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    Colours of Elements and Compounds: Rasheed Ahmad A / O Level Chemistry 0333-4277385

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    Malaika Akram
    This document discusses the colors of various elements and compounds. It notes that group I, II, and aluminum and zinc metals are usually silvery or gray, while transition metals are usually dark gray solids. It then discusses the colors of specific elements and compounds, including copper (which forms blue and green compounds), iron (which forms green, brown, and red-brown compounds), and nickel (which forms green solutions). It also mentions the colors of nonmetal elements and compounds such as sulfur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Finally, it discusses various chemical tests involving color changes, such as redox reactions, organic chemistry tests, water tests, and purity tests.

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    Colours of Elements and Compounds: Rasheed Ahmad A / O Level Chemistry 0333-4277385

    Uploaded by

    Malaika Akram
    3K views3 pages
    This document discusses the colors of various elements and compounds. It notes that group I, II, and aluminum and zinc metals are usually silvery or gray, while transition metals are usually dark gray solids. It then discusses the colors of specific elements and compounds, including copper (which forms blue and green compounds), iron (which forms green, brown, and red-brown compounds), and nickel (which forms green solutions). It also mentions the colors of nonmetal elements and compounds such as sulfur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Finally, it discusses various chemical tests involving color changes, such as redox reactions, organic chemistry tests, water tests, and purity tests.

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    Final_colours_of_Elements_and_Compounds_and_Tests

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    This document discusses the colors of various elements and compounds. It notes that group I, II, and aluminum and zinc metals are usually silvery or gray, while transition metals are usually dark gray solids. It then discusses the colors of specific elements and compounds, including copper (which forms blue and green compounds), iron (which forms green, brown, and red-brown compounds), and nickel (which forms green solutions). It also mentions the colors of nonmetal elements and compounds such as sulfur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Finally, it discusses various chemical tests involving color changes, such as redox reactions, organic chemistry tests, water tests, and purity tests.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3K views3 pages

    Colours of Elements and Compounds: Rasheed Ahmad A / O Level Chemistry 0333-4277385

    Uploaded by

    Malaika Akram
    This document discusses the colors of various elements and compounds. It notes that group I, II, and aluminum and zinc metals are usually silvery or gray, while transition metals are usually dark gray solids. It then discusses the colors of specific elements and compounds, including copper (which forms blue and green compounds), iron (which forms green, brown, and red-brown compounds), and nickel (which forms green solutions). It also mentions the colors of nonmetal elements and compounds such as sulfur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Finally, it discusses various chemical tests involving color changes, such as redox reactions, organic chemistry tests, water tests, and purity tests.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Rasheed Ahmad A / O Level Chemistry 0333-4277385

    Colours of Elements and Compounds


     Group I, II and Al and Zn metals are usually silvery or silvery grayish metals.
     Transition metals are usually dark grayish solids
     Other than transition metals’ compounds are white solids and their solutions are
    colourless.
     Lead forms yellow PbO solids where as other compounds of lead are white.
     Transition metals form coloured compounds and their aqueous solutions are coloured.

     Copper is a pink brown metal and following are some of its coloured compounds.

    CuSO4 (anhydrous) White Powder Solid


    CuSO4 . 5H2O (Hydrated) Blue Crystalline Solid
    CuSO4 (aqueous solution) Blue
    CuCl2 (solid and solution) Green
    CuCO3 (solid) Blue green
    Cu(OH)2 (ppt) Blue solid
    CuO (solid) Black
    Cu2O (solid) Brick red

     Iron is a dark grey solid and it forms following coloured compounds.

    Fe2+ FeCl2 , FeSO4 (Solid or solution) Green or light green


    Fe(OH)2 (ppt) Dark or dirty green

    Fe3+ FeCl3 , Fe2(SO4)3 (Solid) Brown or red brown


    FeCl3 , Fe2(SO4)3 (Solution) Yellow Brown
    Fe(OH)3 (ppt) Red brown

    Fe2O3 (solid) Rust brown


    Fe3O4 (solid) Blackish brown

     Nickle (grayish metal) forms greenish solution of Ni 2+ ion i.e. Ni(NO3)2, NiSO4, NiCl2
     Certain non metals or their compounds are coloured.
    1

    Sulphur (S8) is a yellow solid


    Page

    Phosphorus (P4) is a red solid


    0333-4277385 Colours of Elements and Compounds Rasheed Ahmad
    Rasheed Ahmad A / O Level Chemistry 0333-4277385

    Flourine (F2) Yellow gas and colourless solution


    Chlorine (Cl2) Yellow green gas / colourless aqueous solution / white ppt with Cl -1
    Bromine (Br2) Red brown liquid/aqueous solution / vapours / Creamy ppt with Br -1
    Iodine (I2) Black solid / brown aqueous solution / purple vapours / Yellow ppt
    with I-1
    Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Brown gas
    Hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) White misty fumes
    Other gases such as O2 , N2 , CO2 , NH3 , CO are colourless

    Redox Reactions Tests

    Test for Reducing Agents:


    Acidified KMnO4 Purple (Mn+7) to colourless (Mn+2)
    Acidified K2Cr2O7 Orange (Cr+6) to green (Cr+3)

    Test for Oxidizing Agents:


    Aqueous KI Colourless (I-1) to brown (I20)

    Organic Chemistry Test


    Aqueous Bromine (Red brown)
    Unsaturated (alkene): Orangish brown to colourless
    Saturated (alkane): stays orangish brown

    Tests of Water:
    Anhydrous copper (II) sulphate turns from white to blue

    Purity of a Substance Test: Sharp and fix melting / boiling point only

    Indicator Acid Alkali


    Litmus Red Blue
    Methyle Orange Red Yellow
    Phenolphthaline Colourless Pink
    Always Remember: For pH determination
    2

     Universal indicator (reference to colour matching with pH colour chart scale.)


    Page

     pH meter (reading reference)


    0333-4277385 Colours of Elements and Compounds Rasheed Ahmad
    Rasheed Ahmad A / O Level Chemistry 0333-4277385

    ppt formed in cation tests are hydroxide of that metal M(OH)n

    Chromium (Cr3+) Green ppt, soluble in excess green ppt., insoluble in excess

    3
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    0333-4277385 Colours of Elements and Compounds Rasheed Ahmad

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