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    TUTORIAL Energy Balances

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    siti azila
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    TUTORIAL Energy Balances

    Uploaded by

    siti azila
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    Not mine. Just use it as references

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    50 views17 pages

    TUTORIAL Energy Balances

    Uploaded by

    siti azila
    Not mine. Just use it as references

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    TUTORIAL: Energy Balances

    2.0 Fundamental Laws of Dynamic Mathematical Models


    CLO9 Recall the Energy Balance (EB) used for chemical processes
    CLO10 Identify the application of energy balance on the design of chemical unit operation
    and processes
    CLO11 Develop Energy Equations for selected chemical processes.
    CLO12 Apply energy balance to microscopic system
    CLO13 Apply product rules to simplify developed equations
    EXAMPLE 1 (FROM TUTORIAL WEEK 1)
    Stream 1 and 2 are being mixed in a well stirred tank (Figure 1), producing a mixture of
    the component at stream 3. Each of the feed streams is composed of two components, A
    and B with different molar concentrations (mol/m3 ) of CA1 , CB1 , and CA2 . CB2 respectively.
    F1 and F2 ate the volumetric rates of the two streams (m3 / min) while T1 and T2 are their
    corresponding temperatures. The C A3 , CB3 , F3 are the concentrations, flow rate and
    temperature for the stream 3. In order to reach a desired temperature, T3 , a heating coil is
    immersed in the liquid tank. Derive an energy balance of the system from the first
    principle of energy balance.
    SOLUTION:

    Write general
    equation of EB

    State all the


    assumptions
    EXAMPLE 2
    SOLUTION:
    Write general equation of EB
    State all in full sentence
    assumptions:

    Substitute Q=UA(Ta-T)
    SOLUTION:
    After 105oC
    steady state
    condition

    at start up:
    25oC –
    105oC
    (non-
    isothermal)
    EXAMPLE 3
    Liquid at temperature To flowing into a well mixed tank at a volumetric flowrate, Fo is
    heated by steam flowing through the steam coil arrangement at Q (energy/time). The
    heated fluid is withdrawn at the same volumetric rate as the inlet stream at
    temperature T. By using the standard notation for tank volume, V; liquid density, ρ;
    specific heat, Cp;and latent heat of vaporization of steam,λ;

    Fo
    To

    Q
    V, ρ, T

    F,T
    EXAMPLE 3
    (a) Develop a mathematical model for the mass flow of the system. Comment on the
    model that you have derived.
    (b) Derive a mathematical model for the energy flow of the system. State all your
    assumptions.
    SOLUTION 3(a):
    General TCEEquation:

    {time rate of change


    of mass inside the system} = {mass flow into the system} – { mass flow out of the system}
    𝑑(𝜌𝑉)
    = 𝜌𝑜𝐹𝑂 − 𝜌𝐹
    𝑑𝑡
    Liquid system is well mixed, hence,ρ is constant.
    𝑑𝑉
    ρ = 𝜌𝐹𝑂 − 𝜌𝐹
    𝑑𝑡
    𝑑𝑉
    = 𝐹𝑂 − 𝐹
    𝑑𝑡
    Thus, the question informed that the heated fluid is withdrawn at the same volumetric rate as the inletstream.
    Therefore;
    𝐹𝑂 = 𝐹
    𝑑𝑉
    =0
    𝑑𝑡
    → 𝐹𝑂 = 𝐹
    SOLUTION 3(b):
    General energy equation: (Full sentence)
    Assumptions:
    1. Simplified form of enthalpy and internal energy, U = h,h = CpT
    2. Tank is well mixed, ρ is constant.
    3. KE and PE = 0.
    4. All the heat given up by the steam is received by the liquid content of the
    tank.
    5. Heat losses to the atmosphere are negligible.
    𝑑(𝜌𝑉𝑈)
    = 𝜌𝑜𝐹𝑜𝑈𝑜 − 𝜌𝐹𝑈 + 𝑄
    𝑑𝑡
    Substitute U = h,
    𝑑(𝜌𝑉ℎ)
    = 𝜌𝑜𝐹𝑜ℎ𝑜 − 𝜌𝐹ℎ + 𝑄
    𝑑𝑡
    SOLUTION 3(b):
    Substitute h = CpT
    𝑑(𝜌𝑉𝐶𝑝𝑇)
    = 𝜌𝑜𝐹𝑜𝐶𝑝𝑜𝑇𝑜 − 𝜌𝐹𝐶𝑝𝑇 + 𝑄
    𝑑𝑡
    Since 𝜌, Cp and V are constant;

    Therefore ; ρ𝐶𝑝 𝑉 𝑑𝑇 = 𝜌𝐹𝐶 𝑝(𝑇𝑜 − 𝑇) + 𝑄


    𝑑
    EXAMPLE 4 (MICROSCOPIC SYSTEM)

    Question:
    SOLUTION 4:
    Write EB general equation

    State all the assumptions


    SOLUTION 4:
    Write all expressions in EB general equation

    1.

    2.

    3.
    SOLUTION 4:
    Write all expression in EB general equation

    4.

    4(i)

    4(ii)

    4(iii)
    SOLUTION 4:
    Rearrange all expressions and simplified

    A & dz are constant values, simplified the equation


    SOLUTION 4:
    Substitute theA;A is cross sectional area

    Substitute the qz; qz is Fourier’s thermalconductivity

    final answer

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