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Revision Guide: HL & SL (Higher & Standard Level) End of Term-2

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Revision Guide: HL & SL (Higher & Standard Level) End of Term-2

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Psychology EOY RG

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Revision Guide: HL & SL (Higher & Standard Level) End of Term-2

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Jahnavi Goyal

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REVISION GUIDE

HL & SL (Higher & Standard Level)


End of Term- 2

BIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO BEHAVIOUR

1. Research Method in using the (biological approach to understanding human behaviour, brain and behaviour,
hormones and pheromones, genetics and behaviour)
2. Ethical consideration relevant to studying biological approach to understanding human behaviour, the brain
and behaviour, hormones or pheromones and behaviour, genetics and behaviour.

BRAIN & BEHAVIOUR:-

1. Technique used to study the brain in relation to behaviour.


2. Localization of function.
3. Neuroplasticity.
4. Effect of neurotransmission in human behaviour.(2 NEUROTRANSMITTERS)
5. Formation of neural networks (ONLY SAQ)
6. Role of one agonist, making use of one study. (ONLY SAQ)
7. Role of one antagonist, making use of one study. (ONLY SAQ)
8. Neural pruning, making use of one study.( (ONLY SAQ)
9. Neural Networking , making use of one study. (ONLY SAQ)
10. Explain how excitatory or inhibitory synapses play a role in one behaviour (SAQ)

Hormones, Pheromones and behaviour

1. Role of hormone in human behaviour.(2 HORMONES)


2. Role of pheromones in human behaviour.

Genes and behaviour

1. Role of  gene in human behaviour.


2. Evolutionary explanation of human behaviour.
3. Twin studies and/or kinship studies using one study.(SAQ ONLY)
4. Discuss the role of one or more genes in one behaviour.
5. Evaluate one or more studies on the role of genes on behaviour.

Animal research (HL only)

Extension questions may only be asked as ERQs, never as SAQs.


1. Value of animal models in research to provide insight into human behaviour, brain and behaviour, into the
role of hormones and/or pheromones and behaviour, into the role of genes on behaviour
2. Ethical considerations in animal research on the brain and behaviour, hormones and/or pheromones and
behaviour, role of genes on behaviour.

3. Application of animal research in human studies .

COGNITIVE APPROACH TO BEHAVIOUR


General
1. Ethics in Cognitive processes (Models of memory, schema theory and thinking and decision making)
2. Research methodology used in Cognitive processes (Models of memory, schema theory and thinking
and decision making)
3. Ethics in reliability of cognitive process [Memory; Decision making (Biases)]
4. Research methodology used in reliability of cognitive [Memory; Decision making (Biases)]
5. Ethics in study of emotion and cognition
6. Research methodology used in study of emotion and cognition

Concepts:
1. Schema theory
2. Models of memory: Multi-store memory model; Working memory model
3. Thinking and Decision making: Dual Processing model; Theory of Reasoned action and planned
behaviour
4. Reliability of cognitive process: Memory (Theory of reconstructive nature of memory)
5. Reliability of cognitive process: Decision making (Biases)
6. Emotion and cognition: Flashbulb memory

DIGITALISATION (HL only)

1. Extension questions may only be asked as ERQs


2. Influence of digital technology on one or more cognitive processes.
3. Positive and/or negative effects of modern technology on cognitive processes.
4. Methods used to study the interaction between digital technology and cognitive processes.
5. Role of digital technology on emotion and cognition.

SOCIOCULTURAL APPROACH TO BEHAVIOUR

General

1. Ethical considerations related to research studies in the sociocultural approach to

studying behaviour.

2. Research methods used in the sociocultural approach.

3. Evaluation of research methods used to study groups and culture.


Concepts:

Individuals and groups

1. Social Identity Theory- processes of social categorization, social identification, social comparison and
positive distinctiveness

2. Social Cognitive Learning Theory

3. Stereotypes - origins and effects

Culture, behaviour, and cognition

1. Cultural dimensions

2. Effect of culture on cognition (effect of culture on memory)

3. Enculturation

4. Acculturation

Globalisation (HL only)

1. How globalization may influence behaviour.


2. Effect of the interaction of global and local cultural influences on behaviour.
3. Discuss methods used to study the influence of globalization on behaviour.

Research methodology and Ethical considerations (Content that must be learnt and applied to the above-
mentioned topics):
1. Quantitative Research: Experiments
2. Qualitative Research: Case studies, Observations
3. Experiments:
a. True experiment – Laboratory experiment & Field experiment
b. Quasi experiment
c. Natural experiment
4. Sampling in experiment
5. Sample
6. Target population
7. Representativeness
8. Independent variable
9. Dependent Variable
10. Confounding variable
11. Control variables
12. Counter-balancing
13. Participant characteristics
14. Demand characteristics
15. Sampling Techniques in Quantitative research:
a. Random Sampling
b. Stratified Sampling
c. Convenience /Opportunity sampling
d. Self-selected sampling
16. Experimental designs: Independent measures design, Repeated measures design and matched pair
design
17. Credibility and Generalizability on experiments:
a. Construct Validity
b. Internal Validity
c. External Validity /Generalizability: Ecological Validity & Population Validity
18. Ethical considerations in conducting the study:
a. Informed consent
b. Protection from harm
c. Anonymity and confidentiality
d. Withdrawal from participation
e. Deception
f. Debriefing
g. Cost-benefit analysis in ambiguous cases

PAPER PATTERN
STANDARD LEVEL
PAPER 1
Max Marks: 40 Time: 1hr 45 mins
SECTION A (All questions compulsory)
Question 1) SAQ – Cognitive Approach
Question 2) SAQ- Sociocultural Approach

SECTION B (Answer only one question)


Question 1) ERQ – Biological Approach ( HL EXTENSION ONLY FOR HL STUDENTS )
Question 2) ERQ- Cognitive Approach ( HL EXTENSION ONLY FOR HL STUDENTS )
Question 3)ERQ –Socio-cultural Approach(HL EXTENSION ONLY FOR HL STUDENTS )
HIGHER LEVEL
PAPER 1
Total Marks: 40 Total Time: 1 hour 45 mins
Section A
(Time -1hr)
Answer any one question :- (22 marks)
Question 1) ERQ – Biological Approach ( HL EXTENSION ONLY FOR HL STUDENTS )
Question 2) ERQ- Cognitive Approach ( HL EXTENSION ONLY FOR HL STUDENTS )
Question 3)ERQ –Socio-cultural Approach(HL EXTENSION ONLY FOR HL STUDENTS )

Section B
Answer all questions
(Time: 45 mins)

READ THE STIMULUS


Answer all the questions :-

1a) Identify the method used and outline two characteristics of the method.(3)


b) Describe the sampling method used in the study.(3)
c) Suggest an alternative or additional research method giving one reason for your choice.(3)
2. Discuss the possibility of generalizing the findings of the study./ Discuss how a researcher could ensure that the
results of the study are credible./ Discuss how the researcher in the study could avoid bias.(9)

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