1. I always take my lucky _________with me into an exam.

A. sign B. item C. charm D. spell

2. I didn’t know my guess was going to be right – It was just __________
A. pot luck B. odds C. draw D. gamble
3. Why are all your clothes in a __________on the floor?
A. bulk B. heap C. batch D. sum
4. Sending out e-mails that people haven’t asked for to ______addresses is often known.
A. sufficient B. countless C. widespread D. multiple
5. We all have to follow the rules, and none of us is ________ the law.
A. beyond B. over C. above D. onto
6. We are pleased to inform you that we have decided to _________your request for British
citizenship.
A. give B. grant C. permit D. donate
7. We can only _______ as to the causes of the disaster.
A. think B. consider C. speculate D. ponder
8. I didn’t _________out to be a millionaire – I just wanted to run a successful business.
A. set B. go C. begin D. watch
9. I’m not sure if I’m doing it right, but I’ll try to ___________ahead with it anyway.
A. drive B. bang C. touch D. press
10. Could you lend me some money to _____________ me over to the end of the month?
A. hand B. tide C. get D. make
Part 2

Line

1 The ability to deceive other is thought by some psychologists to be a character

2 that has been genetically selected through human evolution. Comparisons have
been made with animal deception, such as camouflage and mimicry. For
3
hundreds of generations, it is arguing, the ability to make others believe insincere
4 remarks and promises has conferred advantages in struggles to control resources
5 and win mating partners. The less cunning have , quite simply, produced fewer
offspring, and a talent for creating false impressions has dominated the human
6
gene pool.
7

1
8 What the merits or shortcomings of this line of thinking, they are undoubtedly

9 many occasions in everyday social encounters when people , for the reason or
another , want to avoid expressing their true feelings. The ability to do these
10
varies and success tends to breed success. Those which lie effectively will tend
11 to lie more often, perfecting their social skills in the process.Those who fail are
12 deterred from future attempts and get less practice. With lying, as with
everything else, practice makes perfect.
13

14

15

Part 3.
1. I had a row with Elizabeth and it just cancelled ________ all the effort I’d put into getting her
to like me.
2. These carrots have shriveled ___________a bit so I think I’ll throw them out.
3. The President’s just been elected to a second term ________office.
4. The media start prying ____________your private life when you run for public office.
5. He may seem tough and ruthless, but _________ heart he’s a kind and gentle man.
Part 4.

Your answers:

The __1__ (say) “never judge a book by its cover” could not be 1. .......................................
more true for Ridiculous Rules by Marjorie Allen. The cover is .....
completely blank, whereas the book is crammed full of wonderful 2. .......................................
examples and anecdotes. Allen is an __2__ (speak) critic of what .....
is taught to native and non-native speakers of English, and has
issued a __3__ (declare) of war against textbooks and style books 3. .......................................
which tell lies. .....
Take the ridiculous and __4__ (mean) rule of never ending 4.........................................
a sentence with a preposition. The lovely - if famous – story goes, ....
that Winston Churchill, well-known for his numerous __5__ 5.........................................
(write) as well as for being British Prime Minister during the ....
Second World War, received a manuscript back from an ignorant
__6__ (edit), who had told him rather rudely that he had to __7__ 6. .......................................
(phrase) a sentence which ended with a preposition. Churchill .....
responded by making the simple yet forceful __8__ (state) in the 7. .......................................

2
 margin: “This is an impertinence up with which I will not put.” – .....
the __9__ (imply) being that not to end a sentence with a 8. .......................................
preposition often sounds ridiculous in English, Sadly, Allen .....
informs us that the story is probably mere __10__ (hear), and that
Churchill may have actually only written “rubbish!” in the margin. 9. .......................................
.....
10. .....................................
.......

PART III: READING (60 pts.)

Part 1.
THE TRADE IN RHINO HORN

Last year thieves broke into a Scottish castle and stole only one thing: a rhino horn, which
at 1.5 metres was the longest in the world. In China pharmaceutical factories have been building
up collections of antiques made from rhino horn, for the sole (1)………of smashing them to
powder to make the essential ingredient of many of their medicines. And in Africa poachers
continue to die in the (2)………..for the black rhino.
Recently, conservations met to (3)……… a campaign to persuade countries where rhino horn is
(4)……… part of the traditional medicine to (5)………. to substitutes. The biggest threat to the
survival of the rhinoceros is the (6)……….. of certain countries to enforce a ban on domestic (7)
…… in rhino horn.
The rhino horn is included in many (8)……….. for disorders ranging from fevers to nosebleeds.
Horn, like fingernails, is made of keratin and has no proven medicinal (9)………… Traditional
substitutes, such as horn from buffalo or antelope, are regarded as second best.
The battle is thought to be winnable. But it may be harder than the battle against the trade in ivory,
for there is a (10)………between the two commodities. Ivory is a luxury; rhino horn, people
believe, could save the life of their child.

1. A. reason B. intention C. need D. purpose

2. A. chance B. search C. fight D. race
3.A. design B. plan C. programme D. form
4.A. hardly B. even C. nearly D. still
5.A. vary B. switch C. modify D. adjust
6. A. rejection B. denial C. refusal D. protest
7. A. business B. commerce C. selling D. trading
8. A. recipes B. aids C. remedies D. doses
9. A. capacity B. values C. control D. powers
10.A. variation B. difference C. gap D. comparison
Part 2 WRONGED BY HOW YOU WRITE

3
The handwriting of school children could spell the difference between success and failure in
examinations according to research carried out by the Open University.
In a study (0)……. Dennis Briggs of the Faculty of Educational Studies, it was found that essays
which were written (1)………… different styles of handwriting attracted different marks. ‘The
findings suggest that there is a borderline zone within examination marking where (2)……..an
essay is written may be almost as important as what the essay is about,’ said Mr.Briggs. Five
essays were double marked (3)……..the second marker unaware of the marks of the first marker.
The essay scripts for the second marker had been copied out in three writing styles. Two of the
styles were ones which had been the subject of continual criticism at school.
(4)………the markers were practising teachers who (5)……….told that the effectiveness of
double marking was being checked. the results showed that a 12-year old who can present an essay
one way will do better, perhaps much better, (6)………a friend who presents the (7)
………..standard in terms of content but who (8)……..not or cannot make it look so attractive.
The conclusion is that school children may not do as (9)………as perhaps they could (10)……..
their handwriting is untidy.
Part 3.
There is one kind of pain for which nobody has yet found a cure—the pain that comes from the
ending of a relationship. The relationship could be a marriage, a love affair, or a deep friendship,
in fact, any strong emotional tie between two people. Such a relationship may come to an abrupt
but premeditated end: or it may simply fade away slowly as people and circumstances change.
You may be the one to “break it off” , with a short note or a brief phone call. Or you may be on
the receiving end, like the soldier who dreads getting a “Dear john” letter from a girlfriend who
has got tired of waiting. But however it ended and whoever decided to end it, the pain is equally
hard to bear. It is a sort of death, and it requires the same period of mourning, the same time for
grief.
Although there is no cure for grief, we cannot help looking for one, to ease the pain and to make
us forget our tears. We seek refuge in other relationships, we keep ourselves busy with work, we
try to immerse ourselves in our hobbies. Perhaps we start to drink more than we should to “drown
our sorrows,” or we follow the conventional advice and join a club or society. But these things
only relieve the symptoms of the illness; they cannot cure it. Moreover, we are always in a hurry
to get rid of our grief. It is as if we were ashamed of it. We feel that we should be able to “pull
ourselves together.” We try to convince ourselves, as we bite on the pillow, that we are much too
old to be crying. Some people bury their grief deep inside themselves, so that nobody will guess
what hey are going through. Others seek relief by pouring their hearts out to their friends, or to
anyone else who can offer a sympathetic shoulder to cry on. But after a while, even our friends
start to show their impatience, and suggest with their reproachful glances that it is about time we
stopped crying. They, too, are in a hurry for the thing to be over.
It is not easy to explain why we adopt this attitude to emotional pain, when we would never
expect anyone to overcome physical pain simply by an effort of will power. Part of the answer
must lie in the nature of grief itself. When the love affair dies, you cannot believe that you will
ever find another person to replace the one who has gone so completely out of your life. Even
after many, many months, when you think that you have begun to learn to live without your lost
love, something—a familiar place, a piece of music, a whiff of perfume — will suddenly bring
the bitter-sweet memories flooding back. You choke back the tears and desperate, almost angry,
feeling that you are no better now than the day the affair ended.

4
 And yet, grief is like an illness that must run its course. Memories do fade eventually, a healing
skin does start to grow over the wound, the intervals between sudden glimpses of the love you
have lost do get longer. Bit by bit, life resumes its normal flow. Such is the complexity of human
nature that we can even start to feel guilty as these things start to happen, as if it were an insult to
our lost love that we can begin to forget at all.
The important thing to admit about grief, then, is that it will take its time. By trying to convince
ourselves that it ought to be over sooner, we create an additional tension which can only make
things worse. People who have gone through the agony of a broken relationship and there are few
who have not -agree that time is the "GREAT HEALER". How much time is needed will vary
from person to person, but psychiatrist have “a rule of thumb”: grief will last as long as the
original relationship lasted .The sad thing is that ,when the breakdown occurs ,we can only
stumble forward over the stones beneath out feet. It is dark ahead, and you will feel painfully
many times before we begin to see the light as the end of the tunnel.
1. Relationships often come to an end because……………
A. the feeling of the people was not very deep.
B. people do not realize the pain they can cause.
C. people do not always stay the same.
D. very few people really know how to love.
2. One way to get over the broken relationship is to …………
A. write a “Dear john” letter.
B. form new relationships
C. make a brief phone call
D. try to forget the other person.
3. If you seek advice on what to do about a broken relationship, you will probably be told to
………..
A. pull yourself together (use your will power)
B. keep busy at work
C. find someone else
D. join a club
4. Often we are ashamed when we cry because …………..
A. we think it is a childish thing to do.
B. we do not expect our unhappiness to last so long.
C. we are worried about what others will think of us
D. only children and babies cry.
5. You tell your friends about your unhappiness because…………
A. you hope it will make you feel better
B. you want them to hear the story from you
5
C. you feel sure that they have had similar experiences
D. you want them to feel sorry for you
6. When your friends get tired of listening to you they will ………….
A. tell you to pull yourself together
B. try to avoid your company
C. show by their expressions that they have had enough
D. help you to get over your grief
7. We are upset by reminders of our lost love because they come so……………
A. rarely.
B. rapidly.
C. unexpectedly.
D. occasionally.
8. Memories continue to upset you, and this makes you feel that…………
A. will never get over your grief
B. have no will power
C. are utterly alone
D. have made no progress at all
9. If we try to recover too quickly from grief we shall make ourselves………
A. nervous
B. tense
C. ill
D. unpopular
10. Psychiatrists tell you that grief will last as long as the original relationship. This calculation
is ……………..
A. the result of scientific research
B. no more than a hopeful guess
C. generally true but with many exceptions
D. based on a deep understanding of human nature
Part 4.
JARGON
A
Jargon is a loaded word. One dictionary defined it, neatly and neutrally, as ‘the technical
vocabulary or idiom of a special activity or group’, but this sense is almost completely
overshadowed by another: ‘obscure and often pretentious language marked by a roundabout way

6
of expression and use of long words’. For most people, it is this second sense which is at the front
of their minds when they think about jargon. Jargon is said to be a bad use of language,
something to be avoided at all costs. No one ever describes it in positive terms (‘that was a
delightful piece of rousing jargon’). Nor does one usually admit to using it oneself: the myth is
that jargon is something only other people employ.
B
The reality, however, is that everyone uses jargon. It is an essential part of the network of
occupations and pursuits that make up society. All jobs present an element of jargon, which
workers learn as they develop their expertise. All hobbies require mastery of jargon. Each society
grouping has its jargon. The phenomenon turns out to be universal - and valuable. It is the jargon
element which, in a job, can promote economy and precision of expression, and thus help make
life easier for the workers. It is also the chief linguistic element which shows professional
awareness (‘know-how’) and social togetherness (‘shoptalk’).
C
When we have learned to command it, jargon is something we readily take pleasure in,
whether the subject area is motorcycles, knitting, cricket, baseball or computers. It can add pace,
variety and humour to speech - as when, with an important event approaching, we might slip into
NASA-speak, and talk about countdown, all systems go, and lift-off. We enjoy the mutual
showing-off which stems from a fluent use of terminology, and we enjoy the in-jokes which
shared linguistic experience permits. Moreover, we are jealous of this knowledge. We are quick
to demean anyone who tries to be part of our group without being prepared to take on its jargon.
D
If jargon is so essential a part of our lives, why then has it had such a bad press? The most
important reason stems from the way jargon can exclude as well as include. We may not be too
concerned if we find ourselves faced with an impenetrable wall of jargon when the subject matter
has little perceived relevance to our everyday lives, as in the case of hydrology, say, or linguistics.
But when the subject matter is one where we feel implicated, and think we have a right to know,
and the speaker uses words which make it hard for us to understand, then we start to complain;
and if we suspect that the obfuscation is deliberate policy, we unreservedly condemn, labeling it
gobbledegook and calling down public derision upon it.
E
No area is exempt, but the fields of advertising, politics and defence have been especially
criticized in recent years by the various campaigns for Plain English. In these domains, the extent
to which people are prepared to use jargon to hide realities is a ready source of amusement,
disbelief and horror. A lie is a lie, which can be only temporarily hidden by calling it an
‘inoperative statement’ or ‘an instance of plausible deniability’. Nor can a nuclear plant explosion
be suppressed for long behind such phrases as ‘energetic disassembly’, ‘abnormal evolution’ or
‘plant transient’.
F
While condemning unnecessary or obscuring jargon in others, we should not forget to look out
for it in ourselves. It is so easy to ‘slip into’ jargon, without realizing that our own listeners/
readers do not understand. It is also tempting easy to slip some jargon into our expression, to
ensure that others do not understand. And it is just as easy to begin using jargon which we
7
ourselves do not understand. The motivation to do such apparently perverse things is not difficult
to grasp. People like to be ‘in’, to be part of an intellectual or technical elite; and the use of
jargon, whether understood or not, is a badge of membership. Jargon, also, can provide a lazy
way into a group or an easy way of hiding uncertainties and inadequacies: when terminology slips
plausibly from the tongue, it is not essential for the brain to keep up. Indeed some people have
developed this skill to professional levels. And certainly, faced with a telling or awkward
question, and the need to say something acceptable in public, slipping into jargon becomes a
simple way out, and can soon become a bad habit.
Questions 1-5
The Reading has six paragraphs, A-F. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from
the list of headings below.

LIST OF HEADINGS

i The benefits of simple language

ii A necessary tool

iii A lasting way of concealing disasters

iv The worst offenders

v A deceptively attractive option

vi Differing interpretations

vii Publicising new words

viii Feeling shut out

ix Playing with words

1. Paragraph A ……………
2. Paragraph B ……………
Paragraph C …… ix ……
3. Paragraph D ……………
4. Paragraph E ……………
5. Paragraph F ……………
Questions 6-10
Complete the summary using the list of words A-H below.
THE UP-SIDE OF JARGON

8
 A know-how B possessiveness C shop-talk D efficiency

E pleasure F command G humour H feeling

Jargon plays a useful part in many aspects of life including leisure. For example, when people
take up pastimes, they need to develop a good (6)……………………… of the relevant jargon.
During discussion of these or other areas of interest, conversation can become more exciting and
an element of (7)……………………… can be introduced by the use of shared jargon.
Jargon is particularly helpful in the workplace. It leads to more (8)……………………… in
the way colleagues communicate during work hours. Taking part in (9)………………………
during moments of relaxation can also help them to bond better.
It is interesting that members of a group, whether social or professional, often demonstrate a
certain (10)……………………… towards the particular linguistic characteristics of their subject
area and tend to regard new people who do not wish to learn the jargon with contempt.

Part 5:)
Beating Stress
A.
School student Ester Montoya knows she has to improve her marks in her main subjects. She’s
trying hard but it’s not easy and sometimes she feels she’s doing too much work. ‘I have to get
away from it now and then,’ she says, ‘so recently I’ve joined a local youth theatre group. It really
helps because it takes my mind off everything, it’s a kind of escape from reality. Also I’m
meeting other people of my own age and I’m hoping to make some friends there. Apart from that
I suppose there’s TV, but there’s not a lot on. I’ve read that laughing can be very relaxing, but
I’m afraid none of the comedy series they’re showing right now is worth watching. Something
I’ve been meaning to try, though, is work helping others, perhaps old people. A friend of mine
does it, and she says it really makes a difference – both to them and to her.’
B.
For seventeen-year-old Steve Ellison, life if particularly busy right now. He’s revising for some
important exams but he still manages to find time for his favourite free-time activities, which
include long-distance running. ‘It’s funny,’ he says, ‘I only took to it recently when I found it
helped me wind down, because at school I never looked forward to those cross-country runs we
had to do every Monday morning. Yet nowadays I run a lot at weekends, and I do some voluntary
work with local kids at the sports centre.’ As well as doing plenty of exercise, he also tries to

9
maintain a healthy diet. ‘I’ve told myself I must always eat a variety of healthy food, with lots of
fruit and green vegetables, though if I’m out with my mates I may give in to temptation and have
a burger and chips. I never drink coffee, though, because it makes you talk and act nervously, and
it keeps you awake at night, too, which is bad for your stress level.’
C.
First-year university student Amelie Lefevre believes that the best way to beat stress is to
organize your life more sensibly. ‘My life used to be pretty chaotic, there always seemed to be so
much to do, often jobs that other people should have been doing. So what I eventually learned to
do was to say no, politely, to extra work. That helped, as did making a list of priorities for each
day, with some things scheduled for today, others for tomorrow and some that could be postponed
for longer. I also make rules for myself about meal times, and the amount of sleep I need. There
was a time when I was staying up until all hours, but I was exhausted the next day so I don’t do
that any more. I think I manage my time quite well now, but nobody’s perfect and occasionally I
still oversleep and turn up late for lectures!’
D.
Student Ndali Traore likes to get up early so he has a relaxed start to the day. ‘I hate leaving jobs
till the last minute, and I always try to do those I like least first,’ he says. ‘These days I always
listen to music while I’m working,’ he adds, ‘whereas a couple of years ago I found it annoying –
it always seemed to spoil my concentration.’ When he has some free time, he goes to the cinema,
or out with friends. ‘If something’s bothering me,’ he says, ‘I often find that just talking to them
about it helps. Particularly, if you can make a joke about it, because it always seems a lot less
serious when you do that.’ If he’s on his own, he has a special way of dealing with stress: ‘I try to
relive occasions when I was really relaxed, such as spending the day by a beautiful lake in the
sunshine. That often works,’ he says.
Which person
1. regularly does a job without getting paid?
2. no longer agrees to do things they don’t want to do?
3. tries to see the funny side of things that are worrying them?
4. accepts that they sometimes make mistakes?
5. prefers to do unpleasant jobs as soon as possible?
6. is not doing as well in their studies as they would like?
7. likes to tell friends about their problems?

10
8. sometimes breaks their own rules about eating when they are not alone?
9. finds that acting makes them feel better?
10. likes to think back to times when they felt less stressed?
PART IV: WRITING ( 60 pts)
Part 1: (5 pts)
1.Russ’s opinions on the new management policies were very different from those of his fellow
workers. (ODDS)
Russ………………………………………………………………………..……….............. the new
management policies
2. Tom’s presence at parties adds to everyone’s enjoyment. (SOUL).
Tom………………………………………………………………… parties.
3. His colleague will do anything to avoid confrontation. (LENGTHS)
His colleague ………………………………………………………to avoid confrontation.
4. Whatever the methods used to obtain the result, drugs were definitely not involved.
-> There was no question .........................................................................................................
5. Those terrapins which survive their first year may live to be twenty.
-> Should.................................................................................................................................

Part 1.
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5. C
6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D. 10.B

Part 2
Line Mistake Correction
Eg 1 other others
1. 2 character characteristic
2. 4 arguing argued
3. 10 they there
4. 11 the a
5. 12 these this

Part 3.
1.OUT 2. UP 3. OFF/IN 4. INTO 5. AT

Part 4.

1. Saying 2. outspoken 3. Declaration 4. Meaningless

5. Writings 6. Editor 7. Rephrase 8. Statement
11
 9. Implication 10. Hearsay

PART III: READING (60 pts.)

Part 1
1. D 2. B 3.B 4.D 5.B
6.C 7.D 8.C 9.D 10.B

Part 2:
1. in 2. how 3. with 4. all 5. were
6. than 7. same 8. does/will 9. well 10. if/when

Part 3:
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.A
6.C 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.C

Part 4:
1. vi 2. ii 3. viii 4. iv 5. v
6. command 7. humour 8. efficiency 9. shop-talk
10. possessiveness
Part 5:
1. B 2. C 3.D 4.C 5.B
6.A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.D
PART IV: WRITING ( 60 pts)
1. Russ was at odds with his fellow workers over/ concerning the new
2 Tom is (always) the life and soul of parties
3. His colleague will go to any lengths to avoid confrontation
4 There was no question of drugs being involved, whatever the methods used to obtain the result
5.Should terrapins survive their first year, they may live to be twenty

12