EXERCISE # 1

Questions (C) ma cos (D) zero

based on
Work
Sol.[D]
Q.1 A block of mass m is taken from A to B T

under the action of a constant force F. Work a
m
done by this force is–
displacement

O B
90º
Work done by tension
R
 
m F W = T . d = Tdcos= W = 0
B circular arc
Q.3 The displacement x of a body of mass 1kg on
 FR FR
(A) FR (B) FR (C) (D) horizontal smooth surface as a function of
2 2 4
time t is given by x = t4/4. The work done in
Sol.[A]
the first one second is–
O R B
1 1 3 5
(A) J (B) J (C) J (D) J
4 2 4 4
R Sol.[B] Given:
m F
t4
displacement x =
A 4
A block of mass m is taken from A to B dx
velocity = v= t3
under const. force F. dt
  dv
 work done w = F . d acceleration a= = 3t2
   
dt
WAB = F x . R x + F x . R y work done in first one second
= F R cos 0 + FR cos 90 W  1
WAB = FR P=
t 0 
= F. d v

1 1
A pendulum of mass m and length  is
Q.2 = 0 0
madv = 1 ×3t2 × t3 dt
suspended from the ceiling of a trolley which
1
has a constant acceleration a in the horizontal  t6 
= 3  = 1J
direction as shown in figure. Work done by  6  2
the tension is (In the frame of trolley) –  0

Q.4 A body moves a distance of 10m along a

 straight line under the action of a force of
m a 5N. If the work done is 25 J , the angle which
the force makes with the direction of motion
of the body is-
(A) 0° (B) 30° (C) 60° (D) 90°
Sol.[C] F.S cos  = 25 J ; 5.10 cos  = 25
(A) –mg(1 – cos) (B) ma sin
10 cos  = 5 ;  = 60º Ans
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 1
 N
v
Q.5 A greased block P may slide along any of the
three frictionless slopes A, B, or C, to reach
the ground. The work done on the block by
the block’s weight Mg, are WA , WB , and 30º = 
WC for the three slopes respectively. Then-
f
P Mg
1  1 
 wf =  m(0) 2  mgd sin  –  Mv 2  0
2  2 
A B C = – 41 J Ans. (B)

Q.8 A long spring , when stretched by a distance

x, has the potential energy U. On increasing
(A) WA < WB < WC (B) WA > WB > WC the stretching to nx , the potential energy of
(C) WA = WB = WC (D) None of the above the spring will be –
Sol.[C] Work done under the effect of gravitational (A) U/n (B) nU (C) n2U (D) U/n2
force which is a conservation force field, so Sol.[C] x' = nx
work done e not depend on path so 1 2 1
v= kx ; v = kx'
WA = W B = W C 2 2
1 1 
v' = k (nx)2 = n2  kx 2  = n2v ; v' = n2v
Q.6 In a spring , it is found that the spring force F 2 2 
and the extension in the spring x are related
as shown in figure. Then the value of the Q.9 For the potential energy(U) vs position(x)
force constant of the spring is function shown in fig. there will be an
F unstable equilibrium at position
+4
+2
A B C
O 0
30º x U
–2
–4
(A) 3 (B) 3/2
–6
1 1 0 4 8 12
(C) (D)
3 2 x
(A) A (B) B
F 1 (C) C (D) none of the above
Sol.[C] F = –kx; k = ; tan 30º = k =
x 3 Sol.[B] Particle at B is in unstable equilibrium
portion.
Questions
based on
Energy
Q.10 Energy required to accelerate a car from 10 to
20 ms–1 compared with that required to
Q.7 A 5.0 kg block is thrown up a 30° incline accelerate from 0 to 10 ms–1 in the same
with an initial speed v of 6.0 m/s. It is found interval of time covering the same distance, is.
to travel a distance d = 2.0 m up the plane as (A) twice (B) four times
its speed gradually decreases to zero. then the (C) three times (D) same
loss in mechanical energy of the block due to Sol.[C] w = k2 – k1
friction in this process is 1 1
(A) 8 J (B) 41 J (C) 49 J (D) 90 J E1 = m (202 – 102) = m (300) ....(i)
2 2
Sol.[B] Work energy therom 1 1
wNet = K E2 = m(102 – 0) = m (100) ....(ii)
2 2
wf + wg + wN = K From (i) & (ii) E2 = 3E1
wf + 0 = K + U So correct option is (C)
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 2
Q.11 If a simple pendulum of length has the force of gravity when the block reaches the
bottom ?
maximum angular displacement () then the
(A) 2 m 2 (g sin ) 3
maximum KE of its bob of mass m is –
(B) (2/3) m3g2 sin 
(A) (1/2) m (  /g )
(C) (2 / 3)m 2 t 2 gcos 
(B) (1/2) m ( g /  )
(D) (1/3) m3  g2 sin 
(C) mg( 1 – cos )
Sol.[A]
(D) (1/2) mg sin 
m
Sol.[C] Gain in height h = (1 – cos ) 
mgsin
gain in P.E. = less in K.E. mg
v2 = 2g(1 – cos) 
  
1 1 Power P = F . v
K.E. = mv2 = m. 2gl (1 – cos)
2 2 there F = mg sin in direction of
= mgl (1 – cos ) displacement
so correct option (C) v= u 2  2as
v= 0  2g sin x
Q.12 Two springs A and B (kA = 2kB) are stretched
v= 2g sin  x
by applying forces of equal magnitudes at the
 P = F.v cos 
four ends. If the energy stored in A is E, then
= mgsin 2g  sin 
energy that in B is-
(A) E/ 2 (B) 2E (C) E (D) E/4 Ans. P= 2m 2 (g sin ) 3 
Sol.[B] F1 = F2
k1x1 = k2x2 Q.14 A body of mass m is projected at an angle 
k1 x to the horizontal with initial velocity u. The
= 2 ..... (1)
k2 x1 mean power developed by the gravity over
1 the time of flight is–
k1n12 k   x1 
2
(A) mgu sin (B) mgu cos
E1 2
= =  1   
E2 1 x  (C) mg(gt – u) (D) zero
k2x22  k2   2
2 Sol.[D]
E1 k 1
= 2 = u
E2 k1 2
E2 = 2E1 = 2E

So correct option is (B)
Power devloped by gravity vS time
Questions P
based on
Power

Q.13 A block of mass M is allowed to slide down a

O
fixed smooth inclined plane of angleand t
length  .What is the power developed by the
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 3
 So average power over time of flight by (A) 50 m/s , 1.0 m/s2 (B) 1.0 m/s , 50 m/s2
gravity = Total area bounded by P-t curve (C) 5.0 m/s, 10 m/s2 (D) 10 m/s , 5 m/s2
<P> = zero.
Q.15 An object of mass (m) is located on the Sol. F1 = 2000 N; F2 – F1 = 1000 N
horizontal plane at the origin O. The body
1000
acquires horizontal velocity V. The mean a = F/m = = 1 m/s2
power developed by the frictional force 1000
during the whole time of motion is (µ = 501000
v=P/f =
frictional coefficient)– 1000
1 = 50 m/s
(A) µmgV (B) µmgV
2
V 3 Q.18 It is found that the force required to row a
(C) µ mg (D) µmgV
4 2 boat in a river is proportional to the speed of
Sol.[B] the boat. When the speed of the boat is kept
u=0 Velocity = v v km / hr, the power expended by the boat
m m engine is 24 horse power. What shall be the
O P power required, if one wishes to row the boat
at a speed 2v km/hr –
mean power by frictional fource
  (A) 48 hp (B) 96 hp
uv
<P> = f . v ave = µmg.   (C) 144 hp (D) 192 hp
 2 
P' k /t k
µ mgv Sol.[B] = 2 = 2
<P> = P k1 / t k1
2
1
m( 4 v 2 )  0
P' 2 4
Q.16 A 50 kg girl is swinging on a swing from = =
P 1 1
rest. Then the power delivered when she was mv 2  0
moving with a velocity of 2 m/s upwards in a 2
direction making an angle 60º with the P' = 4P = 4 × 24 = 96 hp
vertical is – So correct option (B)
(A) 980 W (B) 490 W
(C) 490W (D) 245 W Q.19 Power applied to a particle varies with time as
Sol.[B] P = [3t2 – 2t + 1] watts. Where t is time in
v seconds. Then the change in kinetic energy of
v cos 60º
60º particle between time t = 2s to t = 4s is –
(A) 46 J (B) 52 J
mg sin 60º
(C) 92 J (D) 104 J
mg Ek
Sol.[A] P = 3t2 – 2t + 1 P= = 3t2 – 2t + 1
P = F.v = Fv cos 180º t
mg . v cos 60º × (–1) K.E. (3t2 – 2t + 1) dt = (t3 – t2 + t)12 = 46 J
1
= 50 × 9.8 × 2 × × – 1 = 490 W
2  True or false type questions
Q.17 A bus of mass 1000 kg has an engine which
produces a constant power of 50 kW. If the Q.20 A body cannot have energy when its
resistance to motion, assumed constant, is 1000 momentum is zero.
N. The maximum speed at which the bus can Sol. False
travel on level road and the acceleration when
it is travelling at 25 m/s , will respectively be-
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 4
 When momentum of a body is zero, then K.E. Q.24 A block of mass M is kept on a massless
is zero but may be potential energy inside the platform which is accelerating upward with a
body. constant acceleration a. During the time
interval T,
a
Q.21 An object of mass m accelerate from rest to a M
velocity vf in time tf. The work done on the
2
1 v  2 (i) the word done by gravity is ................
object upto a time t (t < tf) is m f  t .
2  tf (ii) the work done by normal reaction is .........

(iii) the change in kinetic energy of the block
Sol. True
is ...............
u=0 v = Vf
Sol. M a
m m
(i) Work done by gravity
t = tf
1 2
W = – mgh Here h = at
2
 
W = F.d 1
W= mg aT2
1 2 2
displacement d = ut + at (ii) Work done by normal reaction
2
1 Vf 2   v  u Vf 1
d= t = a .d Here a = = N = M (g + a) W = M (g + a) × aT2
2 tf t tf 2
1
V 1 Vf 2 1 V2 W= M(g + a) aT2
=m f × t ; W= m 2f t2 2
tf 2 tf 2 tf (iii) Change in K.E. of block
1
= mv2 Here v = u  aT
Q.22 Work done by spring force is always 2
negative. 1
k = Ma2 T2 (v = aT)
Sol. False 2
Work done by spring force is not necessary to
be negative. Q.25 A block of mass m is suddenly released from
the top of a spring of stiffness constant k.
Q.23 The coefficient of friction between the tyres (i) the maximum compression in the spring
and road is µ. The stopping distance for a will be ....................
vehicle of mass m moving with a velocity v (ii) at equilibrium, the compression in the
spring will be .....................
along a level road is v2/2µg.
Sol.
Sol. True
u=v u=0

S
m
f = µ mg
retardation a = µg When mass released suddenly
from v2 = u2 + 2as 1
(i) mgx = kx2
0 = v2 – 2µg S 2
v2 2mg
Stopping distance S = So x = (maximum compression)
2 µg k
Ans.
(ii) At equilibrium the compression will be
 Fill in the blanks type questions half of maximum compression.
mg
X= (in equilibrium)Ans.
k
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 5
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 6
 EXERCISE # 2
   
(Only single correct answer type W= f .d = f .v .t
Part-A
questions) = mg sin  × vt ×

Q.1 A 60 cm diameter hand wheel is rotated by sin 

exerting a force of 30 newton at the outer rim. W = mg sin2  × vt
If the wheel is turned through 1/2 revolution, Ans. W = mg sin2  × vt
then the work done is - 
(A) zero (B) 18.0 joule Q.3 An object of mass m = 0.5 kg when attached
(C) 28.3 joule (D) 56.5 joule to a vertical spring and lowered very slowly
Sol.[C] to its equilibrium position stretches the spring
F = 30 N by 10cm. If the same object is attached to the
same vertical spring but permitted to fall
60 cm
instead, then the maximum speed of the mass
will be (take g = 10 m/s2)
 = Fr sin 90º (A) 1m/s (B) 2 m/s

30 1 1
= (30) (1) = 9 N-m (C) m/s (D) m/s
100 2 2
Sol.[A]
W = . = (9) () Joule
= 28.3 J
kx
Q.2 A small block of mass m is kept on a rough
inclined surface of inclination  fixed in an m
elevator. The elevator goes up with a uniform mg
velocity v and the block does not slide on the
When spring lowered very slowly then
wedge. The work done by the force of friction
mg = kx
on the block in time t will be –
(A) zero mg 0.5  10
x = = k = 50
k k
(B) mgvt cos2
When ball permitted to fall instead
(C) mgvt sin2
(D) mgvt sin 2 then
Sol.[C] 1 2 2mg
kx = mgx x= = 20 cm
2 k
(uniform velocity)

Elevator V
x = 2a

mg sin 
amplitude a = 10 cm vmax = a

 k 10 50
= a = × =1
m 100 0 .5
force of friction f = mg sin 
work done by friction force f in time t Q.4 A ball loses 15% of its kinetic energy when it
bounces back from a concrete floor. When it
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 7
 is thrown vertically downward with a speed
v0 from a certain height h, it bounces back to
the same height .Then, if we neglect air
resistance, the speed v0 should be –
(A) zero (B) 3gh / 17
Q.6 A particle falls from rest under gravity. Its
(C) 6gh / 17 (D) None of these
potential energy with respect to ground (PE)
Sol.[C] and its kinetic energy (KE) are plotted against
m
v0
time (t). Choose correct graph-
h PE
PE
v (A) KE (B) KE
from equation of motion
t t
v= v 02  2gh
KE
 According to given condition KE PE
1 85 (C) (D)
m ( v 02 + 2gh) × = mgh PE
2 100
17 t t
( v 02 + 2gh) = gh
40 Sol.[B]
17 v 02 + 34 gh = 40 gh u=0
m
17 v 02 = 6 gh
6gh h
v0 =
17

Q.5 A particle moves from a point U = mgh  Uh

 with decrease of height U decreases
r1  (2m)î  (3m)ˆj to another point
 proportional to h.
r2  (3m)î  (2m) ĵ during which a certain
1 2
 h = ut + gt
force F  (5N )î  (5 N)ˆj acts on it. The work 2
done by the force on the particle during the h  t2  U  t2
displacement is- v=u+gt Here u = 0
(A) 10 J (B) zero v=gt  vt
(C) 5 J (D) none 1 1
 K.E. = mv2 = mg2 t2
Sol.[B] Given : F  (5N )î  (5 N)ˆj ; 2 2
 K.E.  t2
r1  (2m)î  (3m)ˆj ;
PE

r2  (3m)î  (2m) ĵ
  
KE
dr = r2 – r1 = (mî  mĵ)
t
 
W = F . dr ;
= (5î  5 ĵ) . (mî  mĵ) = 5 – 5 = 0 Q.7 A stone is projected at time t = 0, with a
speed V0 and at angle with the horizontal in
uniform gravitational field. The rate of work
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 8
 done (P) by the gravitational force plotted ma 2
P=
against time (t) will be as - 2
P P
Q.9 A constant power P is applied to a car starting
(A) (B) from rest .then if in time t the car travels a
distance x, its kinetic energy will be
O t O t proportional to -
P (A) x1/3 (B) x2/3 (C) x (D) x3/2
P
Sol.[B] P = F.v = mav  a =
(C) (D) mv
P
dv P P
O t O t v   v2dv = ds
ds mv m
Sol.[D] v2
P
 ds =  v ds
V0 2
m
v1

P 1
.s  ( v32  v13 )
 m 3
As, v1 = 0
 
Rate of work done = power = F . V v2 = v
Rate of work done by gravity = – mgdv. P 1
s  v3
up to max. height m 3
From max height to downward = + mgdv.  3P 
v3 =  s
P m
3P
= k = constant
m
t v3 = ks
v = k1/3
Q.8 A constant power P is applied to a car starting m 2 m
v = k2/3 s2/3
from rest. If a is the acceleration of the car at 2 2
time t, then- KE s2/3
(A) a  t (B) a  t
1 1 Q.10 A mass of 1 kg is acted upon by a single force
(C) a  (D) a  
t t
F  (4î  4 ĵ) N. Due to force, mass is
Sol.[D]
displaced from (0, 0) to (1m, 1m). If initially
u=0
the speed of the particle was 2 m/s, its final
Car P = constant
speed should approximately be -
(A) 6 m/s (B) 4.5 m/s
 
P = F. v v = u + at (C) 8 m/s (D) 7.2 m/s
Sol.[B] Given mass m = 1 kg
 
or P = F . d v = at Force F = 4 î + 4 ĵ
t Initially u = 2 m/s
1 1
d = ut + at2 , d = at2
2 2
1
ma. at 2
P= 2
t
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 9
 y
1,1

x A
0,0

ux = 2 cos 45º = 2; uy = 2 sin 45º = 2

v 2x = 2x + 2a; vx = 2  2  4 1 =

10
B M
vy = 2  2  4 1 = 10

 v= v 2x  v 2y = 20 = 4.5 m/s (A) 2M

(B) M
v = 4.5 m/s
(C) M/2
(D) a function of M and the force constant of
Q.11 A block of mass M is hanging over a smooth
and light pulley through a light string. The the spring
other end of the string is pulled by a constant Sol.[C]
force F. If K.E. of the block increases by 20 J
in 1 s, then–
(A) tension in string is Mg
(B) tension in the string is F
(C) work done by the tension on the block is
20 J in 1 s mA
(D) work done by the force of gravity is 20 J
in the above 1 s
Sol.[B]

B M
T When ball is droped suddenly
T
1
then mgx = k x2
F = ma 2
M 2mg
x=
k
Tension in string is F. But for mass M
k  2 mg
Mg = kx =
Q.12 In the figure, the ball A is released from rest k
when the spring is at its natural (unstretched) So miniumum mass m required to lift M is
length. For the block B, of mass M to leave M
contact with the ground at some stage, the  m=
2
minimum mass of A must be –

Q.13 A block hangs freely from the end of a spring.

A boy then slowly pushes the block upwards
so that the spring becomes strain free. The
gain in gravitational potential energy of the
block during this process is equal to–

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 10

 (A) work done by the boy against the Q.15 A bus and a car, moving with the same speed
gravitational force acting on the block are brought to rest by applying the same
(B) loss of energy stored in the spring minus retarding force then
the work done by the tension in the (A) bus will come to rest in a shorter distance
spring (B) car will come to rest in a shorter distance
(C) work done on the block by the boy plus
(C) both will come to rest in the same
the loss of energy stored in the spring
distance
(D) work done on the block by the boy minus
(D) none of the above
the work done by the tension in the
spring Sol.[B] m1 = mass of bus
Sol.[A] m2 = mass of car
k = W = F.S.
1 kx2
2 1
m1v2 = F.S1 ......(i)
2
1
m
m2v2 = F.S2 ......(ii)
mgx 2
1 2 m1 S
kx = mgx = 1 =ms
2 m2 S2
Energy stored in the spring = work done by
the boy So car will be rest is shorter distance

Q.14 If a man increases his speed by 2 m/sec, his Q.16 A uniform chain of length L and mass M is
K.E. is doubled. The original speed of the lying on a smooth table and one-third of its
man is - length is hanging vertically down over the
(A) (2+ 2 ) m/s (B) (2 + 2 2 ) m/s edge of the table. If g is acceleration due to
(C) 4 m/s (D) (1 + 2 ) m/s gravity, the work required to pull the hanging
part on to the table is-
Sol.[B] If initial speed of man v1 = v then initial
(A) MgL (B) MgL / 3
1
K.E. = mv2 when vf = ( v + 2) (C) MgL/9 (D) MgL/18
2
M 
1 1 Sol.[D] Weight of chain of length x =  x g
Then m (v + 2)2 = 2 ( mv2) L 
2 2
(v + 2)2 = 2v2 Small amount of work done in moving dx to
the top
 v2 + 4v + 4 = 2v2  
M 
dW = F . dx = F dx =  x  g dx
 v – 4v – 4 = 0
2
L 

4  16  16
The total amount of work done in moving the
 v= one third length of the hanging chain on the
2
table will be
44 2 L/3 M M L/3
v=
2 W= 0 L
xgdx =
L
g xd x
0 
L/3
Ans. v=2+ 2 2 M x2  MgL
= g   =
L  2  18
0

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 11

Q.17 An elastic string of unstretched length L and a a

force constant K is stretched by a small length

W2 =  (kx̂j) . 
0 0
(k ( yî  aĵ).dyĵ]

x . it is further stretched by another small a

length y . The work done in the second

= ka  dy = – Ka
0
2

stretching is – Y
1
(A) ky2 (a, a)
2
1 = dy ĵ
(B) k(x2 + y2)
2
1 O X
(C) k (x + y)2 (a, 0)
2
1 Hence, W = W1 + W2 = – Ka2
(D) ky (2x + y)
2
1 2 One or more than one correct
Sol.[D] W1 = Us = kx Part-B
2 answer type questions
1
W2 = U s = k(x+y)2 Q.19 The potential energy U in joule of a particle
2
So work done in the second stretching is of mass 1 kg, moving in the XY plane, obeys
the law U = 3x + 4y, where (x, y) are the
1 1
W2 – W1 = k(x+y)2 – kx2 coordinates of the particle in metre. If the
2 2
particle is at rest at (6, 4) at time t = 0, then
1
W = k (2x + y)y (A) the particle has constant acceleration
2
(B) the work done by the external force from

Q.18 A force F = –k ( yi + xj ) (where k is a the position of rest of the particle and the
positive constant ) acts on a particle moving instant of the particle crossing X-axis, is 25
in the xy-plane .Starting from the origin, the joule
particle is taken along the positive x-axis to (C) the speed of the particle when it crosses
the point (a,0), and then parallel to the the Y-axis is 10 m/s
y - axis to the point (a,a) .The total work done
(D) the coordinates of the particle at time

by the force F on the particle is– t = 4s are (–18, –28)
(A) – 2ka2 (B) 2ka2 Sol.[A,B,C,D]
(C) – ka2 (D) ka2 Given mass of particle m = 1 kg
Sol.[C] The expression of work done by the variable U = 3x + 4y
force F on the particle is given by Particle is rest at (6, 4) at time t = 0
  Ux = 3x Uy = 4y
W=  F . d Fx =
dU x
=–3 Fy =
dU y
= –4
In going from (0, 0) to (a, 0) the coordinate of dx dy
x Hence, the work done along the path is : ax = –3; ay = –4
d
W1 =  0
(kx̂j).dx î = 0 [ ĵ.î = 0] a = a 2x  a 2y

In going from (a, 0) to (a, a) the coordinate of = (3) 2  (–4) 2 = 5 m/s2

x remains constant (= a) while that of y
changes from 0 to a. Hence, the work done Force F = – 3 î – 4 ĵ
along this path is
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 12
 y
B C
–18 6, 4

s
A
x
O
t
at t = 45 sec Select the correct alternative(s) :
Along x-axis (A) Work done by the forces during BC is
1 1
x = uxt + ax t2 x=0– × 3 × 16 zero
2 2
x = – 24 (B) Work done by the forces during AB is
 x coordinate x' = – 24 + 6 = – 18 zero
along y-axis (C) Work done by the forces during AB is
1 1 positive
y = uyt + ay t 2 ; y=0– × 4 × 16
2 2 (D)Work done by the forces during OA is
y = – 32 positive (OA is a part of a parabola)
So y-co-ordinate y' = –32 + 45 = – 28
Sol.[A,B,D]
So at t = 4 sec. are (– 18, – 28)
At the time of crossing y-axis
B C
v 2x = u 2x + 2ax × Sx
v 2x = 0 – 2 × 3 × 6 s
A
vx = – 6 m/s vx = u x + a x t
– 6 = 0 – 3t  t = 2 sec. O
From vy = uy + ay t t
vy = 0 – 4 × 2 vy =– 8 m/s Displacement of a forced body
1 2
 v= v 2x  v 2y = 10 m/s X=S= at ; if u = 0
2
At the time of crossing x-axis then S  t2
v 2x = u 2x + 2ay Sy vy = 0 + 2 4 4 = – 4 2 (A), (B), (D) displacement-time graph &
work done by force
vy = uy + ayt v= v 2x  v 2y = 32  18 = 50   1 2
W = F . d = ma × at
– 4 2 = 0 – 4t  t= 2 Sec. 2
So W  t2
vx = ux + ax t  vx = 0 –
3 2 Q.21 A block is suspended by an ideal spring of
1 1 force constant K. If the block is pulled down
 mv2 = × 1 × 50 = 25 J
2 2 by applying a constant force F and if
maximum displacement of block from its
Q.20 The displacement-time graph of a body acted initial position of rest is , then
upon by some forces is shown in figure. F 2F
(A) 
K K
2F
(B)  
K
(C) Work done by force F is equal to F

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 13

 (D) Increase in energy stored in spring Hence P.E. decreases.
1 From x2 to x3 attraction increases or P.E.
is K 2 increases. Hence K.E. decreases x3 to x4 also
2
Sol.[B,C] P.E. increases.
Ans. Hence correct.

Q.23 A horizontal plane supports a plank with a

block placed on it as shown in figure. A light
elastic cord is attached to a fixed point O.
Initially, the cord is unstretched and vertical.
m The plank is slowly shifted to the right until
the block starts sliding over it. It occurs at
1 2F the moment when the cord deviates from
Mg = k2 = F =
2 k vertical by an angle  = 0. work done by the
work done by force = F Ans. force F equals–
O

Q.22 Figure shows net interaction force between

two particles A and B against the distance
Friction F2
between them, when the distance between
Friction F1
them varies from x1 to x4 ? Then
F
Attraction

(A)energy lost against friction F1 plus strain

energy in cord
x1
O (B) work done against total friction acting on
x2 x3 x4
Repulsion

the plank alone

(C) work done against total friction acting on
the plank plus strain energy in cord
(A) potential energy of the system increases (D)work done against total friction acting on
from x1 and x2 the plank plus strain energy in cord minus
(B) potential energy of the system increases work done by friction acting on the block
from x2 and x3 Sol.[A,B,D]
O
(C) potential energy of the system increases
from x3 and x4
(D) kinetic energy increases from x1 to x2 and
Friction
decreases from x2 to x3 Friction F1
Sol.[B,C,D]
F
Attraction

work done by force F

x1
O = energy lost against F1 + strain energy of
x2 x3 x4 chord
Repulsion or = work done against total friction acting on
the plank alone.
From x1 to x2 repulsion decreases or K.E. or = work done against total friction on plank
increases
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 14
 + chord's strain energy – work done by
friction on block. Q.25 Kinetic energy of a particle is continuously
increasing with time. It means-
O (A)resultant force always acts along the
direction of motion
0 (B) its height above the ground level may be
decreasing
(C) resultant force is at an angle less than 90º
f' to the direction of motion
(D) power associated with resultant force is
f F
not equal to zero
Sol.[B,C,D] K.E. increasing with time i.e. velocity is
Q.24 A projectile of mass m is fired from the increasing with time
ground with an initial speed u at an angle 
with the horizontal. Then-
Q.26 The potential energy of a particle of mass
(A) The speed of the projectile at an altitude h
5 kg, moving in the xy plane, is given by
from the ground will be u 2  2gh U = –7x + 24y J, where x and y being in
(B) The speed of the projectile at an altitude h metres. Initially (at t = 0), the particle is at
from the ground will be 2gh the origin and has velocity v = (14.4 î  4.2 ĵ)
(C) The maximum negative work done by m/s. Then-
gravity is (mu2 sin2)/2 (A) the speed of the particle at t = 4s, is
(D) Net work done by force of gravity on the 25 m/s
projectile is zero (B) the acceleration of the particle is 5 m/s2
Sol.[A,C,D] (C) the direction of acceleration of the
particle is perpendicular to its direction of
u
motion, initially
(D) the direction of acceleration of the
 particle is along the direction of motion,
m
initially
At altitude h
Sol.[A,B,C] Given U = – 7x + 24y, mass m = 5 kg
vx = u cos  ...........(1)
at t = 0, particle is at orgin and has
v 2y = u2sin2  – 2 gh ......(2)
velocity
From equation 1 and 2
v =14.4 î + 4.2 ĵ
v= v 2x  v 2y
dU dU
Fx = =7 ; Fy = = – 24
= u 2 cos 2   u 2 sin 2   2gh dx dy

7 24
= u 2  2gh ax = = 1.4 m/s2 ; ay = = – 4.8 m/s2
5 5
maximum negative work done by gravity
ux = 14.4 m/s2 ; uy = 4.2 m/s
  2 2
u sin θ
W = F . d = mg × at t = 4 sec
2g
vx = ux + ax t ; vy = uy + ay t
mu 2 sin 2 θ
W= vx = 14.4 + 1.4 × 4 ; vy = 4.2 – 4.8 × 4
2
vx = 20m/s ; vy = 15 m/s
mu 2 sin 2 θ mu 2 sin 2 θ
Wnet = – + =0
2 2  v = v 2x  v 2y = 20 2  15 2 = 25 m/s
By gravity Wnet = 0

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 15

 v = 25 m/s F sin 45
F
acceleration a= a 2x  a 2y
45
m
F cos 45 f
a = 1.4 2  (4.8) 2 ; a = 5 m/s2
mg

From v = 14.4 î + 4.2 ĵ friction f = µN ( m = 30 kg, µ = 0.20)
F

f = µ (mg + )
a = 1.4 î – 4.2 ĵ 2
F
  F cos 45º = f = µ (mg + )
v . a = 20.16 – 20.16 2
F µF
  = µ mg +
v.a =0 2 2
F F
So initially velocity and acceleration are = 0.2 × 30 × 10 + 0.2 ×
2 2
perpendicular.
F
(1 – 0.2) = 60
2
Q.27 A pump motor is used to deliver water at a
60 2
certain rate from a given pipe. To obtain n F=  F = 75 2
0.8
times water from the same pipe in the same
time Fnet = 0  f = F cos 45
(A)force exerted by the motor should be work done by man during displacement of 10
increased n2 times m
(B) force exerted by the motor should be W = F cos 45 × 10
increased n times 1
(C) power of the motor must be increased n3 = 75 2 × × 10 W = 750 J
2
times
work done by gravity = 0
(D)power of the motor must be increased n2  
times  Fg . d = 0 ( = 90º)
Sol.[A,C] Theoretical work done by all the forces exerted by surface
F  n2 ; p  n3 on the block in 20 meter
  F
Q.28 A man pushes a block of 30 kg along a level W= f .d = µ (mg + ) × 20 cos 180º
2
floor at constant speed with a force directed at
45º below the horizontal. If the coefficient of = 0.2 (300 + 75) × 20 × –1
friction is 0.20, then- W = – 1500 J
(A) net force on the block is zero Hence all options are correct
(B) work done by the man on the block in
pushing it through 10 m is 750 J Q.29 A block of mass 2 kg is hanging over a
(C) work done by the force of gravity is zero smooth and light pulley through a light string.
(D) work done by all the forces exerted by the The other end of the string is pulled by a
surface on the block in 20 metres is –1500 J constant force F = 40 N. The kinetic energy
Sol.[A,B,C,D] of the particle increases 40 J in a given
interval of time. Then- (g = 10 m/s2)
(A) tension in the string is 40 N
(B) displacement of the block in the given
interval of time is 2 m
(C) work done by gravity is –20 J
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 16
 (D) work done by tension is 80 J 1
From mv2  t
Sol.[A,B,D] 2
2t
v2 
m
v t
Now from eqn ...........(1)
1
F
F = 40 N t
M 2 kg
So correct options are (B,D)
T = F = 40 N
Form T – mg = ma Q.31 A particle is acted upon by a force of constant
40 – 20 = 2a ; a = 10 m/s2 magnitude which is always perpendicular to
Given : K.E. = 40 J
the velocity of the particle. The motion of the
1 1
mv2 = × 2 × v2 = 40 particle takes place in a plane. It follows that-
2 2 (A) Its velocity is constant
v = 40 m/s (B) Its acceleration is constant
from v = u + at (C) Its kinetic energy is constant
40 = 0 + 10 t (D) It moves in a circular path
40 1 v
t= = sec. F
10 10 v
Sol.[C,D]
1 2
displacement s = u t + at
2 F
1 4 F v
s=0+ × 10 × ; s=2m
2 10
v
work done by tension
 
W = T.d
W = 40 × 2 = 80 J Part-C Assertion-Reason type questions
Hence correct options are (A, B, D)
The following questions consists of two
Q.30 If the kinetic energy of a body is directly statements each, printed as Assertion and
proportional to time t, the magnitude of the Reason. While answering these questions you
force acting on the body is– are to choose any one of the following four
(A) directly proportional to t responses.
(B) inversely proportional to t (A) If both Assertion and Reason are true and
(C) directly proportional to the speed of the the Reason is correct explanation of the
body Assertion.
(D) inversely proportional to the speed of the (B) If both Assertion and Reason are true but
body Reason is not correct explanation of the
Assertion.
Sol.[B,D] Given
K.E.  t (C) If Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
work W.  t (D) If Assertion is false but Reason is true.
  Q.32 Assertion : Work done by or against force of
or F . d  t
or F  t/d friction in moving a body through any round
1 trip is zero.
or F 
d/t Reason : Kinetic friction is a non-conservative
1
F ........ (1) force.
v

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 17

Sol.[D] Work done by friction in a round trip is not (C) K = 1080 J  (R)
zero. 2  1080
(D) v = = 30 = 5.47 (S)
72
But friction is a non-conservative force.
So correct match is
(A  R; B  P, C  Q, D  S)
Q.33 Assertion : Work done in moving a body over a
smooth inclined plane does not depend upon Q.36 A block of mass m = 1 kg is at rest with respect
slope of inclined plane, provided its height is to a rough wedge as shown in figure.

same. m
Reason : W = mgh = mg sin µ
a
Sol.[A] Work done in moving a body over inclined

plane does not depend on slope
because W = mgh = mg sin
The wedge starts moving up from rest with an

acceleration of a = 2m/s2 and the block remains
Q.34 Assertion : For stable equilibrium Force has
at rest with respect to wedge then in 4 sec. of
to be zero and potential energy should be
motion of wedge work done on block (assume
minimum.
angle of inclination of wedge is  = 30º and
Reason : For equilibrium, it is not necessary g = 10 m/s2) –
that the force is not zero. Column I Column II
Sol.[C] For stable equilibrium force should be zero (A) By gravity (P) 144 J
and potential energy should be minimum. (in magnitude)
(B) By normal reaction (Q) 32 J
Part-D Column matching type questions (C) By friction (R) 160 J
(D) By all the forces (S) 48 J
Q.35 A body of mass 72 kg is lifted by 15 m with Sol. A R; B P; C S; D Q
an acceleration of g/10 by an ideal string. If
work done by tension in string is W1, N
magnitude of work done by gravitational 30º
30º
m fs
force is W2, kinetic energy when it has lifted
is K and speed of mass when it has lifted is v a
then : (data in column is given in SI units) 30º
(g = 10 m/s2) Mg

Column-I Column-II 1
ay = 2m / s2; sy = (2)(4)2 = 16 m
(A) W1 (P) 10800 2
(B) W2 (Q) 1080 (A) Wg = – mgh = – (1) (10) (16)
(C) K (R) 11880 = – 160 J  (R)
(D) v (S) 5.47 (B) fs cos 30º = N sin 30º
Sol. (A) w1 = 2 m (g + g/10)
1
 11   fs cos = N
= 72 × g  g  × 15 = 11880 (R) 3
 10 
(B) W2 = mgh = 10800  (P)
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 18
 1 (B) 20 + (x – 2)2 = 49
WN = K = m [(2) (4)]2 – 0 = 32 J
2 (x – 2)2 = 20
= Wg + WN + Wfs
x = (2 5 + 1) = 7.38  (Q)
= – 160 + (N cos 30º)h + (fs sin 30º)h
(A) Maximum value of x is 3.38 m  (S)
 3  
32 = – 160 + N   (16) +  N   1  (16)
 2   
   3  2

N= 6 3

 3
(B) wN = (6 3 )   (16) = 144 J  (P)
 2 
 

 N  1
(C) wf =     (16) = 48 J  (S)
 3  2

(D) wN = 32 J  (Q)

Q.37 A single conservative force acts on a body

of mass 1 kg that moves along the x-axis.
The potential energy U(x) is given by
U(x) = 20 + (x–2)2 where x is in meters.
At x = 5.0 m the particle has a kinetic energy
of 20 J then –
Column-I Column-II
(A) minimum value (P) 29
of x in meters
(B) maximum value (Q) 7.38
of x in meters
(C) maximum potential (R) 49
energy in joules
(D) maximum kinetic (S) – 3.38
Energy in joules
Sol. U (x) = 20 + (x – 2)2
x = 2 : K = 20 J
dU
F=–
dx
E = K + U; K = 20 j, x = 5 m
E = 20 + 32 = 29 j
(C) E = 20 + 29 = 49 j
Umax = 49 J  (R)
Kmax + Umin = E
(D) Kmax = E – Umin = 49 – 20 = 29 J  (P)
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 19
 EXERCISE # 3
Sol.
Part-A Subjective Type Questions

Q.1 A body of mass m is pushed with the initial k1 k2

F
velocity v0 up an inclined plane set at an
angle  to the horizontal. The friction If springs are stretched by 
coefficient is equal to k. What distance will k1k 2
keq =
the body cover before it stops and what work k1  k 2
do the friction forces perform over this Then work done by force
distance ? 1
W= keq 2
Sol. 2
v=0 1 k1k 2
W= 2 Ans.
m 2 k1  k 2
S
u = V0 Q.3 A block of mass 2.0 kg is pulled up on a
m smooth incline of angle 30º with the
 horizontal. If the block moves with an
a = – g sin  – kg cos  acceleration of 1.0 m/s2, find the power
Here µ = k delivered by the pulling force at a time 4.0 s
u = v0 after the motion starts. What is the average
v=0 power delivered during the 4.0 s after the
From equation of motion
motion starts ?
v2 = u2 + 2as
Sol.
0 = v 02 – 2(g sin  + kg cos ) S
v 02
 S= a = 1 m/s2
2g (sin   k cos  )
work done by friction m
  30º
W = f . S angle between f &S is 180º
at t = 4 sec
v 02 if u=0
= kg m cos  × cos 180
2g (sin   k cos  ) then v = u + at
v=0+1×4
 kmgv 02
W= Ans. v = 4 m/s
2g (tan   k )
m = 2 kg
a = 1 m/s2
Q.2 A system consists of two springs connected in
So power delivered at t = 4 sec
series and having the stiffness coefficient  
k1 and k2. Find the minimum worked to be P = F. v
 
performed in order to stretch this system by = ma r . v
. =2×6×4
= 48 J/s
average power
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 20
     f = ma (equal to pseudo force)
F.d ma t . d
Pave = = mF
t t f =
2(M  m)
268 1 2
= here d= at (c) work done by friction force on small
4 2
block during displacement d
1  
d = × 1 × 16 d = 8 m
2 W= f .d
pave = 24 J/s Ans. m Fd
W= Ans.
2(M  m)
Q.4 A block of mass m is kept over another block Here f & d are along opposite direction
of mass M and the system rests on a so it is negative work.
horizontal surface, (figure). A constant
horizontal force F acting on the lower block Q.5 A small body of mass m is located on a
F horizontal plane at the point O. The body
produces an acceleration in the acquires a horizontal velocity v0. Find:
2( m  M)
(a) the mean power developed by the friction
system, the two blocks always move together.
force during the whole time of motion, if
(a) Find the coefficient of kinetic friction
the friction coefficient k = 0.27, m = 1.0
between the bigger block and the horizontal
kg, and v0 = 1.5 m/s ;
surface. (b) Find the frictional force acting on
(b) the maximum instantaneous power
the smaller block. (c) Find the work done by the
developed by the friction force, if the
force of friction on the smaller block by the
bigger block during a displacement d of the friction coefficient varies as k = x,
system. where  is a constant, and x is the
distance from the point O.
m Sol.
u=0 v = 1.5 m/s
M F
m m
Sol. (a)
m
fk = µk mg
fk m f = 0.27 × 1 × 10
F
fk = 2.7 N
kinetic friction k = 0.27
m = 1 kg
F
Given acceleration a = v0 = 1.5 m/s
2(M  m)
uv
if both move together Vave =
2
then F – fk = (M + m) a
O  v0 v
(M  m)F F Vave = = 0
F – fk = = 2 2
2(M  m) 2
(– ve  f & v are in opposite direction)
F
 fk =
2
(a) <P> by friction
F
 µk =  
2(M  m) <P> = f k . v ave
(b) friction force on smallar block
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 21
 kmg V0 the same object is attached to the same
<P> =
2 vertical spring but permitted to fall instead,
0.27 110  1.5 through what distance does it stretch the
= <P> = – 2 watt
2 spring ?
Sol.
Q.6 A block of mass m is pushed against a spring of
spring constant k fixed at one end to a wall. The
block can slide on a frictionless table as shown
in figure. The natural length of the spring is L0 m
and it is compressed to half its natural length When mass slowly lowered
when the block is released. Find the velocity of mg
mg = kd  d =
the block as a function of its distance x from the k
wall. when suddenly lowered
1 2mg
mgd' = kd'2 d' = =2d
m 2 k
k
v
Q.8 One end of a light spring of natural length d
L0/2 and spring constant K is fixed on a rigid wall
x
and the other is fixed to a smooth ring of
Sol. mass m which can slide without friction in a
A
vertical rod fixed at a distance d from the
m B
wall. Initially the spring makes an angles of
k
v 37º with the horizontal as shown in figure.
When the system is released from rest, find
L0/2
the speed of the ring when the spring
x
becomes horizontal.
Lo
Spring is compressed to [sin 37º = 3/5]
2
A
So from energy conservation Ring
EA = E B
2 
1 L  1 1 h
k  0 = mv2 + K (L0 – x)2
2  2  2 2
L 02 37º
k = mv2 + k (L0 –x)2 O d B
4 rod
L 2 
 0  Sol.
k   (L 0  x ) 2  = mv2
 4  Ring v = 0
A
1
 k  L 2  2  h
v =   0  (L 0  x ) 2  Ans.
 m  4 

37º
Q.7 An object is attached to a vertical spring and O d B
slowly lowered to its equilibrium position. rod
This stretches the spring by an amount d. If

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 22

 From energy conservation mg
Ui =
At point A & B EA = EB 18

1 1 When completely chain slips off from table

kx2 + mgh = mv2
2 2  
m m  x2 
Here x=–d=
5d
– d = d/4
Uf = 
0 
g xdx = g 
  2 
 0
4
mg
3 Uf =
h = d tan 37 = d 2
4
 K.E. = Uf – Ui
1 d2 3 mg d
 k× + = mv2
2 16 2 mg mg
= –
2 18
kd 2 3gd
v =  9mg – mg 4mg
16m 2 K.E. = =
18 9
k 3g
v=d  Ans.
16m 2d Q.10 A body of mass m was slowly hauled up the
hill (fig). by a force F which at each point
was directed along a tangent to the trajectory.
Q.9 A uniform chain of length  and mass m
Find the work performed by this force, if the
overhangs a smooth table with its two third height of the hill is h, the length of its base ,
part lying on the table. Find the kinetic
and the coefficient to friction k.
energy of the chain as it completely slips off
the table. F
Sol.
2/3 h
m
/3
d

Sol
Potential energy of small segment dx
F
dU = dmg x
m
dU = dx g x
 m
h

(Length of chain = , mass of chain = m)


 potential energy of suspended portion (/3)
Due to vertical force
/3 Nv = F × h = mgh
m
U= 0 
g xdx
NH = Fx ×  = µmg
/3
m  x 2   WT = mgh + µmg
= g
  2 
 0
WT = mg (h + k) Ans.

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 23

 mK 2 s
Fn = m.an =
Q.11 A body of mass m is thrown at an angle  to R
the horizontal with initial velocity v0. Find
Since, speed  of particle is increasing,
the mean power imparted by gravity over the
therefore, it is necessarily subjected to a
whole time of motion of body and the
tangential acceleration also.
instantaneous power of gravity as a function
of time. This acceleration,
Sol. d K ds K K2
at = . = . = =
dt 2 s dt 2 s 2
V0 1
 Tangential force, Ft = m.at = mK2
2
 (ii) Since, s is the distance moved by the particle,
ds
P therefore speed  is .
dt
+
t ds
– Hence, = K s
dt
ds
or = Kdt
Pmean over whole time of motion = 0 s

Beacause for half cycle work done by gravity Integrating the above equation,
is negative and for rest of half is positive. So s ds t

total work done by gravity during projectile

 0 s 
= K dt
0

motion on the body is zero. 1 22

2 s = Kt or s = Kt
Hence Pmean = 0 4
1 2
(iii) Speed  = K s = kt
2
Q.12 A vehicle of mass m starts moving along a
horizontal circle of radius R such that its Work done by resultant force is used to
speed varies with distance s covered by the increase kinetic energy of the particle.
vehicle as v = Ks, where K is a constant. Kinetic energy at time t,
Calculate 1 1
E= m2 = mK4t2
(i) tangential and normal force on vehicle as 2 8
function of s, Initial kinetic energy
(ii) distance s in terms of time t and E0 = 0
(iii) work done by the resultant force in first t
 Increase in kinetic energy
seconds after the beginning of motion.
1
Sol. (i) Since, the vehicle is moving along a circle, = E – E0 = mK4t2
8
therefore, it is necessarily subjected to a
centripetal acceleration.
Q.13 Consider the situation shown in figure . The
2 K 2s system is released from rest and the block of
The acceleration an = =
R R
mass 1.0 kg is found to have a speed 0.3 m/s
 Normal force (centripetal force), after it has descended through a distance of 1

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 24

 m. Find the coefficient of kinetic friction position. How high does the block rise ? (g =
between the block and the table. 10 m/s2)
Sol. Conservation mechanical energy
4.0 kg
1 2
kx
1 2
kx = mgh  h = 2
2 mg

1.0 kg Q.15 A ring of mass m = 0.3 kg slides over a

smooth vertical rod. Attached to the ring is a
Sol.
light string passing over a smooth fixed
4.0 kg 2a
pulley at a distance of 0.8 m from the rod as
T
fk m shown in fig. At the other end of the string there
T T is a mass M = 0.5 kg. The ring is held level
a with the pulley and then released. (a)
M 1.0 kg Determine the distance by which the mass m
Mg moves down before coming to rest for the
for m first time (b) How far below the initial
position is the equilibrium point located ?
T – fk = 2 ma
T – µ mg = 2 ma L A
m
T – 40 µ = 8a ......................(1) C
for M
Mg – 2T = Ma ..........................(2) M B
10 – 2T = a
for M , u = 0, S = 1m, v = 0.3 m Sol.
from equation of motion Initially the tension acting on the ring is
horizontal so, the ring will go down by its
v2 = u2 + 2as own weight till its K.E. becomes zero. Now
.09 the ring will stop. Let h be the vertical
.09 = 0 + 2a × 1  a= = .045m/s distance fallen by the ring The mass M will
2
go up by a distance
 from equ. (2) 10 – 2T = .045  L2  h 2  L 
 
10 – .045 = 2T  T  5N  

S – 40 µ = 8 × .045 = .360 Applying the law of conservation of

mechanical energy. we have
4.64 Loss in P.E. of ring = g in P.E. of mass M
µ= = .12  µ = 0.12 Ans.
40
 
mgh = Mg  L2  h 2  L 
 
Q.14 A block of mass 250 g is kept on a vertical solving we get h = 1.5 m
spring of spring constant 100 N/m fixed from (b) Now consider the equilibrium of mass M
below. The spring is now compressed to T = Mg
have a length 10 cm shorter than its natural T cos  = mg
length and the system is released from this m 3
cos  = =
M 5
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 25
 tan  = 4/3
if h be the distance of equlibrium position of 4 1

Energy
the ring below its initial position. then
2
L
= tan  = 4/3 3
h x
Xmax
3L 3 0.8
 h= = = 0.6 m Ans.
4 4
Q.17 During the displacement, which of the curves
shown in the graph best represents the
Q.16 A locomotive of mass m starts moving so that
potential energy of spring-block system ?
its velocity varies according to the law
(A) 1 (B) 2
v = k s where k is constant and s is the (C) 3 (D) 4
distance covered. Find the total work Sol.[B]
performed by all the forces which are acting
on the locomotive during the first t seconds m
after the beginning of motion.
Potential energy of spring-block system
Sol. Velocity of locomotive of mass m
u
velocity v = k 5
U x2
dv 1 ds
acceleration a = =k× ×
dt 2 5 dt
k x
= ×k 5
2 5 1
U= kx2  U  x2
k2 2
acceleration a =
2
Work done by force in the t sec. Q.18 During the displacement, which of the curves
 
W = F.d shown in the graph best represents the kinetic
 1  2 energy of the block ?
=ma . a t
2 (A) 1 (B) 2
k2 1 k2 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
=m × t
2 2 2 1
Sol.[C] K.E. = mv2
m k 4t 2 2
Ans. W=
8 1 1
= m2 (a2 – x2) = k (a2 – x2)
2 2

Part-B Passage based objective questions Q.19 During the displacement, which of the curves
shown in the graph best represents the work
Passage - I (Q. 17 to 21)
done on the spring block system by the
A spring lies along an x axis attached to a wall at
applied force ?
one end and a block at the other end. The block
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
rests on a frictionless surface at x = 0. A force of
Sol.[A]
constant magnitude F is applied to the block that
begins to compress the spring, until the block W
comes to a maximum displacement x max.

x
Work done
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 26
 dW = Fdx  W = Fx Sol.[A] Work required to slide the block (friciton less
) inclined and put it at the top
Q.20 During the first half of the motion, applied W = mg sin × S
force transfers energy- 200 3 .2
= × 10 × × 10
(A) more to the kinetic energy 1000 10
(B) more to the potential energy W = 6.4 J Ans.
(C) equal to both
(D) distribution of which depends upon mass Q.24 What will be the speed of the block when it
of the block reaches the ground if it falls off the incline ?
Sol.[C] During first half applies force transfers (A) 2m/s (B) 4 m/s
energy (C) 8 m/s (D) None of these
half in potential T& Half in kinetic Sol.[C] If the block is dropped then speed of block at
the ground
Q.21 If spring constant k = 100 Nm–1, F = 100 N,
v= 2gh
then displacement at which kinetic energy of
the block is maximum is– = 2  10  3.2
(A) 1m (B) 2m = 8 m/s Ans.
1 1
(C) m (D) m
2 4 Q.25 What will be the speed of the block when it
Sol.[A] F = kx reaches the ground if it slides down the
x = F/k incline ?
x = 1 m Ans. (A) 2 m/s (B) 4 m/s
(C) 8 m/s (D) None of these
Passage - II (Q. 22 to 25) Sol.[C] If the block slides down the incline the speed
“Ramu picks small block of mass 200 g and kept of block
it at the top of a frictionless incline which is 10 m 1
mg sin × S = mv2
long and 3.2 m high. There are two ways of 2
carrying the block up. One directly lifting the v = 2g sin   S
block and placing at the top of the incline and
3.2
other by sliding the block to the top from = 2  10  10
10
bottom.”(Take g = 10 m/s2)
v = 8 m/s Ans.

Q.22 How much work was required to lift the block

Passage # III (Ques. 26 to 28)
from the ground and put it at the top ?
In a conservative force field we can find the radial
(A) 6.4 J (B) 3.2 J
component of force from the potential energy
(C) 1.6 J (D) None of these
Sol.[A] Work required to lift the block dU
function by using F =  . Here a positive
U = W = mgh dr
200 force means repulsion and a negative force means
= × 10 × 3.2
1000 attraction. From the given potential energy
W = 6.4 J Ans. function U (r) we can find the equilibrium
position where force is zero. We can also find the
Q.23 How much work was required to slide the ionisation energy which is the work done to move
block up the incline and put it at the top ? the particle from a certain position to infinity.
(A) 6.4 J (B) 3.2 J
(C) 1.6 J (D) None of these

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 27

 Let us consider a case in which a particle is bound B2 4B 2
(C) (D)
to a certain point at a distance r from the centre of 4A A
the force. The potential energy of the particle is – Sol.[C] at r = 2A/B
A B
U (r) =  ; where r is the distance from the A B B2
r2 r U = – =–
(2A / B) 2 2A / B 4A
centre of the force and A & B are positive
constants. So to move particle from equilibrium to
2
infinity B /4A energy will be required to
Answer the following questions : make total energy zero.

Q.26 The equilibrium distance is given by –

A 2A
(A) (B)
B B
3A B
(C) (D)
B 2A
A B
Sol.[B] Given U(r) = 2
–
r r

F=–
dU
dr
= +   2r A  –  1r 2 B

3

 
2A B
F=– 3
+
r r2

for equilibrium F = 0
2A B
3
=
r r2
2A
 r = Ans.
B

Q.27 The equilibrium is ––

(A) stable
(B) Unstable
(C) neutral
(D) Cannot be predicted
Sol.[A] The equilibrium is stable
Because at equilibrium distance
r = 2A/B , U is negative

Q.28 The work required to move the particle from

equilibrium distance to infinity is –
B 4B
(A) (B)
4A A

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 28

 EXERCISE # 4
 Old IIT-JEE Objective type questions  we have potential energy zero twice (one
dU
Q.1 A wind powered generator converts wind at origin) Also U(x) is max when =0
dx
energy into electrical energy. Assume that the
generator converts a fixed fraction of the
Q.3 An ideal spring with spring-constant k is
wind energy intercepted by its blades into
hung from the ceiling and a block of mass M
electrical energy. For wind speed v, the
is attached to its lower end. The mass is
electrical power out put will be proportional
released with the spring initially unstretched.
to – [IIT-2000]
Then the maximum extension in the spring
(A) v (B) v2
is– [IIT- 2002]
(C) v3 (D) v4
(A) 4 Mg/k (B) 2 Mg/k
Sol.[C] Number of particles striking the blades/time
(B) Mg/k (D) Mg/2k
 velocity of wind
Sol.[B] From Work energy theorem;
K.E. of particle  (Velocity of wind)2
Wg + W s = 0
 Power output  (No. of particles striking /
1 2 2Mg
time) (K.E. of particle)  v3  mgx – kx = 0 Þ x =
2 k
(C) is correct option
Q.4 If W1, W2 and W3 represent the work done in
Q.2 A particle, which is constrained to move
moving a particle from A to B along three
along the x-axis, is subjected to a force in the
different paths 1, 2 and 3 respectively (as
same direction which varies with the distance
shown) in the gravitational field of a point
x of the particle from the origin as F(x) = – kx
mass m, find the correct relation between W1,
+ ax3. Here k and a are positive constants. For
W2 and W3. [IIT -2003]
x > 0, the functional form of the potential
m B
energy U (x) of the particle is – [IIT - 2002]
U(x) U(x)
I 2
3

(A) x (B) x A
(A) W1 > W2 > W3 (B) W1 = W2 = W3
(C) W1 < W2 < W3 (D) W2 > W1 > W3
U(x) U(x)
Sol.[C] In a conservation field work done does not
depend on the path.  W1 = W2 = W3
(C) x (D) x
Q.5 A block (B) is attached to two unstretched
Sol.[A] dU(x) = – Fdx spring S1 and S2 with spring constants k and
x kx 2 ax 4 4k, respectively (see figure I). The other ends
 Ux = 
0
Fdx =
2
–
4 are attached to identical supports M1 and M2
2k not attached to the walls. The springs and
U = 0 at x = 0 and at x = ;
a supports have negligible mass. There is no
friction anywhere. The block B is displaced
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 29
 towards wall 1 by a small distance x (figure Sol.[C]
II) and released. The block returns and moves F

a maximum distance y towards wall 2. 4N

Displacements x and y are measured with

respect to the equilibrium position of the 4.5
t (sec)
O 3
y
block B. The ratio is – [IIT-2008] –2N
x
4
Figure m= 
3
M1 1 I
2 M2 S2 S1 
At t = 4.5 sec F = – 2N
x 1  1 
M2 M1 1 II Total Impulse I =   3  4 –   2  1.5
2 S2 S1 2  2 
 = 6 – 1.5 = 4.5 SI unit
y Impulse = change in momentum
(A) 4 (B) 2 4.5 = 2[v – 0]
1 1 4.5
(C) (D) v= = 2.25 m/sec
2 4 2
Sol.[C] using energy conservation 1
K.E. = × 2 × (2.25)2 = 5.06 J
1 1 2
k(x2) = 4k(y2)
2 2
1 Numerical response Qs.(Single digit)
(y/x)2 =
4 Q.7 A block of mass 0.18 kg is attached to a
y/x = 1/2 spring of force-constant 2 N/m. The
coefficient of friction between the block and
Q.6 A block of mass 2 kg is free to move along the floor is 0.1. Initially the block is at rest
the x-axis. It is at rest and from t = 0 onwards and the spring is un-stretched. An impulse is
it is subjected to a time dependent force F(t) given to the block as shown in the figure.
in the x direction. The force F(t) varies with t The block slides a distance of 0.06 m and
as shown in the figure. The kinetic energy of comes to rest for the first time. The initial
the block after 4.5 seconds is - [IIT -2010] velocity of the block in m/s is
F(t) V = N/10. Then N is- [IIT-2011]
4N

4.5s
t
O 3s
Sol.[4]
(A) 4.50 J (B) 7.50 J
(C) 5.06 J (D) 14.06 J k = 2N/m
m = 0.18 kg
 = 0.1
Using W – E theorem
1 1
× m(u)2 = K (x)2 + mg (x)
2 2

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 30

1 1
× (0.18) u2 = × 2 × 36 × 10–4 + 0.1 ×
2 2
0.18 × 10 × 0.06
 u = 0.4 m/sec.
4
 m/sec.
10

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 31

 EXERCISE # 5 (ARCHIVES)
1 1
 Old IIT-JEE Subjective type questions Mgh = MV2 + mv2 + mgh'
2 2
Q.1 A string with one end fixed on a rigid wall,
1 1
passing over a fixed frictionless pulley at a = MV2 + mv2 + mgh'
2 2
distance of 2m from the wall, has a point
mass M = 2kg attached to it at a distance of 1 1 4V 2
 19.6 × × 2 × V2 + 0.5 × + 0.5 ×
1m from the wall. A mass m = 0.5 kg 2 2 5
attached at the free end is held at rest so that
9.8 ( 5  1)
the string is horizontal between the wall and
the pulley and vertical beyond the pulley.
What will be the speed with which the mass Q.2 A massless platform is kept on a light elastic
M will hit the wall when the mass m is spring, as shown in fig. When a sand particle
released ? [IIT- 1985] of 0.1 kg mass is dropped on the pan from a
height of 0.24 m, the particle strikes the pan,
and the spring compresses by 0.01 m. From
what height should the particle be dropped to
m cause a compression of 0.04 m ? IIT - 1990]
0.1 kg

m
Sol. When mass m is released, since M > m, the
mass M will move on a dotted path with O as
the centre. There will be decrease in the
potential energy of M which will be Sol. From conservation of energy
converted into kinetic energy of M, m and
1
increases in potential energy of m. mg (h + x) = kx2
2
Decrease in P.E. of M = Mgh
1
= 2 × 9.8 × 1 = 19.6 J 0.1 × 10 (0.24 × 0.01) = k × .01 × .01
2
1 0.25 × 2 = k × 10–4
K.E. of M = MV2 (Let V be the velocity
2
k = 0.5 × 104
attained by M just before striking the wall)
k = 5 × 103
1
K.E. of m = mv2 Now to compress spring by 0.04 m. Suppose
2
mass is dropped from height h' then
From the figure, by velocity constant
1
 = V cos  mg (h' + x) = kx'2
2
2 2V
cos  = = 1
5 5 0.1 × 10(h' + 0.04) = × 5 × 103 × 0.04 ×
2
(OC + CA) – OA = height attained by m 0.04
1+ 2 2  12 – 2 = height attained by m 1
h' + .04 = × 5 × 103 × 16 × 10–4
2
1+ 2 2  12  2 = height attained by m h' + .04 = 4.0  h' = 3.96 m Ans.
= 5 –1
By the principle of energy conservation

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 32

Q.3 A disc of mass 50 gm slides with the zero 75 1.5 1.732
=–
initial velocity down an inclined plane set at 1000  4  3.77
an angle of 30° to the horizontal .Having
= – 0.0129
transverse the distance of 50 cm along the
horizontal plane the disc stops. Find the work W1 = – 0.013 J
performed by the friction forces over the work done by friction on horizontal
whole distance, assuming the friction constant
to be 0.15 for both inclined and horizontal W2 = – µmg d
planes . 0.15 50 50
=–   10 
Sol. 100 1000 100
µgcos
15  25 3.75
m =– =–
100  1000 100
gsin
W2 = – 0.375 J

30  WT = W1 + W2 = – 0.13 + (– 0.375)
µ = 0.15 for all surfaces Ans. WT = – .0505
acceleration of a body on inclined plane
a = gsin – µgcos Q.4 A body of mass m is hauled from the Earth’s
1 3
surface by applying a force F varying with the
= 10 × – 0.15 × 10 ×  
2 2 height of ascent y as F = 2 (ay – 1) mg ,
= 5 – 1.23 = 3.77 m/s2 where a is a positive constant. Find the work
retardation on horizontal surface performed by this force and the increment of
the body’s potential energy in the
a' = µg = 0.15 × 10
gravitational field of the Earth over the first
a = – 1.5 m/s2 half of the ascent.
body covers 50 cm on horizontal. Sol. Given F = (ay – 1) mg where a = constant
 v2 = u2 + 2as m = mass of particle F = 2 (ay – 1) mg
50
0 = u2 – 2 × 1.5 ×
100
u2 = 1.5  u

= 1.5 m/s2
At height y from earth surface small work
Now for inclined plane done to displace slightly by dy
v2 = u2 + 2as dW = Fdy dW = 2(ay – 1) mg dy
1.5 = 0 + 2 × 3.77 × S h

1.5
WF = 0 2(ay – 1)mg dy
S= m
2  3.77 h

work done by friction on inclined surface

or W1 = 0 2mg(1 – ay) dy
W1 = µ mg d cos Here  = 30º 
ah  2 
WF = 2mg  h  – mgh + 2mgh – amgh2
 2 
0.15 50 1.5 3 
=–   10  
100 1000 2  3.77 2 =0 h = 1/a

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 33

  h ah 2  1
WF = 2 mg    = 2mg  1  1  (i) K.E. of block B = mv2
2 8   2a 8a  2

from law of conservation of energy
3mg
WF = Ans. 1 1 1
4a we have mgx = k (L)2 + mv2 + mv2
2 2 2

Q.5 Figure shows two blocks A and B, each k

v2 = gx – (L)2 .................(1)
having a mass of 320 g connected by a light 2m
string passing over a smooth light pulley. The Now consider equilibrium of block A at A'
horizontal surface on which the block A can we have R + F cos  = mg ...................(2)
slide is smooth. The block. A is attached to a for a spring F = kL and for breaking off R =
spring of spring constant 40 N/m whose other 0
end is fixed to a support 40 cm above the O + KL cos  = mg .....................(3)
horizontal surface. Initially, the spring is From the geometry of the problem
vertical and unstretched when the system is L  1 
we have L = –L=L   1
released to move. Find the velocity of the cos   cos  
substituting in equation (3) we get
block A at the instant it breaks off the surface
 1 
below it. Take g = 10 m/s2. kL   1 cos  = mg
 cos  
k L (1 – cos ) = mg
0.32  10
1 – cos  = mg/kL cos  = 1 – =
40  0.40
A m 4
5
m
5 
and L = 0.4  1 = 0.1
4 
Sol.  0.3 
Now x = L tan  = 0.4 ×   = 0.3 m
 0 .4 
L + L substituting these values in equation (1) we

L R get
A A  2
40  (0.1) 
V2 = 10 × 0.3 – 
 2  0.32 
 
B V = 1.54 m/s Ans.
mg
B'
Q.6 A small ball rests at the bottom of a watch
Let after travelling a distance x, i.e. at glass of radius R. It is displaced through a
position A'. The block A start losing contact small distance x from this position and
with the surface below it. Now block B shifts released. Calculate the total distance covered
before it comes to the bottom and rests there.
to position B' such that BB' = AA' = x
Coefficient of friction between watch glass
Therefore B loses potential energy = mgx surface and the ball is µ.
(i) Elastic potential energy of the spring
1
= k (L)2 (streched by L)
2
1
(ii) K.E. of block A = mv2
2
WORK, POWER & ENERGY 34
 C

O
Sol.
Gravitation potential energy of particle
= work done by friction
mg (R – cos ) = µ mg cos  × S
R(1 – cos ) = µS cos
R (1  cos )
S=
µ cos 
by solving above equation, we get
x2
S=
2µR

From R (1 – cos ) = µS
 
2R sin2 = µS if sin = /2
2 2

2 x2
2R . = µS  S= Ans
4 2µR

WORK, POWER & ENERGY 35