Nidec Motor Corporation: Features
Nidec Motor Corporation: Features
Nidec Motor Corporation: Features
Nidec trademarks followed by the ® symbol are registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
EFFECTIVE:
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15-APR-19 WORLD MOTOR CORRODUTY 08-1015
SUPERSEDES: FRAME: 213T, 215T SHEET:
30-JAN-17 BASIC TYPE: TC 1 OF 1
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UNITS T U V W AA AB AC AF BA BS EV ES SQ KEY
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IN 2.03 1.3750 3.12 .38 9.56 7.38 2.63 3.50 3.50 .75 2.41 .312
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MM 52 34.925 79 10 243 187 67 89 89 19 61 7.92
FRAME UNITS 2F
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IN 5.50
213T
MM 140
IN 7.00
215T
MM 179
IHP_DP_NMCA (MAR-2011) SOLIDEDGE
08-1015/A ISSUED BY
R. LOPEZ
INFORMATION DISCLOSED ON THIS DOCUMENT APPROVED BY
Nidec Motor Corporation IS CONSIDERED PROPRIETARY AND SHALL NOT BE
R. TIMMERMANN
REPRODUCED OR DISCLOSED WITHOUT WRITTEN
St. Louis, Missouri CONSENT OF NIDEC MOTOR CORPORATION
CATALOG NUMBER: CD10P1E NAMEPLATE PART #: 422697-007
MODEL GE26 FR 215T TYPE TCE ENCL TEFC-IP55
SHAFT 6208-J/C3 - QTY 1 OPP 6206-J/C3 - QTY 1
END BRG END BRG
PH 3 MAX 40 C ID#
AMB
INSUL F Asm. F1 DUTY CONT
CLASS Pos.
Nidec trademarks followed by the ® symbol are registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
A109145
T1
T9 T4
T6 T7
T3 T2
T8 T5
Delta Connection
Lo - Volts Hi - Volts
9 4 7 9 4 7
5 8 6 5 8 6
3 2 1 3 2 1
Line Line
Each lead may have one or more cables comprising that lead.
In such case each cable will be marked with the appropriate lead number.
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) • VFD dv/dt - winding end turn differential in voltage
versus differential in time
A VFD is a type of controller used to vary the speed of an electric motor.
The VFD takes a fixed AC voltage and frequency and allows it to be • High temperatures or high humidity
adjusted in order to get different speeds from the motor. Motor speed • Grouding system
can be varied by changing the frequency of the input power waveform.
The equation below shows how the frequency affects the speed of a Wider speed ranges, higher voltages, higher switching frequencies,
three phase induction motor. insufficient grounding and increased cable lengths all add to the severity
of the application and, therefore, the potential for premature motor
failure.
120* Fundamental Input Frequency
Speed =
Number of Motor Poles How does a VFD affect the motor?
There are many things to consider when a motor is powered using a
How does a VFD work? VFD or PWM power. When a motor is powered by a PWM waveform
A VFD takes the fixed frequency and voltage sine wave from the power the motor windings very often see a large differential voltage, either from
grid or power station and puts it through a few steps in order to allow phase to phase or turn to turn. When the voltage differential becomes
the VFD user to vary the frequency and in turn control the motor speed. large enough it creates a reaction at the molecular level that converts
First it rectifies the AC power into DC Power. Because of this step, a available oxygen into O3. This phenomenon is called partial discharge or
term commonly used instead of VFD is inverter. This only describes one corona. This reaction creates energy in the form of light and heat. This
step of what the VFD does to the power waveform. Once rectified into energy has a corrosive effect on the varnish used to protect the motor
a DC voltage the drive sends the power through a set of transistors or windings. PWM waveforms can also magnify shaft voltages which lead
switches. These switches can take the DC waveform and by opening to arcing across the bearing and causing premature bearing failure.
and closing at certain speeds and durations can create an output Corrective action must be taken to mitigate these issues that arise when
waveform that mimics the sine wave that is required to drive a three using an electric motor with a VFD.
phase electric motor. The output wave form is known as a Pulse Width
Modulation (PWM) waveform because the waveform is created by How do I protect the motor?
multiple pulses of the switches at short intervals.
Nidec Motor Corporation (NMC) has developed specific motor designs
to decrease the harmful affects that a VFD can have on a motor.
PULSE WIDTH MODULATION WAVEFORM NMC’s INVERTER GRADE® insulation system is the first line of
defense against corona and phase to phase faults that can be common
when a motor is powered using a PWM waveform. The INVERTER
Line GRADE® insulation system is standard on all of NMC’s Inverter Duty
to
Neutral
products. Along with the INVERTER GRADE® insulation, thermostats
Voltage are installed as a minimum protection against over heating the motor.
Special consideration must also be given to bearings in motors powered
by VFD’s. In order to create a low resistance path to ground for built
up shaft voltages a shaft grounding device can be used. On larger
horsepower motors an insulated bearing system should be used in
Line
conjunction with the shaft grounding device when installed, to force the
Current stray shaft voltages to ground. The bearing failures are more prominent
on motors with thrust handling bearings. NMC has created an Inverter
Duty vertical motor line that not only uses the INVERTER GRADE®
Figure 1 PWM Waveform insulation system, but that also comes standard with a shaft grounding
device. On motors that are 100 HP and greater the thrust bearing is also
What variables should be considered when insulated for additional protection.
deciding whether to power a motor with a VFD?
What does "Inverter Duty" mean?
VFD compatibility with motors is complex. As a result, many variables
must be considered when determining the suitability of a particular motor An Inverter Duty motor should describe a motor that helps mitigate
for use with a VFD. These variables include: potential failure modes of a motor that is powered by a VFD. Inverter
duty motor windings should be able to withstand the voltage spikes per
• Torque requirements (Constant or Variable) NEMA MG1 Part 31.4.4.2 and protect against overheating when the
• Speed Range motor is run at slow speeds. On thrust handling bearings it is apparent
that the bearings require additional protection. Inverter Duty vertical
• Line / System Voltage motors should have a shaft grounding device to protect the motor
• Cable length between the VFD and the motor bearings from fluting due to voltage discharge through the bearing. On
• Drive switching (carrier) frequency larger motors (100HP and larger) the shaft should also be electrically
• Motor construction isolated from the frame in order to aid the shaft grounding ring in
discharging the shaft voltages to ground.
*This information applies only to Integral Horsepower (IHP) motors as defined on the Agency Approval page, under UL®† & CSA®† listings where indicated.
vii www.usmotors.com
Motor / Inverter
Compatibility
Single phase motors and other fractional horsepower ratings are not designed to be Grounding and Cable Installation Guidelines
operated on a VFD. Within Nidec Motor Corporation standard products, all motors NEMA®† Proper output winding and grounding practices can be instrumental in minimizing motor
48 frame (5.5” diameter) and smaller are not suitable for VFD applications. Three phase related failures caused by PWM waveform characteristics and installation factors. VFD
56 and 143/145 frame applications should be noted on the catalog price page; or if in manufacturers typically provide detailed guidelines on the proper grounding of the motor
doubt ask a Nidec Motor Corporation technical representative for recommendations on to the VFD and output cable routing. Cabling manufacturers provide recommended cable
compatibility with a VFD. types for PWM installations and critical information concerning output wiring impedance
and capacitance to ground.
Slow Speed Motors
Motors with a base design of slower than six poles require special consideration regarding Integrated Motor and Inverter
VFD sizing and minimizing harmonic distortion created at the motor terminals due to By integrating the motor and inverter at NMC’s manufacturing facility, many of the motor
cable installation characteristics. Additional external PWM waveform filters and shielded compatibility problems are minimized or eliminated. During the manufacturing process, the
motor cables designed for PWM power may be required to provide acceptable motor life. motor is matched to the inverter characteristics which ensures the winding temperature
Harmonic distortion on the output waveform should be kept to a minimum level (less than and torque levels meet the design specification. Since the inverter output wiring to the
10%) mismatch impedance. motor is nearly eliminated, bearing currents are rarely experienced. When the unit is
properly grounded, reducing the output cable lengths in conjunction with an inverter grade
690V Applications insulation system and low factory setting of the switching frequency of the inverter drive,
Motors that are rated for 690VAC and that will be powered by 690VAC PWM VFDs require results in low risk of voltage peaks produced by the PWM waveform.
the use of an external filter to limit peak voltage spikes and the use of an INVERTER
GRADE® motor. Where available, an alternative to using an output filter is to upgrade to a Vertical Motors on VFDs
2300V insulation system. Vertical motors operated on VFD power present unique conditions that may require
consideration by the user or installation engineer:
Low Voltage TITAN® Motors
• Locked rotor and drive tripping caused by non-reversing-ratchet operation at
When using 449 frame and larger motors on PWM type VFDs consider the use of an
low motor speeds. It is not recommended to operate motors at less than 1/4 of
external filter and shielded motor cables designed for PWM power to minimize harmonic
synchronous speed. If slow speeds are required contact NMC engineering.
distortion and peak voltages at the motor terminals. Harmonic distortion on the output
waveform should be kept to a minimum level (less than 10%). • Unexpected / unacceptable system vibration and or noise levels caused by the
torque pulsation characteristics of the PWM waveform, a system critical frequency
Bearing Currents Related to PWM Waveforms falling inside the variable speed range of the process or the added harmonic content
of the PWM waveform exciting a system component
Protection of the motor bearings from shaft currents caused by common mode voltages
is becoming a standard feature on Inverter Duty motor products. Some installations may • Application related problems related to the controlled acceleration/deceleration and
be prone to a voltage discharge condition through the motor bearings called Electrical torque of the motor on VFD power and the building of system pressure/ load.
Discharge Machining (EDM) or fluting. Vertical HOLLOSHAFT and HOSTILE DUTY World • The impact the reduction of pump speed has on the down thrust reflected to the
Motor come with grounding devices installed as standard. EDM damage is related to pump motor and any minimum thrust requirements of the motor bearings
characteristics of the PWM waveform, and the VFD programming, and installations factors. • Water hammer during shutdown damaging the non-reversing ratchet
Bearing Protection on Inverter Duty Vertical Motors Humidity and Non-operational Conditions
All U.S. MOTORS® brand “Inverter Duty” vertical products have a shaft grounding system The possible build-up of condensation inside the motor due to storage in an uncontrolled
that allows damaging shaft currents a low resistance path to ground. Bearings on vertical environment or non-operational periods in an installation, can lead to an increased rate of
motors fed by VFD power without this bearing protection are not covered under any premature winding or bearing failures when combined with the stresses associated with
warranty. All other bearing failure is covered per NMC’s standard warranty. An electric PWM waveform characteristics. Moisture and condensation in and on the motor winding
motor repair shop approved to service U.S. MOTORS® brand motors must verify that the over time can provide tracking paths to ground, lower the resistance of the motor winding
cause of the bearing failure was not due to EDM damage. to ground, and lower the Corona Inception Voltage (CIV) level of the winding.
Guideline For Insulated Anti-Friction Bearings Proper storage and maintenance guidelines are important to minimize the potential of
Bearing insulation is required to prevent circulating shaft currents which can damage premature failures. Space heaters or trickle voltage heating methods are the common
bearings. Circulating shaft current can be caused by use of improper power and/or methods for drying out a winding that has low resistance readings. Damage caused by
ground cables, improper grounding systems and higher switching frequencies. Finding these factors are not covered by the limited warranty provided for the motor unless
and correcting the external condition(s) is the responsibility of the system designer appropriate heating methods are properly utilized during non-operational periods
or specifying engineer. To prevent circulating shaft current in motors with anti-friction and prior to motor start-up.
bearings, Nidec Motor Corporation’s standard practice is to insulate the non-drive end
bearing. NEMA®† Application Guide for AC Adjustable Speed Drive Systems: http://www.
nema.org/stds/acadjustable.cfm#download
Adjustable Speed Drives produce a common mode voltage condition. To interrupt common
mode voltage on induction motors of all sizes, NEMA MG1-2018 Part 31 recommends
insulating both bearings. In cases where both anti-friction bearings are insulated, the
system designer or specifying engineer should determine whether to apply one or more
of the following options to prevent or reduce shaft currents: sinewave filters, line reactors
or mechanical devices, such as shaft grounding or an insulated half coupling. Motors
with shaft grounding devices are not suitable for installation in hazardous locations unless
housed in an enclosure suitable for the specified Division (or Zone), Class and Group(s).
* This information applies only to Integral Horsepower (IHP) motors as defined on the Agency Approval page, under UL®† & CSA®† listings where indicated.
www.usmotors.com viii
Warranty Guidelines for Integral Horsepower
(IHP)* Motors on Variable Frequency Drives
Warranty Guidelines • On TITAN® frame motors, inquiry required for suitability on constant
The information in the following section refers to the motor and drive torque loads.
application guidelines and limitations for warranty. Cable distances are for reference only and can be further limited by
hot and humid environments (refer to Table 1). Refer to specific VFD
The products within this catalog labeled “Inverter Duty” or “Vector Duty” Warranty Period Clarifications and Exceptions
are considered INVERTER GRADE® insulated motors. INVERTER
GRADE® motors exceed the NEMA®† MG-1 Part 31 standard. Standard Energy Efficient Exclusion
Nidec Motor Corporation provides a three-year limited warranty on all Applying Standard & Energy Efficient Motors on Variable Frequency Drives
NEMA®† frame INVERTER GRADE® insulated motors and allows long is not recommended. VFD related failures on standard and energy efficient
cable runs between the motor and the VFD (limited to 400 feet without motors will not be covered under warranty.
output filters). Cable distance can be further limited by hot and humid
environments and VFD manufacturers cable limits. These motors may be Vertical Motor Windings
appropriate for certain severe inverter applications or when the factors Premium efficient vertical motors without INVERTER GRADE® insulation
relating to the end use application are undefined (such as spares). that are installed using the criteria described in this document and applied in
the correct applications shall have a warranty while powered by a VFD for
12 months from date of installation or 18 months from date of manufacturing
Nidec Motor Corporation’s U.S. Motors® brand is available in the following whichever comes first. See limited warranty page for horizontal motor
INVERTER GRADE® insulated motors: warranty periods.
• Inverter Duty NEMA®† frame motors good for 20:1 Variable Torque
Bearing Exclusion for Thrust Handling Bearings
& 5:1 Constant Torque, including Vertical Type RUSI (10:1 V.T.) Bearings used in premium efficienct vertical motors, and all thrust handling
• Inverter Duty motors rated for 20:1 Constant Torque bearings, that are powered by VFDs without shaft grounding devices or
insulated bearings (when required) will not be covered under any warranty
• ACCU-Torq® and Vector Duty Motors with full torque to 0 Speed or for damages caused from being powered by a VFD. All other bearing failure
5000:1 is covered per NMC’s standard warranty. An electric motor repair shop
approved to service U.S. MOTORS® brand motors must verify that the cause
• 841 Plus® NEMA®† Frame Motors
of the bearing failure was not due to Electrical Discharge Machining.
Applying Premium Efficient motors (that do not have INVERTER Medium Voltage and Slow Speed Considerations
GRADE® insulation) on Variable Frequency Drives (2, 4, 6 pole) Motors that are rated above 700 VAC or that are eight pole and slower
Premium efficient motors without INVERTER GRADE insulation meet require special consideration and installation and are not covered under the
minimum NEMA®† MG-1, Section IV, Part 31.4.4.2. These motors can be warranty guidelines in this document. Motors that are rated above 700VAC
used with Variable Frequency Drives (with a reduced warranty period) have special cable length and voltage differential issues that are specific
under the following parameters: to the VFD type and manufacture. The motor construction and cost may
vary dramatically depending on the VFD topology and construction. Contact
• On NEMA®† frame 447 and smaller motors, 20:1 speed rating on your NMC representative with VFD manufacturer name and model type for
variable torque loads & 4:1 speed range on constant torque loads. application and motor construction considerations. Motors that are designed
eight pole and slower also require special installation and filters per the drive
• On TITAN® 449 and larger frame motors, 10:1 speed rating on
manufacturer.
variable torque loads.
* This information applies only to Integral Horsepower (IHP) motors as defined on the Agency Approval page, under UL®† & CSA®† listings where indicated.
ix www.usmotors.com