
and goat (13%), which is used for milk and dairy purposes.
30. The majority of the families are in the APL category and have their own houses around
DIZ, whereas only 5.36% of them don‟t have their own houses. The people of DIZ
essentially use two-wheelers (70%) for regular commuting. Around 17% of them use
their own car or four-wheeler for mobility. Some of the families have tractors (11%) as
well used for agricultural activities. About 14% of PAFs have their own agricultural
equipment such as tractors, thresher machines, engine machines, cultivators, trolley,
wheat cutting machines, lister engines, diesel engines, etc; however, the majority of them
use agricultural equipment on rental basis.
31. The DIZ consists of a variety of trees, majorly Neem, Shesham, babool/Keekar, popular,
Aam, Peepal, Jamun and Sahtoot, etc. The current use of the land is mainly agricultural.
The major crops grown are Wheat (50%), followed by Paddy/Rice (42) and Jwar/Bajra
(6%) and other small crops (2%). On an average, four crops are grown every year.
32. As three villages namely Ranhera, Kuraib and Karauli Bangar are proposed to be displaced in
this phase of acquisition and consequently the existing common properties of these villages will
also be displaced as per the details given in the table. As per the survey, there are 23 common
properties in Kuraib, 18 common properties in karauli bangar and 35 common properties in
Ranhera are proposed to be displaced. In the remaining three affected villages namely
Dayanatpur, Mundrah and Birampur, there are no common property affected in the land
acquisition and the entire land is being used for agriculture activities growing crop or marginally
for keeping live stocks or for animal husbandry mainly.
33. The stakeholder consultations and the primary survey revealed that most of the population
is not opposed to the project. However, they are concerned about the compensation
amount that will be offered to them and the modalities of payment, expecting it to be paid
in a proper manner and one complete instalment. In addition, they are simultaneously
expecting a fair number of jobs to be created as an outcome of the project and offered to
them as they have a considerable population of employable age.
34. The other tangible benefits of the project that may eventually upgrade the surrounding
area are the increase in land prices in the vicinity, making it a preferred site for
investment, the employment generation from the construction, and ancillary services such
as airport restaurants; business centers, hotels etc. In addition, the indirect and intangible
benefits will arise from the employment and the output generated from the vast supply
chain of the aviation sector in terms of employment generation, boosting of tourism and
eventually the enhanced quality of life.

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35. Acquisition of land and rehabilitation of population, livestock and livelihood bring a
serious social and financial security among the PAFs. As SIA agency for the project, we
have undertaken a structured study of the social impact of this project in the notified area
of the six villages located in Jewar Tehsil. The team took utmost care in understanding
socio-economic impact on the affected population and have listed key concerns of the
PAFs after the public consultation hearings. The following section summarizes the key
concerns of the PAFs and contains recommendations.

a. Major concern- land prices and compensation packages. The rates should be fixed
on higher side of the RFCTLARR Act – 2013.
b. An acquisition of land and threat to livelihood bring a serious social and financial
insecurity among the PAFs. While addressing such security and apprehensions
about the compensation package may be designed as per the prevailing „Act and
provisions‟ which renders maximum benefits to the beneficiaries and financial
stability and financial stability to all social units. A compensation/pension
packages for old people, widows, (vulnerable households) may be worked out
additionally.
c. Existing social security schemes of Government of India and Government of UP
should be used to bring sense of security among the PAPs.
d. Keeping the interest of farmers and PAFs who are supposed to give away their
land and property to the project, the compensation rate should be kept on higher
side and not be restricted to the minimum rate.
e. An important issue pertaining to the interpretation of the word “Minimum” was
raised in the meeting and it was demanded that the word „minimum‟ as mentioned
in the Act 2013, is mandatory to be followed, however, it does not restrict the
acquisition agency to calculate the compensation package at the higher rate. In
order to ensure transparency and welfare in safeguarding of the PAFs and granting
them financial and social security, a task force should be constituted to prepare a
road map for employment and engagement of the eligible and unemployed youths
of PAFs. This task force may have the representatives, who are stakeholder in the
project such as:
 PAFs
 District administration
 Employers

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  Any other agency that may deem fit to be in the task force.
f. After the acquisition of the agriculture land the vulnerability of the landless
workers multiplies and unemployment emerged as one of the major concerns
among the PAFs. In order to address this major concern, the project executing
agency should ensure employment for at least one person per affected household.
Such unemployed youth of the affected population are not technically trained and
qualified for higher end jobs in the project. In such a case, PAFs should be
mapped based on their qualifications and skills, and suitable job opportunity for
them during and after the completion of the project may be arranged. In order to
enhance employability of such vulnerable PAFs, a structured measure must be
initiated for skill training and appropriate placement.
g. The definition of „family‟ has been broadened in this package where every
member of the PAF of 18 years age and above is being treated as independent
individual beneficiary for compensatory (i) amount of Rs. 5 Lacs one time or (ii)
an employment in the project in lieu thereof, (iii) Rs. 2000/- per month for the
next 20 years as pension to be given. In addition to the total compensatory
package, an amount of Rs. 50,000/- be given to per family as relocation
allowance. It is recommended that the above rates may be increased keeping in
view the current inflation.
h. The affected villages have grown in size and land area over a considerable period
of time; however, the revenue records and documents have not been revised. In
the light of such facts, „Aabadi land‟ must be clearly notified after this review and
update of the land records.
i. The proposed displacement of the Karauli Bangar village may be reconsidered at
an appropriate level and the proposed map of the project may be revised and
realigned, so that this village may be spared and left out of the relocation process.
j. The demand of the PAFs of the affected village which are proposed to be
displaced regarding their choice of rehabilitation site/location for shifting may be
considered and a joint committee consisting of the representatives form PAFs and
concerned agency be formed to identify the land for relocation.
k. Facilities like hospitals/ health centers, good water, schools, college and
playground. Most importantly- areas of congregation like temples have to
definitely be established. Community hall for functions and community gatherings
Water for the construction of proposed project to be sourced differently from

12
 water sources of the community. Current cost of materials for structures to be
accounted for in the relocation plan. All social infrastructure to be included in the
relocation plan and area. Proper garbage disposal system, as the current garbage is
thrown into the local pond

l. The PAFs with their houses and property on „Shore land‟ were the most
apprehensive lot who had no clarity on title of such plots, their entitlement for
getting the compensation, and other benefits and compensation. Such vulnerable
groups may be extended with all possible benefits and compensation under the
RFCTLARR Act – 2013 and the rates may be kept at the possible higher side.
m. The benefits of the Ayushman Bharat Scheme of the Government of India be
extended to the PAFs and they should be covered under this programme.
n. The women among the PAFs are the most vulnerable group. After acquisition of
the land and properties, they are subjected to multiple marginality and
vulnerability. The R&R package must include women and empower them
financially. There should be a joint bank account in which the compensation
money may be transferred. The gender equality should remain the guiding
principle in land acquisition and compensation distribution. It is recommended
that all the benefits and privileges extended to the male child of the PAFs must be
given the female child, without any distinction. The employment opportunity and
a consolidated amount in lieu thereof as awarded to the males of the PAFs should
equally be applied to the girl child of the family as well. Another benefit like plots
in case of any displacement should also be extended to the girl child. In order to
ensure social and financial security to women, they should be provided with
required skill training, support and opportunities for setting up small economic
activities and cottage industries.
o. Another major concerns among the PAFs was the left-over land area after
acquisition. The land area which falls outside the DIZ is very small and will have
no significant use after acquisition. It can neither be used for farming nor for any
commercial purposes. The land will not have any value for sale as well. It is
recommended that the small land areas that fall outside the DIZ may be included
and acquired with fair compensation.

p. The PAFs were mainly concerned about clarity in ownership, family succession of
the land and multiple claimants. The loss of land is seen as a loss of long-term

13
 social security, as the loss of fertile land and subsequent loss of gross annual
agricultural produce, and ultimate loss of income and financial support. It is
recommended that khatauni and revenue records may be updated before the
acquisition of their land begins.
q. While addressing apprehensions of the PAFs regarding social and financial
security, the compensation package may be designed as per the prevailing „Act
and Provisions‟ which renders maximum benefits to the beneficiaries and
financial stability to all social units.
r. The PAFs requested several times about the circle rates, valuation process, job to
one member of the family and livelihood assistance to other family members. It
was a common perception that circle rate has not been increased in the past few
years; it is recommended that the compensation may be decided after revision of
the same.
s. The PAFs demanded to receive entire compensation amount in single installment.
It is recommended that this demand should be considered as per the RFCTLARR
(UP) Rules 2016, which mandates that the compensation be given as per the
choice of the PAFs, either in single or multiple installments.
t. Majority of the PAFs indicated that the effort of developing this project will also
make a progressive shift in the life of the local people by developing their mindset
for new/ renewed economic activities such as, start-ups by young individuals and
businesses by majority of the population. It is recommended that the project
should include the expectations and demands of the PAFs to the extent possible.

1.2 The Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP)

SIMP aims to outline the various ways in which the executive agency should act to
mitigate the impacts of the proposed project. These have to be brought out and operated
upon by the executing agency and ensured by the government. The following proposed
courses of action are:
1. The compensation for the PAPs should be decided based on RFCTLARR Act, 2013. It
should be at par with the compensation for the other villages acquired from Noida
International Greenfield Airport (NIGA) in the Jewar Tehsil. Due care should be taken
to compensate each affected PAFs according to their land size, structure (if any) and
movable/immovable assets.

14
2. The executing agency should ensure a livelihood mapping exercise to ascertain the type
of skills required in the area of PAPs for the jobs that would be created. For this
purpose, a comprehensive survey should be conducted to identify the people who want
to participate in livelihood and skill development training, thereby categorizing their
areas of interest to find suitable and courses and classes. The agency may also identify
appropriate training institutes, classes, and organizations in the vicinity of the project
affected area to support PAPs.
3. The SIMP should be followed and used for the land acquisition process with the
consequent R&R measures that will be implemented. Therefore, the executing agency
should ensure the implementation of SIMP in terms of subsequent livelihood mapping,
skill assessment, and facilitation of skill training programs during the phases of the
proposed project.
4. The executing agency for Noida International Greenfield Airport has to follow
the process prescribed in the RFCTLARR (UP) rules 2016 and RFCTLARR Act
2013, for acquiring the proposed area for the project. Various rounds of public
consultations were done in each affected village to know about the concerns and
demands of various groups including more vulnerable groups like women,
SC/ST and physically handicapped.
5. Grievance redressal mechanism need to be developed and a committee should be
instituted headed by a senior officer for the timely settlement of the grievances related
to land acquisition and R&R settlement. It should exist from the beginning till the end
of the project.
6. Monitoring of RAP (Rehabilitation action plan) quality should be done by authority on
regular basis under the watch of a senior designated officer and quality monitoring
should be done by external agency on regular basis (preferred once in three months).
7. Evaluation of R&R should be done by some external agency and the result should be
used for any further action if required. There can be one midterm and one end term
evaluation of the R&P.
8. An estimate analysis of loss of farm productivity due to land acquisition can be seen as
approximately 24 Crores per annum. A total area of 1365 Hectares is being used up for
the proposed airport, out of which 85% is farm land. There will be loss of farm produce
on the land used up for farming. On one hectare of land, the average production of
wheat is 3400 kg per hectare (approx.), and the appx farm income (Profit) is INR 21 per
Kg (As per public consultation). (Considering MSP as INR 2110 per Quintal). So, it

15
 could be estimated that the loss of profit from one hectare of land is Appx 71,400. Loss
of profit from 1160.25 hectares of land is INR 82,824,000 (Appx 8 crores). If we
consider three crops per year then the approximate loss of crop productivity is INR 24
Crore per annum.
9. On one hectare of land, the average approximate production of wheat is 3217 kg/hectare
and the approximate farm income (Profit) is INR 10/kg (as per public consultation with
PAFs). To compensate for this continued source of income from their land, the impact
management plan should prioritize the PAPs for the job. The project executing agency
should employ the PAPs as per the skills, education, willingness, and suitability for the
job. Project executing agencies should also help in the skill development of the PAPs
and make them suitable for the jobs taken.
10. Among the PAFs from the DIZ of villages “Karauli Bangar - Dayanatpur – Kuraib -
Ranhera - Mundrah - Birampur” about 80% claimants are male, whereas female
proportion is marginal as about 20%. Whereas in the PAPs the ratio of the males
constitute 52.93% of the PAPs while, females constitute 47.07%. There exists a gap
between the literacy level of females, which is lower than that of the males in the DIZ.
A total of 38.54% women, who have had no formal education amongst the PAPs in the
project impact zone, as compared to the number of illiterate men is approximately
21.75%. Whereas, women in the project affected area mostly work at cultivating the
land belonging to their own families, or in allied activities like animal husbandry and
prominently as house maker. They are not earning either formal or informal way, hence,
income generated by them is not reflected in the survey responses as they are not seen
as earning members in their families. Amongst the number of recorded earning
members, majority of them are male, only about 3-4% women are employed in Govt. /
Private Services.
11. As observed during the survey, women in the village are not well educated and majorly
are home-makers except approximately 3-4% in jobs. The potential impact on women of
the proposed project could be the loss of long-term security associated with the fixed
assets in the form of land. The management plan should focus on empowering the
project affected women/female to equip them with financial sustainability. Employment
opportunities need to be provided to them to uplift their present status. However, there
needs to be strict vigilance of safety and security where women will be employed
through the project.

16
 12. The participation of women in the project has been envisaged from the project
preparation to the construction phase and to an extent in the operation phase. Also, the
following points will be considered:

The Social Impact Management Plan should thereby ensure a livelihood mapping exercise, to
ascertain the type of skills required in the area of the PAFs for the jobs that would be created.
For the purpose, a comprehensive survey should be conducted to identify the people who
want to participate in livelihood and skill development training and thereby categorizing their
areas of interest to find the suitable and courses and classes. The agency may also identify
suitable training institutes, classes, and organizations in the vicinity of the project affected
area as extended support to the PAFs.

17
18
 Chapter-02
Description of the Project
2.1. Introduction to Detailed Project Description1

Noida International Greenfield Airport is proposed to be built at Jewar, Gautam Budh Nagar.
The Government of Uttar Pradesh intends to develop an International Airport in the north of
Jewar. Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority (YIEDA) has been appointed
as the nodal agency by the State Government to manage the project to develop the proposed
airport, 5000 hectares of land that has been earmarked. Such earmarked area of land needs to
be acquired in phases. The Uttar Pradesh Government intends to purchase the land for the
Civil Aviation Department as Requiring Body for expansion of the Noida International
Airport Jewar, Gautam Budh Nagar, UP and vide Notification No. 882/chhappan-2021-
31/2016 (stage-2) dated 13 April 2021 under the Right to Fair Compensation and
Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 (Act No. 30 of
2013). Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, has been assigned to conduct SAI Study
for the aforesaid land acquisition. The details of the proposed land area which is to be
acquired for this project from the six villages are given as under:

District Tehsil Villages from where the land has to be Land areas to be acquired (in
acquired Hectare)
Jewar Karauli Bangar 159.8569
Gautam Budh Nagar

Dayanatpur 145.0515
Kureb 326.3567
Ranhera 458.0373
Mundrah 46.9700
Birampur 49.4190
Total Land Area 1185.6914 hectares

1
The factual details and contents for this section are extrapolated from the Project Report: Feasibility of 6
runways at Noida International Greenfield Airport, by PricewaterhouseCoopers Private Limited, December 2020

19
In order to ensure a humanitarian, participative, informed and transparent process for land
acquisition for the development of infrastructure facilities, “The Right to Fair Compensation
and Transparency in Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013” was
introduced by the Government of India. As required under section 109 to 112 of the given
Act, the Government of Uttar Pradesh (Govt. UP) issued “The Right to Fair Compensation
and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Uttar Pradesh)
Rules, 2016 (RFCTLARR-UP)”. The study has taken reference from there and is conducted
in the same policy framework.

2.1.1. Project Site

The project site is located in Jewar Tehsil1 of Gautam Budh Nagar of Uttar Pradesh. Jewar
Tehsil is one of the three Tehsils of the Gautam Budh Nagar district. It is located in the
southern part of the district. Spread over an area of 1,334 hectares (Ha), the proposed site for
the airport is located at latitude 28ᵒ 09‟ N and longitude of 77ᵒ 35‟ E, north of Jewar Village,
in Gautam Budh Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh. The Yamuna Expressway is located about
700 meters from the project site. The site is about 70km from IGI Airport. The site for the
land acquisition in this phase is spread over six villages, of which 1185.6914 hectares of the
land area is proposed to be acquired for this project in six villages, namely, Dayanatpur-
145.0515 hectares, Birampur-49.4190 hectares, Mundrah-46.9700 hectares, Ranhera-
458.0373 hectares, Kuraib-326.3567 hectares, and Karauli Bangar- 159.8569 hectares are all
located in the Jewar Tehsil.

2.1.2 Rationale for the Project

In recent years, air traffic in the Delhi NCR, currently catered solely by IGIA, has grown
higher than the national average. During 2011-12 to 2016-17, IGI Airport traffic has grown
from an annual passenger of 35.9 million to 57.7 million– a CAGR of ~ 10 per cent in the
five years. As has been the case with overall air traffic growth in India, the increase in air
traffic at IGI Airport has also been domestic demand. During the period from 2011-12 to
2016-17 domestic traffic witnessed a CAGR of ~11 per cent while international traffic
witnessed a CAGR of ~7.5 per cent.

Cargo handling at IGI Airport has also been increasing over the years. During 2011-12 to
2016-17, cargo handling at IGI airport has increased from 568 thousand tons annually to 857

20
thousand tons annually – a CAGR of ~ 8.6 per cent. Considering the growing air traffic,
capacity expansion of around 160 billion INR is planned at IGI airport. This expansion
project includes upgradation, development and construction of facilities to achieve an airport
capacity of about 109 million passengers per annum and 2.2 million tons per annum of cargo
by 2034. Despite the capacity expansion, IGI airport is likely to reach its stated capacity in
the near future. However, capacity constraints at IGI and the horizontal expansion of Delhi
city have necessitated a new airport requirement. The activities listed in the notification of the
Government of India in the Department of Economic Affairs (Infrastructure section),
including airports, can be categorized as public purposes for land acquisition, as the transport
sector boosts economic development.

In order to spur growth in the domestic market, the National Civil Aviation Policy (2016)
places significant focus on smaller cities and their growing middle-class population. With the
intention of making flying more accessible and affordable to people in the smaller cities, the
Policy has come up with the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS). The construction of the
proposed Noida International Greenfield Airport will boost the RCS scheme and cater to
domestic and International traffic demand that will be an outcome of the RCS scheme. At the
start of operations in 2022-23, the Airport at Jewar may serve a total annual passenger
demand of around 5 million. By 2029-30 the annual passenger handling is expected to go up
to ~ 16 million, reporting a growth rate of about 19 per cent. The growth would be observed
both in a domestic and international passenger at around 18 per cent and 33 respectively. By
2050, the airport traffic demand at the airport may reach about 98 million passengers
annually. However, given the current master plan, the airport may cater to about 70-77
million passengers annually (PwC TEFR, 2018).

Noida Airport is currently planned over approx. 1,334 hectares of land. A 2-runway system is
expected to cater to ~70-80 million passengers at full capacity. However, given the high
traffic growth in India and Delhi NCR region, the Government of Uttar Pradesh wishes to
evaluate the viability of a 6-runway system for Noida airport. To this end, YEIDA has
mandated PwC to undertake a study to assess the viability for the expansion of the airport to 6
runway system. The total passenger traffic demand at the Noida International Airport is
expected to be about ~310 mppa by FY90 from ~98 mppa in FY50, with a CAGR of ~2.98%.

21
The long-term cargo traffic is estimated to grow rapidly as the Noida airport will offer better
connectivity and enhanced infrastructure in the future. Based on the trendline analysis,
demand and supply-side factors, the air cargo traffic at Noida International Airport is
expected to reach about ~11 million metric tons by FY 90.

22
 Extended Master Plan for Noida International Airport, Jewar

The airport enjoys a strategic geographical location and possesses a strong potential for
multiple industries in the nearby region, which might develop positive synergies with the
airport. Some examples of such industries are Electronics, Aerospace & Defense (including
MRO), Automobiles (Electric Vehicles), Textile and other miscellaneous industries.
The Government of Uttar Pradesh also envisages the development of these industries to boost
the state's economy. However, the development of such industries in the airport region
requires additional land apart from the future development of additional runways.

It is estimated that there is a strong potential for land offtake for setting up the Electronics
industry, Aerospace & Defense, Automobiles (Electric Vehicles), Textile and miscellaneous.
Based on high-level preliminary estimates, in total, nearly 3200 – 4000 acres of land may be
considered for such development.

The mandate for developing the green field airport at Jewar has been given to Yamuna
Expressway Industrial Development Authority (YEIDA). YEIDA had appointed a
consortium led by Price waterhouse Coopers Private Limited (PwC) to prepare Techno-
Economic Feasibility Report (TEFR) and assist in selecting a private player for a private
player the development and operations of the airport. PwC submitted the TEFR in Apr 2018.
Subsequently, on 12 June 2018, the UP Govt Cabinet had approved (vide G.O.
No.58/2018/1169/ Chappan/2018&31/18) a global bidding process for the selection of
concessionaire for the development of Noida International Airport on a PPP basis and Zurich
International Airport was identified as the highest bidder for this project, through a global
competitive bidding process in Nov-Dec 2019.

Noida Airport is currently planned over approx. 1,334 hectares of land. A 2-runway system,
planned in this phase of the project, is expected to cater to ~70-80 million passengers at full
capacity. However, given the high traffic growth in India and Delhi NCR region, the
proposed airport is likely to reach its capacity by FY 46. Hence, there exists a potential for
additional runways.

Noida Airport is expected to be among the largest airports in the country. It would play a key
role in the promotion/ development of the aviation ecosystem and industries in the state. It

23
 has been observed that some of the industries such as Electronics, Aerospace and Defense
including Maintenance, Repairs and Overhaul (MRO), Automobiles (including Electrical
Vehicles), etc. develop positive synergies with airports and might have a strong potential to
be set up near Noida Airport. The Government of Uttar Pradesh focuses on the rapid growth
of the state‟s economy via several initiatives and policies. The state‟s vision outlined in the
industrial policies makes Noida Airport a strong contender for developing such industries
near it. The Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority (YEIDA) is aware of
this fact and is actively undertaking various initiatives to promote such industries near the
airport. The details of the land allotment for industrial development by YEIDA are provided
further in Appendix C.

Considering this, there appears a need for land requirements at the airport for the airport
expansion, i.e., development of additional runways/ associated facilities and development of
various industries (in short to medium term), which have positive synergies with the airport.
Therefore, the land required for different phases of development is provided below.

Phases of Development Land Area Required

Phase 1 1365 Ha
Phase 2 1318 Ha

Phase 3 735 Ha
Phase 4 Capacity enhancement with no additional land requirement

Benefits and costs2

The benefits and costs are discussed below:

A. Benefits to the economy and government due to the construction of the airport
a. Economic output due to investment towards airport expansion. In present
value terms, this is estimated to be around INR 3,55,000 crores.
b. Economic output (incremental/ improvement) due to enhanced investor
confidence/ demand for industrial development near the airport is
estimated to be around INR 20,000 crores.
c. Tax revenue to the government from the economic output: This has been

2
The factual details and contents for this section are extrapolated from the Project Report: Feasibility of 6
runways at Noida International Greenfield Airport, by PricewaterhouseCoopers Private Limited, December 2020

24
 assumed to be only 1% of the economic output. In present value terms, this
comes out to be around INR 3550 crores.
d. In the present value term, the tax revenue from the airport works out to be
around INR 22,000 crores.
e. The lease rentals from the airport operator to the government (with
reference to Section 9.1.5, point 1), in present value terms, have been
estimated to be around INR 16,650 crores.
f. The lease charges/ rentals for the land acquired during FY21-23 for Stage
2 will be received post land acquisition until FY 41. In present value
terms, this is estimated to be around INR 5,880 crores.

B. Costs to be incurred by the government

a. Cost of land acquisition for the development of Stage 2 of the Noida
airport – INR 15,200 crore (approximate – nominal costs including
inflation) considering the complete acquisition over FY21-23. This is in
line with the benchmarks provided in the financial assessment section.
b. The cost of enhancing road connectivity is considered over a period FY42-
43, which comes to be around INR 740 crore (nominal costs including
inflation): 8+8 lane airport corridor (30 mt wide each way).

C. Economic IRR: Considering the above, the project's economic IRR has been
estimated to be 21.67 per cent. Kindly refer to Appendix K for a detailed
assessment of the economic IRR. In NPV terms, the government is expected to
have a positive NPV of INR 380,440 crore.

Developmental Stages of the Project

Aug 2018 The newly constituted Noida International Airport Company Limited (NIAL)
will handle the project's bidding and overall project management.

Source:https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/10-member-
government-panel-to-be-part-of-jewar-airport-
agency/articleshow/67007101.cms

Nov 2018 The Government of Uttar Pradesh approves the allocation of ₹ 1,260 crores
for land acquisition.

25
 Source:https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/up-government-approves-rs-1-260-
crore-for-jewar-airport-land-acquisition-1952033

Dec 2018 The District Administration submits rehabilitation and resettlement (R&R)
document on land acquisition.

Source:https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/rehab-plan-of-
landlosers-for-jewar-airport-ready/articleshow/67294225.cms

Nov 2019 Zurich Airport won the contract on 29 November 2019 for developing and
operating the airport for 40 years.

Source:https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-
/-aviation/zurich-airports-win-bid-to-build-operate-jewar-airport-for-40-
years/articleshow/72293889.cms

Jan 2020 Land acquisition for phase-1 of the project required 1,334 hectares out of a
total requirement of 5,000 hectares completed. Phase-1 of the airport project
is to be completed by the year 2023.

Source:https://www.ndtv.com/noida-news/jewar-airport-land-for-jewar-
airport-phase-one-acquired-after-villagers-clash-with-officials-2170601

Oct 2020 The agreement signed between Noida International Airport Limited (NIAL)
and Flughafen Zurich AG [Flughafen Zürich AG (FZAG), based in Kloten,
Switzerland, is the owner and operator of Zurich Airport. It will build,
operate and manage the airport through its special-purpose vehicle-Yamuna
International Airport Private Limited (YIAPL).

Source:https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/up-zurich-set-to-sign-
final-jewar-airport-deal-on-oct-7/articleshow/78395758.cms

Feb 2021 The master plan for the airport approved by the Airport Authority of India
(AAI).

Source:https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/aai-reviews-jewar-

26
 airport-plan-gives-nod/articleshow/80777399.cms

Jul 2021 The process of handing over 1,334 ha. of land for Jewar airport to the Noida
International Airport Limited (NIAL) on a 90-year lease was completed. A
shareholder agreement was also signed between the airport developer
company, Zurich Airport International (AG), Yamuna International Airport
Pvt. Ltd and NIAL.

Source:https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/india-today-insight/story/why-is-yogi-
pushing-for-more-airports-in-up-1830465-2021-07-20

2.2 Screening and Scoping of the SIA:

i. The study screens out “no significant impact” from those with significant impact and
gets a broad picture of the issues' nature, scale, and magnitude.
ii. This is an initial assessment of likely impact and is not meant to determine the level of
impact. In addition, it has only identified all of the issues and affected groups.
iii. It attempts to identify key social issues associated with the proposed project and specify
its social development outcomes.
iv. The study has considered various project components and the likely impact of land
acquisition (loss of houses, livelihood, etc.), and resultant involuntary resettlement and
provided input (in terms of the magnitude of impacts and likely costs for mitigation) in
preparing appropriate mitigation plans.
v. The proposed land being acquired is mainly agricultural. It has no significant
community assets (e.g. school, community assets), including the religious structures
and common property resources (e.g. forest, grazing land) the impacts of their loss on
the local population.

The Uttar Pradesh Government intends to acquire the land for the Civil Aviation Department
as Requiring Body for expansion of the Noida International Airport Jewar, Gautam Budh
Nagar, UP and vide Notification No. 882/chhappan-2021-31/2016 (stage-2) dated 13 April
2021 under the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 (Act No. 30 of 2013). Accordingly, Gautam

27
Buddha University, Greater Noida, has been assigned to conduct SAI Study for the aforesaid
land acquisition. The land area proposed to be acquired for this project in this phase at six
villages is given as per the following details:

District Tehsil Villages from where the land has to Land areas to be acquired
be acquired (in Hectare)
Jewar Karauli Bangar 159.8569
Gautam Budha Nagar

Dayanatpur 145.0515
Kuraib 326.3567
Ranhera 458.0373
Mundrah 46.9700
Birampur 49.4190
Total Land Area 1185.6914 hectares

In order to ensure a humanitarian, participative, informed and transparent process for land
acquisition for the development of infrastructure facilities, “The Right to Fair Compensation
and Transparency in Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013” was
introduced by the Government of India. As required under section 109 to 112 of the given
Act, the Government of Uttar Pradesh (Govt. UP) issued “The Right to Fair Compensation
and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Uttar Pradesh)
Rules, 2016 (RFCTLARR-UP)”. The study has taken reference from there and was
conducted in the same policy framework.

28
 Chapter-03
Approach and Methodology in the Social Impact
Assessment

3.1. Description of the SIA

The Noida International Airport project at Jewar is viable only by addressing the
vulnerability and financial security of the population residing in the project affected area. In
an ideal situation, any project should not have any adverse effect on the people around;
however, this is not possible in its entirety. The Uttar Pradesh Government intends to acquire
the land for the Civil Aviation Department as Requiring Body for expansion of the Noida
International Airport Jewar, Gautam Budh Nagar, UP and vide Notification No.
882/chhappan-2021-31/2016 (stage-2) dated 13 April 2021 under the Right to Fair
Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act
2013 (Act No. 30 of 2013). Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, has been assigned to
carry out SAI Study for the aforesaid land acquisition to be carved out of the six villages of
which 1185.6914 hectares of land area is proposed to be acquired for this project in villages
namely, Dayanatpur-145.0515 hectares, Birampur-49.4190 hectares, Mundrah-46.9700
hectares, Ranhera-458.0373 hectares, Kuraib-326.3567 hectares, and Karauli Bangar-
159.8569 hectares.

29
However, the government is determined to address the security and financial concerns of the
PAFs of the four villages under the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act 2013. Thereby, a
social impact assessment is carried out to assess the socio-economic conditions of the PAFs
and arrive at the estimate of the losses that they will be compromising of in terms of a)
Assets- movable and immovable; b) Loss of livelihood opportunities; c) Social structures
with places of religious, symbolic or cultural significance. The SIA report may further be
used for putting together the resettlement action plan to mitigate the adverse impacts of the
affected population. A comprehensive Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP) has also been
carried out to make a rehabilitation plan of PAPs after extensive stakeholders consultation.

The SIA report is essential and valuable in comprehending the existing social fabric amongst
the affected population, and this can help in developing the subsequent effective R&R plan.
As per the RFCTLARR (UP) Rules, 2016, any infrastructural project proposing the
acquisition of land from the project affected families is required to make adequate provisions
for the PAFs in a way that ensures the improvement in their social as well economic status
post-acquisition. A comprehensive social impact assessment is the primary step towards
assuring the same.

3.2 Rationale and Objective of the SIA

The overall objective of the Social impact assessment is to ensure that the project addresses
the adverse impact on the livelihood of the people and that nobody is left worse off after
implementing the resettlement action plan and those affected have to access to project
benefits, both during the project construction as well as operation. The study aims to address
the issues of the Identified Stakeholders in terms of directly or indirectly and positively and
negatively affected PAFs; vulnerable groups; PAFs, who might have an interest or feel that
they are concerned; an affected population whose cooperation, expertise, or influence would
be helpful to the success of the project. The socio-economic report for this project undertakes
preliminary investigation for determination of the social impact and public purpose
concerning the proposed acquisition of land required for development & construction of the
project and for preparation of Social Impact Management Plan in order to establish that the
potential benefits and the public purpose for the proposed acquisitions shall outweigh the
social costs and adverse social impact as determined by the Social Impact Assessment.

3.3 The Research Methodology

30
This SIA study aligns with the rules as defined in the “The Right to Fair Compensation and
Transparency in Land Acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement (Uttar Pradesh) Rules,
2016”. The methodology adopted to assess the impact includes both qualitative and
quantitative methods. The quantitative data collection was done through a structured socio-
economic survey that incorporated all the demographic details and the vulnerability status of
project-affected people. The qualitative approach includes the primary information gathered
through site surveys, community consultations, observations, and focus group discussions
with PAFs on gathering the necessary information on existing demographic, socio-economic
and cultural conditions in the required project area and develop a baseline for the survey.

3.3.1 Data needs and Information requirements

The land to be acquired consists of six villages, namely, Dayanatpur, Birampur, Mundrah,
Ranhera, Kureb, and Karauli Bangar, located in Jewar Tehsil UP. There are 183 gatas
Dayanatpur, 139 gatas in Birampur, 178 gatas in Mundrah, 788 gatas in Ranhera, 453 gatas
in Kuraib, and 246 gatas in Karauli Bangar to be acquired under the project, which makes a
total Gata count of 1987 with a total land mass of 1185.6914 hectares. Therefore, the data
needed a census survey to conduct the Social Impact Analysis of the Project Affected
Families (PAFs).

3.3.2 Data collection

The data collection continued for over two and a half months with regular visits and contacts
with the PAFs. Out of 1987 gatas in all, most of the respondents were very supportive and
active in sharing the information required for the study. A few of them chose not to respond
to the structured Questionnaire; however, they were actively engaged in discussions and
sharing their apprehensions and concerns regarding the project and ongoing survey activities.
Their responses were noted with the qualitative data collection techniques and duly
incorporated in the preparation of this report.

The data collection was done in two phases for the quantitative as well as qualitative data
requirements. For the detailed quantitative analysis, the SIA team visited the six villages and
surveyed the areas that would be affected by the project (both directly and indirectly). The
primary survey was conducted through a structured questionnaire to gather the geographical
and socio-economic details of the PAFs of the project affected area, which provided first-
hand insights into the actual livelihood of the affected people and helped to understand the

31
geographic limits of the site and the people living there in a better way. Then, for the
qualitative analysis, the SIA team conducted a series of the Focused Group Discussions
(FGDs) with the project affected families.

3.4 Tools Used to Collect Information

Since the methodology adopted is both qualitative and quantitative in nature, the tools
required are detailed as follows:

3.4.1 Socio-Economic Survey

For the quantitative study, socio-economic survey was conducted to assess the social and
economic impacts on PAPs of the four villages. The primary survey was conducted among
the families (PAFs) and the family members (PAPs) affected by the proposed project. The
survey was carried out by using a structured socio-economic survey format. This survey was
conducted to generate baseline information on socio-economic conditions of the PAFs and
PAPs and assess the extent of impacts due to the proposed project. The survey was
administered to the head of the household preferably; otherwise, an adult member of the
household was requested to respond. The socio-economic Questionnaire was developed
keeping in view the aims and objectives and baseline data needed for assessing the socio-
economic conditions of project affected persons with specific concerns to vulnerable sections
of the society (SC, ST, Women headed households, Disabled, Elderly Persons, etc.) for
monitoring the status of project-affected people during and after the implementation of the
project, if any. The socio-economic questionnaire format also covered the thematic areas as
per Form III of the RFCTLARR (UP) Rules, 2016. The survey questionnaire to assess the
Social Impact of PAFs was based on the Tendulkar Committee (2009), which was
conceptualized as: people‟s way of life, their culture, their community, their political systems,
their environment, their health and wellbeing, their personal and property rights, their fears
and aspirations.

The detailed survey questionnaire consisted of 10 parts. The socio-economic survey format
covered data generation through the following sections:

 Demographic details of the project affected families- the PAFs

 Kinship, education and occupation patterns of the project affected people (all the
members of the affected families)- the PAPs
 Land ownership/use and livelihood

32
  Trees and crops details and patterns
 Poverty levels and vulnerable groups
 Quality of life (potable water, toilets, electricity, etc.)
 Common resources and public amenities

Finally, the structured survey collected data about the perceived impact on land, livelihood
and income, physical resources, private assets, public services and utilities, etc. The
Questionnaire was also focused on determining the vulnerability of the PAFs due to their land
being acquired for the project. As per Tendulkar Committee Report (2009), vulnerability is
defined as the diminished capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope with, resist
and recover from the impact that is caused either due to man-made or natural hazards.
Physical, economic, social and political factors determine the level of vulnerability among
people. Examples of potentially vulnerable groups include displaced populations, migrants,
returnees, young children, dependent women, widows, older people and disabled persons.
The vulnerability thus developed for the Questionnaire addressed the Physical Vulnerability,
Economic Vulnerability, Social Vulnerability, and Emotional Vulnerability of the PAFs. The
structured socio-economic survey thus developed was distributed in person among the PAFs
of the four villages.

3.4.2. Community Stakeholder Consultations and FGDs

In order to support the quantitative findings, detailed discussions were held with community
stakeholders, and various focus group discussions were conducted to get the primary feel and
understanding of PAPs in relation to the proposed project. The main objectives of these
consultations were to promote public awareness of the proposed project and find out
meaningful solutions to developmental issues, such as, local needs and problems, loss of
livelihoods, impact on religious structures, alternatives, resettlement issues, etc. In addition,
the community consultations aimed to generate data pertaining to the entire community, as
perceived by the people of these communities and their concerns regarding the proposed
project.

The FGDs were conducted after the socio-economic survey to understand the backgrounds
and demographic composition of the PAPs to have a better understanding of their
perceptions. The visits were announced ahead of time so that the project affected people had
ample time to schedule and respond to the surveyor.

33
In addition, spot consultations in groups and individual consultations were also held at
several places during the field survey work. The outcome of the consultations was shared
with the design team for integrating the social concerns wherever feasible.

3.4.3 Overview of Information and Data Sources Used

Information for the report was collected from both primary and secondary sources. The
primary source of data collection included the survey and stakeholders‟ consultations. The
secondary sources of data are listed below:

 Primary census data highlights for Uttar Pradesh- Census 2011

(http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/PCA_Highlights/PCA_Highlights_
UP.html)

 District Census Handbook, Gautam Budh Nagar; „Village and Town wise Primary
Census Abstract‟
(http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0910_PART_B_DCHB_GAUTAM%20B
UDDHA%20NAGAR.pdf)

 Agriculture Census Data 2010- 11

(http://agcensus.dacnet.nic.in/statesummarytype.aspx)

 Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation

and Resettlement Act, 2013
 Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation
and Resettlement (Uttar Pradesh) Rules, 2016
 Land Records from the Revenue Department
 Source: Census, 2011 (https://www.censusindia2011.com/uttar-pradesh/gautam-
buddha-nagar/dadri-population)

 District Census Handbook, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, The Census of India
2011 [Series 10, Part XII-A]

 Project Report: Feasibility of 6 runways at Noida International Greenfield Airport, by

Pricewaterhouse Coopers Private Limited, December 2020

3.5. The SIA Team and their Area of Expertise

34
 The team responsible for conducting the Social Impact Assessment study and for formulating
the SIA report is as follows:

1. Prof. Bandna Pandey (Media and Communication) Chairperson

2. Dr. Om Prakash (Language and Content Writing) Member
3. Dr. Anand Pratap Singh (Psychology) Member
4. Dr. Rakesh Kumar Srivastava (Finance & Data Analysis) Member
5. Dr. Amit Kumar Awasthi (Statistics and Data Analysis) Member
6. Dr. Vivek Kumar Mishra (Political Science) Nodal Officer

3.6. Schedule of the Study and Consultation with Stakeholders

S. No. Date Place Meeting and Consultation

The letter received from the DM/ADM-LA vide

Greater Noida
1. 20/04/2021 8023/08-ADM-LA/Greater Noida/Gautam
ADM-LA Office
Budh Nagar
GBU Meeting with Greater Noida Authority in the
2. 03/05/2021
Greater Noida Office of the Nodal Officer
GBU
3. 10/05/ 2021 Notification of the constitution of the SIA Team
Greater Noida
GBU Meeting of the SIA Team in the Office of the
4. 14/05/2021
Greater Noida Chairperson
Greater Noida Submission of the Terms of Reference to the
5. 21/05/2021
ADM-LA Office approving authority
6. 27/05/2021 Lucknow Approval of the ToR
Pre-survey work begins in consultations with
GBU
7. 31/05/2021 the concerned Tehsildar and Lekhpal from
Greater Noida
Jewar Tehsil
GBU Meeting with the SDM in the Office of the
1. 07/06/2021
Greater Noida Nodal Officer
GBU SIA Team meeting and review of the work in
2. 09/06/2021
Greater Noida the Office of the Chairperson
GBU
3. 11/06/2021 Final Questionnaire ready and reviewed
Greater Noida
4. 14/06/2021 JewarTehsil Site Visit (Ranhera, Mundrah and Kureb)
5. 15/06/2021 Jewar Tehsil Site Visit (Dayanat Pur, Karauli Bangar and

35
 Viram Pur)
16/06/2021 Site Visit for FGD and Data Collection
6. to Jewar Tehsil (Ranhera, Mundrah and Kureb, Dayanat Pur,
03/09/2021 Karauli Bangar and Viram Pur)
7. 15/09/2021 Jewar Tehsil Site Visit for FGD and Validating of the Data
16/09/2021 – GBU
8. Compilation of Data and Analysis
20/09/2021 Greater Noida
GBU Draft of Report submitted for the scheduling of
9. 25/09/2021
Greater Noida Public hearing
ADM-LA Office Notification of Public Hearing vide office order
10. 23/10/2021
Greater Noida 1649/8- ADM(LA) Gautam Budh Nagar
Public hearing convened at MUNDRAH
11. 01/11/2021 Jewar
Village
Public hearing convened at BIRAMPUR
12. 02/11/2021 Jewar
Village
13. 08/11/2021 Jewar Public hearing convened at KURAIB Village
Public hearing convened at KARAULI
14. 09/11/2021 Jewar
BANGAR Village
15. 10/11/2021 Jewar Public hearing convened at RANHERA Village
Public hearing convened at DAYANATPUR
16. 11/11/2021 Jewar
Village
ADMLA Office PDF Version of the Draft Report sent for
17. 16.11.2021
Greater Noida evaluation by the Expert Group

36
 Chapter-04
Socio-Economic Profile of Impact Zone
4.1. Overview of Uttar Pradesh and Project Influence Area
The project is located in the Jewar Tehsil of Gautam Budh Nagar, District of Uttar Pradesh.
Uttar Pradesh is located in the northern part of the country, between 77°3‟E to 84°39‟E
longitudes and 23°52‟N to 30°28‟N latitudes. In terms of area, it is the fourth largest state in
India and covers about 2,40,928 sq. km, which accounts for 9 per cent of the total area and
16.5 per cent of the country's population. The State is bound on the west by Rajasthan,
Haryana and Delhi to the north-west, Uttarakhand and the country of Nepal to the north,
Bihar to the east, Madhya Pradesh to the south, and touches the states of Jharkhand and
Chhattisgarh to the south-east. The State is organized into 75/83 districts, and 307/316 tehsils
and 821/901 development blocks. About 78% of the total population of the state resides in
rural areas. The following table 4.1 presents an overview of Uttar Pradesh as per the Census,
2011.

Table: 4.1 Overview of Uttar Pradesh

Indicators

Area (Sq. km) 240928

Household (No.) 33448035

Total Population 199812341

Rural Population (%) 77.7

Urban Population (%) 22.3

SC Population (%) 20.7

ST Population (%) 0.6

Sex ratio (females/1000 males) 912

37
 Overall Literacy (%) 67.7

Female Literacy (%) 57.2

Contribution to Gross State Agriculture and allied (%) 16.6

Domestic Product (2013-14)
Agriculture (%) 15.0

Industry (%) 16.2

Mining and Quarrying (%) 0.7

Manufacturing (%) 9.0

Services (%) 42.5

Annual Rainfall (average mm) 990

Workforce Participation rate (%) 32.9

Male workers (%) 75.7

Female workers (%) 24.3

Main workers (%) 67.8

Marginal workers (%) 32.2

Source: Census 2011

The predominance of the agricultural sector characterizes the state of Uttar Pradesh with
heavy dependence on monsoon, a high percentage of marginal and small land holdings,
increased population pressure, high incidence of poverty, low literacy rate, unemployment
and low per capita income, small manufacturing sector. As a result, the share of agriculture
has been declining, but it continues to play a significant part in the economy in terms of
employment. It employs about 60% of the workforce who continue to depend on agriculture
and allied activities as a prime source of their livelihood and contributes less than one-third of
the State income.

Uttar Pradesh is a major food grain producing State in rice, wheat, chickpea and pigeon pea.
Sugarcane is the State's principal commercial crop, primarily concentrated in the western and

38
central belts of the State. U.P. is also a significant producer of vegetables, fruits and potatoes.
However, the per capita availability of land has been declining with the increase in
population. The average size of land holdings in the State is only 0.86 hectares, while 75.4
per cent of holdings are below one hectare. Refer to table 4.2.

Table: 4.2 Primary Census Abstract Figures at a Glance, Uttar Pradesh3

2001 2011 Increase

No. of Districts 70 71 1

No. of Sub-Districts 300 312 12

No. of Towns 704 915 211

No. of Statutory Towns 638 648 10

No. of Census Towns 66 267 201

No. of Villages 1,07,452 1,06,774 (-)678

No. of Households Normal 2,56,44,759 3,32,32,433 75,87,674
Institutional 69,848 143150 73,302
Houseless 43,033 72,452 29,419
Absolute Percentage
Total population
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 19,98,12,341 15,53,17,278 4,44,95,063 100.0 77.7 22.3
Males 10,44,80,510 8,09,92,995 2,34,87,515 100.0 77.5 22.5
Females 9,53,31,831 7,43,24,283 2,10,07,548 100.0 78.0 22.0
Absolute Percentage
Decadal change 2001-2011
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 3,36,14,420 2,36,58,939 99,55,481 20.2 18.0 28.8
Males 1,69,15,141 1,18,35,525 50,79,616 19.3 17.1 27.6
Females 1,66,99,279 1,18,23,414 48,75,865 21.2 18.9 30.2
Area in Sq. Km. 2,40,928.00 2,33,365.71 7,562.29
Density of Population 829 666 5,884
Sex Ratio 912 918 894
Child Population in the age Absolute Percentage to total population
group 0-6 years Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 3,07,91,331 2,50,40,583 57,50,748 15.4 16.1 12.9
Males 1,61,85,581 1,31,35,595 30,49,986 15.5 16.2 13.0
Females 1,46,05,750 1,19,04,988 27,00,762 15.3 16.0 12.9
Child Sex Ratio 902 906 885
Absolute Literacy rate
Literates
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 11,43,97,555 8,52,84,680 2,91,12,875 67.7 65.5 75.1
Males 6,82,34,964 5,17,93,688 1,64,41,276 77.3 76.3 80.4
Females 4,61,62,591 3,34,90,992 1,26,71,599 57.2 53.7 69.2
Literates Scheduled Caste Absolute Literacy rate

3
Source: Census of India 2011, Uttar Pradesh Series 10 Part XII-A, District Census Handbook Gautam Buddha
Nagar, pp: xv-xvi.

39
 Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 2,09,48,471 1,76,53,671 32,94,800 60.9 59.8 67.5
Males 1,29,58,341 1,09,94,315 19,64,026 71.8 71.1 75.6
Females 79,90,130 66,59,356 13,30,774 48.9 47.3 58.2
Literates Scheduled Tribe Absolute Literacy
rate
Persons 5,16,553 4,57,048 59,505 55.7 54.5 67.0
Males 3,18,528 2,83,110 35,418 67.1 66.2 74.8
Females 1,98,025 1,73,938 24,087 43.7 42.3 58.0
Absolute Percentage to total population
Scheduled Caste population
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 4,13,57,608 3,56,85,227 56,72,381 20.7 23.0 12.7
Males 2,16,76,975 1,86,63,920 30,13,055 20.7 23.0 12.8
Females 1,96,80,633 1,70,21,307 26,59,326 20.6 22.9 12.7
Absolute Percentage to total population
Scheduled Tribe population
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 11,34,273 10,31,076 1,03,197 0.6 0.7 0.2
Males 5,81,083 5,26,315 54,768 0.6 0.6 0.2
Females 5,53,190 5,04,761 48,429 0.6 0.7 0.2
Workers and Non Workers
Absolute Work Participation Rate
Total Workers
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 6,58,14,715 5,19,50,980 1,38,63,735 32.9 33.4 31.2
Males 4,98,46,762 3,83,52,879 1,14,93,883 47.7 47.4 48.9
Females 1,59,67,953 1,35,98,101 23,69,852 16.7 18.3 11.3
Absolute Percentage to total workers
Main Workers
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 4,46,35,492 3,35,38,817 1,10,96,675 67.8 64.6 80.0
Males 3,74,20,299 2,78,12,347 96,07,952 75.1 72.5 83.6
Females 72,15,193 57,26,470 14,88,723 45.2 42.1 62.8
Absolute Percentage to total workers
Marginal Workers
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 2,11,79,223 1,84,12,163 27,67,060 32.2 35.4 20.0
Males 1,24,26,463 1,05,40,532 18,85,931 24.9 27.5 16.4
Females 87,52,760 78,71,631 8,81,129 54.8 57.9 37.2
Absolute Percentage to total marginal
Marginal Workers workers
(3-6 months) Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 1,68,85,149 1,44,91,868 23,93,281 79.7 78.7 86.5
Males 1,01,56,804 85,31,773 16,25,031 81.7 80.9 86.2
Females 67,28,345 59,60,095 7,68,250 76.9 75.7 87.2
Absolute Percentage to total marginal
Marginal Workers workers
(Less than 3 months) Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 42,94,074 39,20,295 3,73,779 20.3 21.3 13.5
Males 22,69,659 20,08,759 2,60,900 18.3 19.1 13.8
Females 20,24,415 19,11,536 1,12,879 23.1 24.3 12.8
Absolute Percentage to total population
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Non Workers Persons 133997626 103366298 30631328 67.1 66.6 68.8
Males 54633748 42640116 11993632 52.3 52.6 51.1
Females 79363878 60726182 18637696 83.3 81.7 88.7
Category of workers (Main+Marginal)
Absolute Percentage to total workers
Total Cultivators
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 1,90,57,888 1,85,00,982 5,56,906 29.0 35.6 4.0
Males 1,55,11,533 1,50,30,284 4,81,249 31.1 39.2 4.2
Females 35,46,355 34,70,698 75,657 22.2 25.5 3.2
Absolute Percentage to total workers
Total Agricultural Labourers
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 1,99,39,223 1,89,10,579 10,28,644 30.3 36.4 7.4
Males 1,38,03,442 1,29,57,833 8,45,609 27.7 33.8 7.4

40
 Females 61,35,781 59,52,746 1,83,035 38.4 43.8 7.7
Total Household Industry Absolute Percentage to total workers
Workers Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 38,98,590 26,87,850 12,10,740 5.9 5.2 8.7
Males 23,54,136 14,94,896 8,59,240 4.7 3.9 7.5
Females 15,44,454 11,92,954 3,51,500 9.7 8.8 14.8
Absolute Percentage to total workers
Total Other Workers
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 2,29,19,014 1,18,51,569 1,10,67,445 34.8 22.8 79.8
Males 1,81,77,651 88,69,866 93,07,785 36.5 23.1 81.0
Females 47,41,363 29,81,703 17,59,660 29.7 21.9 74.3
Source: Census of India 2011, Uttar Pradesh Series 10 Part XII-A, District Census Handbook Gautam Buddha
Nagar, pp: xv-xvi.

4.2 Overview of District Gautam Budh Nagar 4

The District Gautam Budh Nagar was formed on 6/9/97 with effect from Govt. order no
1249/97/82/97 by carving out Ghaziabad's portions Bulandshahar. Gautam Buddha Nagar
district is situated in the Doab of Ganga and Yamuna rivers between the parallels of 28º 6'
to 28º 40' north latitude and 77º 17' - 77º 42' East longitude. It is bounded in the north by
district Ghaziabad and in the south by district Aligarh. In the east lies district Bulandshahr. In
the west, river Yamuna forms a natural boundary with Delhi and the Faridabad district of
Haryana state. Thus, the district is vertically stretched from north to south rather than east to
west. The total area of the district is 1282 sq km.

Agriculture and Cropping Pattern: Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the district
economy. The agriculture system in the district is well developed. The prospects of
cultivation are very encouraging. Scientific methods of cultivation and availability of a high
yielding variety of seeds, knowledge about balanced use of fertilizers etc., are the main
contributory factors that have enhanced the productivity of different crops. Rabi and Kharif
are the two main harvests of the district. Wheat and Gram in Rabi and Maize and Paddy in
Kharif are the main crops of the district. Improved agricultural practices, such as using a high
yielding variety of seeds, fertilizers, enhanced agrarian implements, plant protection
measures, have shown encouraging results, and the gross and net production of many crops
have increased. Out of the total gross area sown, the main crops of the district are wheat and
sugarcane. The next follow is paddy, bajra and maize. The irrigation network includes
canals, tube wells, pump sets and other miscellaneous sources. Tube wells are the main

4
Census of India 2011, Uttar Pradesh Series 10 Part XII-A, District Census Handbook Gautam Buddha Nagar,
pp: xii

41
source of irrigation.
Animal Husbandry: Animal Husbandry plays an important role in the rural economy
of the district. It provides draught power for cultivation as well as supplements the
income of the farmers by animal husbandry products. Its vicinity to Delhi, which is a
good market for milk, has boosted dairying. Animal husbandry is a supplementary
economic activity for marginal farmers.
Trade and Commerce: Greater Noida, Surajpur, Dadri and Jewar are the leading trade
centres of the district. These centres cater to more than 90 per cent of the trade with
neighbouring districts and Delhi and export to other states and countries of the world.
Map of District Gautam Budh Nagar

Source: Census of India 2011, Uttar Pradesh Series 10 Part XII-A, District Census
Handbook Gautam Buddha Nagar, pp: 02
Table: 4.3 Primary Census Abstract, Gautam Buddha Nagar5
5
Census of India 2011, Uttar Pradesh Series 10 Part XII-A, District Census Handbook Gautam Buddha Nagar,
pp: xiii-xiv.

42
Particulars 2001 2011 Variation

No.of Sub-Districts 3 3 0

No.of Towns 9 13 4

No.of Statutory Towns 7 6 -1

No.of Census Towns 2 7 5

No.of Villages 422 320 -102

No. of Households Normal 20,313 3,25,089 3,04,776

Institutional 601 1,085 484
Houseless 571 916 345
Total population Absolute Percentage
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 16,48,115 6,73,806 9,74,309 100 40.9 59.1
Males 8,90,214 3,59,605 5,30,609 100 40.4 59.6
Females 7,57,901 3,14,201 4,43,700 100 41.5 58.5
Decadal change 2001-2011 Absolute Percentage
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 5,42,823 10,790 5,32,033 49.1 1.6 120.3
Males 2,89,260 1,550 2,87,710 48.1 0.4 118.4
Females 2,53,563 9,240 2,44,323 50.3 3.0 122.5
Area in Sq. Km. 1,282.0 1,093.9 188.2
Density of Population 1,286 616 5,177
Sex Ratio 851 874 836
Child Population in the age Absolute Percentage to total population
group 0-6 years Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 2,46,598 1,09,480 1,37,118 15.0 16.2 14.1
Males 1,33,835 59,951 73,884 15.0 16.7 13.9
Females 1,12,763 49,529 63,234 14.9 15.8 14.3
Child Sex Ratio 843 826 856
Literates Absolute Literacy rate
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 11,22,947 4,21,928 7,01,019 80.1 74.8 83.7
Males 6,66,065 2,58,660 4,07,405 88.1 86.3 89.2
Females 4,56,882 1,63,268 2,93,614 70.8 61.7 77.2
Literates Scheduled Caste Absolute Literacy rate
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 1,28,324 75,811 52,513 70.9 70.4 71.6
Males 80,178 47,816 32,362 83.0 83.8 81.8
Females 48,146 27,995 20,151 57.1 55.3 59.7
Literates Scheduled Tribe Absolute Literacy rate
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 1,575 112 1,463 83.1 61.5 85.4
Males 911 67 844 89.3 69.8 91.3
Females 664 45 619 75.8 52.3 78.4
Absolute Percentage to total population
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Scheduled Caste Persons 2,16,105 1,29,086 87,019 13.1 19.2 8.9
population Males 1,15,438 68,551 46,887 13.0 19.1 8.8
Females 1,00,667 60,535 40,132 13.3 19.3 9.0

43
Scheduled Tribe population Absolute Percentage to total population
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 2,215 220 1,995 0.1 0.0 0.2
Males 1,189 116 1,073 0.1 0.0 0.2
Females 1,026 104 922 0.1 0.0 0.2
Workers and Non Workers
Total Workers Absolute Work Participation Rate
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Penons 5,69,109 2,16,673 3,52,436 34.5 32.2 36.2
Males 4,43,384 1,63,103 2,80,281 49.8 45.4 52.8
Females 1,25,725 53,570 72,155 16.6 17.0 16.3
Main Workers Absolute Percentage to total workers
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Penons 4,58,492 1,56,310 3,02,182 80.6 72.1 85.7
Males 3,77,875 1,29,770 2,48,105 85.2 79.6 88.5
Females 80,617 26,540 54,077 64.1 49.5 74.9
Marginal Workers Absolute Percentage to total workers
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 1,10,617 60,363 50,254 19.4 27.9 14.3
Males 65,509 33,333 32,176 14.8 20.4 11.5
Females 45,108 27,030 18,078 35.9 50.5 25.1
Marginal Workers (3-6 months) Absolute Percentage to total marginal
workers
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 95,306 50,112 45,194 86.2 83.0 89.9
Males 57,093 28,324 28,769 87.2 85.0 89.4
Females 38,213 21,788 16,425 84.7 80.6 90.9
Marginal Workers (Less than 3 Absolute Percentage to total marginal
months) workers
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 15,311 10,251 5,060 13.8 17.0 10.1
Males 8,416 5,009 3,407 12.8 15.0 10.6
Females 6,895 5,242 1,653 15.3 19.4 9.1
Non Workers Absolute Percentage to total population
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 10,79,006 4,57,133 6,21,873 65.5 67.8 63.8
Males 4,46,830 1,96,502 2,50,328 50.2 54.6 47.2
Females 6,32,176 2,60,631 3,71,545 83.4 83.0 83.7
Category of workers (Main+Marginal)
Total Cultivators Absolute Percentage to total workers
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 72,668 63,695 8,973 12.8 29.4 2.5
Males 58,803 51,437 7,366 13.3 31.5 2.6
Females 13,865 12,258 1,607 11.0 22.9 2.2
Total Agricultural Labourers Absolute Percentage to total workers
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 48,845 37,086 11,759 8.6 17.1 3.3
Males 35,498 25,828 9,670 8.0 15.8 3.5
Females 13,347 11,258 2,089 10.6 21.0 2.9
Total Household Industry Absolute Percentage to total workers
Workers Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Persons 35,400 15,568 19,832 6.2 7.2 5.6
Males 21,778 8,493 13,285 4.9 5.2 4.7
Females 13,622 7,075 6,547 10.8 13.2 9.1
Total Other Workers Absolute Percentage to total workers
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

44
 Persons 4,12,196 1,00,324 3,11,872 72.4 46.3 88.5
Males 3,27,305 77,345 2,49,960 73.8 47.4 89.2
Females 84,891 22,979 61,912 67.5 42.9 85.8

4.3. Project Influence Area: Overview of Jewar Tehsil

Jewar is a Tehsil located in the Gautam Buddha Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh. It is one of 3
Tehsils of Gautam Buddha Nagar district. There are 92 villages and three towns in Jewar
Tehsil. It is situated on the northeast bank of the Yamuna River. It is located between 28.13°
North latitude and 77.55° East longitude at the height of 195 metres (639 feet) above mean
sea level. As per the Census of India 2011, Jewar Tehsil has 36975 households, a population
of 221232, of which 118790 are males, and 102442 are females. The population of children
between ages 0-6 is 35925, which is 16.24% of the total population. The sex ratio of Jewar
Tehsil is around 862 compared to 912, which is the average of Uttar Pradesh state. The
literacy rate of Jewar Tehsil is 58.23%, out of which 68.01% males are literate and 46.89%
females are literate. The total area of Jewar is 369.96 sq. km, with a population density of 598
per sq. km. Out of the total population, 73.45% of the population lives in urban areas and
26.55% in rural areas. There are 23.5% Scheduled Caste (SC) and 0% Scheduled Tribe (ST)
of the total population in the Tehsil.

Table: 4.4 Overview of Jewar Tehsil

Number of Households 36975

Population 221232

Male Population 118790 (53.69%)

Female Population 102442 (46.31%)

Children Population 35925

Area 369.96 km2

Population density/km2 598

Sex-ratio 862

Literacy 58.23%

Male Literacy 68.01%

Female Literacy 46.89%

Scheduled Tribes (ST) % 0%

Scheduled Caste (SC) % 23.5%

Urban & Rural Population

45
Description Urban Rural
Number of households 8775 28200
Total Population 58729 162503
Population (%) 53.17% 46.11%
Male Population 31224 87566
Female Population 27505 74937
Sex Ratio 881 856
Literacy (%) 53.83% 59.82%

Table 4.5: Sex Ratio of Population in the Age Group 0-6 for Tahsils, 2011

Name of Tahsil Total / Rural / Total population in 0-6 age group Sex ratio for

Urban 0-6 age group

Persons Males Females
2 3 4 5 6 7

Jewar Total 35925 19669 16256 826

Rural 26358 14539 11819 813

Urban 9567 5130 4437 865

District: Gautam Budh Nagar Total 246598 133835 112763 843

Rural 109480 59951 49529 826

Urban 137118 73884 63234 856

Table 4.5 presents the population of age-group 0-6 years and sex-ratio for total, rural and
urban areas in respect of each tahsil of the district. Total population in this group 0-6 is
2,46,598 persons comprising of 1,33,835 males and 1,12,763 females. The total sex
ratio in this age group works out to 843 females for every thousand males in the district.
The sex ratio in rural areas (826) is lower than in urban areas (856) in this age group.
The sex ratio of 826 in tahsil Jewar is equal to the district rural average. The rural sex ratio
in tahsil varies between 813 in Jewar tahsil and 843 in Gautam Buddha Nagar tahsil. In
urban areas, the higher sex- ratio is recorded in Jewar urban (865), and the lowest is
found in Gautam Buddha Nagar (827).

46
Table 4.6: Number and Percentage of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Population in Tahsils, 2011

Name of Total Total Total Total Percentage of Percentage of

Tahsil Rural population Scheduled Scheduled Scheduled Scheduled
Urban Castes Tribes Castes Tribes
population population population to population to
total population total population
2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Total 221232 51991 1 23.5 0

Jewar

Rural 162503 41339 1 25.44 0

Urban 58729 10652 0 18.14 0

Total 1648115 216105 2215 13.11 0.13

Buddha Nagar
Gautam

Rural 673806 129086 220 19.16 0.03

Urban 974309 87019 1995 8.93 0.2

Table 4.6 depicts the distribution of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population
and their percentage to total population at tahsil level in rural and urban areas of the
district in 2011 Census. Of the 1,648,115 total population of the district, 13.11 per cent
belongs to the Scheduled Castes and 0.13 per cent to Scheduled Tribes. The percentage
of Scheduled Castes population constitutes 19.16 per cent of the rural population and
8.93 per cent of the district's urban population. The highest percentage of the total
Scheduled Castes population is recorded in Jewar tahsil (23.50) while the lowest is in
Dadri tahsil (10.26). The proportion of Scheduled Tribes population is 0.03 and 0.2 in
rural and urban areas, respectively. Scheduled Tribes population is mainly found in the
rural and urban areas of Dadri tahsil.

Table 4.7: Number and Percentage of Literates and Illiterates by Tahsils, 2011

Name of Total Number of literates and illiterates Percentage of literates

Tahsil Rural
Urban
Number of literates Number of illiterates

Persons Males Females Person s Males Females Persons Males Females

47
 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Total 128823 80788 48035 92409 38002 54407 69.52 81.5 55.73
Jewar

Rural 97210 61489 35721 65293 26077 39216 71.4 84.2 56.59

Urban 31613 19299 12314 27116 11925 15191 64.3 73.96 53.38

Total 1122947 666065 456882 525168 224149 301019 80.12 88.06 70.82
District: Gautam
Buddha Nagar

Rural 421928 258660 163268 251878 100945 150933 74.77 86.32 61.69

Urban 701019 407405 293614 273290 123204 150086 83.73 89.2 77.17

District and tahsil-wise literacy rate besides the number of literates and illiterates for total,
rural and urban areas are given in table-20. The literacy rate is worked out by excluding the
population of 0-6 years. As per the 2011 Census, the proportion of literates to total population
comes to 80.12 per cent in the district. This proportion in the rural area is 74.77 per cent
against 83.73 per cent in urban areas. In the district, the literacy rate of males (88.06 per cent)
is much higher than that of females (70.82 per cent). Among the tahsils, Dadri tahsil tops with
82.94 per cent literates, followed by Gautam Buddha Nagar (77.46 per cent). Jewar tahsil,
with 69.52 per cent of literates, stands at the bottom in the district. The gap between male and
female literacy is very high, which comes to 17.24 percentage points in the district. The
trend at t h e tahsil level is not much different. However, this gap in urban literacy is low,
which comes to 12.03 points, while in rural areas, this gap is found to be 24.63 percentage
points.

Table 4.8: Number and Percentage of Main Workers, Marginal Workers,

and Non- Workers by Sex in Jewar Tahsil, 2011

Name of Persons Total Main workers Marginal Total workers Non-workers

Tahsil Males population workers (Main and
Females marginal)
Number Percen Numbe Percent Number Percenta Number Percenta
tage r age ge ge
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Persons 221232 49847 22.53 22635 10.23 72482 32.76 148750 67.24
Jewar

Males 118790 41731 35.13 12476 10.50 54207 45.63 64583 54.37
Females 102442 8116 7.92 10159 9.92 18275 17.84 84167 82.16

48
 Persons 1648115 458492 27.82 110617 6.71 569109 34.53 1079006 65.47
District:
Gautam Buddha
Nagar
Males 890214 377875 42.45 65509 7.36 443384 49.81 446830 50.19

Females 757901 80617 10.64 45108 5.95 125725 16.59 632176 83.41

Table 4.8 gives the number and percentage of main workers, marginal workers and
non-workers by sex at the tahsil level in the district as per the 2011 Census. The
proportion of the total workers works out to 34.53 per cent of the total population in
the district. The total workers comprise 27.82 per cent of main workers, 6.71 per cent of
marginal workers and the remaining 65.47 per cent are non-workers. Among the main
workers, the male participation rate in the district is 42.45 per cent and 10.64 per cent
of females. Male and female marginal workers account for 7.36 and 5.95 per cent
respectively. The percentage of female marginal workers is lower than males. Total
workers (main and marginal) among tahsils varies from 32.74 per cent in Gautam
Buddha Nagar tahsil to 35.39 per cent in Dadri tahsil.

Name of Persons Total Total Category of workers

Tahsil Males Population number of
Females workers Cultivators Agricultural Household Other
(Main + Labourers Industry workers
Marginal) workers
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Persons 221232 72482 22982 17022 5910 26568

Jewar

(32.76) (31.71) (23.48) (8.15) (36.65)

Males 118790 54207 18851 12067 2913 20376
(45.63) (34.78) (22.26) (5.37) (37.59)

Females 102442 18275 4131 4955 2997 6192

(17.84) (22.60) (27.11) (16.40) (33.88)

Persons 1648115 569109 72668 48845 35400 412196

District: Gautam
Buddha Nagar

(34.53) (12.77) (8.58) (6.22) (72.43)

Males 890214 443384 58803 35498 21778 327305

(49.81) (13.26) (8.01) (4.91) (73.82)

Females 757901 125725 13865 13347 13622 84891

(16.59) (11.03) (10.62) (10.83) (67.52)

Table 4.9: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic

Activity in Jewar Tahsil, 2011

Note: Percent of Worker to total worker are given in brackets

49
Table 4.9 reflects that the economy of the district is primarily agricultural, as supported by the
fact that cultivators constitute 12.77 per cent of the total workers (main + marginal), and the
remaining 8.58 per cent of total workers are engaged as agricultural labourers, 6.22 per
cent, household industry workers and 72.43 other workers in this district. The distribution of
workers by four categories of economic activity at the tahsil level shows a very high
dependence of the population on the agriculture sector absorbing a large number of
workers. The proportion of cultivators varies between 7.07 per cent in Dadri tahsil and 31.71
per cent in Jewar. These variations within the district may be due to cropping and land
holding patterns. The percentage of female cultivators is 11.03 per cent which is lower than
13.26 per cent of male cultivators in the district. As stated above, the percentage of
agricultural labourers and household industry workers is very low in the district.

Table 4.10: Distribution of Villages according to availability of Different Amenities,

2011

Type of amenity available Type of amenity available

Number of inhabited

communications

Credit Societies
Name of C. D.

villages

Approach by
drinking water

Agricultural
Post Office

pucca road
Telephone
Education

Power supply
Transport
Medical

Banks
Improved
block

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Jewar 77 73 27 77 14 77 27 5 6 49 76

(94.81) (35.06) (100) (18.18) (100) (35.06) (6.49) (7.79) (63.64) (98.7)

Total 304 269 133 293 61 304 127 22 16 235 289

(88.49) (43.75) (96.38) (20.07) (100) (41.78) (7.24) (5.26) (77.3) (95.07)

4.4 Socio-economic Profile of Direct Impact Zone

This section presents an overview of the six villages of which 1185.6914 hectares of the
land area is proposed to be acquired for this project in villages, namely, Dayanatpur-
145.0515 Birampur-49.4190 hectares, Mundrah-46.9700 hectares, Ranhera-458.0373
hectares, Kureb-326.3567 hectares, and Karauli Bangar- 159.8569 hectares. In addition, the

50
section provides a combined summary of data about the project affected villages as per the
Census 2011.

4.4.1 Profile of Dayantpur Village

Dayantpur is located in Jewar Tehsil of Gautam Buddha Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh. It has
a total of 1777 families with a population of 9722, of which 5417 are males while 4305 are
females as per Population Census 2011. It has a population of children with age 0-6 is 1733,
which makes up 17.83 % of the total population of the village. The Average Sex Ratio of
the village is 795, which is lower than the Uttar Pradesh state average of 912. The child Sex
Ratio for the village as per Census is 824, lower than Uttar Pradesh average of 902. It has a
lower literacy rate compared to Uttar Pradesh. In 2011, the literacy rate of the village was
67.34% compared to 67.68% of Uttar Pradesh. In Dayantpur, Male literacy stands at 79.18
%, while the female literacy rate was 52.33%.

Table: 4.11 Dayantpur Village

Particulars Total Male Female

Total No. of Houses 1,777 - -

Population 9,722 5,417 4,305

Child (0-6) 1,733 950 783

Schedule Caste 2,421 1,373 1,048

Schedule Tribe 0 0 0

Literacy 67.34 % 79.18 % 52.33 %

Total Workers 3,525 2,396 1,129

Main Worker 1,989 - -

Marginal Worker 1,536 850 686

Source: https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/120398-dayantpur-uttar-pradesh.html

4.4.2 Profile of Birampur Village

Birampur village, located in Jewar Tehsil of Gautam Buddha Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh,
has 412 families with a total population of 2292 of which 1274 are males 1018 are females
as per Population Census 2011. The population of children with age 0-6 is 364, which
makes up 15.88 % of the total population of the village. The Average Sex Ratio of

51
Birampur village is 799, which is lower than the Uttar Pradesh state average of 912. Child
Sex Ratio for the Birampur as per Census is 784, lower than Uttar Pradesh average of 902.
It has a higher literacy rate compared to Uttar Pradesh. In 2011, the literacy rate of
Birampur village was 77.90 % compared to 67.68 % of Uttar Pradesh. In Birampur, Male
literacy stands at 89.16 %, while the female literacy rate was 63.87%.

Table: 4.12 Birampur Village

Particulars Total Male Female

Total No. of Houses 412 - -

Population 2,292 1,274 1,018

Child (0-6) 364 204 160

Schedule Caste 787 427 360

Schedule Tribe 0 0 0

Literacy 77.90 % 89.16 % 63.87 %

Total Workers 940 592 348

Main Worker 635 - -

Marginal Worker 305 134 171

Source: https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/120380-birampur-uttar-pradesh.html

4.4.3 Profile of Kureb Village

Kureb, located in Jewar Tehsil of Gautam Buddha Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh, has 994
families with a total population of 6093, of which 3274 are males while 2819 are females
as per Population Census 2011. It has a population of children with age 0-6 is 1201, which
makes up 19.71 % of the total population of the village. The Average Sex Ratio of Kureb
village is 861, which is lower than the Uttar Pradesh state average of 912. Child Sex Ratio
for the Kureb as per Census is 903, higher than Uttar Pradesh average of 902. The village
has a lower literacy rate compared to Uttar Pradesh. In 2011, the literacy rate of Kureb
village was 53.78 % compared to 67.68 % of Uttar Pradesh. In Kureb, Male literacy stands
at 69.13 %, while the female literacy rate was 35.75 %.

52
Table: 4.13 Kureb Village

Particulars Total Male Female

Total No. of Houses 994 - -

Population 6,093 3,274 2,819

Child (0-6) 1,201 631 570

Schedule Caste 555 306 249

Schedule Tribe 0 0 0

Literacy 53.78 % 69.13 % 35.75 %

Total Workers 1,907 1,377 530

Main Worker 1,559 - -

Marginal Worker 348 202 146

Source: https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/120397-kureb-uttar-pradesh.html

4.4.4 Profile of Karauli Bangar Village

Karauli Bangar is located in Jewar Tehsil of Gautam Buddha Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh. It
has 824 families with a total population of 4929, of which 2648 are males while 2281 are
females as per Population Census 2011. The population of children with age 0-6 is 800,
making up 16.23 % of the total population of the village. The Average Sex Ratio of Karauli
Bangar village is 861, which is lower than the Uttar Pradesh state average of 912. Child Sex
Ratio for the Karauli Bangar as per Census is 735, lower than Uttar Pradesh average of 902.

On the other hand, it has a higher literacy rate compared to Uttar Pradesh. In 2011, the
literacy rate of Karauli Bangar village was 74.33 % compared to 67.68 % of Uttar Pradesh. In
Karauli Bangar, Male literacy stands at 90.03 %, while the female literacy rate is 56.64 %.

Table: 4.14 Karauli Bangar Village

Particulars Total Male Female

Total No. of Houses 824 - -

Population 4,929 2,648 2,281

Child (0-6) 800 461 339

Schedule Caste 1,212 658 554

Schedule Tribe 0 0 0

53
Literacy 74.33 % 90.03 % 56.64 %

Total Workers 1,336 1,223 113

Main Worker 1,019 - -

Marginal Worker 317 256 61

Source: https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/120395-karauli-bangar-uttar-pradesh.html

4.4.5 Profile of Mundrah Village

Mundrah village is located in Jewar Tehsil of Gautam Buddha Nagar district, Uttar
Pradesh. It has 330 families with a total population of 1756, of which 966 are males while
790 are females as per Population Census 2011. The population of children with age 0-6 is
242, which makes up 13.78 % of the total population of the village. The Average Sex
Ratio of Mundrah village is 818, which is lower than the Uttar Pradesh state average of
912. Child Sex Ratio for the Mundrah as per Census is 936, higher than Uttar Pradesh
average of 902. It has a higher literacy rate compared to Uttar Pradesh. In 2011, the
literacy rate of Mundrah village was 74.57 % compared to 67.68 % of Uttar Pradesh. In
Mundrah, Male literacy stands at 86.09 %, while the female literacy rate was 60.18%.

Table: 4.15 Mundrah Village

Particulars Total Male Female

Total No. of Houses 330 - -

Population 1,756 966 790

Child (0-6) 242 125 117

Schedule Caste 844 470 374

Schedule Tribe 0 0 0

Literacy 74.57 % 86.09 % 60.18 %

Total Workers 536 442 94

Main Worker 354 - -

Marginal Worker 182 116 66

Source: https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/120383-mundrah-uttar-pradesh.html

54
4.4.6 Profile of Ranhera Village

Ranhera village is located in Jewar Tehsil of Gautam Buddha Nagar district, Uttar
Pradesh. It has 597 families with a total population of 3629, of which 1914 are males
while 1715 are females as per Population Census 2011. The population of children with
age 0-6 is 632, which makes up 17.42 % of the total population of the village. The
Average Sex Ratio of Ranhara village is 896, which is lower than the Uttar Pradesh state
average of 912. Child Sex Ratio for the Ranhara as per Census is 887, lower than Uttar
Pradesh average of 902. It has a higher literacy rate compared to Uttar Pradesh. In 2011,
the literacy rate of Ranhara village was 77.48 % compared to 67.68 % of Uttar Pradesh. In
Ranhera, Male literacy stands at 90.06 %, while the female literacy rate was 63.47 %.

Table: 4.16 Ranhera Village

Particulars Total Male Female

Total No. of Houses 597 - -

Population 3,629 1,914 1,715

Child (0-6) 632 335 297

Schedule Caste 590 316 274

Schedule Tribe 1 0 1

Literacy 77.48 % 90.06 % 63.47 %

Total Workers 1,196 897 299

Main Worker 533 - -

Marginal Worker 663 461 202

Source: https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/120384-ranhara-uttar-pradesh.html

Table 4.17: Summarized Overview of DIZ under Six Villages

Indicators
No. of Households 1249
Population (No.) 7875
Male (%) 4143 (52.61%)
Female (%) 3732 (47.39%)
SC (%) 13.79%
ST (%) 0.00

55
OBC (%) 44.35
Sex Ratio (females/1000males) 901
Overall Literacy (above 6 years) (%) 61.21%
Male - % 81.74
Female - % 64.03
Total Workers (%) 31.50
Total Workers (Male) - % 36.50
Total Workers (Female) - % 18.50
Main Workers (as % of Total Workers) 82.08
Agriculture Cultivator - % 44.82
Business - % 3.7
Distribution of main workers Government Service - % 4.00
-% Private Service -% 7.48
Agriculture Labour - % 2.00
Unemployed - % 29.13
Marginal workers (as % of total workers) 17.92
Agriculture Cultivator - % 46.00
Artisan - % 00.29
Distribution of marginal
Labour - % 12.01
workers - %
Agriculture Labour - % 2.00
Unemployed - % 29.13
Source: Primary Survey

The sex ratio of 901 of six villages under DIZ is comparatively better than that of Jewar
Tehsil 877 and a little lower than the State sex ratio of 912 females per thousand males.
Female work force participation is not significant, although they contribute to household and
agricultural activity but not as earners in the family. Overall, the unemployment rate is high
(29.13% amongst main workers and 36% amongst marginal workers). On the other hand, a
substantial population is engaged in as self-Agriculture cultivator which is 28% amongst
main workers and 46% amongst marginal workers as Agriculture cultivators. The DIZ has
less Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes population; it has a largely (around 44%) OBC
population in the project affected area.

56
Pictures from the Project Sites …

57
 Chapter 05
Land Assessment of the PAPs

5.1 Land Holdings in “Karauli Bangar - Dayanatpur – Kuraib - Ranhera - Mundrah -

Birampur”
The land holdings of the PAPs range from less than half a hectare up to above 3 hectares. The
majority of the land holders are consolidated within the bracket of 0 to 1 hectare. As per the
RFCTLARR Act, 2013, marginal farmers in irrigated land have holdings below 0.5 hectares
and small farmers as those with holdings between 0.5 to 1 hectare. As can be seen, from
Table 5.1, there are large numbers, about 66.45 % of landholders who are marginal and
merely 5.50% of the landholders can be categorized as small farmers. As per the village
Land Records and Households (Annexed), the landholdings for Gautam Budh Nagar district,
almost 71.95 % of agricultural holdings can be categorized as marginal and small farmers,
which is comparatively in similar pattern (except in the case of large farmers) as distribution
found in India across and in Uttar Pradesh as per Agriculture Census 2015-16. The average
land holding in the district is 0.83 hectare as per the 2011 Agriculture Census.
Table 5.1: Distribution of Land holding amongst PAFs

Area of Land Holding in Hectare Percentage

0-0.5 (Marginal) 66.45
0.5 -1 (small) 5.50
1-2 5.85
2-4 5.55
>4 16.65
Source: Primary Survey was undertaken during June 2021

As per, Agriculture Census 2015-16 (6th August 2019) All India Report, the small and
marginal holdings taken together (0.00-2.00 hectare) constitute 86.08%, the Semi-medium
and Medium operational holdings (2.00-10.00 hectare) is only 13.35% and the large holdings
(10.00 hectare and above) is merely 0.57% of total number of holdings in 2015-16.

58
Table 5.2: Percentage distribution of number of operational holdings for All Social
Groups (2010-11 & 2015-16) in Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Marginal Small Semi medium Medium Large
Agriculture Census 79.45 13.01 5.72 1.71 0.11
2010-11
Agriculture Census 80.18 12.63 5.51 1.58 0.10
2015-16

5.2 Land Requirements and Present Use of Land

The total land required for the project is 1365 Hectares, and for this area 1185.6914 hectares
(11856914.00 Sq. Meters) carve out from six villages “Karauli Bangar - Dayanatpur –
Kuraib - Ranhera - Mundrah - Birampur” to be acquired. This change in land use from
agricultural to air-transport purpose for Jewar Airport was sanctioned by the Government of
Uttar Pradesh, via notification number 882/chhappan-2021-31/2016 (Stage-2) has
permitted for the land of the 6 villages (1365 Hectares approx.) specifically for the
establishment of an airport and aviation hub that can be incorporated in the YEIDA master
plan- 2031. The current usage of the land is majorly agricultural in nature (90%). According
to the land records, primary survey and revenue records, the rest of the land is utilized for
structures (residential/residential-cum commercial), drainages, and roads, and pits for storing
manure, and there are few Johad in the project lay out area. As per the revenue records and
revenue maps superimposed with the proposed Jewar Airport Project layout, there are a total
of 1987 plots of land or gata sankhya as they are called, that will be subsumed under the
Direct Impact Zone (DIZ). Ranhera, Kureb and Karauli Banger have the largest parcels of
land under impact from the project layout. In terms of impact, these three villages have the
larger number of PAFs to be displaced residing within the impacted area as compared to the
villages of Dayanatpur, Mundrah and Birampur. Approximate 12,062 PAFs who hold lands
in the Direct Impact Zone, resides in the DIZ and about 25.75% of Total PAFs reside outside
of the DIZ.
Table 5.3: Total Land Area of the Affected Village in DIZ (in Hectare)
Name of Villages Total Land required Number of Gatas
Karauli Bangar 159.8569 246
Dayanatpur 145.0515 183
Kureb 326.3567 453
Ranhera 458.0373 788
Mundrah 46.9700 178
Birampur 49.4190 139
Total 1185.6914 1987
Source: Data compiled through Primary Survey

59
A significant number of PAPs who hold lands in the DIZ do not reside in the direct impact
zone. Almost 25.75% of PAPs reside outside of the DIZs
Fig 5.2.1: Landowners residing outside of the impacted area

Source: Data collected through Primary Survey

5.3. Crops in the Area
The current use of the land is majorly agricultural in nature. The major crops grown are
Wheat (50%), followed by Paddy/Rice (42 %), Jwar/Bajra and other small crops are 8%. On
average, four crops are grown every year. More than 92% of the total land is estimated to be
irrigated and remaining used for keeping animals mainly cow/buffalo as animal husbandry is
another second major source of income, and a large number of PAFs are involved in animal
husbandry. The figure below depicts the Net Sown Area (NSA) of the land:
Figure 5.3: Crop distribution by area

Source: Primary Survey

60
61
 Chapter 6
Estimation and Enumeration

6.1. Households and Structures Enumeration

The proposed project will entail involuntary resettlement due to acquisition of a total 1987
(approx.) agricultural plots. Further the project will also impact a total of 2998 structures
which fall within the DIZ. The structures (residential, residential-cum-commercial,
commercial, small business units, etc) and social infrastructure falling within the proposed
project area were considered as likely affected structures. Residential units constitute
significant component of structures in the DIZ of the project. Commercial structure included
small kirana shops, bike repair shops and other such petty stores in the area. The majority of
the structures are owned by the people residing in or using them. However, it has been
observed during primary survey and field visits, many of the new structures/boundaries got
raised especially after notification of acquisition in the DIZ.
The area under DIZ from the villages of Dayanatpur, Mundrah, and Virampur do not consist
of significant existence of any structures, but only agricultural plots.
Table 6.1: Structure affected by Proposed Project
Details of Structures affected by the Proposed Project
Villages Kureb Ranhera Karauli Bangar Total
PAH‟s 1474 1087 437 2998
Residential 1430 997 383 2810
Commercial 05 35 24 64
Residential-cum-
16 20 12 48
Commercial
Others 23 35 18 76
Source: Primary Survey
6.2. Typology of Structures in the DIZ
Majority of the structures in the DIZ are permanent in nature. Structures like animal sheds,
boundary walls were considered as semi-permanent. Residential units mostly can be
categorized as permanent and semi-permanent.
Typology of Structures in the Proposed Project
Permanent Semi-permanent Temporary Others
2608 293 47 60
Source: Primary Survey
The entire agricultural land includes a total of 1987 gatas or plots. Overall, 7875 duly
participated through Questionnaire and for remaining PAPs data were collected through a

62
series of focus group discussion and consultations. Some of the land owners were not
available; however, they have been included in the estimation. Some of the land owners did
not participated/turned up due to either no-response / doubtful claim / nor residing in DIZ /
not interested in survey. The average household size is 5-6 PAPs i.e. family-wise for the
direct impact zone. The estimation of PAFs has been on the basis of Land revenue records,
primary survey, individual as well as collective representations of PAPs, voter list of the
affected villages and the census 2011 data source.
The DIZ is mostly agricultural and is a very fertile land. Out of to be acquired plot, as shared
by PAFs, 85% of total DIZ is used for agriculture, and the remaining 15% of the land is
utilized for non-agricultural activity, such as livestock cottages, some residential structures,
other temporary structures etc. The agricultural land is well irrigated, and a major part of the
area is very fertile. There are many trees also in DIZ. PAFs use various water resources such
as Boring, Nahar/Boring, Tube well, Engine Boring, Summer cell (Submersible water pump),
etc., as shared by them. Out of agriculture use of land, about 92% is irrigated / fertile land, 8
% non-irrigated land/ land with tree plantation. Thus, the proportion of non-fertile land is
almost negligible. The PAFs use the land in different forms, such as agricultural, tree
plantation, and livestock cultivation for personal and commercial use and for their own
domestic needs. Along with these, they also have tube-wells for water, boring-wells, and
well-structured cowsheds or shelters for animals that are mostly semi-permanent in nature.
They also possess cattle, mainly buffalo, cow and goat.

6.3. PAPs in the Direct Impact Zone

Majority of the DIZ is majorly an agricultural land; including an estimated 2998 structures,
(residential, residential-cum-commercial, commercial, small business units, etc) and social
infrastructure falling within the proposed project area are considered as likely affected
structures. As the family grows, about 74.25% of the PAFs have raised some structure for
residential purpose and for keeping animals as being in business of animal husbandry, and
few PAFs have raised boundary also remaining land is only agricultural plots. Thereby, there
is substantial relocation/displacement issue associated with the 74.25% of the PAFs of the
village especially from Kureb, Ranhera and Karauli Bangar Villages.
Overall, as per the primary survey, the percentage of population according to their age groups
is given as under in Table 6.1:
Table 6.1: PAPs in the DIZ
PAPs upto 18 PAPs PAPs PAPs PAPs above 60

63
 between 18-35 between 35-50 between 50-60

25.35% 38.58% 26.53% 8.05% 1.49%

Evidently, about 38.58% of the population falls in the range of 18-35 years, and 25.35% are
up to 18 years. This illustrates that the project affected households PAFs/PAPs have a
significant number of very young, employable, and dependent populations.

Source: Primary Survey

Figure 6.1: Gender wise age profile of PAPs

64
Table 6.2: Enumeration of PAFs being Displaced
ENUMERATION OF PAFs BEING AFFECTED
Villages Children < 18 Males Females Total
1. Karauli Bangar 688 1188 837 2713
2. Kuraib 1175 1924 1535 4634
3. Ranhera 1180 1951 1520 4651
4. Dayanatpur 419 709 530 1658
5. Mundrah 448 752 564 1764
6. Birampur 187 315 236 738
Total no of PAP's 4097 6839 5222 16158
Source: Primary Survey
ESTIMATION OF PAFs PROPOSED TO BE DISPLACED
Villages Children < 18 Males Females Total
7. Karauli Bangar 688 1188 837 2713
8. Kuraib 1175 1924 1535 4634
9. Ranhera 1180 1951 1520 4651
Total no of PAP's 3043 5063 3893 11998

It is estimated that the total project affected people due to the proposed airport project in
this phase, is estimated to be 16,158 and out of this 11,998 PAPs, which includes 3042
under 18 age grope, and about estimated 8955 are landowners (detailed list of
PAPs/landowners being displaced is attached as annexure - II) will be displaced due to
proposed project and hence will be relocated. The total project affected families are
approximately 6839 and out of this the displaced PAFs are approximately 5063 including
youth above 18 years. The average household size of the area under DIZ is 5-6 members
per household.
6.4 Map of the DIZ

65
 Chapter-07
Socio-Economic Profile and Vulnerability

The proposed acquisition of 1185.6914 hectares (11856914.00 Sq. Meters) carve out from
six villages “Karauli Bangar - Dayanatpur – Kuraib - Ranhera - Mundrah - Birampur”
consists of a total Gatas [246 + 183 + 453 + 788 + 178 + 139 (respectively) = 1987] i.e.
Khasra (Gatas) with a total area of 1185.6914 hectares. Out of 1987 Gatas, about 137 Gatas
numbers belongs to Schools/Greater Noida Authority/Shore Area, approximately 245 Gatas‟
owners not residing in DIZ. This chapter contains details of the PAFs based on the primary
survey and a series of FGDs and consultations with them. Overall, 1249 PAFs/landowners
have duly participated via Questionnaire and majority of the PAFs participated in series of
FGDs/consultation on the site. The following section enumerates the details of the same.

Table 7.1: Details of PAFs Gatas and Land Areas

66
 Total Land required
Name of Villages Number of Gatas
(in Hectare)
Karauli Bangar 159.8569 246
Dayanatpur 145.0515 183
Kuraib 326.3567 453
Ranhera 458.0373 788
Mundrah 46.9700 178
Birampur 49.4190 139
Total 1185.6914 1987

7.1 Demographic Details of PAFs

It is significant to mention that out of 1987 gatas, many of the gata has more than one
claimant because of the internal division of the family and descendants thereon. Thereby, the
total number of claimants or PAFs from the DIZ i.e. six villages “Karauli Bangar -
Dayanatpur – Kuraib - Ranhera - Mundrah - Birampur” appears to be approximately
1249 (as per the Survey by SIA team and Bhulekh Records, Government of Uttar Pradesh),
with a total population of 7875. The remaining claimants did not participated/turned up due
to either no-response / doubtful claim / nor residing in DIZ / not interested in survey. The
average household size of the area under DIZ is 5-6 members per household.
7.1.1. Age profile of PAFs

Source: Primary Survey

67
Almost 53.60% of the PAFs belong to 35-60 years group and then 31.36% comes under the
age group of 60-80, while 11.20% of populations come under the age group between 18-35
years whereas a very less number i.e. 3.44% belong to above 80 years age group.

7.1.2 Gender composition of PAFs

Source: Primary Survey

Among the PAFs from the villages of DIZ i.e. “Karauli Bangar - Dayanatpur – Kuraib -
Ranhera - Mundrah - Birampur”, there are about 79.90 % claimants are male, whereas
female proportion is also significant, about 20.10%.

7.1.3 Educational profile of PAFs

Source: Primary Survey

68
About half of the PAFs (50%) are either not educated or studied up to 8th standard; about
24% up to 10th standard, 15% up to 12th standard, whereas only 8.26% PAFs are graduate and
3.24% are postgraduate.

7.1.4 Social Categories and Religion Profile of PAFs

Source: Primary Survey

The distribution of social categories indicates that 44.35% of the PAFs belong to the OBC
category, 41.86% belong to the general category, and 13.79% belong to the SC category.
Whereas the presence of ST category is almost zero in DIZ. As per the findings of the socio-
economic survey, Hindu religion about 90% and Muslims are 9.61% in the DIZ, whereas
presence of Christian and Sikh are almost negligible. Majority of the PAFs belong to
Jaat/Rajput/Brahmin/Jatav/ Mewati /Khatik and Gadaria cast category. Refer figure 7.1.5

7.1.5 Cast – Category profile of PAFs

69
 Source: Primary Survey
7.1.6 Monthly income of PAFs

70
Based on the data collected from survey, the income levels of PAFs in the DIZ , the income
levels of the PAFs is low with major proportion about 60.52% earn less than 10,000/- month,
and about 13% do not have stable source of income and 14.25% in the range of 10,000-
20,000 /- month, only 7.61% of PAFs are earning in the range of 20,000 – 50,000/- month.
7.1.6a Gender * Monthly income Cross Tabulation
PAPs Monthly income Total
No Less than 4000- 10,000- 20,000- Above
stable 4000 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000
income
Gende Male 130 303 271 168 76 50 998
r Female 119 73 109 10 19 10 340
Total 160 376 380 178 95 60 1249
Source: Primary Survey
7.1.6b Age * Monthly income Cross Tabulation
Monthly Income Total
Age Group
No stable Less than 4000- 10,000- 20,000- Above
(Years)
income 4000 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000
00 - 18 4 1 5
Age 18 – 35 23 41 52 12 10 5 143
35 - 60 80 204 226 92 50 28 680

71
 60 - 80 40 121 97 70 34 22 384
Above 80 13 10 4 4 1 5 37
Total 160 376 380 178 95 60 1249
Source: Primary Survey

7.1.7 Source of Income

Source: Primary Survey

A large proportion of PAFs about 76% depends on income entirely through agricultural
activities, and about 9% via non-agricultural activities. However, significantly 11% PAFs are
earning from both agricultural and non-agricultural activities.

64
7.1.7a Agricultural Source of Income - PAFs

Source: Primary Survey

The majority of PAFs (78%) are Agriculture cultivators, and about 7% are engaged in
Animal Husbandry. About 13% of PAFs are engaged in other activities, whereas a very
nominal proportion of PAFs (2%) are engaged as agriculture labour.

7.1.7b Non-agricultural source of income

Source: Primary Survey

65
Under non-agricultural source of income, 19.52% are engaged in private service, only about
8.22% earning through business activities, and a good number (26.37%) are in Government
services at various positions.

7.2. Demographics Details of PAPs

7.2.1 Gender Composition of Impact Zone
The demographic data as shown in pie chart below indicates that the males constitute 52.93%
of the PAPs while females constitute 47%. This ratio reflects the marginally low sex ratio that
is existent at the district level, as indicated in the Census 2011.
Figure 7.2.1: Gender composition in the DIZ

Source: Primary Survey

7.2.2 Age Groups

The bar diagram below shows the age and gender-wise distribution of the PAPs that were
surveyed in DIZ. The larger numbers of women as well as men fall within the age bracket of
0-18 and 18-35 years of age which signifies that the majority of the people in the DIZ are
in employable age and their primes.

66
Figure 7.2.2: Gender wise age profile of PAPs

Source: Primary Survey

The data indicate that a major percentage of the population falls substantially in the range of
up to 35 years (63.93% as consolidated) which illustrates that the project affected households
have a significant number of young, employable and dependent populations. The percentage
of the population according to their age group is given as follows:
PAPs upto 18 PAPs between PAPs between PAPs between PAPs above 60
18-35 35-50 50-60
25.35% 38.58% 26.53% 8.05% 1.49%

7.2.3 Literacy Levels

The DIZ's overall educational profile indicates a comparatively low literacy ratio of the six
villages (DIZs) as with 67.21 % of the population as literate and a significant number,
32.79% of PAPs are not educated. On the other hand, a substantial population is well
educated at primary and secondary levels, and only 12.36% of PAPs are graduates.

There is a gap between females' literacy levels, which is considerably lower than that of the
males in the direct impact zone. About 38.54 % of women, who have had no formal
education amongst the PAPs in the project impact zone, compared to the number of not
educated men, are approximately 21.75%. The silver lining is that both men and women at
youth level, have a significant contribution at primary level and upto 8th standard. Further, it
is significant to note that onwards 10th, 12th and up to Post Graduation level the proportion of

67
 females is almost equal as compared to male, indicating that a large number of females
continue their education after 8th standard. A very small number of the female are in
Govt./Private services. Refer Figure 7.2.3a; 7.2.3b and 7.2.3c

Figure 7.2.3a: Literacy profile of PAPs

Source: Primary Survey

Figure 7.2.3b Gender * Educational Qualification Cross Tabulation

Educational qualification Total
PAPs Uneducate 8th 10th 12th Graduation Post- Others
d Graduation
Male 1041 959 983 925 498 123 20 4549
Gender
Female 1540 629 340 215 475 119 6 3324
Total 2581 1588 1323 1140 973 242 26 7873
Source: Primary Survey

68
Figure 7.2.3c: Gender wise educational profile of PAPs

Source: Primary Survey

7.2.4 Educational Profile of the Youth

The youth (18-35 years) of the project affected area (the six villages) consist of a substantial
population of 38.58%. During SIMP, it is important to engage such youth in various
jobs/trainings as per their educational profile and skill levels. Below is the detailed
educational youth profile of the PAPs and stream-wise distribution to better understand their
allocation in befitting jobs as per their competency and qualification. The literacy profile
among the youth generation of PAPs is marginally fair as 14.92% of them are not educated,
and only 22.46% are graduates, and merely 4.97% are postgraduate; however, the majority of
them with Art streams. In intermediate education, about 60.69% from Arts stream, 30% are
from Science stream and 7.64% from Commerce stream. The youth graduate population is
very diverse from BA degree holders to BSc/BCom/MBBS and B. Tech., however, none is
equipped with any vocational training as observed in the survey. About 4.97 % are post
graduate as well with a wide range of specializations from MA/MSc/M.Com and even up to
MBA and M.Tech/MS/MD, however, out of all PG, a large proportion about 50.47% are
from Art stream, and 27% having science/technical background. Refer to figure 7.2.4a and
7.2.4b to 7.2.4d.

69
Figure 7.2.4a: Youth Literacy Profile of PAPs

Source: Primary Survey

Figure 7.2.4b: Youth Literacy Profile of PAPs – Intermediate stream distribution

Source: Primary Survey

Figure 7.2.4c: Youth Literacy Profile of PAPs – Graduate stream distribution

Source: Primary Survey

70
Figure 7.2.4d: Youth Literacy Profile of PAPs – Post Graduation stream distribution

Source: Primary Survey

7.2.5: Occupation and Income Levels

7.2.5 - I: Occupational distribution of PAPs

The PAPs of the DIZs area are engaged in various occupations, majorly dependent on
agriculture activity and agriculture-related activities, mainly as crop grower/cultivator,
livestock and daily producers/keepers, i.e., in animal husbandry, private service and as
agricultural labor. About 7.48% of households are doing various private jobs, and about 4%
are employed with government services. Nearly 3.7% are involved in business & trade and
other form of occupations. Almost negligible PAPs are involved in various artisans‟
activities. However, a very large proportion of about 29.13% is unemployed. Approximately
12.85% of PAPs are involved in two or more nature of occupations.
Women in the project affected area mostly work at cultivating the lands belonging to their
own families or in allied activities like animal husbandry and prominently as house makers.
They are not earning either formal or informal way; hence, income generated by them is not
reflected in the survey responses as they are not seen as earning members in their families.
Among the number of recorded earning members, the majority are males, only about 1.61%
women are employed in Govt. / Private Service.

71
Figure 7.2.5a: Occupational distribution of PAPs

Source: Primary Survey In the project affected area of the DIZ under six Villages.

National Classification of Occupations-2015 (NCO-2015) - A report of Government of

India Ministry of Labour & Employment Directorate General of Employment
(www.ncs.gov.in) compatible with ISCO-2008 has an 8-digit coding structure which was
mapped and aligned to ISCO-2008. Coding is done as codifying major group, sub-major
group, minor group, unit group (family) respectively in order of level of skill required.
Broadly there are nine major divisions/classifications of jobs; as under

NCO 2015 Title Skill Level

Divisions
1 Legislators, Senior Officials, and Managers Not Defined
2 Professional IV
3 Associate Professionals III
4 Clerks II
5 Service Workers and Shop & Market Sales Workers II
6 Skilled Agricultural and Fishery Workers II
7 Craft and Related Trades Workers II
8 Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers II
9 Elementary Occupations I
Source: National Classification of Occupations-2015

72
The National Occupational Standards (NOS) is one of the most important contributions of the
National Skills Development Corporation (NSDC) to the skills environment of India. This
was done in affiliation with the Sector Skill Councils (SSCs). The SSCs are the national
partnership organization with NSDC that bring together all the stakeholders – industry,
labour, and academia.

„Skill‟ has been defined as the ability to carry out the tasks and duties of a given job, carrying
two dimensions, first is skill level (A function that describes the range of the tasks and duties
involved), and second is skill specialization (means the field of knowledge required, the tools
and machinery used, the materials worked on, and the kinds of goods and services produced)
National Skill Development Agency brought out the National Skills Qualifications
Framework (NSQF). NSQF is based on an outcome-based approach, and each level in the
NSQF is defined and described in terms of competency levels that need to be achieved.
The job roles corresponding to each of these competency levels would be ascertained with the
involvement of the industry through the Sector Skill Councils (SSCs). As a competency-
based and outcome-based qualification framework, NSQF will facilitate Recognition of Prior
Learning (RPL). NSQF will also help to align Indian qualifications to international
qualifications.

For the purpose of SIMP, it is significant to note that a 12.86% of earning PAPs are engaged
at 9th category i.e. the Elementary Occupation level (i.e., Skill I Level), at 8th category (Skill
II Level), only 0.4% and almost 80.73% of them are engaged at 6th category - Skilled
Agricultural and Animal Husbandry (i.e., Skill II level) and around 13.18% of them are
engaged at 4th & 5th Category level – Clerks and as Service Workers and Shop and Market
Sales Workers (i.e., Skill II level) and about 5.68% at 3rd category as associate professionals
((i.e., Skill III Level)

7.2.5 II: Income Profile of PAPs

The diagram below consolidates the income levels in DIZ. Based on the data collected, it is
observed that the income level of the affected population is low with 10.72% of earning PAPs
are in no stable income a major proportion, about 7.20% earn less than 4000/- month and
2.06 % of the PAPs are earning in the range of 20,000 – 50,000/- month. Therefore an
estimate of the total number of earning members in the area is around 2481 out of 7875, i.e.
the population dependency ratio is 3:1.

73
Figure 7.2.5b: Income profile of PAPs (Monthly)

Source: Primary Survey

Table 7.2.5c: Income profile of PAPs (Monthly)

No Stable ˃ Rs Rs 4-10 Rs 10-20 Rs 20-50 ≤ Rs 50 Grand
Income 4000 thousands thousands thousands thousands Total
0-18 141 174 179 40 41 6 581
18-35 332 176 201 69 55 6 839
35-60 238 128 183 57 44 15 665
60-80 104 83 89 24 16 11 327
80 Above 29 6 20 8 6 69
Grand Total 844 567 672 198 162 38 2481
Source: Primary Survey

Figure 7.2.5d: Income profile of PAPs (Monthly)

No Stable ˃ Rs Rs 4-10 Rs 10-20 Rs 20-50 ≤ Rs 50 Grand
Income 4000 thousands thousands thousands thousands Total
Male 448 316 343 87 83 15 1292
Female 396 251 329 111 79 23 1189
Grand
Total 844 567 672 198 162 38 2481
Source: Primary Survey

74
7.3 Vulnerability Status
The total size of the proposed land to be acquired to expand the Jewar – Noida International
Airport project for which this SIA study has been conducted is merely 1185.6914 hectares,
which mainly consists of agricultural land. The acquired area under DIZ is approximately
95% in aggregate of total land of PAPs, being acquired is carved out of the six villages viz.,
“Karauli Bangar - Dayanatpur – Kuraib - Ranhera - Mundrah - Birampur” of Jewar
Tehsil, Gautam Budh Nagar, that consists of 1987 plots of land or gata sankhya mainly
private agricultural plots of land. Majority of the DIZ is majorly an agricultural land;
including an estimated 2998 structures, (residential, residential-cum-commercial,
commercial, small business units, etc) and social infrastructure falling within the proposed
project area are considered as likely affected structures. As the family grows, about 74.25%
of the PAFs have raised some structure for residential purpose and for keeping animals as
being in business of animal husbandry, and few PAFs have raised boundary also remaining
land is only agricultural plots. Thereby, there is substantial relocation/displacement issue
associated with the 74.25% of the PAFs of the village especially from Kureb, Ranhera and
Karauli Bangar Villages.
It is significant to note that 12.86% of earning PAPs are engaged at 9th category i.e. the
Elementary Occupation level (i.e., Skill I Level), at 8th category (Skill II Level), only 0.4%
and almost 80.73% of them are engaged at 6th category - Skilled Agricultural and Animal
Husbandry (i.e., Skill II level) and around 13.18% of them are engaged at 4th & 5th Category
level – Clerks and as Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales Workers (i.e., Skill II
level) and about 5.68% at 3rd category as associate professionals ((i.e., Skill III Level) as
defined by NCO-2015 report. A large population, 29.13%, are unemployed in DIZ. The
majority of them are using their land, especially for agricultural activities, as their main
occupation and animal husbandry for their additional source of earning and livelihood along
with their engagements in other occupations. Further, the youth (18-35 years) of the project
affected area consists of a substantial population of 38.58%. The literacy profile among the
youth generation of PAPs is fairly good, although only 8-9 % have technical skills and more
than 55.22% belong to Art stream, 23.88% from Science streams and 11.10% from
Commerce background at graduate level. However, significantly 14.92% of them are not
educated /literate and only 22.46% of them are graduates. Merely 5% of the youth are
postgraduate spread across with a wide range of specialization from MA/MSc/M.Com and B.

75
Tech/M. Tech; MBA and even upto MS/MD. With the substantial unemployment level, they
may be engaged in various jobs under SIMP according to their qualification/educational
profile and skill levels. Moreover, most youth require some sort of vocational training/short-
term courses to involve or engage them at least skill I & II level jobs.

PAPs are engaged in mainly agricultural activities as their primary source of income, along
with animal husbandry as an additional source of income. Many of them are engaged in
various jobs, although in less proportion. Unemployed PAPs may be engaged in various
employment options as part of compensation brought against the land acquisition. It is
expected that the educated and young PAFs will utilize the monetary compensation towards
business avenues, higher education and investment. The youth of the DIZs were especially
monitored and counseled towards the utilization of any cash compensation, as observed
during the survey as major concern of PAFs.

The SIMP will also help women empowerment by offering them various skill jobs and
uplifting their social structure, which might eventually motivate the girl child towards
education and skill development. Following are the few descriptions brought out during the
survey in the figure to assess the vulnerability. Refer Graph from 7.3.1 to 7.3.8

7.3.1 Economic Status

There is around 9.75% population in the DIZ, which fall below the poverty line. They have
been allotted BPL card. However, significantly 63% population lies in the category of APL,
and only about 2.32 % are availing „Antyodaya Scheme‟. Senior citizens and widows are
only 0.40%.

Note: In Uttar Pradesh, Food and Supply Department issue two types of Ration Cards in
Public Distribution System under ‘National Food Security Act 2013 (NFSA 2013),
‘Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)’ and ‘Priority Household (NFSA) [PHH]’ along with
Annapurna Scheme.

76
Source: Primary Survey

9.3.2 Information about the Infant Mortality

Source: Primary Survey

It is significant to report that the mortality rate among the affected population is almost
negligible in DIZ.

7.3.3 Family Monthly Income

Based on the data collected in DIZs, it is observed that the consolidated family income levels
of the affected population is low as about 42.67 % PAPs earn less than Rs.4000, around
35.55% earn within the range of Rs.4000 to Rs.10,000 and 9.93% are in the range of Rs
10,000-20,000 and 7.61 % are earning in the range of Rs.20,000 – Rs.50,000/- month.

77
However, during survey, it was observed that many of the families residing in DIZ were
reluctant to share their income status.

Source: Primary Survey

7.3.4 Nature of Agriculture Cultivator

Source: Primary Survey

78
7.3.5 Loan Status

Source: Primary Survey

The indebtedness in the Direct Impact Zone is quite significant. There are about 22.18%
PAPs have taken loans. The amount for the loans taken ranges from Rs.25,000/- to even
Rs.3,00,000/- and above. The majority of these loans have been taken from formal sources,
i.e., government banks, Cooperative banks, and Kisan Credit Card. Although the majority of
the land owner fairly disclosed their loan status or loan amount is taken, many did not
disclose explicitly.

7.3.6 Source of Loan

About 74.30% of the borrowers under DIZ have borrowed from government banks, and in
remaining, mainly via Kisan Credit Card Scheme (11.97%) and 5.63% from cooperative
society. It is significant to note that the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme is a credit
scheme introduced in August 1998 by Indian banks. This model scheme was prepared by
the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) on the
recommendations of R. V. Gupta committee to provide term loans for agricultural needs.

Its objective is to meet the comprehensive credit requirements of the agriculture

sector and by 2019 for fisheries and animal husbandry by giving financial support to
farmers. Participating institutions include all commercial banks, Regional Rural
Banks, and state cooperative banks. The scheme has short-term credit limits for
crops and term loans. The KCC credit holders are covered under personal accident
insurance up to Rs.50,000 for death and permanent disability and Rs.25,000 for
other risks. The premium is borne by both the bank and borrower in a 2:1 ratio. The
validity period is five years, with an option to extend for up to three more years.

79
Kisan Credit Card (KCC) offering credit to the farmers in two types, Cash Credit and
Term Credit (for allied activities such as pump sets, land development, plantation,
drip irrigations).

Source: Primary Survey

7.3.7 a & b Status of Women – Formal/Informal Source of Employment

7.3.8 Concerns shared by PAPs

It was observed in the survey that the PAPs in the DIZ have shown concern about affect in
employability (89.11%), earning capacity (96.24%), affect in social position (96.16%),
cultural ethos (95%), family structure (95.60%), mental wellness (94.72%) as well as
ecological wellness (94%).

80
About 14% of the PAFs have shown a preference for „Land for land-Compensation, 74% for
Employment, 92.55% for cash as compensation, 48.68% for basic amenities and 10.65% for
rehabilitation and resettlement. There are many of the respondents have preferred to opt more
than two to six possibilities. Out of all PAFs, a very small proportion are reluctant to give
away their land without any satisfactory and appropriate rehabilitation and resettlement offer
from the concerned authority.

Source: Primary Survey

7.3.9 Preferred Rehabilitation Resettlement Measures

Source: Primary Survey

81
 7.4. Social Infrastructure in the Direct Impact Zone
Table 7.4 gives details of common properties in the DIZ. As three villages namely Ranhera,
Kuraib and Karauli Bangar are proposed to be displaced in this phase of acquisition and
consequently the existing common properties of these villages will also be displaced as per
the details given in the table. As per the survey, there are 23 common properties in Kuraib,
18 common properties in karauli bangar and 35 common properties in Ranhera are proposed
to be displaced. In the remaining three affected villages namely Dayanatpur, Mundrah and
Birampur, there are no common property affected in the land acquisition and the entire land
is being used for agriculture activities growing crop or marginally for keeping live stocks or
for animal husbandry mainly.
Table 7.4: Common properties resources in the DIZ
CPRs/ Social Infrastructure KURAIB KARAULI RANHERA DAYANATPUR
BIRAMPUR
BANGAR
MUNDRAH
Schools 2 3 6 0
Wells 1 4 4 0
Temples / Mosques/Eidgah 10 5 9 0
Shamshaan/Kabristaan 4 1 2 0
Police Chowki 1 0
Public Health Centre 1 1 0
Johad 4 2 8 0
Dharamshala 1 2 0
Playground 1 1 1 0
Gramsabha / Panchayat Ghar 1 1 0
Source: Primary Survey
7.5 Information Regarding Land and Livelihood
The DIZ is mostly agricultural and is a very fertile land. The following illustration details the
land demarcation for better inference. As shared by PAFs, 85% of total DIZ is used for
agriculture, and the remaining 15% of the land is utilized for non-agricultural activity, such as
livestock cottages, some residential structures, other temporary structures etc. The
agricultural land is well irrigated, and a major part of the area is very fertile. There are many
trees also in DIZ. PAFs use various water resources such as Boring, Nahar/Boring, Tube
well, Engine Boring, Summer cell (Submersible water pump), etc., as shared by them. Out of
agriculture use of land, about 92% is irrigated / fertile land, 8 % non-irrigated land/ land with
tree plantation. The proportion of non-fertile land is almost negligible. The PAFs use the land

82
in different forms, such as agricultural, tree plantation, and livestock cultivation for personal
and commercial use and for their own domestic needs. Refer Figure 7.5.1 to 7.5.3

Figure 7.5.1: Demarcation of the total area of land owned by PAFs:

Figure 7.5.2: Demarcation of agricultural land

Source: Primary Survey

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Figure 7.5.3: Usage of land

Source: Primary Survey

7.5.4 Cottages in DIZ for livestock

Many households have livestock in the DIZ area. They use them for agricultural, commercial,
and domestic purposes, and for the livestock, the cottages are in the DIZ area.

Figure 7.5.4: Cottage for Livestock

Source: Primary Survey

The land primarily being agricultural in nature, the cattle population is one of the primary
assets, which is why cattle possession becomes a very important component for the PAPs.

84
The majority of the households own buffalo (56.58%), followed by cow (14.82%) and goat
(13%), which is used for milk and dairy purposes. Following are the details of households
owning different types of cattle in DIZ comprising of all the villages:

Figure 7.5.5: Detail of livestock owned by PAFs

Source: Primary Survey

7.5.6 Status of Migration from DIZ

Figure 7.5.6(a) and (b): Status of migration and Reason of Migration

85
Source: Primary Survey
Although most PAFs reside in the six villages, only a small proportion of the population has
migrated for higher education, employment, matrimonial alliances, etc. About 29% of
migration is due to employment, and 65% for education are the main reason in DIZ.

7.5.7 House Owned by PAFs

The majority of the families are in the APL category and have their own houses around DIZ,
whereas only 5.36% of them don‟t have their own houses, as indicated below:

Figure 7.5.7: House owned by PAFs

Source: Primary Survey - As per information received.

7.5.8 Private Vehicles / Agricultural Equipment

The people of DIZ essentially use two-wheelers (70%) for regular commuting. Around 17%
of them use their own car or four-wheeler for mobility. Some of the families have tractors

86
(11%) as well used for agricultural activities. About 14% of PAFs have their own agricultural
equipment such as tractors, thresher machines, engine machines, cultivators, trolleys, wheat
cutting machines, lister engines, diesel engines, etc. However, the majority of them use
agricultural equipment on rental basis.
Figure 7.5.8: Private vehicles / Agriculture Equipment

Source: Primary Survey

7.6 Information about Trees on Land

The DIZ consists of a variety of trees, majorly Neem, Shesham, babool/Keekar, popular,
Aam, Peepal, jamun and Sahtoot, etc. Following are the details about the type of tree and
approximate numbers as per the survey.

Source: Primary survey

87
7.7 Information about Crops
The current use of the land is mainly agricultural in nature. The major crops grown are Wheat
(50%), followed by Paddy/Rice (42) and Jwar/Bajra (6%) and other small crops (2%). On an
average, four crops are grown every year. The figure below depicts the Net Sown Area
(NSA) of the land:
Figure 7.7.1: Crop distribution by area

Source: Primary Survey

7.8 Availability/Access to Natural or Common Resources

Following are the details about the villagers of DIZ regarding the use or access to natural or
common resources, public-owned property like canals, ponds, tube wells, public transport
facility, road connectivity to their house, structure about the nearest market, participation in
dairy cooperatives/ agricultural cooperatives, status about membership as Self Help Group
(SHG) or any other, source of energy for cooking, lighting, drinking water, sanitation facility,
bathrooms.

The area is well served with adequate amounts of water. The major sources of water are
hand-pumps, tube-wells, and wells. The public health engineering department also supplies
water to these villages, but only a few households avail of this facility. Water is also sourced
from the canal and boring for irrigation purposes. However, a large number of PAFs have
Hand-pumps as water resources. The PAPs usually dispose of waste that is generated in the
house by dumping it onto farmlands. They also use community waste dumping sites that they

88
term „johad‟, or outside of their village boundaries; however, a proper waste collection and
disposal system is lacking in the area.

7.8.1 Access to common or public owned property

Source: Primary Survey

Significantly 62.97% PAPs have direct access to public owned property, 28.92% PAPs uses
on rarely (Occasional) basis, whereas 8.11% don‟t use such common property.

7.8.2 Usage of Public Transport

Source: Primary Survey

About 58% of the PAPs use public transport facilities regularly, and 40% of PAPs use them
occasionally.

89
7.8.3 Road connectivity

Source: Primary Survey

About 65.51 % of PAPs have good road connectivity to their land/structure; however,
32.45% have poor connectivity, as shared by them.

7.8.4 Visit to the nearest market

Source: Primary Survey

About 64.% of PAPs visit the nearest market regularly for their family‟s basic requirements,
whereas 35.02 visit on a rare basis.

90
7.8.5 a & b Participation in dairy/agricultural cooperatives and Membership status

Source: Primary Survey

In the survey, it was evident that (as shared by them), only 9.80% of PAPs participates in the
dairy/agricultural cooperatives in DIZ, and a very nominal 0.8% of PAPs have a membership
with Self Help Group (SHG).

7.8.6 Sources of energy for cooking

Source: Primary Survey

A large number of population use LPG cylinder (Approx. 63%), 31.47% uses a combination
of both LPG and Firewood and merely 4.24% of the PAPs using only firewood for cooking.
On the other hand, a very nominal number of households use kerosene-fueled burners or
other mediums. This suggests that almost all PAFs have easy access to LPG cylinders or gas
connections.

91
7.8.7 Sources of Light

Source: Primary Survey

Majority of the project affected households have access to electricity. A very few households
use kerosene-fueled lamps (about 2%), and solar fuel is almost negligible. People do use
pumps for irrigation in their fields, and these are mostly fuel-based.

7.8.8 Sources of Drinking Water

Source: Primary Survey

Almost all PAFs (94.88%) have a hand pump facility for drinking water; only 5.12 % have
other options also.

92
7.8.9 Sanitation Facility

Source: Primary Survey

Most of PAPs have indoor flush/pucca toilets (94%) within their homes. Some people
(about3.37%) still practice open defecation and have kutcha or mud pits for the same, but
they are very few in numbers; however, 2.17% also use community toilets. Thus, almost all
PAPs have indoor/ inside house sanitation facilities (98%), i.e., within their homes, and only
2% have outside house sanitation facilities.

7.8.11 Do you have Bathrooms?

Source: Primary Survey

7.9 Common Resources and Public Amenities

The proposed acquisition of 1185.6914 hectares (1,18,56,914.00 Sq. Meters) carved out from
six villages “Karauli Bangar - Dayanatpur – Kuraib - Ranhera - Mundrah - Birampur”,
All villages have community centres, religious temples, schools, Anganwadi, PDS as
common resources and public amenities. There are primary, secondary as well as senior
secondary Schools. However, there is no proper facility for water supply. The sewerage

93
system is not in existence, and electricity availability is quite good. The road connectivity is
very good; however, it does not connect to all the houses.

7.10 Perception on Acquisition of Land, Livelihood and Income

Of the total PAPs, 75% have said yes regarding an increase in employment productivity,
whereas 16% were indifferent in this regard and had not commented.

7.10.1 Increase in employment productivity

Source: Primary Survey

7.10.2: Increase in business opportunity

Source: Primary Survey

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Of the total PAPs, 75.54% have said yes regarding increase in business opportunity, where as
19.71% was indifferent to this, i.e., had not commented.

7.10.3: Rise in Land Price

Source: Primary Survey

Regarding the rise in land price in six villages, around 85.20%, most PAPs were assured of
an increase in land price after the proposed Jewar Airport expansion Phase 2; however, 10%
were indifferent and had not commented.

7.10.4 Surge in Public Facility

Source: Primary Survey

Regarding the surge in a public facility in six villages, about 74.15% of PAPs said yes;
however, 21.34% of PAPs were indifferent and did not comment.

95
7.10.5: Increase in formal employment productivity

Source: Primary Survey

Regarding the increase in formal employment productivity in DIZ under six villages, about
74.29% of PAPs were agreed, and 18.45% of PAPs were indifferent and did not commented.

7.10.6: Increase in standard of living

Source: Primary Survey

Regarding the increase in the standard of living in DIZ under six villages, about 75.28% of
PAPs are affirmative; however, a significant 19.81% of PAPs were indifferent regarding this
and did not comment.

96
7.10.7: Increase in food security

Source: Primary Survey

Out of the total PAPs, only 69.11% were in conformity regarding increased food security and
said yes, however, a significant 17% were indifferent regarding this and did not comment,
and about 13.87% of them were not agreed. Food security is a major concern for them as
depending majorly on the agricultural source of income.
7.10.8: Increase in women employment productivity

On a positive note, 67.37% of PAPs were in conformity regarding increase in women

employment productivity and said yes to this; however, a significant 15.87% of PAPs were
indifferent regarding this and did not comment about it 16.76% of them were not agreed.

97
 Source: Primary Survey

7.10.9 a & b: Impact on wildlife and Status of wild plants and wild animals

Source: Primary Survey

About 66.34% of PAPs believed that, the project would affect the wildlife in the DIZ;
however, a significant 18.36% said no, and 15.30% did not say anything regarding this.

7.10.10 Wild Plants and Animals Present in the Affected Area

Babool, Keekar, Khajoor, Jhari Unpamarg, Chirchita, Aankhen, Jhund,

Wild Plant
Bhang, Bakand, Jamun, Kattha, Guava, Popular
Neelgay, Roze, Jackal, Rabbit, Deer, Wild Pig, Fox, Bull, Monkey, Snake
Wild Animal
and Saras etc. Bikar…Bozar Teetar, Saras,

7.10.11 Is electricity available to this area (24*7)?

98
Source: Primary Survey
7.10.12 Are better Roads provided to connect every House in this area?

7.10.13 What is the crime rate in the DIZs

99
7.11 Impact Analysis of Physical Resources
In parts K and L of the questionnaire, general perception/opinions were asked about the
impact of Project on soil, air quality, water sources, forest reserves and noise pollution in the
surrounding area. Their responses have been observed as mentioned in the following table;

Sr. No. Particulars Positive Negative % Can’t Say %

%
1. How might this project impact the soil of
3.38 8.13 88.50
the surrounding area?
2. How might this project impact the air
3.46 84.88 11.67
quality of the surrounding area?
3. How might this project impact the water
source, water reserve and underground 3.94 88.09 7.96
water label of the surrounding area?
4. How might this project impact the forest
3.86 83.98 12.16
reserve of the surrounding area?
5. Do you think that this project may
increase the noise pollution in the 90.51 7.89 1.79
surrounding area?

7.11.1: Impact on Soil

Source: Primary Survey

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 Out of total PAPs, 88.50% have responded that there will be a negative impact on soil.

7.11.2 Impact on Air Quality

Source: Primary Survey

Almost 85% of PAPs have responded that there will be a negative impact on air quality.

7.11.3 Impact on Water Source, Water Reserve and Underground Water level

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Source: Primary Survey
Of PAPs, 88% have responded that there will be a negative impact on the water source, water
reserve and underground water level.

7.11.4 Impact on forest reserve

Source: Primary Survey

Of PAPs, 84% have responded that there will be a negative impact on forest reserve.

7.11.5 Impact on noise pollution

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Source: Primary Survey
About 94% of PAPs have responded that there will be a negative impact of noise pollution.

7.11.6 Awareness of land acquisition- Does the respondent know about the Project?

Source: Primary Survey

It is significant to note that almost all the PAPs are well aware of their land acquisitions for
second phase of expansion for the Jewar Airport project.

103
 7.12 : Impact Analysis of Private Assets, Public Services and Utilities

In part M of the questionnaire, general perceptions/opinions were enquired about the impact
of the Project on health facility/hospital; educational facility/Schools/Colleges; housing
capacity and facility; supply of local services/house help; electricity availability; the value of
the private asset; improvement in the availability of resources; and increase in transportation
and road facility in the surrounding area. Their responses are as follows;

S. No. Particular Yes – No - Can’t Say

1.

Do you think there will

be an increase in
health facility/hospital
in the area?

104
2.

Do you think there will

be an increase in
educational
facility/schools/colleges
in the area?

3.

Do you think there will

be an increase in
housing capacity and
facilities in the area?

4.

Do you think there will

be an increase in the
supply of local
services/house help in
the area?

105
5.

Do you think there will

be an increase in
electricity availability
in the area?

6.

Do you think there will

be an increase in value
of private asset in the
area?

7.

Do you think there will

be an improvement in
the availability of
resources to people in
the area?

106
8.

Do you think there will

be an increase in
transportation and
road facility in the
area?

7.13 The Collective Inferences:

The proposed acquisition of 1185.6914 hectares (11856914.00 Sq. Meters) carve out from
six villages “Karauli Bangar - Dayanatpur – Kuraib - Ranhera - Mundrah - Birampur”
consists of a total Gatas [246 + 183 + 453 + 788 + 178 + 139 (respectively) = 1987] i.e.
Khasra (Gatas) with a total area of 1185.6914 hectares. Out of 1987 Gatas, about 137 Gatas
numbers belongs to Schools/Greater Noida Authority/Shore Area, approximately 245 Gatas‟
owners not residing in DIZ. This chapter contains details of the PAFs based on the primary
survey and a series of FGDs and consultations with them. Overall, 1249 PAFs/landowners
have duly participated via Questionnaire and majority of the PAFs participated in series of
FGDs/consultation on the site. The average household size is 5-6 members per family for the
direct impact zone.

1. Almost 53.60% of the PAFs belong to 35-60 years group, and then 31.36% comes
under the age group of 60-80, while 11.20% of populations come under the age group
between 18-35 years whereas a very less number i.e. 3.44% belong to above 80 years
age group. About 79.90 % of claimants are male, whereas the female proportion is
also significant, about 20.10%. About half of the PAFs (50%) are either not
educated or studied up to 8th standard; about 24% up to 10th standard, 15% up to 12th
standard whereas only 8.26% PAFs are graduate and 3.24% are postgraduate.
2. About 44.35% of the PAFs belong to the OBC category, 41.86% belong to the general
category, and 13.79% belong to the SC category. Whereas the presence of the ST
category is almost zero in DIZ. As per the findings of the socio-economic survey,

107
 Hindu religion is about 90% and Muslims are 9.61% in the DIZ, whereas the presence
of Christian and Sikh are almost negligible. The majority of the PAFs belong to
Jaat/Rajput/Brahmin/Jatav/ Mewati /Khatik and Gadaria cast category.
3. Income levels of PAFs in the DIZ, the income levels of the PAFs are low with major
proportion about 60.52% earn less than 10,000/- month, and about 13% do not have
stable source of income and 14.25% in the range of 10,000- 20,000 /- month, only
7.61% of PAFs are earning in the range of 20,000 – 50,000/- month.
4. A large proportion of PAFs about 76%, depends on income entirely through
agricultural activities, and about 9% via non-agricultural activities. However,
significantly 11% PAFs are earning from both agricultural and non-agricultural
activities. The majority of PAFs (78%) are Agriculture cultivators and about 7% do
engaged in Animal husbandry. About 13% of PAFs are engaged in other activities,
whereas a very nominal proportion of PAFs (2%) are engaged as agriculture labour.
Under non-agricultural source of income, 19.52% are engaged in private service, only
about 8.22% earning through business activities, and a good number (26.37%) are in
Government services at various positions.
5. In PAPs, males constitute 52.93% of the PAPs while females constitute 47%,
reflecting the marginally low sex ratio at the district level, as indicated in the Census
2011. The major percentage of the population falls substantially in the range of up to
35 years (63.93% as consolidated), indicates that project affected households have a
significant number of young, in their prime and in employable age and dependent
populations.
6. The DIZ's overall educational profile indicates a comparatively low literacy ratio of
the six villages (DIZs) as with 67.21 % of the population as literate and a significant
number, 32.79% of PAPs, are not educated. On the other hand, a substantial
population is well educated at primary and secondary levels, and only 12.36% of
PAPs are graduates.
7. There is a gap between females' literacy levels, which is considerably lower than that
of the males in the direct impact zone. About 38.54 % of women, who have had no
formal education amongst the PAPs in the project impact zone, compared to the
number of not educated men, are approximately 21.75%. The silver lining is that both
men and women at the youth level have a significant contribution at the primary level
and upto 8th standard. Further, it is significant to note that onwards 10th, 12th and up to

108
 Post Graduation level the proportion of females is almost equal as compared to male,
indicating that a large number of females continue their education after 8th standard.
8. The PAPs of DIZs area are engaged in various occupations, majorly dependent on
agriculture activity and agriculture-related activities mainly as crop grower/cultivator,
livestock and daily producers/keepers, i.e., in animal husbandry, private service and as
agricultural labor. About 7.48% of households are doing various private jobs, and
about 4% are employed with government services. Nearly 3.7% are involved in
business & trade and other forms of occupations. Almost negligible PAPs are
involved in various artisans‟ activities. However, a very large proportion of about
29.13% is unemployed. Approximately 12.85% of PAPs are involved in two or more
nature of occupations.
9. Women in the project affected area mostly work at cultivating the lands belonging to
their own families, or in allied activities like animal husbandry and prominently as
house maker. They are not earning either formal or informal way; hence, income
generated by them is not reflected in the survey responses as they are not seen as
earning members in their families. Among the number of recorded earning members,
the majority are males, only about 1.61% women are employed in Govt. / Private
Service.
10. For the purpose of SIMP, it is significant to note that 12.86% of earning PAPs are
engaged at 9th category, i.e. the Elementary Occupation level (i.e., Skill I Level), at 8th
category (Skill II Level), only 0.4% and almost 80.73% of them are engaged at 6 th
category - Skilled Agricultural and Animal Husbandry (i.e., Skill II level) and around
13.18% of them are engaged at 4th & 5th Category level – Clerks and as Service
Workers and Shop and Market Sales Workers (i.e., Skill II level) and about 5.68% at
3rd category as associate professionals ((i.e., Skill III Level) as defined by NCO-2015
report.
11. Based on the data collected, it is observed that the income level of the affected
population is low with 10.72% of earning PAPs are in no stable income a major
proportion, about 7.20% earn less than 4000/- month, and 2.06 % of the PAPs are
earning in the range of 20,000 – 50,000/- month. Therefore, an estimate of the total
number of earning members in the area is around 2481 out of 7875, i.e. the population
dependency ratio is 3:1.
12. The total size of the proposed land to be acquired to expand the Jewar – Noida
International Airport project for which this SIA study has been conducted is merely

109
 1185.6914 hectares, which mainly consists of agricultural land. The acquired area
under DIZ is approximately 95% in aggregate of total land of PAPs, being acquired is
carved out of the six villages viz., “Karauli Bangar - Dayanatpur – Kuraib -
Ranhera - Mundrah - Birampur” of Jewar Tehsil, Gautam Budh Nagar, that
consists of 1987 plots of land or gata sankhya mainly private agricultural plots of
land. Majority of the DIZ is majorly an agricultural land; including an estimated 2998
structures, (residential, residential-cum-commercial, commercial, small business
units, etc) and social infrastructure falling within the proposed project area are
considered as likely affected structures. As the family grows, about 74.25% of the
PAFs have raised some structure for residential purpose and for keeping animals as
being in business of animal husbandry, and few PAFs have raised boundary also
remaining land is only agricultural plots. Thereby, there is substantial
relocation/displacement issue associated with the 74.25% of the PAFs of the village
especially from Kureb, Ranhera and Karauli Bangar Villages.
13. A large population 29.13%, is unemployed in DIZ. The majority of them use their
land, especially for agricultural activities as main occupation and animal husbandry
for their additional source of earning and livelihood along with their engagements in
other occupations. Further, the youth (18-35 years) of the project affected area
consists of a substantial population of 38.58%. The literacy profile among the youth
generation of PAPs is fairly good, although only 8-9 % have technical skills and more
than 55.22% belong to the Art stream, 23.88% from Science streams and 11.10%
from Commerce background at graduate level. However, significantly 14.92% of
them are not educated /literate and only 22.46% of them are graduates. Merely 5% of
the youth are postgraduate spread across with a wide range of specialization from
MA/MSc/M.Com and B. Tech/M. Tech; MBA and even upto MS/MD. With a
substantial unemployment level, they may be engaged in various jobs under SIMP
according to their qualification/educational profile and skill levels. Moreover, the
majority of youth require, especially women, some sort of vocational training/short-
term courses to involve or engage them at least skill I & II level jobs.
14. The socio-economic primary survey of the six villages consists of some
residential/commercial or residential cum commercial structure even some part of
Schools also, as about 1.61% of the PAFs have raised some structure for residential
purpose and residential cum commercial purpose mainly keeping animals as being in
business of animal husbandry, about 1% of the PAFs have raised boundary also,

110
 otherwise remaining land is entirely as agricultural plots. Hence, 4-5% of PAFs are in
considerable vulnerability, as they are engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry, and
have residential structures for family and semi-structure houses for animals. Thereby,
there is some relocation issue for 4-5% associated with the people of the village.
15. The PAFs are engaged in mainly agricultural activities as their primary source of
income, along with animal husbandry as an additional source of income. Many of
them are engaged in various jobs, although in less proportion. Unemployed PAPs may
be engaged in various employment options as part of compensation brought against
the land acquisition. It is expected that the educated and young PAFs will utilize the
monetary compensation towards business avenues, higher education and investment.
The youth of the DIZs especially monitored and counseled towards the utilization of
any cash compensation, as observed during the survey as a major concern of PAFs.
16. There is around 9.75% population in the DIZ, which fall below the poverty line. They
have been allotted BPL card. However, significantly 63% population lies in the
category of APL, and only about 2.32 % are availing „Antyodaya Scheme‟. Senior
citizens and widows are only 0.40%.
17. Based on the data collected in DIZs, it is observed that the consolidated family
income levels of the affected population is low as about 42.67 % PAPs earn less than
Rs.4000, around 35.55% earn within the range of Rs.4000 to Rs.10,000 and 9.93%
are in the range of Rs 10,000-20,000 and 7.61 % are earning in the range of Rs.20,000
– Rs.50,000/- month. However, during survey, it was observed that many of the
families residing in DIZ were reluctant to share their income status.
18. The indebtedness in the Direct Impact Zone is quite significant. There are about
22.18% PAPs have taken loans. The amount for the loans taken range from
Rs.25,000/- to even Rs.3,00,000/- and above. The majority of these loans have been
taken from formal sources, i.e., government banks, Cooperative banks, and Kisan
Credit Card. Although majority of the land owner fairly disclosed their loan status or
loan amount is taken, many of them did not disclose explicitly. About 74.30% of the
borrowers under DIZ have borrowed from government banks, and in remaining,
mainly via Kisan Credit Card Scheme (11.97%) and 5.63% from cooperative society
19. It was observed in the survey that the PAPs in the DIZ have shown concern about
affect in employability (89.11%), earning capacity (96.24%), affect in social position
(96.16%), cultural ethos (95%), family structure (95.60%), mental wellness (94.72%)
as well as ecological wellness (94%). About 14% of the PAFs have shown preference

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 for „Land for land-Compensation, 74% for Employment, 92.55% for cash as
compensation, 48.68% for basic amenities and 10.65% for rehabilitation and
resettlement. There are many of the respondents have preferred to opt more than two
to six possibilities. Out of all PAFs, a very small proportion are reluctant to give away
their land without any satisfactory and appropriate rehabilitation and resettlement
offer from the concerned authority.
20. The DIZ is mostly agricultural in nature and is a very fertile land. As shared by
PAFs, 85% of total DIZ is used for agriculture, and the remaining 15% of the land is
utilized for non-agricultural activity, such as, livestock cottages, some residential
structures, other temporary structures, etc. The agricultural land is well irrigated and a
major part of the area is very fertile. There are many trees also in DIZ. PAFs use
various water resources such as Boring, Nahar/Boring, Tube well, Engine Boring,
Summer cell (Submersible water pump), etc., as shared by them. Out of agriculture
use of land, about 92% is irrigated / fertile land, 8 % non-irrigated land/ land with tree
plantation. Proportion of non-fertile land is almost negligible. The PAFs use the land
in different forms, such as agricultural, tree plantation, and livestock cultivation for
personal and commercial use and for their own domestic needs.
21. Many households have livestock in the DIZ area. They use them for agricultural,
commercial, and domestic purposes, and for the livestock, the cottages are in the DIZ
area. The land primarily being agricultural in nature, the cattle population is one of the
primary assets, which is why cattle possession becomes a very important component
for the PAPs. The majority of the households own buffalo (56.58%), followed by cow
(14.82%) and goat (13%), which is used for milk and dairy purposes.
22. The majority of the families are in the APL category and have their own houses
around DIZ, whereas only 5.36% of them don‟t own houses. The people of DIZ
essentially use two-wheelers (70%) for regular commuting. Around 17% of them use
their own car or four-wheeler for mobility. Some of the families have tractors (11%)
as well used for agricultural activities. About 14% of PAFs have their own
agricultural equipment such as tractors, thresher machines, engine machines,
cultivators, trolleys, wheat cutting machines, lister engines, diesel engines, etc.
However, the majority of them use agricultural equipment on rental basis.
23. The DIZ consists of a variety of trees, majorly Neem, Shesham, babool/Keekar,
popular, Aam, Peepal, Jamun and Sahtoot, etc. Following is the details about type of
tree and approximate numbers as per the survey. The current use of the land is mainly

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agricultural in nature. The major crops grown are Wheat (50%), followed by
Paddy/Rice (42) and Jwar/Bajra (6%) and other small crops (2%). On average, four
crops are grown every year.

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 Chapter-08
Consultations and Focus Group Discussion (FGD)

In order to assess the vulnerability of the Project Affected People (PAPs), the SIA Team
conducted an intensive and elaborate FGD (Focus Group Discussion). This section discusses
the information and data received from the participants and respondents during the Focus
Group Discussion with the community members representing the DIZ from all six villages,
“Karauli Bangar - Dayanatpur – Kuraib - Ranhera - Mundrah - Birampur” consists of a
total Gatas [1987 ] who are likely to be impacted by the proposed Jewar Airport Project.

8.1. Need for Focus Group and Consultations

Infrastructure and development projects that imply demographic relocation of PAPs,
livestock, and livelihood entail policymakers' substantial and socioeconomically sound
framework on execution of resettlement and rehabilitation as per R&R Act. In this aspect,
public consultation refers to the two-way exchange of information or collaborative discussion
between the project proponent and the community. It is an essential component of every
development initiative. These dialogues are vital for the project to be inclusive and
responsive to the local community and social ecology. It brings together all stakeholders,
policy-making bodies, and numerous agencies to discuss and address significant concerns to
attain a mutually satisfactory outcome. It is a mechanism of involving various stakeholders,
particularly affected communities, by offering them a platform to express their opinions,
concerns, and apprehensions about issues and/or activities that may positively or negatively
impact them, thus enabling them to enhance decision-making processes. It not only facilitates
the identification of certain intangible impact and effective planning, but it also assists in the
communication of information, the diminishment of their fears, and the development of
rapport with the communities, all of which is paramount for the smooth implementation of
such projects. The primary objective of stakeholder involvement is to raise public awareness
and acceptance of a development activity or project by lowering perceived environmental
consequences via education and open dialogue. In addition, public feedback can be utilized to
enhance the project's design.

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8.2 Focus Group Discussion - Research Design and Data Collection
For the qualitative analysis of the foreseen impact of the project and opinion/view of the land
owners regarding resettlement and project execution for the welfare of society, SIA team
conducted focus groups and in-depth interviews with the PAPs of all the six villages, Karauli
Bangar - Dayanatpur – Kuraib - Ranhera - Mundrah – Birampur of Jewar Tehsil. This
in turn helped to derive emphatically many pertinent issues related to their land acquisition,
livelihood, employment, social structure, the standard of living, psychological well-being etc.

The impacted community members (PAFs/PAPs) participated in Focus Group Discussions in

during July - August 2021. The majority of the responders were DIZ members who worked
primarily as farmers. The number of women who took part in the focus group was simply
quasi. A brief introduction to the goals and methods of the Social Impact Assessment Study
and the Agency conducting the study was given at the outset of the FGD. During the FGD,
members of the SIA team assisted in the role of moderator. Respondents have stated that they
were well aware of the Jewar Aiport project, and landowners have been notified about the
acquisition. Since most of the respondents were aware of the development of Jewar Airport,
the Social Impact Assessment Team briefed about the background and government initiative
of establishing up the proposed project to the respondents. The focus group discussion and in-
depth interview outcomes were fundamental for generating suggestions for subsequent
research in the study. Focus Group application was particularly helpful in collecting
information about how people think, feel, or act regarding a specific topic.

The moderator had a semi-structured, open-ended set of questions and detailed discussion
with senior residents/farmers/head of the families and group participants. The participants
shared their opinions and ideas about the proposed land acquisition for Jewar Airport Project.
They also shared their views and comments on each other‟s answers. The thrust was on
interaction inside the group. Six focus group discussions were conducted in these villages.
Each focus group consisted of 8-10 participants.

To analyze the interviews and focus group results, a mixture of techniques was used like
ethnography, content analysis, and relational analysis. Ethnographic summary means direct
citations of group discussion. In content analysis, keywords and themes were outlined, and

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concepts were found. In relational analysis, the ideas were examined, relationships between
the concepts were explored and analyzed to find commonalities and differences. These all
approaches of qualitative data analysis are complementary to each other.

Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) objective was to gather as much information as possible
about the lives of the Project Affected Families (PAFs, about the areas they live in, their land-
use arrangements, etc. The FGDs with project-affected people were carried out to obtain the
community feedback to understand the existing socio-economic conditions of the community,
particularly of the vulnerable group of the DIZ. It was carried out by Gata-wise respondents
of all six villages from June to August 2021.

However, most of the PAFs expressed their consent with the proposed Jewar Airport project
and considered it a means of development, small economic activities, development in the
project area, source of increase in land value in the surrounding areas, and a means of
bringing about urbanization. The survey team members did not face any inconvenience
during the collection of information or the consultations. However, the PAPs required
orientation of the project and the assigned roles of the SIA Team, and the PAPs were
informed about the acquisition process under new regulations. The major concerns of the
PAFs converge around a sense of loss of their land, livelihood and social ecology coupled
with apprehension over the compensation packages and the timely payment of compensation.
Awareness regarding the project was widespread. Therefore, it would be fair to say that the
PAPs were not against the project; rather, they are looking forward to the development that
will take place after the project in the surrounding areas. However, the major concern
observed was about the fair compensation to comprehensively compensate for their loss of
agriculture land and livelihood and change in the ecological environment.

8.3 Focus Group Study of the DIZ of the six villages “Karauli Bangar - Dayanatpur –
Kuraib - Ranhera - Mundrah – Birampur

Anticipated project impacts on individual landowners: The proposed project site has been
set up on the majority of private land and community land. The community land has been
given out to the community members for various activities.

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It was well opined that the land to be acquired for the proposed project site will subsequently
affect the common property resources of that area. However, there will be better accessibility
to urban areas and availability of economic activities after the project comes into force.
i. It was observed that, as the PAFs/households are likely to be much affected by the
proposed project, most of the PAFs reside on the landmarked under acquisition. In
addition to this, they also expressed apprehension regarding the farmland acquired by
the government for this project as a major portion (for some, their whole land) falls
within the proposed project area that needs to be dismantled and compensated for the
same.
ii. However, they had apprehensions about losing the farmland and the annual revenue
received from it. Therefore, they demanded that the land should be allocated with the
same size (area) and quality from the Gram Panchayat land to ensure regular revenue
generation.
iii. The majority of the respondents believed that their house comes under the project site,
which will affect a major chunk of the PAFs, as they will be homeless until they have
no pucca house to settle in. However, some respondents believed that these living
conditions might not remain intact unless replaced with another allocated land area
with a housing facility. In such a case, there will possibly be some impact. However,
there will be a huge adverse impact upon such PAPs in case of no land exchange.

 The issues raised especially about nature of the source of income, whether it is
agriculture or non-agriculture and proportion of agriculture, the role of women in
family, use of their private assets for the domestic use or commercial purpose, level
of poverty and BPL/APL card.

The participants were asked about the source of income of the PAF. They have responded
that agriculture and animal husbandry are the only source of income. In agriculture, they are
mainly growing crops, such as, wheat, rice/paddy, jwar, and some other cash crops, and
involved in working in their own fields and/or renting some fields to other villagers. PAPs
are using their land entirely for personal/domestic use, and most of them have APL cards,
along with 9.75% BPL cards. Some PAFs are also engaged in the low scale business
activities like dairy, small scale industry, small shops at the village level. Majority of the
youth are from Art streams and only around 10% from technical background with 23% from
science streams at graduate level. Around 4% of PAPs engaged in the government sector and

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7.48% in the private sector. The majority of women in these villages are solely home maker
i.e. working as a housewife and helping in agriculture activity of their family, very few are
engaged in government and private sector jobs. Only around 1.61% women are in
govt./private jobs. Most of the responded informed that almost everybody has Gas Cylinder
(94%) along with 31% uses both LPG and Firewood both also. Only 5% are still using
woods, upala and other materials for day to day cooking.

 On the impact/effect of land acquisition in their PAPs employability, on earning

capability, social position, cultural ethos, family structure, mental wellness and
ecological wellness.
Majority of them have perception that the project will negatively impact their livelihood and
employability, as their livelihood mainly depend on agricultural activities. Lack of
employment opportunities within the area has already made it difficult for the youth of the
DIZ to survive. Most of them have opined that after losing land they will be dependent on the
market for their grains as well as for animal‟s fodder also, which they produce from the fields
and their cattle like milk, vegetables, and grains, etc.

 Land acquisition will have a negative impact on us and will drastically change our
life. The establishment of the Airport and corporate sector will have a negative impact
on social position, as our identity and that of the village would be obliterated,
resulting in the desolation of our social lives.
 ‘Land acquisition would undermine the villagers’ economy, which will have a
negative impact on our social lives, and the functioning of Panchayati Raj culture,
which has traditionally played a pivotal role in our lives, will be weakened.'
 Any sort of development will impact the topography of the region, resulting in
negative environmental effects due to the removal of trees and the excavation of land.
 ‘Giving land to the government implies that families will be dispersed since there
would be no rationale for future generations to return. Following the land
acquisition, future generations will relocate to other cities in quest of work. Thus, the
leading cause of the family's disintegration will be acquisition.'
 As a result, psychological distress will escalate, future concerns will begin to emerge,
and family disputes will escalate with monetary compensation. Future generations
will have more money, which will increase the odds of family values deteriorating.
The ecosystem will be affected, and pollution will increase in the DIZ.

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Their opinions/perceptions were discussed and sought regarding an increase in
employment productivity, business opportunity, land price, public facility, formal
employment productivity and standard of living in the affected area.

 ‘They will be financially secure if the government ensures that they are employed
under the proposed project; yet, if the government fails to do so, their livelihood
would be jeopardized.'
 This project will boost government and industry income, but it will have no positive
influence on the income of rural inhabitants in the surrounding areas, and it may even
have a negative impact.
 The proposed project will improve industrial prospects in the area, but only if the
government secures rural people's involvement in the scheme; otherwise, the rise in
industrial opportunities will not benefit the rural people, i.e., PAPs.

Their opinion/perceptions were discussed and sought regarding an increase in food

security in the affected area, women employment productivity and standard of living,
The acquisition of agricultural land may adversely affect the food security of the region. Most
of the women here are engaged in agricultural work, so the employment productivity of
women will be adversely affected by the proposed project. Since they lack any vocational
training and skills, and their future prospect may also suffer. Furthermore, the acquisition of
agricultural land for the proposed project will negatively affect their standard of living,
because agriculture and animal husbandry are the main source of income in these villages.
To understand their concern about acquisition’s affect on the local economy of the area,
and economic dependency,

Land acquisition will likely to destroy the basic structure of local economy although new
kind of opportunities may arise but as the villagers are not well-qualified and skilled and
heavily dependent on agriculture and animal husbandry, switch over to other form of earnings
will become difficult, and in turn land acquisition will increase their economic dependence
for lively hood.

The proposed project will have a negative impact on the surrounding area's soil fertility. This
project will pollute the soil, reduce soil fertility, and cause carbon emissions through HCV

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and LCV movements, all of which will negatively influence the environment. In addition, the
proposed project will raise the region's Air Pollution Index (AQI).

Impact on the issues like the water source, water reserve and underground water level
of the surrounding area and the forest reserve in the project area also raised and
discussed in FGD.
The formation of the proposed project would have a negative impact on the water sources of
the area. The amount of pollution in the water will increase, groundwater levels will also go
down, natural water sources will be negatively affected, and these will have a very adverse
effect on the area's water sources.
Most of them were of the opinion that the project may positively impact the growth of health
facilities and hospitals and ensure better medical facilities for the community and the
neighboring villages.

Impact of this project on the increase in educational facility/schools/colleges and

transportation and road facility in the area
This project may positively impact the increase in the number of schools and colleges in the
DIZ, in addition, the proposed project will also facilitate connectivity with local traffic and road
facilities.

On the issue of an improvement in the availability of resources to people and an

increase in value of private asset in the area
Most of respondents were convinced that, due to the proposed project, the availability of
resources in this area may improve and the value of private assets area may increases.

In general, any other opinion/observation about project were also raised and discussed
during FGD.
It was duly conveyed that to maintain transparency in the project's process, they all hope that
the concerned authorities will maintain transparency in the process related to the project. For
the entire land to be acquired for the project, land should be acquired in the same manner.
Section 46 of the Act has been misused by the concerned authority to acquire the land for the
proposed project. So, the concerned authority should follow Section 46 properly and all the
people's land should be acquired in the same manner. The rates of compensation should be
fixed according to the rural area. Provision of appropriate facilities as per the Act should

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also be made available for the landless, dependent, and poor people of the project affected
area. Further, the following issues were raised by the PAPs during FGD:

i. It is difficult to predict the future of whether this project will have an impact on the
safety of the community or not. At present, crime is low in the region, but they are
apprehensive that crime may escalate after the completion of the project because of
the infiltration of migrated labourers and other unacquainted people.
ii. The respondents also had apprehensions that employment opportunities may not be
allocated for the locals because they lack technical skills and have a low educational
qualification, which may not meet the requirement of the jobs offered by the airport
authority.
iii. Concern was also duly discussed related to the loss of cowsheds, the loss of firewood
resources, pasture land of domestic animals, etc.

8.4 Mitigation Measures:

i. Provide additional compensation for the raised structures in DIZ and other
rehabilitation measures along with fair compensation for land.
ii. Illegal collection of fees from the local and passerby should be monitored and
restricted.
iii. An initiative to be taken up to address the community safety during the construction
phase, especially where the families will be shifted for living purposes.

8.5 Overall Likely impact on the Community Well-being and Livability

The PAPs were concerned about the likely impacts on community well-being and livability
and PAPs life will be affected. It is also responded that few of the PAF will be affected more
by this land acquisition as they will be losing land in the large area as compared to the others.
The project will upset the social and cultural life of the people because their lifestyle may
change completely after the project. They are very skeptical about the loss of their native
traditional village culture and joint family structure. They have responded that their
livelihood is mainly based on agriculture/animal husbandry, which provides the equal
distribution of the income among the family members but after the loss of land, we would
be forced to do some kind of business for their survival which would affect the joint family
structure. Further, project may impact on the environment, they said that any kind of

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construction will change the topography of the area and the environment will be negatively
affected. There will be noise, water, and air pollution because of the project.

8.6 The Expectation from this Project

According to the respondents, there is a dire need to create basic amenities, like housing
facilities, education, and medical facilities in the area. There should be an initiative to set up
suitable housing facilities and higher educational institutions for the growth and development
of the PAFs to bring out employment opportunities for skilled, unskilled, and educated
workers.

When the participants were asked about their aspirations and fears about the proposed project
or if they would like to share anything related to it, majority of them welcomed this
development in their village. However, the village Karrauli Bangar residents were opposed to
villages acquisition and rehabilitation. However, they believe that the government is working
for the betterment and infrastructural development of the surrounding area and the people.
They all agreed that it would generate more employment for men and women and increase
more opportunities in the area. The project will also improve the quality of life in the sense of
the availability of electricity and basic amenities. If the landowners give away the land to the
government for the construction of the project then the Government should employ at least
one member from the land owner‟s family after the completion of the project or the
government could also provide alternative land to the PAFs.

All of us have made our houses on lands where we are staying since decades and decades
from the time of our ancestors which have been transferred to each other family on mutual
exchange basis without making official formalities to the appropriated tehsil office.
However, at the time of acquisition of these lands, the beneficiary of financial assistance
may be those who currently do not have any occupancy or right on these lands.

8.7 Apart from the common issues and concerned discussed in the above sections, there
were two villages where some major issues came up in terms of the following:

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Karauli Banger:

 That the villagers have residential structure in the proposed acquired agriculture land
and are not willing to participate in R&R unless their demands of the notification of
the demarcated land areas, which were agricultural land later being used as residential
plots be included in the residential area.
 They demand that an attempt should be made at appropriate level to keep the
residential area outside the acquisition process. They showed willingness to
participate in R&R and give away their agricultural land.
 It was reported that although the villages have been converted into urban sector,
however, still their villages lacked the minimum basic amenities as normally available
in urban area.
 It was primarily pointed out that the Circle Rate in area has not been revised since
2011.
 One of the major problems as voiced by the PAFs, is that any rehabilitation will
grossly disturb their social underpinning as after their rehabilitation they have to
resettle with a new social demography and social indices. The mixing of various
communities becomes an issue. They demanded, if possible, the resettlement should
be in line with their existing residential order.
 As the more than 90% PAFs depends on Agriculture and animal husbandry, the
rehabilitation poses serious threat to continue with animal husbandry at a new place.
PAFs are interested to be active business participants in the project for livelihood.

Ranhera:

 It was reported that although the villages have been converted into urban sector,
however, still their villages lacked the minimum basic amenities as normally available
in urban area.
 It was primarily pointed out that the Circle Rate in area has not been revised since
2011.
 One of the major problems as voiced by the PAFs, is that any rehabilitation will
grossly disturb their social underpinning as after their rehabilitation they have to
resettle with a new social demography and social indices. The mixing of various
communities becomes an issue. They demanded, if possible, the resettlement should
be in line with their existing residential order.

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  Land acquisition will grossly affect their livelihood and employment along with
animal husbandry and the availability of fodder, as they grow and gets easily with
their agriculture land.

The case of KPS Public School, Ranhera:

 It was reported that apart from Residential complex and cattle settlements / servant
shelters etc., khasra nos. 470 & 473 accommodate the Campus of KPS Public School,
Ranhera.
 Shri Kumar Pal Singh, founder of the school, exhausted all his available financial
resources including PF and other superannuation benefits to established the school
w.e.f academic session 2016 -17. Initially from Nursery to 8th class with the intention
and future planning to raise it up to 10+2 standards.
 At the time of establishment of the school, he was not aware the future course and
ultimate destiny that one day all will finish as a result of land acquisition for an
Airport, otherwise he would have not exhausted all the available financial resources
for the school.
 KPS Public School Ranhera is an English Medium School from Nursery to 8th class
duly approved / affiliated by Education Department of U.P Govt. The school is
located half kilometer away from village Ranhera in the North adjacent to Naga Baba
Mandir. Main building of school, play grounds, fruit /flower gardens, water supply
facilities including submersible pump and hand pumps, solar plant, large number of
trees etc. are located in Khasra - 470. Some infrastructure such as main entry gates,
approach roads, fruit / flower plants, normal trees etc. are located partially in Khasra
nos. 470 and 473 both. Other facilities such as cycle stand shades, canteen room,
servant shelters etc. are accommodated in Khasra - 473 (area 0.138688 Ha). Land of
khasra no. 474 is occasionally utilized for some special programs of school such as
sports functions etc.
 The school is managed by a registered society namely Himmat Singh Vidhya Devi
Memorial Society, Ranhera.

Plea by Shri Kumar Pal Singh, founder of the school:

In view of the fact that school had been established for noble cause in the larger social
interest of rural area and I exhausted all my life earnings with the hope that school shall
remain permanent and sustainable profession of my livelihood and ultimately for my family, I

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humbly request to Exempt the school from acquisition. If it not feasible to exempt it in the
interest of project then my interests must be protected and land for re- establishment of the
school up to 10+2 level at R&R site on any other viable site in YIEDA area may kindly be
allotted at concessional rates. I shall be grateful to every concerned.

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 Chapter-09
Public Consultations - Public Hearing
9.1. Significance of Public Hearing
Any infrastructure and development projects that entail the relocation of population, livestock
and livelihood, require robust and socio-economically sound responses from policy framing
bodies. In this context, the “Public Hearing” is an imperative part of any development
project, and demands a very elaborate engagement and constructive discussion between
project proponent and the affected families. Such consultations are required to make the
project inclusive and responsive towards local population and social ecology. It brings
together all stakeholders, policy framing body and various agencies to discuss and address
key concerns and arrive at mutually satisfying outcome. It involves various stakeholders,
particularly local communities by providing them with a platform to express their views,
concerns and apprehensions on issues and/or activities, etc., that might affect them positively
or adversely and thereby enable them to influence the decision-making process. Besides
helping in identifying certain intangible impacts and plan effectively, it also helps to
communicate information, allay their fears, and also helps build rapport with the
communities, which is very essential to smooth implementation of such projects. The goal of
such stakeholder‟s participation is primarily to promote public understanding and acceptance
of a developmental activity or a project by minimizing potential perceived environmental
impacts through education and open discussion. In turn, public feedback can be used as
constructive input into improving the project design.

It is significant to note that, while conducting the surveys and the focused group discussions,
all the PAFs expressed positive attitudes towards the perceived outcomes of the project and
showed willingness to participate in the project with expectations of fair and transparent
process of compensation and appropriate settlement plan. Majority of the people see it as an
opportunity of development, opportunities for business and various economic activities and
above all an increase in land value in the surrounding areas. The survey team engaged with
the affected population extensively and found positive responses about the project during the
survey and FGD. The major concerns of the PAFs centered on a sense of loss their land,
livelihood and social ecology coupled with apprehension over the compensation packages
and the timely payment of the same. Awareness regarding the project was widespread. It
would be fair to say that the PAFs are not against the project, however some of them, who

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had already participated in the Phase-I/Stage-2 of the project, had a lot of apprehensions
about the compensation and R&R package that owe greatly to their earlier experiences.
However, they still are looking forward to the development that will take place after the
project in the surrounding areas.

9.2 Details of the Public Hearing conducted

The public consultation meetings were conducted from 1st November to 11th November 2021.
The first meeting was conducted on 01st November 2021 at the Community Building
Mundrah, the second meeting was conducted on 2nd November 2021 at Primary School –
Birampur, the third meeting was conducted on 8th November 2021 at the Primary School,
Kuraib, the fourth meeting was conducted on 9th November 2021 at Inter College- Nangla
Karauli, the fifth meeting wsa conducted on 10th November 2021 at Aadarsh Inter College –
Ranhera, and finally the sixth and the last meeting was conducted on 11th November 2021 at
Sarvahitkari Inter College – Dayanatpur.

S. No. Date of Project Venue of the public Hearing Time Land Area
Public affected to be
Hearing Village acquired
(Ha)
1 01.11.2021 Mundrah Comminity Building 11:00 AM 53.1870
Mundrah onwards

2. 02.11.2021 Birampur Primary School - Birampur 11:00 AM 59.6645

onwards
3 08.11.2021 Kuraib Primary School, Kuraib 11:00 AM 351.8662
onwards
4 09.11.2021 Karauli Inter College- Nangla 11:00 AM 173.7557
Bangar Karauli onwards
5 10.11.2021 Ranhera Aadarsh Inter College – 11:00 AM 521.3979
Ranhera onwards
6. 11.11.2021 Dayanatpur Sarvahitkari Inter College – 11:00 AM 150.6415
Dayanatpur onwards
1310.5128

The public consultations followed the laid-out procedure of prior notification of venue and
time by the nodal agency and making public the draft report as per the Land Acquisition Act

128
2013. The proceedings of the meeting were duly recorded and the summary is presented in
this chapter. The purpose behind this was to inform people about the project, take cognizance
of their issues, concerns, suggestions and demands, and ensure participation of likely PAFs,
local community and other stakeholders. All PAFs and stakeholders were informed in
advance, and allowed to participate in a free and fair manner. The details of the public
hearing have been recorded in the matrix below.

In line with Chapter II under sections 4, 5 & 6 of „The Right to Fair Compensation and
Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, a public
hearing on the Draft SIA Report of the proposed project is mandatory. For the affected
villages, the public hearing was advertised on the District website, Local Newspaper; the
information was also circulated by a nominated person one day before the public hearing in
the concerned village. These consultations provided meaningful discussions with regard to
adverse impacts, compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation assistance, safety, etc.
Concerns, views and suggestions expressed by the participants during the consultations were
integrated into the design aspects wherever feasible. The key concerns and exchanges during
all the public consultations are recorded in the matrix below.

Issues and Concerns raised in the Public Hearings

As per the provisions contained in Chapter II under Sections 4, 5 & 6 of „The Right to Fair
Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act,
2013, a public hearing on the Draft SIA Report of the proposed project was convened on the
above dates and venues. The Public Hearing was attended by Mr. Balram Singh, ADM-LA,
Mr. Rajanikant, SDM Jewar Airport Project and other office bearers of the Revenue
Department of Jewar Tehsil; the SIA team of Gautam Buddha University Prof. Bandana
Pandey, Dr. Om Prakash, Dr. Amit Kumar Awasthi, Dr. Anand Pratap Singh, Dr. Rakesh
Kumar Shrivastava, and Dr. Vivek Kumar Mishra; and a majority of PAFs from all six
villages. The public hearing was organized to facilitate a dialogue among all stakeholders and
establish proactive contact with the PAFs. The meeting provided a detailed understanding of
PAFs‟ apprehensions, concerns, and expectations regarding the proposed project. The PAFs
were provided with ample opportunities and time to share their concerns and demands related
to the land acquisition and consequently expected compensations and administrative support
for their social and financial securities. Thus, the received feedback, concerns and demands
raised have been summarized in the following section village-wise.

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Major Concerns and Demands

Village: Mundrah
1. The major concern raised was about the rate of calculation of compensation package.
The PAFs demanded that the circle rate should be revised and the compensation
should be decided on the new circle rate with interest at 12%. They categorically
mentioned that the acceptable revised rate should be above 4000/- per square meter.
2. They underlined that the compensation and R&R package do not count minor children
as separate category and they demanded that minor children be included as
independent beneficiary.
3. The applied rates in calculating compensation and R&R should be based on the rate of
the nearby urban area.
4. They demanded timely payment of the compensation at revised rate in a single
installment.
5. They brought the fact that they are giving away their land and properties to the project
in public interest and hence no stamp duty to be charged from PAFs while buying
land in any part of the state.
6. The major concern was the leftover land area after acquisition. The land area which
falls outside the DIZ is very small and will be of no meaningful use after acquisition.
Therefore, it was urged that the small land areas outside the DIZ may be included and
acquired with fair compensation.
7. The concerned authority should establish onsite facilitation center to facilitate the
entire acquisition process and make the life of the farmers easy and hassle-free.
8. An apprehension was raised regarding the status of „shore land‟ being acquired in the
project in terms of the compensation packages and R&R. The fear of shore land
owner and uncertainty regarding their beneficiary status was underlined
empathetically.

Village:
Birampur

1. The rate of compensation should be at par with the market rate

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 2. Timely payment of the revised compensation in a single installment.
3. Employment for all unemployed members of the family.
4. A multipurpose identity card should be issued to all the affected family members.
5. An apprehension was raised regarding the status of „shore land‟ being acquired in the
project in terms of the compensation packages and R&R.
6. Circle rate has not been revised for the last many years and it should be revised. The
circle rate should be revised and the compensation should be decided on the basis of
the revised circle rate.
7. All the provision of benefits as mentioned in the Act should be given to the PAFs.
8. In case of any displacement, the area of newly allotted plot should be equal to the
displaced area owned by the PAFs.
9. The location of the rehabilitation should be decided in consultation with the PAFs.
10. The newly earmarked rehabilitation area should be provided with all the civic
amenities like electricity supply, water supply, roads medical facility etc.

Village:
Kuraib

1. Compensation at the revised rate of the land should be provided. Compensation rate
should not be less than Rs 4000/- sqm.
2. In case of displacement, all development works should be completed at the new
location before shifting at the new location.
3. The size of the newly allotted plot should be equal to the existing acquired residential
area.
4. The facility for Agriculture related business, animal husbandry and dairy form should
be created at new location in case of shifting.
5. Employment to all unemployed PAPs.
6. The resettlement & rehabilitation should be done between Jewar and Tirthali Village
on Jewar-Rabupura road.
7. All the charges for new connection for water and electricity should be waived off for
such newly moved families.
8. Irregularities in the payment of compensation should be worked out and the payment
should be made early and swiftly.
9. Stamp duty should be waived off in case of buying new land.

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 10. Schools, places of worship, community building and other common properties should
be replicated at the new location of shifting.
11. The distribution of population and their settlement pattern should be replicated at
newly allotted place of rehabilitation.
12. Employment emerged as a major concern among the PAFs after their agriculture land
is acquired. They demanded that the priority should be given to provide employment
to unemployed youth of the PAFs.
13. Business opportunity and avenues participation in the project.
14. Places of worship to be allocated as per the existing pattern.
15. Appropriate compensation packages according to revised rate.
16. Land record and revenue details should be updated before distribution of
compensation.
17. Employment for ex-army men from the PAFs.
18. Size of the newly allotted plot should be equal to the existing acquired residential
area.
19. Plot for all dependents in the PAFs without making any distinction between minor
and adult.
20. The daughter in PAFs should be provided with equal opportunity in terms of
education, employment and compensation, ensuring women empowerment.
21. All the basic amenities and facilities should be provided at the new location before
moving.
22. At least one-year time line should be given for construction of new houses and
rehabilitation of the PAFs.
23. In case of displacement the PAFs should be served prior notices at least three in
number to get ready for shifting.
24. Detailed information regarding allotment of plot, basic facilities and process of
shifting, should be shared with the PAFs.

Village: Karauli
Bangar

1. Majority of the PAFs of the village showed their non-willingness to shift to another
location and do not accept any displacement of the population.
2. However, they are ready to relinquish their agricultural land for the proposed project.

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 3. They demanded review of the proposed acquisition of the village and proposed map
of the project, so that this village can be spared and left out of the relocation process.
4. The compensation and R&R package should be prepared considering this area as a
rural area and the appropriate rate for the same may be applied in this process.
5. The land records and entitlements should be updated in the revenue and land records
before the acquisition process begins.
6. The „Aabadi land‟ must be clearly notified after this review and update of the land
records. The „Lal Dora‟ must be clearly drawn and notified before the process of land
acquisition begins.
7. All the pending payment issue of the phase I / stage 1 should be disposed
appropriately before the acquisition for phase 1/ stage 2 begins.
8. All the measures should be taken to ensure financial stability and availability of
business opportunities near the project site.
9. The agency should train and prepare unskilled workforce from the affected PAFs so
that they can take up newly created jobs in the project.
10. The compensation rate should be revised and be paid at the current market rate.
11. Lack of documentation and revision of land records create a lot of conflict on the
issue of Succession and entitlement of the property. This conflict leads to further
confusion on ownership and leads to property disputes in the family. In the view of
such facts the land records and status of ownership (in Khatauni) must be clarified
before the compensation is awarded.
12. A major concern among the villagers converged around their financial stability and
social security. They demand employment of the youth in the project with minimum
guarantee.
13. The agency should also ensure creating opportunities for agriculture-based products,
dairy products, and other business opportunities of PAFs.
14. The PAFs should be given priority while allotting any commercial plots and share in
business ventures.

Village:
Ranhera

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1. Any land being acquired in and around this area should strictly be under the purview
of the Land Acquisition Act 2013. And all the provisions for compensation and R&R
packages should be measured in line with the mandates of the Act.
2. The compensation packages should be calculated at the prevailing market rate, and
not on the circle rate, which has not been revised for the last many years.
3. The status of the area must be treated as a rural area and all the benefits of the
acquisition given to the PAFs at the rate that applies for the rural area.
4. The compensation and R&R package given to the PAFs in the Phase 1/stage 1 land
acquisition was based on the notification by the Yamuna Authority, which declared
this area as an industrial city. However, the villagers empathetically voiced that no
development work was done in the area, as they claimed. Hence, they demanded to be
treated as the population of the rural area and all the benefits of the compensation
should be awarded to them in phase 1/ stage 2 accordingly.
5. They claimed that any sale and purchase of land and registry of property had been
stopped from the last one year; they strongly demand it to be opened in the interest of
the PAFs.
6. The compensation rate and package awarded to them in Phase 1/stage 1 is not
acceptable in Phase 1/ Stage 2. The rate should be revised and all calculations while
preparing the compensation packages should be based on the prevailing current
market rate.
7. The land records and entitlements should be updated in the revenue and land records
before the acquisition process begins.
8. The „Aabadi land‟ must be clearly notified after this review and update of the land
records. The „Lal Dora‟ must be expanded and notified before land acquisition.
9. This was also pointed out that the „Aabadi land‟ of the village notified in 1865 to be
12 Hectares has considerably expanded and multiplied in more than 100 years now. In
the light of such facts, „Aabadi land‟ must be clearly notified after this review and
update of the land records.
10. The pending payment issues of the phase 1/stage 1 should be disposed appropriately
before the acquisition for phase 1/ stage 2 begins.
11. The property on „Shore land‟ were the most apprehensive lot who had no clarity on
title of such plots, who will get the compensation, whether they will get compensation
or not and what about the other benefits and compensation, whether they are entitled
to get or not.

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12. A very important issue pertaining to the interpretation of the word „minimum‟ as
mentioned in the Act 2013 was raised in the meeting and it was discussed that , the
word minimum mandates the least rate for calculating the compensation, however, it
does not restrict the acquisition agency to calculate the compensation package at the
higher rate. Keeping the interest of farmers and PAFs who are supposed to give away
their land and property to the project, the compensation rate should be kept on higher
side and not be restricted at the minimum rate.
13. In order to ensure transparency and welfare in safeguarding of the PAFs and granting
them financial and social security, a task force should be constituted to prepare a road
map for employment and engagement of the eligible and unemployed youths of PAFs.
This task force may have the representatives, who are stakeholder in the project such
as:
a. PAFs
b. District administration
c. Employers
d. Any other agency that may deem fit to be in the task force.
14. Ms. Chanchal Sharma D/O Bhudev Sharma raised an important issue of gender
equality in land acquisition and compensation distribution. She demanded that all the
benefits and privileges extended to the male child of the PAFs should be given to the
female child, without any reservations. She further pointed out that the girls should
not be kept out of such benefits even after their marriage. The employment
opportunity and a consolidated amount in lieu thereof as awarded to the males of the
PAFs should equally be applied to the girl child of the family as well. Another benefit
like plots in case of any displacement, should also be extended to the girl child even
after her marriage.
15. During the public hearing many PAFs underlined their dissatisfaction on the
„perceived discrimination‟ in awarding compensation between minor and adult
children of the PAFs. They demand that the definition of the family should include
and treat minor children at par with adult children above 18 years of age.
16. The place of relocation in case of displacement of the population was found major
concerns, and the PAFs demanded that they should be given choice in selecting the
new place for relocation.
17. They emphasized that the acquisition agency should develop the newly chosen/alloted
place for relocation and provide all the basic civic amenities and facilities before

135
 shifting to the new place. They demanded that all the shortcomings and problems of
Phase 1/stage 1, relocation should be worked out before the acquisition of stage 2.
18. It was a common concern that the PAFs have to run around various offices for their
work. They demand that there should be single window solution for all paper works in
this acquisition process and „on site offices‟ should be established for clearance of
acquisition process to make life of PAFs easy and hassle free.
19. They demanded that in the case of purchasing of any new land in UP by such PAFs,
the stamp duty should be completely waived off.
20. They also demanded that the „Khatauni‟ should be updated with entries from
„Khasara‟ before the acquisition for phase 1/ Stage 2 begins.
21. A large number of PAFs shared their experiences of the acquisition for the Phase
1/Stage 1 and claimed these to be traumatic and disheartening. They demand free and
fair compensation process and time bound settlements of their payments.
22. They voiced apprehension about the procedure of measurement of their residential
area and houses, they demanded that in addition to plinth area the extended areas like
cattle shades, open area, back yards and all such utilities areas which fall within the
boundaries of their houses should be considered as total area. In case of any
displacement the total existing residential area should be considered as their
entitlement and they should be allotted new plot equal in size at new location of their
choice.

Village: Dayanatpur

1. The land records and khatauni have not been updated for many years and it creates a
lot of conflict on the issue of succession and entitlement of the property. It further
leads to confusion on ownership and creates to property disputes in the family.
2. Citing their earlier experience, they demanded „On Site‟ facilitation office for hassle
free disposal of all acquisition related works of PAFs.
3. A major concern among the villagers converged around their financial stability and
social security. They demanded employment of the youth in the project with
minimum guarantee.
4. The PAFs should be given priority while allotting any commercial ventures.

136
 5. They demanded special identity cards for all the PAPs for multiple purposes.
6. The pending payment issue of phase 1/stage 1 should be disposed appropriately
before the acquisition for phase 1/ stage 2 begins.
7. All their assets (including well/tube well, trees, boring, plants, tube wells, hand pumps
etc.) should be evaluated at current market price and be paid one time along with the
compensation amount.
8. During the public hearing, many of PAFs underlined their dissatisfaction on the
„perceived discrimination‟ in awarding compensation between minor and adult
children of the PAFs. They demanded that the definition of the family should include
minor children at par with adult children above 18 years.
9. The compensation and R&R package should be prepared considering this area as a
rural area and the appropriate rate for the same may be applied in this process.
10. They demanded free education to children till class 12th of the PAFs.
11. Landless workers and agricultural labour should also be included in rehabilitation and
compensation, and they should be compensated with financial awards as well as
employment opportunities.
12. Employment and financial stability were major concerns among the PAFs. They
demanded employment guarantee and a time bound roadmap for their inclusion in the
project.

9.3 The Key Issues and Responses

Information Concerns/ Suggestions
given/benefits indicated Issues raised
 Compensation to be  Majority of the PAFs of the  The proposed acquisition of the
provided in place of Karauli Bangar village showed aabadi land of the Karauli Bangar
acquired land under the their non-willingness to shift to village should be reconsidered at
provisions as contained another location and do not an appropriate level and the
in „The Right to Fair accept any displacement of the proposed map of the project may
Compensation and population. However, they are be revised, so that this village can
Transparency in Land ready to relinquish their be spared and left out of the
Acquisition, agricultural land for the relocation process.
Rehabilitation and proposed project.  The demand of the PAFs of

137
 Resettlement Act, 2013.  Any land being acquired in and Kuraib may be considered and a
 Increase in employment around this area should strictly joint committee consisting of the
opportunities and be under the purview of Act representatives form PAFs and
alternative sources of 2013. And all the provisions concerned agency be formed to
income. for compensation and R&R identify the land for relocation of
 In case of any packages should be measured this village.
displacement of the in line with the mandates of the  Major concern- land prices and
population, the laid Act. compensation packages. The rates
down procedure must be  In case of displacement, all should be fixed on higher side of
followed and the PAFs developmental work should be the RFCTLARR Act – 2013.
are entitled to all the completed before shifting. The  Keeping the interest of farmers
benefits as contained in PAFs of the village Kuraib and PAFs who are supposed to
the „The Right to Fair demanded that the relocation give away their land and property
Compensation and should be done between Jewar to the project, the compensation
Transparency in Land and Tirthali Village on Jewar- rate should be kept on higher side
Acquisition, Rabupura road. and not be restricted to the
Rehabilitation and  The compensation packages minimum rate.
Resettlement Act, 2013. should be calculated at the rate  Employment for at least one
 Developed infrastructure of prevailing market rate, and person per affected household be
and increased not on the circle rate, which given.
transportation would has not been revised for the  PAFs should be mapped based on
lead to enhancement in last many years. skills, and suitable job opportunity
education standards,  The status of the area should for them during and after the
besides improvement in be treated as a rural area and completion of the project may be
medical facilities. all the benefits of the arranged.
 About the land acquisition given to the PAFs  In order to enhance employability
acquisition act and at the rate that applies for the of the PAFs, a structured measure
compensation associated. rural area. must be initiated for skill training
 The compensation and R&R and appropriate placement.
package given to the PAFs in  Existing Social security schemes
the phase-I/ stage 1 land of Government of India and
acquisition was based on the Government of UP should be used
notification by the Yamuna to bring sense of security among
Authority, which declared this the PAPs.

138
 area as industrial city.  The definition of „family‟ has
However, the villagers been broadened in this package
empathetically voiced that no where every member of the PAF
development work was done in of 18 years age and above is being
the area, as they claimed. treated as independent individual
Hence, they demand to be beneficiary for compensatory (i)
treated as population of the amount of Rs. 5 Lacs one time or
rural area and all the benefits (ii) an employment in the project
of the compensation should be in lieu thereof, (iii) Rs. 2000/- per
awarded to them in phase-I/ month for the next 20 years as
stage 2 accordingly. pension to be given.
 Lack of documentation and  In addition to the total
revision of land records create compensatory package, an amount
a lot of conflict on the issue of of Rs. 50,000/- be given to per
Succession and entitlement of family as relocation allowance.
the property. This conflict  The compensation should be
leads to further confusion on released to beneficiaries as per the
ownership and leads to details of „Bhulekh‟ records.
property disputes in the family.  The land records and entitlements
 Citing their earlier experience, should be updated in the revenue
they demand „On Site‟ and land records before the
facilitation office for hassle acquisition process begins.
free disposal of all acquisition
related works of PAFs.  The affected villages have grown
 They claimed that any sale and in size and land area over a
purchase of land and registry considerable period of time;
of property have been stopped however, the revenue records and
from the last one year; they documents have not been revised.
strongly demand it to be In the light of such facts, „Aabadi
opened in the interest of the land‟ must be clearly notified after
PAFs. this review and update of the land
 The compensation rate and records.
package awarded to them in  The benefits of the Ayushman
Phase-I/stage 1 is not Bharat Scheme of the

139
 acceptable in Phase I/ Stage 2. Government of India be extended
The rate should be revised and to the PAFs and they should be
all calculations while preparing covered under this programme.
the compensation packages  Acquisition of land and threat to
should be based on the livelihood bring a serious social
prevailing current market rate. and financial insecurity among the
 The „Aabadi land‟ must be PAFs. While addressing such
clearly notified after this security and apprehensions the
review and update of the land compensation package should to
records. (The „Lal Dora‟ must be designed as per the prevailing
be expanded and notified). „Act and provisions‟ which
 This was also pointed out that rendered maximum benefits to the
the „Aabadi land‟ of the village beneficiaries and financial
notified in 1865 to be 12 stability and financial stability to
Hectares has considerably all social units.
expanded and multiplied in  Entire village relocated together to
more than 100 years now. a nearby locality (Jewar, Noida,
 All the pending payment issue etc.)
of the phase I/stage 1 should be  Compensation/pension packages
disposed appropriately before for old people, widows,
the acquisition for phase I/ (vulnerable households)
stage 2 begins.  Employment for women and
 The property on „Shore land‟ facilities for setting up cottage
were the most apprehensive lot industries.
who had no clarity on title of  Facilities like hospitals/ health
such plots, who will get the centers, good water, schools,
compensation, whether they college and playground.
will get compensation or not  Most importantly- areas of
and what about the other congregation like temples have to
benefits and compensation, definitely be established.
whether they are entitled to get  Community hall for functions and
or not. community gatherings
A very important issue  Water for the construction of
pertaining to the interpretation proposed project to be sourced

140
 of that was raised in the differently from water sources of
meeting and it was demanded the community.
that the word „minimum‟ as  Current cost of materials for
mentioned in the Act 2013, is structures to be accounted for in
mandatory to be followed, the relocation plan. All social
however, it does not restrict the infrastructure to be included in the
acquisition agency to calculate relocation plan and area.
the compensation package at  Proper garbage disposal system,
the higher rate. In order to as the current garbage is thrown
ensure transparency and into the local pond.
welfare in safeguarding of the
PAFs and granting them
financial and social security, a
task force should be
constituted to prepare a road
map for employment and
engagement of the eligible and
unemployed youths of PAFs.
This task force may have the
representatives, who are
stakeholder in the project such
as:
 PAFs
 District administration
 Employers
 Any other agency that may
deem fit to be in the task
force.
 Ms. Chanchal Sharma D/O
Bhudev Sharma raised an
important issue of gender
equality in land acquisition and
compensation distribution. She
demanded that all the benefits

141
 and privileges extended to the
male child of the PAFs should
be given to the female child,
without any reservations. She
further pointed out that the
girls should not be kept out of
such benefits even after their
marriage. The employment
opportunity and a consolidated
amount in lieu thereof as
awarded to the males of the
PAFs should equally be
applied to the girl child of the
family as well. Another benefit
like plots in case of any
displacement, should also be
extended to the girl child even
after her marriage.
 During the public hearing a
large number of PAFs
underlined their dissatisfaction
on the „perceived
discrimination‟ in awarding
compensation between minor
and adult children of the PAFs.
They demand that the
definition of the family should
include and treat minor
children at par with adult
children above 18.
 The place of relocation in case
of displacement of the
population was found major
concerns, and the PAFs

142
 demand that they should be
given choice in selecting the
new place for relocation.
 They emphasized that the
acquisition agency should
develop the newly chosen
place for relocation and
provide all the basic civic
amenities and facilities before
shifting to the new place.
They demanded that all the
shortcomings and problem of
Phase I/stage 1, relocation
should be worked out before
the acquisition of stage 2.
 It was a common concern that
the PAFs have to run around
various offices for their work.
They demand that there should
be one window solution for all
paper works in this acquisition
process and temporary offices
may be establish „on site
offices‟ should be established
for clearance of acquisition
process to make their life easy
and hassle free.
 In the case of purchasing of
any new land by such PAFs,
the stamp duty should be
completely waived off.
 They also demand that the
„Khatauni‟ should be updated
with entries from „Khasara‟

143
 before the acquisition for phase
I/ Stage 2 begins.
 A large number of PAFs
shared their experiences of the
acquisition for the Phase
I/Stage 1 and claimed these to
be traumatic and disheartening.
They demand free and fair
compensation process and time
bound settlements of their
payments.
 They voiced apprehension
about the procedure of
measurement of their
residential area and houses,
they demand that in addition to
plinth area the extended areas
like cattle shades, open area,
back yards and all such utilities
areas which fall within the
boundaries of their houses
should be considered as total
area. In case of any
displacement the total existing
residential area should be
considered as their entitlement
and they should be allotted
new plot equal in size at new
location of their choice.

9.4 Key Concerns and Recommendations

Acquisition of land and rehabilitation of population, livestock and livelihood bring a serious
social and financial security among the PAFs. As SIA agency for the project, we have
undertaken a structured study of the social impact of this project in the notified area of the six

144
villages located in Jewar Tehsil. The team took utmost care in understanding socio-economic
impact on the affected population and have listed key concerns of the PAFs after the public
consultation hearings. The following section summarizes the key concerns of the PAFs and
contains recommendations.

1. Major concern- land prices and compensation packages. The rates should be fixed on
higher side of the RFCTLARR Act – 2013.
2. An acquisition of land and threat to livelihood bring a serious social and financial
insecurity among the PAFs. While addressing such security and apprehensions
about the compensation package may be designed as per the prevailing „Act and
provisions‟ which renders maximum benefits to the beneficiaries and financial
stability and financial stability to all social units. A compensation/pension packages
for old people, widows, (vulnerable households) may be worked out additionally.
3. Existing social security schemes of Government of India and Government of UP
should be used to bring sense of security among the PAPs.
4. Keeping the interest of farmers and PAFs who are supposed to give away their land
and property to the project, the compensation rate should be kept on higher side and
not be restricted to the minimum rate.
5. An important issue pertaining to the interpretation of the word “Minimum” was raised
in the meeting and it was demanded that the word „minimum‟ as mentioned in the
Act 2013, is mandatory to be followed, however, it does not restrict the acquisition
agency to calculate the compensation package at the higher rate. In order to ensure
transparency and welfare in safeguarding of the PAFs and granting them financial
and social security, a task force should be constituted to prepare a road map for
employment and engagement of the eligible and unemployed youths of PAFs. This
task force may have the representatives, who are stakeholder in the project such as:
a. PAFs
b. District administration
c. Employers
d. Any other agency that may deem fit to be in the task force.
6. After the acquisition of the agriculture land the vulnerability of the landless workers
multiplies and unemployment emerged as one of the major concerns among the
PAFs. In order to address this major concern, the project executing agency should
ensure employment for at least one person per affected household. Such

145
 unemployed youth of the affected population are not technically trained and
qualified for higher end jobs in the project. In such a case, PAFs should be mapped
based on their qualifications and skills, and suitable job opportunity for them during
and after the completion of the project may be arranged. In order to enhance
employability of such vulnerable PAFs, a structured measure must be initiated for
skill training and appropriate placement.
7. The definition of „family‟ has been broadened in this package where every member of
the PAF of 18 years age and above is being treated as independent individual
beneficiary for compensatory (i) amount of Rs. 5 Lacs one time or (ii) an
employment in the project in lieu thereof, (iii) Rs. 2000/- per month for the next 20
years as pension to be given. In addition to the total compensatory package, an
amount of Rs. 50,000/- be given to per family as relocation allowance. It is
recommended that the above rates may be increased keeping in view the current
inflation.
8. The affected villages have grown in size and land area over a considerable period of
time; however, the revenue records and documents have not been revised. In the
light of such facts, „Aabadi land‟ must be clearly notified after this review and
update of the land records.
9. The proposed displacement of the Karauli Bangar village may be reconsidered at an
appropriate level and the proposed map of the project may be revised and realigned,
so that this village may be spared and left out of the relocation process.
10. The demand of the PAFs of the affected village which are proposed to be displaced
regarding their choice of rehabilitation site/location for shifting may be considered
and a joint committee consisting of the representatives form PAFs and concerned
agency be formed to identify the land for relocation.
11. Facilities like hospitals/ health centers, good water, schools, college and playground.
Most importantly- areas of congregation like temples have to definitely be
established. Community hall for functions and community gatherings Water for the
construction of proposed project to be sourced differently from water sources of the
community. Current cost of materials for structures to be accounted for in the
relocation plan. All social infrastructure to be included in the relocation plan and
area. Proper garbage disposal system, as the current garbage is thrown into the local
pond

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12. The PAFs with their houses and property on „Shore land‟ were the most apprehensive
lot who had no clarity on title of such plots, their entitlement for getting the
compensation, and other benefits and compensation. Such vulnerable groups may be
extended with all possible benefits and compensation under the RFCTLARR Act –
2013 and the rates may be kept at the possible higher side.
13. The benefits of the Ayushman Bharat Scheme of the Government of India be
extended to the PAFs and they should be covered under this programme.
14. The women among the PAFs are the most vulnerable group. After acquisition of the
land and properties, they are subjected to multiple marginality and vulnerability.
The R&R package must include women and empower them financially. There
should be a joint bank account in which the compensation money may be
transferred. The gender equality should remain the guiding principle in land
acquisition and compensation distribution. It is recommended that all the benefits
and privileges extended to the male child of the PAFs must be given the female
child, without any distinction. The employment opportunity and a consolidated
amount in lieu thereof as awarded to the males of the PAFs should equally be
applied to the girl child of the family as well. Another benefit like plots in case of
any displacement should also be extended to the girl child. In order to ensure social
and financial security to women, they should be provided with required skill
training, support and opportunities for setting up small economic activities and
cottage industries.
15. Another major concerns among the PAFs was the left-over land area after acquisition.
The land area which falls outside the DIZ is very small and will have no significant
use after acquisition. It can neither be used for farming nor for any commercial
purposes. The land will not have any value for sale as well. It is recommended that
the small land areas that fall outside the DIZ may be included and acquired with fair
compensation.

16. The PAFs were mainly concerned about clarity in ownership, family succession of the
land and multiple claimants. The loss of land is seen as a loss of long-term social
security, as the loss of fertile land and subsequent loss of gross annual agricultural
produce, and ultimate loss of income and financial support. It is recommended that
khatauni and revenue records may be updated before the acquisition of their land
begins.

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 17. While addressing apprehensions of the PAFs regarding social and financial security,
the compensation package may be designed as per the prevailing „Act and
Provisions‟ which renders maximum benefits to the beneficiaries and financial
stability to all social units.
18. The PAFs has inform that the circle rates of the area has not been revised since last
many years. They were concerned about the higher rates of compensation. It is
recommended that the compensation may be given as per land acquisition act 2013.
19. The PAFs demanded to receive entire compensation amount in single installment. It is
recommended that this demand should be considered as per the RFCTLARR (UP)
Rules 2016, which mandates that the compensation be given as per the choice of the
PAFs, either in single or multiple installments.
20. Majority of the PAFs indicated that the effort of developing this project will also
make a progressive shift in the life of the local people by developing their mindset
for new/ renewed economic activities such as, start-ups by young individuals and
businesses by majority of the population. It is recommended that the project should
include the expectations and demands of the PAFs to the extent possible.

Note: The major concerns, issues and demands raised by the PAFs during the
public hearing meetings in all six villages have been duly represented
and incorporated in this chapter. The written memorandum and pleas
received from the PAFs are attached at the end of this chapter for any
ready reference.

Pictures from the Public Hearings

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149
Pictorial illustration of Public Hearing meetings

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 Chapter-10
Social Impact Analysis
10.1. Potential Positive Impacts
The potential positive impacts have already been discussed in detail in the first SIA Report of
this project in Phase-I stage 1. It is imperative to note that this proposed land acquisition is
being done in the Phase-I Stage 2 of the Noida International Airport for expansion of the
Airport. This SIA study has been carried out for this purpose. This project is an ambitious
initiative of the government to accelerate growth in the domestic market. The National Civil
Aviation Policy (2016) places significant focus on smaller cities and their growing middle-
class population. With the intention of making flying more accessible and affordable to
people in the smaller cities, the Policy has come up with the Regional Connectivity Scheme
(RCS). The construction of the proposed Noida International Airport is expected to boost the
RCS scheme and cater to domestic and International traffic demands. The proposed Airport is
expected to begin its operations in 2022-23 and estimated to serve a total annual passenger
demand of around 5 million. It is estimated that by 2029-30 the annual passenger handling
will go up to 16 million, maintaining a growth rate of about 19%. This growth will include
both the domestic and international passengers at 18% and 33% respectively. It is projected
that by the end of 2050, the airport traffic demand at this airport may reach about 98 million
passengers annually. However, given the current master plan, the airport may cater to about
70-77 million passengers annually (PwC TEFR, 2018).
The expansion of the Noida International Airport in this phase is currently planned over
approx. 1364.6919 hectares of land. However, given the high traffic growth in India and Delhi
NCR region, the Government of Uttar Pradesh wishes to make a 6-runway system for this
airport. The airport enjoys a strategic geographical location and possesses a strong potential
for multiple industries in the nearby region, which might develop positive synergies with the
airport. Some examples of such industries are Electronics, Aerospace & Defense (including
MRO), Automobiles (Electric Vehicles), Textile and other miscellaneous industries. The
Government of Uttar Pradesh also envisages the development of these industries to boost the
state's economy. However, the development of such industries in the airport region requires
additional land apart from the future development of additional runways. It is estimated that
there is a strong potential for land offtake for setting up the Electronics industry, Aerospace &
Defense, Automobiles (Electric Vehicles), Textile and miscellaneous. Based on high-level

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preliminary estimates, in total, nearly 3200 – 4000 acres of land may be considered for such
development.
10.2 Positive Impacts Perceived by the PAFs
The primary survey was conducted to understand the impacts of the project as perceived by
the PAFs. The residents seemed to be hopeful about their socio-economic development and
because of Airport, boost to good road connectivity with larger markets and major trade
centers, enhancing employment and business activities, Poverty Alleviation, increase in
employment and business Activities, Tourism and Hospitality industry along with increased
demand in Services and development of other business and manufacturing industry, will lead
to overall Growth in income, prosperity and quality of life to PAPs of DIZ and adjacent area.
The PAPs have the realization that the proposed project will bring about employment
opportunities especially with unorganized jobs/ business and increase business and trade in
the area and will also increase the value of land across the widened roads, bridges and metro
connectivity. They expect that the concerned government agencies will create better
amenities, better roads, schools, transport, and medical facilities. However, The PAPs did not
seem very excited about perceived positive impacts of the project and the team found very
mix responses regarding developments measure post acquisitions of their land.
Regarding the rise in land price in adjacent area of DIZs, 85% of PAPs were of the view that
an increase in land price in adjacent area. Similarly, about 75% were of the view that there
will be increase in public facility, employment productivity, and standard of living.
Fig 10.1 Different positive impacts perceived by PAPs (Source: Primary Survey)

10.3 Impact on Poverty Alleviation

The Airport project in the DIZ will significantly increase connectivity with the larger market
and trade centers of the region, the better road facility and job opportunity in both organized

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and unorganized sector, because of establishment of allied industry and peripheral services
associated with the airport will direct impact on poverty alleviation and increased standard of
living for the PAFs. The huge infrastructural development associated along with Airport
project will enhance the connectivity of roads, improved public transportation, and other
basic amenities in adjacent to DIZ will provide the alternative means of livelihood to the
PAPs. The primary data collected through the survey also states that 75% of the PAPs
surveyed believed that this increased mobility and connectivity will provide them with formal
and informal business opportunities and increase in employment productivity.
10.4 Key Adverse Impacts
The SIA study revealed that the primary concern of the PAPs for loss of land and residential
structure, wastage of leftover land-area and adverse environmental impact in the area due to
the huge infra project like Airport. There is significant displacement of PAFs causing
perceived fear and social security negatively along with apprehension about social status and
identity issue of PAFs. Moreover, because of acquisition there will be an adverse impact on
livelihood and food security. Further, displacement of three villages and acquisition of
agriculture land of Mundrah, Birampur and Dayanatpur will lead to an increase in unskilled
labours because of loss of farmland. Displacement will also lead to an adverse impact on
family structure, especially women and children. The estimated negative impacts could be on
the land, ecology, community, soil, agriculture, livestocks and livelihood, etc.
10.4.1 Impact on Land
The proposed acquisition of 1364.6919 hectare is mainly agricultural land plots with the
displacement of three villages ( Kaurauli Bangar, Kuraib and Ranhera) out of six villages of
PAFs as residential structure and residential-cum-commercial which is to be subsumed under
the Direct Impact Zone. This affected area is a very significant proportion of six villages,
primarily engaged in agricultural activities along with animal husbandry with approximatly
74% of the total project affected population. Almost the entire land is currently used for the
purpose of agriculture and animal husbandry. The change in land use, from agricultural to
transport/commercial use, specifically for the purpose of establishing Airport Project under (Civil
Aviation Department, Govt. of UP) has been granted by the Government of Uttar Pradesh. The loss of
the land especially residential structures can be a major cause of displeasure to the landowners as the
land is the most viable fixed asset of the PAFs and remains their continued source of livelihood.
During surveys and public hearing, the PAFs have shown empathetically their concern about their rate
of compensation appropriate and revised as per current market value, and resettlement plan. These

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major concerns should be duly taken care of by having an organized system of administering the
compensation and R&R scheme.

10.4.2 Impact on Common Structures

As three villages namely Ranhera, Kuraib and Karauli Bangar are proposed to be
displaced in this phase of acquisition and consequently the existing common properties of
these villages will also be displaced as per the details given in the table. As per the survey,
there are 23 common properties in Kuraib, 18 common properties in karauli bangar and 35
common properties in Ranhera are proposed to be displaced. In the remaining three affected
villages namely Dayanatpur, Mundrah and Birampur, there are no common property
affected in the land acquisition and the entire land is being used for agriculture activities
growing crop or marginally for keeping live stocks or for animal husbandry mainly.
The proposed acquisition of the land out of six villages does have large sets of common
structure like samadhi sthals, Gram Sabha, or Panchayat Ghar etc. The acquired land is
entirely agricultural and used for farming specially Bajra, Wheat, and Paddy and partially for
animal husbandry. There are significant numbers of public permanent structure which are
going to subsumed, hence a proper planning of establishing such structure in new location
should be considered meticulously by the agency.

10.4.3 Impact on Fixed Assets and Occupational Structure

The site of the proposed six villages under Jewar Airport Extension Phase I stage -2, have
significant number of public permanent structure like Primary /Higher secondary /Sr.
Secondary Schools/wells/Temples/Mosques/ Shamshan/ Kabristan/ Police Chowki/ Johad/
Dharamshala/ Gramshabha. The entire land is primarily agricultural in nature, and a direct
source of income for the villagers. The land acquisition will adversely affect those
households who are solely dependent on the area for their livelihood, more than households
who have other sources of income as well in terms of jobs and businesses. The rehabilitation
plan should thereby include the assurance of the continued usage of these assets. Also, there
need to be an income generation plan for affected PAFs. The resettlement programme should
include activities like training, employment from jobs at the Airport project and its associated
jobs, directed credit for small businesses, and enterprise development for job creation.
Although, there are a small section of the households that are not directly dependent on this
agricultural land and work in the private and government sector or have small businesses. It
can thereby be inferred that the PAFs do have some exposure to other avenues of generating
livelihood and by orienting and training them to such other ventures, the impact on the

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occupational structure, and livelihood dependency can be reduced considerably. PAFs are
keenly looking forward to the potential jobs in the service sector associated with Airport
Project, which they believe that, will bring stability in their lives.

10.4.4 Impact on Livestock and Agricultural Crops

PAFs of all six villages of the project have much livestock for the support in farming and
animal husbandry for domesticated animals like buffalo, cow, goat, horse, etc. Being animal
husbandry a major source of income after agricultural activities, the resettlement of these
livestock should also be ensured so that they continue to be the source of their income.
Moreover, the acquired land being primarily agricultural has substantial growth of many
crops, such as, wheat, bajra, jwar, and paddy/rice, etc., which is an indirect source of income
for villagers in the form of edibles and thereby the resettle plan and compensation package
should also consider this indirect source of dependency of villagers.

10.4.5 Impact on the People in the Adjacent Area

Proposed Airport project will not only impact the PAFs including displaced families, but also
have an indirect or direct impact on the population of the adjoining area considered as the
project influence area. As the development of such huge infrastructural project could harm
groundwater, surface water, air, and sound in the adjacent areas, causing adverse effects on
ecological balance. The over depletion of groundwater can cause water issues. The increased
vehicle movements because of Airport will lead to a significant adverse impact on the local
air quality as well as continued noise pollution. The construction phase itself can result in
noise and air pollution and bring about disturbance to settlements around.

10.5 Concerns Perceived by the PAPs

The socio-economic survey also recorded the concerns of PAFs with the proposed project.
The major one remained the loss of land itself. Other concerns included compensation plan
that too revised and at current market rate, revision of circle rate, huge loss of livelihood,
adverse impact on family structure and delayed and segmented payments of the compensation
amounts, and apprehension about job engagement in airport project. They want a properly
laid compensation plan against the loss of their lands and a suitable relocation of their choice
with equal size of area, as they are living at DIZs. Further, the PAFs believe to experience
more positive impacts with the development of the project; however, they shared these

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concerns primarily as apprehensions about the compensation plan and relocation along with
voice against the construction of the proposed project. The major concern perceived by the
PAFs are Loss of land, Compensation Plan, Livelihood Insecurities, impact on family
structure, impact on mental wellness.
Figure 10.2: Concerns perceived by PAFs

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 Chapter-11
Social Impact Management Plan
11.1 Approach to Mitigation Measures
The compensation for the PAFs is proposed to be laid out based on RFCTLAR (UP) Rules,
2016, and also at par with the compensation of the acquired land of the DIZ under six
villages. Due care will be taken to compensate each affected family according to their
associated losses- land, structure, movable/immovable assets, etc. The Act ensures that
proper compensation must be given to the PAFs and all their related concerns are taken care
of. The SIA Team tried to map the concerns raised by the PAFs during survey and public
hearing with the provision in the Act. The proposed measures thereby identified for the
welfare of the project affected people in the RFCTLAR (UP) Rules, 2016 are:
i. Social impact assessment before the land acquisition process
ii. More monetary benefit and listing of the displaced family, landholding and
infrastructure in the affected area, commercial structure/establishment in the affected
area, landless people in the affected area, list of PAPs belong to SC/ST, handicapped
in the affected area, list of landless agriculture laborers in the affected area, listing of
movable/immovable assets in the affected area.
iii. Benefits to Non-title holders also included – and proper compensation packages take
into account the PAFs who do not have proper land ownership or land registration,
however living their i.e. in DIZ for many years.
iv. Right to dissent should be ensured and duly considered thereof
v. Mandatory and time bound R&R package beyond acquisition including livelihood
plan, gender plan, etc.
vi. Timeline for payments before R&R and in time payment and no displacement before
R&R.
vii. Prior notice at least three times to be served to all displaced PAFs, and must be given
proper time 9-12 month for smooth displacement and resettlement to new area of their
choice with utmost caring of their live stocks also.
viii. Due diligence to social impacts covering of economic, psychological, ecological,
mental encompassing due to displacement/resettlement.
ix. Transparency and participatory approach to be followed for acquisition and there after
resettlement process
x. Utmost care to curb misuse of land

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 xi. The option of the lease
xii. Institutional mechanism- National/State monitoring authorities for disposal of
disputes/ commissioner R&R/ administrator
Approach to Mitigation
The executing agency for Noida International Greenfield Airport has to follow the
process prescribed in the RFCTLARR (UP) rules 2016 and RFCTLARR Act 2013, for
acquiring the proposed area for the project. Various rounds of public consultations
were done in each affected village to know about the concerns and demands of
various groups including more vulnerable groups like women, SC/ST and physically
handicapped.
A primary survey was conducted exclusively for the PAFs to have firsthand opinions and
concerns of the PAPs, and map them to have a more effective Social management plan.
Measure to avoid, mitigate, and compensate impact
To avoid any adverse impact of proposed Noida International Greenfield Airport, best
possible technological design is proposed and efforts has been made to acquire minimum
possible land with minimum disruption to settlement. Also, appropriate measures are planned
during construction phase as well which will not trouble the local inhabitants. To compensate
for the land and its associated impact, comprehensive R&R plan will be made based on
RFCTLARR Act, 2013 and RFCTLARR (UP) Rules 2016.
Measures that the requiring body has stated it will introduce in the project proposal
Apart from ensuring the implementation of RFCTLAR (UP) Rules, 2016 for the
compensation plan, there should be some institutional mechanism for the timely and
justifiable implementation of the same. The project implementing agency is thereby
suggested to undertake the following:
 Grievance redressal mechanism need to be developed and a committee should be
instituted headed by a senior officer for the timely settlement of the grievances
related to land acquisition and R&R settlement. It should exist from the beginning
till the end of the project.
 Monitoring of RAP (Rehabilitation action plan) quality should be done by authority
on regular basis under the watch of a senior designated officer and quality
monitoring should be done by external agency on regular basis (preferred once in
three months).

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  Evaluation of R&R should be done by some external agency and the result should be
used for any further action if required. There can be one midterm and one end
term evaluation of the R&P.
Additional measures that the requiring body has stated it will undertake in response to
the findings of the SIA process and public hearings.
Besides complying with the required provisions of the act, the project executing agency
should try to accommodate maximum or all the project affected people for the jobs created at
and around the project. The agency should try to provide appropriate employment
opportunities to the PAFs based on individual skills and education.
11.2 Impact and Management Plan
This section talks about various impacts which the proposed project is perceived to have on
the life of the PAPs, and also discusses the respective management plan to curb those impacts
as follows:
 The first and foremost important impact on the PAFs is the permanent acquisition of
their land. The management plan for this impact is to provide rich compensation
to them as per on RFCTLAR (UP) Rules, 2016, and also at par with the
compensation of the acquired four villages of the Dadri and Gautam Budh Nagar
Tehsils.
 There is a some people who are dependent on the land to support their livelihood and
with the land being acquired, they will lose the livelihood opportunity. Since the
entire land of six villages is agricultural, there will be an absolute loss of farm
produce on the land used up for farming.
 An estimate analysis of loss of farm productivity due to land acquisition can be seen
as approximately 24 Crores per annum. A total area of 1365 Hectares is being
used up for the proposed airport, out of which 85% is farm land. There will be
loss of farm produce on the land used up for farming. On one hectare of land, the
average production of wheat is 3400 kg per hectare (approx.), and the appx farm
income (Profit) is INR 21 per Kg (As per public consultation). (Considering MSP
as INR 2110 per Quintal). So, it could be estimated that the loss of profit from
one hectare of land is Appx 71,400. Loss of profit from 1160.25 hectares of land
is INR 82,824,000 (Appx 8 crores). If we consider three crops per year then the
approximate loss of crop productivity is INR 24 Crore per annum.
 On one hectare of land, the average approximate production of wheat is 3217
kg/hectare and the approximate farm income (Profit) is INR 10/kg (as per public

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 consultation with PAFs). To compensate for this continued source of income
from their land, the impact management plan should prioritize the PAPs for the
job. The project executing agency should employ the PAPs as per the skills,
education, willingness, and suitability for the job. Project executing agencies
should also help in the skill development of the PAPs and make them suitable for
the jobs taken.

11.3 Gender Plan

Among the PAFs from the DIZ of villages ““Karauli Bangar - Dayanatpur – Kuraib -
Ranhera - Mundrah - Birampur”” about 80% claimants are male, whereas female
proportion is marginal as about 20%. Whereas in the PAPs the ratio of the males
constitute 52.93% of the PAPs while, females constitute 47.07%. There exists a gap between
the literacy level of females, which is lower than that of the males in the DIZ. A total of
38.54% women, who have had no formal education amongst the PAPs in the project impact
zone, as compared to the number of illiterate men is approximately 21.75%.
Whereas, women in the project affected area mostly work at cultivating the land belonging to
their own families, or in allied activities like animal husbandry and prominently as house
maker. They are not earning either formal or informal way, hence, income generated by them
is not reflected in the survey responses as they are not seen as earning members in their
families. Amongst the number of recorded earning members, majority of them are male, only
about 3-4% women are employed in Govt. / Private Services.
The socio-economic profile of the PAFs reveals that there is a significant gender gap in
literacy, women‟s workforce participation and recognition, and their access to ownership of
the assets. Low awareness level coupled with insignificant roles in financial decision making
at household and community level further restrict the women from accessing the benefits
created by the project equitably. The compensation amount in maximum possibility will be
controlled by men whom they might misuse due to low literacy levels and existing bad habits
like drinking alcohol rather than saving or investing for long-term benefits. In that scenario,
women may have to face the additional burden of running a household on limited income and
resources. It is therefore important to assess the status of the project affected women, and
accordingly devise the management plan.

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11.3.1 Management Plan for Women/Female
As observed during the survey, women in the village are not well educated and majorly are
home-makers except approximately 3-4% in jobs. The potential impact on women of the
proposed project could be the loss of long-term security associated with the fixed assets in the
form of land. The management plan should focus on empowering the project affected
women/female to equip them with financial sustainability. Employment opportunities need to
be provided to them to uplift their present status. However, there needs to be strict vigilance
of safety and security where women will be employed through the project.
The following systematic measures can be taken to ensure that women also become the equal
beneficiary of the management plan:
i. The executing agency should take pro-active initiatives so that women are
properly consulted and invited to participate in group-based activities to gain
access to resources.
ii. The participation of women in economic activities needs to be increased and
promoted.
iii. A systematic and structured plan for imparting required skills to the women of
the PAFs requires to laid out by the concerned government agencies for
enhancing their employability.
Involvement of Women in development process
The participation of women in the project has been envisaged from the project preparation to
the construction phase and to an extent in the operation phase. Also, the following points will
be considered:
 In the project preparation stage, participation of women was made possible during survey
and consultation.
 The executing agency will take pro-active initiatives so that women are properly consulted
and also invited to participate in group-based activities to gain access to the resources.
 Women will also be engaged during the construction phase and also during the operation
phase, keeping their skills in mind.
 Women's participation shall also be ensured for monitoring and evaluation activities.
 The employment opportunities for women shall help in the upliftment of their overall
socio economic condition and provide them a status of security.
 Monitoring of project inputs concerning benefit to women will invite their participation that
will make the process more transparent to them. Women shall be encouraged to evaluate the
project outputs from their point of view and their useful suggestions shall be noted for taking

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necessary actions for further modifications in the project creating better and congenial
situation for increasing participation from women.
Provision of Women in construction camps
 Temporary Housing - Families of laborers/workers shall be provided suitable
accommodation during the construction work at labor camp site. The size of the room shall
be as per the standard (4m2/person). In case of non-availability of standards, a design for the
same will be prepared by the contractor. The design will be duly approved by the
construction supervision consultant. Rooms for such families will be constructed as per the
approved design.
 Health Centre - Health problems of the workers shall be taken care of by providing basic
healthcare' facilities through health centers temporarily set up for the construction camp. The
health center shall have at least a visiting doctor to tackle first-aid requirements or minor
accidental cases, linkage with nearest higher order hospital to refer patients of major illnesses
and critical cases. The health center should have MCW (Mother and Child Welfare) units for
treating mothers and children in the camp. Apart from this, the health center shall provide
with regular vaccinations required for children.
 Day Crèche Facilities - It is expected that among the women workers there will be mothers
with infants and small children at the construction site. Provision of a day crèche may solve
the problems of such women who can leave behind their children in such crèche and work for
the day in the construction activities.
 Scheduling of Construction Works - Owing to the demand of a fast construction work it
is expected that a 24 hours- long work schedule would be in operation. Women shall be
exempted from night shifts. Increased and tightened security will be provided at the site for
mitigating the sexual harassment.
 Education Facilities - The construction workers are mainly mobile groups of people. They
are found to move from one place to another taking along their families with them. Thus
there is a need for educating their children at the place of their work. Day crèche facilities
will be extended with primary educational facilities.
 Measures for Controlling STD and AIDS – Influx of migrant workers usually dominate
the labor force of construction camps which increases the risk of spreading sexually
transmitted diseases. It will be ensured that the stakeholders are made aware of the STD‟s
through awareness campaigns.

11.4 Training Need Assessment

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The Social Impact Management Plan has to strategize for the economic sustenance of the
PAPs. They need to be trained to help them improve their production level to make them
impart new skills or upgrade their existing skills through training. As the PAFs are mostly
dependent on agriculture for their primary livelihood, training is thereby a very important
component for their income restoration. For the PAFs who intend to diversify their economic
activity, suitable various training needs have to be identified to engage them in income
generation according to their preferences. Besides the training programmes aimed to impart
skills, general entrepreneurship development also needs to be assessed and such development
programmes should also be a part of the training program which might aim to improve the
managerial capabilities of PAPs. Also, capacity enhancing assistance needs to be provided to
improve the access of women towards certain skills such as tailoring and weaving, small
good shops, marketing-buying and selling local produce, etc. which can act as a
supplementary source of income for women. Vocational training may also be imparted to the
project affected women and children. These training programmes would be imparted through
the existing government schemes specifically meant for the development and welfare of the
women community and supplementary funds could be relocated from the project towards
facilitating the setting-up of the training-related activities. There are various NGOs and
government schemes that can be contacted and utilized for this purpose, such as,
i. Self-Help Groups,
ii. Support for women and Child Development,
iii. Women empowerment programmes in different villages, etc.
11.5 Livelihood Restoration and Income Generation Strategy via Skill Mapping
The project is expected to provide income generation opportunities by way of skill
development training and linkage with the ongoing government schemes at the Tehsil level.
The executing agency will play a proactive role in mobilizing various government schemes
for the benefits of the PAPs. The executing agency will work with the PAFs and line
department of the Tehsil to deliver the maximum benefits of the training programmes.
A very important aspect of income generation activities involves skill mapping of the PAFs
whose livelihood is directly impacted due to land acquisition. The skill development option
linked to the resource base of the area and availability of the market shall be discussed with
the PAFs to ascertain their preferences in selecting certain skill development training. The
PAFs need be encouraged to participate in developing feasible long-term income-generating
schemes instead of a short-term arrangement. Such schemes will be identified by the
executing agency in consultation with the PAFs, district administration, and other

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stakeholders in institutional financing and marketing federations to prepare a feasible
sustainable proposal for the PAFs.
The UP Bridge Corporation should facilitate the inclusion of the PAFs in the government-
sponsored poverty alleviation programmes in the area as per the eligibility criteria of each
program. The Corporation may also facilitate training for skills development. There should be
a strong emphasis on imparting vocational training to the unskilled youth by collaborating
with the institutions providing vocational training and government schemes such as Skill
Development Mission.
The project should also try to match the existing skills with the requirement of the work
during the construction phase. In the case of non-existent of the required skills for the dire
need of the PAFs to get work, the project should also facilitate on-the-job training with the
consultation of the contractor.
Moreover, during the implementation of the project, skills development training, and job
opportunities could be offered to the PAFs. The PAFs can also be engaged in the allied
agriculture activities such as dairy, poultry, cattle rearing, etc. which will also take care of the
existing livestock of the PAFs. The project should also focus on helping the PAFs in
providing opportunities for quality education with the help of various organizations such as
Satyam Foundations Sarvodaya Educational and Welfare Society, etc., these organizations
will train them to be eligible for long-term employment and will contribute to poverty
alleviation of the PAFs.
The Social Impact Management Plan should thereby ensure a livelihood mapping exercise, to
ascertain the type of skills required in the area of the PAFs for the jobs that would be created.
For the purpose, a comprehensive survey should be conducted to identify the people who
want to participate in livelihood and skill development training and thereby categorizing their
areas of interest to find the suitable and courses and classes. The agency may also identify
suitable training institutes, classes, and organizations in the vicinity of the project affected
area as extended support to the PAFs.

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